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349 349 348 348 راهنمای استفاده به منظور یافتن نام عکاس و ی��ا تصویرگر مورد نظر، هر عکس با ش��ماره صفحهای که در آن قرار گرفته کد گذاری شده است. در صورتی که در یک صفحه دو تصویر قرