Landscape Characteristics and Utilization of Quaternary Glacier Remains in Daweishan of Hunan Province

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Landscape Characteristics and Utilization of Quaternary Glacier Remains in Daweishan of Hunan Province Advance in Resources & Environmental Economics Research Landscape Characteristics and Utilization of Quaternary Glacier Remains in Daweishan of Hunan Province Liu Jianglong1,2,Shen Zhijun2,Wu Xiangbin3 (1.School of Information Physical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 China; 2. Hunan Planning Institute of Land and Resources, Changsha 410007 China; 3. School of Geo-science and Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 China) [email protected] Abstract: The Quaternary glacial remains, distributed in Daweishan, in Liuyang city of Hunan province, have been proven that they are the most typical geological heritages charactered with well development and a great variety of types with distinctive features. Furthermore, there are the heritages of spherical weathering of granite landforms, fault heritages, wetlands and water landscape in Daweishan. Based on the field investigation of Quaternary glacial remains, the development prospect, including the resource condi- tions, the location, the market conditions and the basic structures, is analyzed. Some feasible suggestions on the development and management of the geo-tourism resources are put forward. Key words: Quaternary Glacial remains; Geo-tourism Resources; Landscape Characteristics; Daweishan 湖南大围山第四纪冰川遗迹景观特征及地质 旅游资源开发 1 2 3 刘江龙 ,申志军 ,吴湘滨 (1.中南大学信息物理工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083; 2.湖南省国土资源规划院,湖南 长沙 410007; 3.中南大学地学与环境工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083) [email protected] 摘 要:湖南省浏阳市大围山地区的第四纪冰川遗迹是湖南省第一个发育较好、类型齐全的第四纪 冰川遗迹,具有规模大、分布集中、观赏性强、科考价值高、比较典型等特点,同时配套有花岗岩 球状风化地貌、断层遗迹和点缀其中的高山湿地与水体景观。通过对大围山地质遗迹的资源条件、 区位条件、客源条件、市场条件、基础条件等开发前景分析,对大围山地质旅游资源开发与管理的 提出了切实可行的建议。 关键词:第四纪冰川遗迹;地质旅游资源;景观特征;大围山 中图分类号 :P512 文献标识码:A 文章标识码: 1974 年江西省地质局区域地质测量队进行 告[2-4],在国内学术界产生了较大影响。 1∶20 万区域地质调查时首先在大围山地区发现 大围山地区的第四纪冰川遗迹具有山谷冰川 了第四纪冰川遗迹,并在铜鼓幅区域地质调查报 停积及其向低处流动的 U 形谷和冰川堆积物一套 告中单独论述了大姑冰期及庐山冰期冰川遗迹的 较完整的第四纪冰川分期、发生、发展及消亡系 [1] 类型及分布 。之后,湖南省地质研究所、湖南 统,堪与庐山、黄山等中国东部地区第四纪冰川 师范大学、中科院大地所、中国地质科学院地质 遗迹相媲美。冰斗、冰窖是大围山第四纪冰川盛 力学研究所、中国地质大学、中南大学等高校和 行的主要特色,数量之多、规模宏大、造型奇特 科研单位的专家先后对大围山第四纪冰川遗迹进 的冰川漂砾既是典型的第四纪冰川遗迹,也是很 行了实地考察,并撰写了部分学术论文或考察报 好的旅游资源,保存在玉泉湖的羊背石更是中国 173 978-1-935068-32-7 © 2010 SciRes. Advance in Resources & Environmental Economics Research 东部地区迄今为止唯一一块保存完好的羊背石, 其它漂砾之上,称为冰台或冰桌[7]。大围山冰川 是大围山第四纪冰川最有说服力的证据。 漂砾分布于冰斗(冰窖)中、槽谷和坡谷以及山 1 大围山第四纪冰川遗迹景观特征 岭地带。其成分以花岗岩居多及少量条带状混合 1.1 震撼人心的冰蚀地貌景观 岩。有的漂砾可见有冰臼、擦口、压蚀坑等冰川 大围山冰蚀地形最后一期冰川(庐山冰期, 动力痕迹;有的具有冰冻裂隙及漂砾压在另一漂 Q3)撤退后的遗迹保存较好[1]。扁担拗冰斗向东 砾之上,形成冰桌。这些现象在祷泉湖冰窖出口 出口处残留有阻止冰流下行的冰坎,其两侧为冰 之基岩冰坎上,五子石及七星岭道路两侧均可见 流下泻之冰笕,而今为流水沟。冰斗间鱼脊峰上 及,为庐山冰期产物,甚为壮观。整个大围山地 冰川溢口清晰可见,岩坎向南东陡倾斜形成冰坡, 区可谓“漂砾的海洋”。 其下为冰川流行道迹—U 形谷向南东倾斜伸展。 2 大围山地质旅游资源主要类型 虽经长期侵蚀改造,但结构仍较清晰。七星岭鱼 2.1 第四纪冰川地质遗迹 脊峰近东西向伸展,标高 1560m 左右,脊岭被一 大围山是湖南省第一个较典型齐全的第四纪 系列呈 U 形的冰川溢口分割,U 形缺口向北偏西 冰川遗迹分布地区,可与国内外现代山谷冰川及 倾斜并将鱼脊峰改造呈孤形“锯齿”状,7 个小 第四纪山谷冰川遗迹媲美。既具有重要的科学意 山头便是七星岭一名的由来。扁担坳冰斗及七星 义,又具有较高的观赏旅游价值。 岭鱼脊峰、冰川溢口(图 1)结构完整,形态典 大围山的花岗岩冰川漂砾无处不在,而且体 型,是大围山第四纪冰川存在的重要标志之一。 形硕大,直径 5~7m 者比比皆是,更有对径 22~ 第四纪冰川的冰窖演化成现代的呈浑圆形或 25m 者。它们或垒叠于山谷中、或卧于山巅、或 长条形的山间湿地,面积不等,单个面积 20hm2 置身于山坡。相互间有的架空、有的直立、有的 以上,最大的为祷泉湖,面积达 90hm2 以上。其 横卧、有的斜靠、更有上下叠置为伴者。它们或 中庐山冰期(Q3)冰窖遗迹有祷泉湖冰窖(图2), 与流泉飞瀑相依相偎,或藏身于郁郁葱葱竹海树 玉泉湖冰窖、七星湖冰窖、船底窝冰窖、桃坪冰 林间,或在云雾飘袅中时隐时现。其造型美观奇 窖等,分布在标高1400m 左右地带。大姑冰期(Q2) 特,如补天遗石、石盖屋、中硫抵柱、听法海龟, 冰窖保存较差,有水打坝冰窖、石古田(山)冰 更有居重沉稳的壮士石,憨态可鞠的海豹观天, 窖等,分布在标高 650~800m 地带[5]。 正襟围坐的大佛等。众多的冰川漂砾形成一片漂 第四纪冰川的 U 形谷在山体的北坡比南坡发 砾的海洋,是世界上罕见的地质奇观。 育。北坡发育较好的有船底窝—粟木桥 U 形谷, 2.2 花岗岩球状风化遗迹 玉泉寺—细棚子—石羊城 U 形谷,邱家老屋—大 大围山是一座花岗岩山体,由于不同方向的 王坑 U 形谷等;南坡有水打坝—文竹 U 形谷等。 节理裂隙切割岩体,水、气及各种微生物等沿花 1.2 稀有罕见的羊背石 岗岩节理裂隙侵入,由表即里层层风化剥落,由 迄今为止,大围山地区被发现的唯一一块花 于节理裂隙交汇处岩体表面积较大,风化作用的 岗岩质羊背石坐落在玉泉湖冰斗出口附近的冰斗 强度及深度相对较大,岩体内部未受风化的部分 南边的底部湿地中。走向近东西向,长约 2m 左右, 呈现球形[8]。被风化的岩石碎块被剥离以后,残 宽不足 1m,高约 0.5m 左右。呈上流缓、下流较 留的球状岩块即为石蛋。大围山花岗岩风化遗迹 陡的流线形。面上有相互平行呈东西向排列的条 为埋藏型石蛋地貌,球形完美,个体小。沿大围 带状擦痕并代表了冰川的流向(图 3)。 山公园大门至玉泉山庄的公路切坡的花岗岩残坡 1.3 蔚为壮观的漂砾群 积层下面裸露出众多的娇小玲珑、形态优美的球 冰川搬运的大小混杂的各种砾石可随冰川翻 状风化体。如凤凰生蛋、螃蟹出洞、玉兰绽放、 山越岭,其体积大小悬殊,有的直径可达 10~20m 风巢落蛋等美不胜收的象形景观, 以上。冰碛砾石在搬运过程中,由于与基岩摩擦 2.3 断层遗迹 或相互摩擦,经常产生光滑的磨光面,其上可有 出露于扁担坳公路北边的花岗岩中,断层产 各种冰溜遗痕[6]。冰川消融后停积在槽谷、谷坡 状 45°∠75°~80°。断层破碎带宽 20m 左右, 乃至山麓地带,形成漂砾,有的巨大漂砾横置于 边缘为脆性变形碎裂花岗岩,中间为韧性变性之 978-1-935068-32-7 © 2010 SciRes. 174 Advance in Resources & Environmental Economics Research 破劈理带及定向拉长之硅化构造透镜体,劈理带 目前没有把地质遗迹作为重点开发,但是为建设 宽约 40cm。断层属北东盘上冲、南西盘(下盘) 好地质公园奠定了良好的基础。 下降之压性逆断层 [9]。花岗岩中保存如此清晰构 4 对大围山地质旅游资源开发与管理的建议 造破碎带的断层甚为少见。 4.1 以“保护为主、适度利用”的宗旨指导 2.4 高山湿地和水体景观 开发 分布在大围山海拔 1200m 以上峰顶之间的湿 美国与欧洲的一些地质公园在开发建设中非 地有 13 个,呈椭圆形或长条形,单个面积在 常注重对地质遗迹资源的保护,将保护地质遗迹、 2000m 2 以上,大者有 200×300m2 左右,如祷泉湖、 维护生态系统作为建立公园的根本目的[10]。美国 天星湖、玉泉湖、龟湖等。这些湿地是冰川消融 在对其国家公园开发时就严格规定,除了必要的 后的冰斗、冰窖进一步演化形成。溪流汇集,花 风景资源保护设施和必要的旅游设施外,严禁在 草繁茂,溪水清洌甘甜,水生动物多样。 国家公园内搞开发性项目,而且只允许少量的、 3 大围山地质旅游资源开发条件分析 小型的、分散的旅游基本生活服务设施;另外, 3.1 资源条件 设施的风格色调等要力求与周围的自然环境相协 大围山地质遗迹景观资源丰富,其类型主要 调,不得破坏自然环境和资源,同时,还严格控 有第四纪冰川遗迹、花岗岩球状风化地貌、断层 制公园内的游客量和野营地的设施数量等。 遗迹、高山湿地和水体景观等,且景观分布集中、 大围山地质旅游资源的建设与发展应当借鉴 规模较大,具有较高的美学价值和科考价值。此 这些思路与做法,将主要任务定位在保护第四纪 外,优美的自然风光和独特的人文景观等配套景 冰川地质遗迹上。坚持“保护为主,适度利用” 观资源也具有较高的品位。 地质遗迹管理宗旨,以贴近自然的体验旅游并增 3.2 区位条件 强教育功能,“适度利用”既要在利用的“度”上 大围山交通区位优势明显。大围山第四纪冰 加以限制,又要在旅游利用方式上加以改善。 川地质公园位于浏阳市东北部,距浏阳市 68km, 4.2 地质遗迹资源管理要与生态管理协同发 距省会长沙 119km,均有公路到达,交通便捷。 展 独特的区位为大围山地质旅游资源开发和融入长 地质遗迹资源是环境的某种特定的存在形 株潭两型社会综合改革实验区乃至全省旅游热线 式,并充当着环境的载体或物质能量交换、传递 提供了较好的条件。 和转移的介质,两者之间存在着相互联系、彼此 [11] 3.3 客源条件 作用与融为一体的关系 。所以,一方面要依靠 浏阳市近几年来游客接待人数有较快的增 地质遗迹资源管理来推进生态环境保护,另一方 长,平均每年增长 30%。受交通区位的影响,游 面要认识到传统的单一追求生态系统持续最大产 客主要来源于浏阳市区、省会长沙市及周边地区 量的资源利用观点已经不再适合当前社会发展的 的岳阳、江西等。外国游客及外省游客可乘坐火 需要,资源管理也应从传统的单一门类资源管理 车和飞机长沙,随着大围山品牌的大力宣传,知 转向系统资源管理,即要对自然资源实行生态系 名度越来越高,外地游客越来越多。 统水平的综合管理[12]。 3.4 市场条件 大围山第四纪冰川遗迹的开发与建设应坚持 由于大围山距离省会长沙较近,受其影响, “环境第一”的管理目标,按照“严格的保护、 国外游客及省外游客日益增多。而且长沙市作为 合理的开发、科学的规划、优美的生态”的方针 湖南省的省会城市,正大力推出生态旅游和周末 进行工作。以护林防火为重点,大力做好森林保 休闲农家游,因此,作为长沙市区的卫星城市的 护工作。减少尘埃和游人活动对冰川遗迹的影响, 浏阳市,将具有很大的市场开发潜力。 观景亭、游步道的设计风格应与景观一致,为彻 3.5 基础设施条件 底解决汽车尾气对景区大气的污染,使用绿色观 浏阳市政府把大围山申报国家地质公园作为 光车,在公园范围内统一实行循环载客游览。 政府工作的头号大事,基础设施建设有了的经费 4.3 加强第四纪冰川基础科学研究,普及地 保障和政策扶持,而且生态恢复效果明显。虽然 质科普知识 175 978-1-935068-32-7 © 2010 SciRes. Advance in Resources & Environmental Economics Research 从 1974 年江西省地质局区域地质测量队首 期性,近期目标与远景规划统筹安排。如地质博 先在大围山地区发现了第四纪冰川遗迹以来已有 物馆的建设,应该是一个长期的过程,应根据当 30 多年的研究历史,国内众多知名地学工作者对 地客源市场的扩大、科研上作的推进、地质标本 大围山第四纪冰川遗迹进行了卓有成效的研究工 的增加等变化,逐步地予以增建、扩建,建设上 作,不仅向世人介绍了大围山、宣传大围山,而 力求维持自然状态,必要的设施要与周围环境协 且为大围山第四纪冰川风景旅游的深层次研究、 调一致。三是地质公园主要功能是地质遗迹的保 深层次开发奠定了基础。 护和利用,它不同于一般的公园和风景名胜区, 当然,大围山第四纪冰川遗迹的进一步深入 应以保护为主,进行适度开发,开发的定位应该 研究,还有许多的工作需要开展,如:对大围山 是高层次、高品位、高起点和低开发、低介人。 地区第四纪冰川分期、发生、发展及消亡系统及 其次,为了达到有效保护的目的,可以借鉴 其影响范围做更加全面系统的调查、对不同冰期 美国国家公园分区模式,并结合地质公园的实际 地貌的年龄测试、对第四系沉积物标本的采集和 情况,对公园进行严格的功能分区。可以分为生 地质剖面的调查、对冰川成因的研究及其与中国 态保护区、重要地质遗迹保护区、风景游览区、 东部第四纪冰川遗迹的对比研究等等。在今后地 发展控制区。 质公园的建设中,应将有关的科学研究工作深化 再次,加强景点规划建设,按利用遗迹资源 和细化,在原有的地质资料基础下,深入进行点、 的方法差异,划分为科考型、观赏型、游乐型、 线、面结合的科研工作,对每一个地质遗迹点上 复合型四类景点,构成多功能的游览景点体系。 若干个重要的地质现象作出详细的研究和解释, 突出其地质方面的科学性,使它成为旅游者获得 References (参考文献) 相关地质知识的最佳窗口,每一个地质现象所反 [1] Jiangxi Geology Bureau. Region Geology Investiga- 映的地学内涵都不应轻易放过。应充分重视地质 tion in Tonggu(1:200 000)[R],1974. 博物馆建设,在地质解释牌的设置、导游图和导 江西省地质局.1∶20 万铜鼓幅区域地质调查报告 游词的修改、地质科普电视片制作、地质科普旅 [R],1974 [2] Hunan Province Local Chronicles Editorial Committee. 游路线的设立等方面,兼顾科学性和通俗性,以 Hunan Province Chronicles, Vol. 2 (Geographical re- 多样化的内容和形式,增强公园的地质科普功能, cords), Hunan People’s Publishing House, 1987. 湖南省地方志编撰委员会. 《湖南省志·第二卷(地 寓教于乐,使游客在轻松游览公园的同时,获取 理志下册)》,湖南人民出版社,1987 地质科普知识,感受地质氛围。 [3] Hunan Geology Bureau. Region Geology in Hunan 4.4 举办高规格、高品位、高水平的学术会 [M], Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1988. 湖南省地质局.湖南区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版 议研讨大围山第四纪冰川遗迹 社,1988 高规格、高品位、高水平的学术会议,对大 [4] HU Jiarang Quaternary Glacial Vestiges in Hunan[A] 围山第四纪冰川遗迹风景旅游开发具有重要作 Quaternary Glaciers and Quaternary Geol- ogy(2)[C]Beijing: Geological Press,1983. 用。这既是国内外专家深入研究大围山的学术平 胡家让.湖南第四纪冰川遗迹[A],第四纪冰川与第四 台,又是大围山管理处主动宣传大围山第四纪冰 纪地质论文集(第二集)[C].北京:地质出版社,1983 [5] Planning Institute of Land & Resource of Hunan 川遗迹的窗口;同时,通过召开专家座谈会,一些 Province. Integrated Investigation Report about Qua- 资深专家能够为大围山的地址旅游旅游开发提出 ternary Glacia Geological Park of Hunan Liuyang 很有针对性的建议,为大围山地质公园建设与管 Dawei Mountain[R], 2005. 湖南省国土资源规划院 湖南浏阳大围山第四纪冰 . 理、人员培训等方面发挥重要的作用。 川地质公园综合考察报告 [R],2005 4.5 高起点规划建设地质公园 [6] SHI Yafeng, CUI Zhijiu, SU Zhen, et al. Quaternary Glacier and Environment in East China 首先,对地质公园的规划与建设一定要有个 [M].Shijiazhuang: Hebei Science Press, 2006:1-186. 科学的认识:一是地质公园的开发建设必须与省 施雅风,崔之久,苏珍.中国东部第四纪冰川与环境 问题[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版,2006:1-186 内整体旅游发展和旅游分布格局相融合,处理好 [7] LI Shiguang. Quaternary Glaciations Research in 与其他旅游区和景区之间的关系,建设上要抓住 China [M], Beijing: Science Press, 1975:1-220. 地质科学的特色,凸现其个性;二是建设要有长 李四光.中国第四纪冰川[M].北京:科学出版社, 978-1-935068-32-7 © 2010 SciRes. 176 Advance in Resources & Environmental Economics Research 1975:1-220 Resources Development[A]. Tourism Geology Sym- [8] Li Dashu. Dynamic Geology Principle[M]. Beijing: posium[C]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, Geological Press, 1983. 2002, 15-31. 李叔达.动力地质学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1983 陈安泽.论地质公园建设与旅游资源开发[A].旅游地 [9] Hunan Geology Bureau. Region Geology Investigation 学论文集第八集[C].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.15~ in Changsha(1:200 000)[R] ,1974. 31 湖南省地质局. 1∶20 万长沙幅区域地质调查报告 [12] Li Xiaoqin, Liu Kaibang, Qin Jianxiong. Study on [R],1974 Ecotourism Development Mode of Geological Park[J]. [10] Zhao Xun, Zhao Ting. Geological Background of Na- Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities, tional Geoparks of China and Construction of World Humanities & Social Sciences, 2005, 26(7): 269-270. Geoparks[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2003,22(8): 李晓琴, 刘开榜, 覃建雄.地质公园生态旅游开发模 620-623. 式研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版), 2005, 赵逊,赵汀.中国地质公园地质背景浅析和世界地质 26(7): 269-270 公园建设[J].地质通报. 2003, 22(8): 620~623 [11] Chen Anze. Geological Park Construction and Tourism 177 978-1-935068-32-7 © 2010 SciRes..
Recommended publications
  • Changsha:Gateway to Inland China
    0 ︱Changsha: Gateway to Inland China Changsha Gateway to Inland China Changsha Investment Environment Report 2013 0 1 ︱ Changsha: Gateway to Inland China Changsha Changsha is a central link between the coastal areas and inland China ■ Changsha is the capital as well as the economic, political and cultural centre of Hunan province. It is also one of the largest cities in central China(a) ■ Changsha is located at the intersection of three major national high- speed railways: Beijing-Guangzhou railway, Shanghai-Kunming railway (to commence in 2014) and Chongqing-Xiamen railway (scheduled to start construction before 2016) ■ As one of China’s 17 major regional logistics hubs, Changsha offers convenient access to China’s coastal areas; Hong Kong is reachable by a 1.5-hour flight or a 3-hour ride by CRH (China Railways High-speed) Changsha is well connected to inland China and the world economy(b) Domestic trade (total retail Total value of imports and CNY 245.5 billion USD 8.7 billion sales of consumer goods) exports Value of foreign direct Total value of logistics goods CNY 2 trillion, 19.3% investment and y-o-y USD 3.0 billion, 14.4% and y-o-y growth rate growth rate Total number of domestic Number of Fortune 500 79.9 million, 34.7% tourists and y-o-y growth rate companies with direct 49 investment in Changsha Notes: (a) Central China area includes Hunan Province, Hubei Province, Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Henan Province and Shanxi Province (b) Figures come from 2012 statistics Sources: Changsha Bureau of Commerce; Changsha 2012 National Economic and Social Development Report © 2013 KPMG Advisory (China) Limited, a wholly foreign owned enterprise in China and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Resettlement Organization
    RP1093 Pilot Demonstration of GEF City Cluster Eco-Transport Project (P121263) Public Disclosure Authorized Changsha West Integrated Transport Terminal Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Changsha Integrated Transport Hub Construction and Investment Co. Ltd January 2011, Changsha Public Disclosure Authorized CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 3 1.2 PROJECT IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES....................................................... 3 1.2.1 The Project Impact.............................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Measures to reduce the negative project impact................................................. 4 1.3 PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Detailed measurement survey(DMS) .................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Social and economic survey........................................................................... 5 1.4 THE OBJECTIVES OF RESETTLEMENT.................................................................... 5 2 THE PROJECT IMPACT.........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • To Neoproterozoic Basic–Acid Rocks from Hunan Province, South China: Implications for the Evolution of the Western Jiangnan Orogen
    Precambrian Research 135 (2004) 79–103 Geochemistry of the Meso- to Neoproterozoic basic–acid rocks from Hunan Province, South China: implications for the evolution of the western Jiangnan orogen Xiaolei Wang, Jincheng Zhou∗, Jiansheng Qiu, Jianfeng Gao State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Received 24 June 2003; accepted 20 July 2004 Abstract The formation and evolution of the Jiangnan orogen at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block, South China, are an important and debatable topic. The Meso- to Neoproterozoic basic–acid rocks from Hunan Province record the history of the western Jiangnan orogen in the area. The Mesoproterozoic basalts and diabases from Nanqiao are the typical N-MORB, having very low K2O, low incompatible HFSE and REE, and depleted εNd (T) values (+6.86 to +8.98). They may represent the fragments of an obducted oceanic crust or the relicts of the oceanic crust in a “forearc basin” along an ancient subduction zone, which provides new evidence for the existence of the Jiuling Old Island Arc. The Mesoproterozoic komatiitic basalts from Yiyang are high in Al2O3/TiO2, MgO, Ni and Cr, and are depleted in Nb and Ti. These plume-derived magmas are associated with island- arc tholeiites and exhibit the geochemical characteristics of the arc magma, suggesting that the Mesoproterozoic komatiitic basalts might be the products of the plume–arc interaction. The Neoproterozoic andesitic rocks from Baolinchong, with strong depletions of Nb, Ti and enrichment of LILEs, are of typical island–arc volcanic origin. The Neoproterozoic granites from northeastern Hunan are strongly peraluminous (SP) granites, with high ASI (>1.1) and high CaO/Na2O ratio (>0.3), suggesting that they might be derived from the partial melting of the psammitic sources in the Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Nest-Site Microhabitat Association of Red-Billed Leiothrix in Subtropical
    Journal of Natural History ISSN: 0022-2933 (Print) 1464-5262 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah20 Nest-site microhabitat association of red-billed leiothrix in subtropical fragmented forest in central China: evidence for a reverse edge effect on nest predation risk? Zhiqiang Zhang, Donghan Hou, Yuan Xun, Xuewen Zuo, Daode Yang & Zhengwang Zhang To cite this article: Zhiqiang Zhang, Donghan Hou, Yuan Xun, Xuewen Zuo, Daode Yang & Zhengwang Zhang (2016): Nest-site microhabitat association of red-billed leiothrix in subtropical fragmented forest in central China: evidence for a reverse edge effect on nest predation risk?, Journal of Natural History, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1130869 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1130869 Published online: 17 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah20 Download by: [University of Montana] Date: 19 February 2016, At: 22:24 JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1130869 Nest-site microhabitat association of red-billed leiothrix in subtropical fragmented forest in central China: evidence for a reverse edge effect on nest predation risk? Zhiqiang Zhanga,b, Donghan Houb, Yuan Xunc, Xuewen Zuoc, Daode Yangb and Zhengwang Zhanga aMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; bCollege of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; cConservation Institute of Daweishan Nature Reserve, Forestry Bureau of Liuyang City, Liuyang, China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Previous studies of nest-site selection on a fine scale may reveal Received 2 March 2015 limiting resources within habitat types.
    [Show full text]
  • Nz China Friendshtp Socibty Hamilton Branch
    NBWSLETTER March 2OO7 NZ CHINA FRIENDSHTP SOCIBTY HAMILTON BRANCH Thursday 22 March 2007 GENERAL MEETING Venue: Waikato Migrant Resource Centre Glaudelands Reserve, Boundary Road Please note our new venue !!!!!!!!!!!! Time: 7.30pm Speaker: lnformation evening. This evening we will be showing you what you are going to see when you join our tour to Ghangsha and Hunan Province. We have a great DVD of Zhang Jia Jie - one of China's most beautiful areas. Meryl will also show some of her slides and talk about all the interesting places you will visit. Bring along your friends and spread the word to anyone who might be interested. - The itinerarv. The 1st day: Arrival in Changsha, check-in at Furong Huatian Hotel, and the welcome banquet hosted by Hunan Provincial Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries The 2nd day: Staying in Changsha for sightseeing at Hunan Provincial Museum, Yuelu Academy, Yuelu Mountain and etc.(Tianrong Hotel) The 3rd day: Departure for Yueyang city by bus and sightseeing Yueyang Tower, Junshan lsland and Zhangguying Village, then back to Changsha. (Tianrong Hotel) The 4th day: Departure for Shaoshan by bus, visiting Mao Zedong's Birth place, and Huaminglou, Liu Shaoqi's Birthplace, then back to Chansha. '(Tianrong Hotel) The 5th day: Departure for Hengyang by bus, visiting Heng Mountain, and then back to Changsha.( Tianrong Hotel) The 6fr day!Departure for sightseeing in Liuyang and Daweishan. (Forest Hotel in Daweishan) The 7th day: Back to Ghangsha and have lunch in Changsha, then departure for Zhangjiajie city by bus. (Bibaxi Hotel in Zhangjiajie) The 8th day: Sightseeing at Tianzi Mountain and Yuanjiajie.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Northeastern Hunan Province, China
    Asian Herpetological Research 2014, 5(1): 1–11 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00001 A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Northeastern Hunan Province, China Daode YANG1, Jianping JIANG2, Youhui SHEN3* and Dongbo FEI1 1 Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China 2 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China 3 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China Abstract We describe a new species from the family Salamandridae from northeastern Hunan Province of China based on morphological and molecular genetic evidences. The new species, Tylototriton liuyangensis, is a member of the T. asperrimus group, and shares a number of similarities with T. wenxianensis and T. broadoridgus. The dorsal surface of the new Tylototriton species is completely black, with nodule-like warts distributed evenly along the lateral margin of dorsal body, and there is no transverse striae between the warts. There are several diagnostic characters of the new species that differ from those of T. wenxianensis and T. broadoridgus as follows: (1) the interorbital space (IOS) is comparatively wide; (2) there is a bony ridge present on the dorsal head surface, running along the upper eyelids; (3) the space between axilla and groin (AGS) is comparatively large, with the mean male AGS approximately equal to 50% of the snout-vent length (SVL) and the mean female AGS being 53% of SVL; and (4) there is a small genital DUPDWXUHRQWKHDQWHULRUDQJOHRIODELDOIROGVSUHVHQWLQVLGHWKHDQDO¿VVXUHRIDGXOWPDOHVGXULQJWKHEUHHGLQJVHDVRQ The result from the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Tylototriton (including the type specimen of the new species) based on the complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial ND2 gene (1035 bp) indicated that the new species was similar to T.
    [Show full text]
  • RP21I1 Volume 4
    RP21I1 Volume 4 World Bank Loan Public Disclosure Authorized Hunan Urban Development Project Corridor Component (Changsha Section) Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Hunan Provincial CZT Economic Public Disclosure Authorized Integration Office Mar. 2004 - Fi Giypv4 World Bank Loan Hunan Urban Development Project Corridor Component (Changsha Section) Resettlement Action Plan Prepared by Hunan Provincial CZT Economic Integration Office Mar. 2004 Approval Shou Xian Qing Check Xie Zeng Li Compile Zhao Geng Qiang Liu Yi Wei Major participators Zhao Geng Qiang Cao Huan Fu Huan Yu Long Zhou Qiong Hu Ying Lu Hai Tang Tan Zhi Juan Ren Bin Liu Yi Wei Content 1. Summary 1-1 1.1 Project Background 1-1 1.1.1 Project name and Location 1-1 1.1.2 Briefing on the Employer 1-1 1.1.3 Project Background 1-3 1.1.4 Roles of Project in the Region 1-5 1.2 Project Briefing 1-9 1.2.1 Geographic Position of the Region 1-9 1.2.2 Major Construction Contents 1-9 1.2.3 Cost Estimates and Schedule 1-10 1.2.4 Social and Economic Benefits of the Project 1-10 1.3 ProjectAffected Scope . 1-15 1.4 Preparation of Resettlement Plan 1-15 1.4.1 Basis for Preparation 1-15 1.4.2 Methodology for Preparation 1-17 2. Project Impact 2-1 2.1 Measures to Avoid or Minimize Land Acquisition and Relocation 2-1 2.1.1 Measure in the Design Stage 2-1 2.1.2 Measures in Construction Stage 2-2 2.2 Physical Indexes Affected by the Project 2-4 2.2.1 Measures and Procedures in Investigation 2-4 2.2.2 Land Affected by the Project 2-4 2.2.3 Population Affected by the Project 2-5 2.2.4 Relocation of House and Affiliated Buildings 2-6 2.2.5 Scattered Trees and Tombs 2-6 2.2.6 Infrastructure and Special Facilities 2-8 2.2.7 Enterprises and Privately Owned Shops 2-8 2.2.8 Culture Relics and Vulnerable Group 2-10 2.3 Project ImpactAnalysis 2-10 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Summarized List of Projects Open to Foreign Investment of Changsha in 2018
    SUMMARIZED LIST OF PROJECTS OPEN TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF CHANGSHA IN 2018 Project Investment Contact Cooperation Funds Name of Project No. Project Name Project Profile Preliminary Work Person & Mode (RMB Ten Unit Thousand ) Contact Person I. Development Projects in Key Districts and Urban-Rural Integration Pilot Towns (22 Projects) 1. Development Projects in Key Districts (18 Projects) Hunan Financial Center is located at the west bank of Xiang River, Changsha. It is the core district of the starting area of the national Xiangjiang New Area - Binjiang New Town. The planning area is 2.8 square kilometers, and the total building area is 6,800,000 square meters. It neighbors Xiang River in the east, Yinshan Road in the west, the Fisherman’s Wharf in the south and Beijincheng Park in the north. Under the leadership of the government, developed and operated by Changsha Pilot Investment Holdings Group, a national regional financial center based on the central and covering the west will be built. It has gathered the national headquarters of Bank of Changsha, Bank of Sanxiang and Jixiang Life Insurance, the provincial branches of China Minsheng Bank, SPD Bank and CGB, and more than 20 headquarters of different Commerce financial institutions such as Kaiyuan Securities, Orient Asset and Changyin 58 Bureau of Yuelu Development and Lin Yuan Consumer Finance. It is proposed to introduce financial enterprise headquarters to District Construction Project infrastructure 152111247 reside in for development or strengthful developers for cooperative development and Project of Hunan completed; Concept planning of 09 construction. Changsha Pilot 1 Financial Center Cooperation / Hunan Financial Center A4 block is located at the east of Xiaoxiang Middle Road, the south of Guyue Road, Binjiang New in Hunan basically completed; investment Wang Lang the west of Binjiang Landscape Road and the north of the Sixth Branch.
    [Show full text]
  • AC31 Doc. 37 A2
    AC31 Doc. 37 Annex / Annexe / Anexo 2 (English only / Seuelement en anglais / Únicamente en inglés) Taxonomic Checklist of Amphibian taxa included in the Appendices at the 18th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Geneva, August 2019) Species information extracted from FROST, D. R. (ed.) (2020) Amphibian Species of the World: an online Reference (https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php), Version 6.1 doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 Accessed 5 May 2020 Copyright © 1998-2020, Darrel Frost and The American Museum of Natural History. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction for commercial purposes prohibited. Contents of this extract, prepared for AC31 by the Nomenclature Specialist for Fauna: Class Amphibia Order Caudata Family Salamandridae Genus Echinotriton Nussbaum & Brodie 1982 Echinotriton andersoni (Boulenger 1892) Echinotriton chinhaiensis (Chang 1932) Echinotriton maxiquadratus Hou, Wu, Yang, Zheng, Yuan & Li 2014 Genus Paramesotriton Chang 1935 Paramesotriton aurantius Yuan, Wu, Zhou & Che 2016 Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (Liu & Hu 1973) Paramesotriton chinensis (Gray 1859) Paramesotriton deloustali (Bourret 1934) Paramesotriton fuzhongensis Wen 1989 Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang & Tang 1983) Paramesotriton labiatus (Unterstein 1930) Paramesotriton longliensis Li, Tian, Gu & Xiong 2008 Paramesotriton maolanensis Gu, Chen, Tian, Li & Ran 2012 Paramesotriton qixilingensis Yan, Zhao, Jiang, Hou, He, Murphy & Che 2014 Paramesotriton wulingensis Wang, Tian & Gu 2013 Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang & Hanken 2010 Paramesotriton
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Phrurolithidae Spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China
    ZooKeys 947: 1–37 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.947.51175 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A survey of Phrurolithidae spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China Ke-Ke Liu1, Hui-Pu Luo1, Yuan-Hao Ying1, Yu-Xin Xiao1, Xiang Xu2, Yong-Hong Xiao1 1 College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, Jiangxi, China 2 College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China Corresponding author: Yong-Hong Xiao ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Haddad | Received 16 February 2020 | Accepted 12 May 2020 | Published 8 July 2020 http://zoobank.org/A6378B16-EE56-4DB1-8DD1-C073CA10D366 Citation: Liu K-K, Luo H-P, Ying Y-H, Xiao Y-X, Xu X, Xiao Y-H (2020) A survey of Phrurolithidae spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. ZooKeys 947: 1–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.947.51175 Abstract Phrurolithidae spiders were collected from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China, during the past six years. The new genus Alboculus Liu, gen. nov., with the type species Phruroli- thus zhejiangensis Song & Kim, 1991, is described, and its previously unknown male is described for the first time. Furthermore, seven new species of Otacilia are described: O. acutangula Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀), O. bijiashanica Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀), O. longtanica Liu, sp. nov. (♀), O. ovoidea Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀), O. shenshanica Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀), O. subovoidea Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀), and O. xiaoxiica Liu, sp. nov. (♀). All species are illustrated with photographs and their distributions are mapped.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a National Eco-Compensation Regulation in the People’S Republic of China
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND TOWARDREGIONAL A WORKSHOP NATIONAL ON ECO-COMPENSATIONSTRENGTHENING COUNTRY REGULATIONSAFEGUARD SYSTEMS: IN THE TOWARDS PEOPLE’SCOMMON REPUBLIC APPROACHES OF CHINA FOR BETTER RESULTS ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TOWARD A NATIONAL ECO-COMPENSATION REGULATION IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA November 2016 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-655-4 (Print), 978-92-9257-656-1 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168529-2 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Toward a national eco-compensation regulation in the People’s Republic of China. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Eco-compensation pilot projects. 2. National eco-compensation regulation. 3. People’s Republic of China. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Gloeophyllaceae, Basidiomycota), a Close Relative to V
    Phytotaxa 243 (2): 163–169 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.6 Veluticeps fasciculata sp. nov. (Gloeophyllaceae, Basidiomycota), a close relative to V. berkeleyi JIAO YANG1, KAREN K. NAKASONE2 & SHUANG-HUI HE1* 1Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new brown-rot fungal species, Veluticeps fasciculata, is described from southern China. It is characterized by perennial effused basidiocarps with smooth or tuberculose hymenophore, nodose-septate generative hyphae, fasciculate cystidia (as hyphal pegs in hymenophore) and relatively small basidiospores. It occurs on wood of Cunninghamia and Cryptomeria. Although similar to Veluticeps berkeleyi, morphological and molecular (ITS rDNA sequences) data show that V. fasciculata is a distinct species. Complete description and illustrations are provided for the V. fasciculata. In addition, V. fimbriata is reported from China for the first time. Key words: brown rot, Gloeophyllales, taxonomy, wood-inhabiting fungi Introduction Veluticeps (Cooke 1879: 20) Pat. (1894: 78) is a distinctive genus characterized by single or fascicled cystidia, relatively long basidia, fusiform basidiospores and causes a brown rot on gymnosperm or angiosperm wood (Nakasone 1990). Currently, nine species are accepted in the genus (Nakasone 2004, He & Li 2013). Phylogenetically it belongs in the Gloeophyllales and is closely related to Chaetodermella Rauschert (1988: 52, Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011). Three species, Veluticeps abietina (Pers.
    [Show full text]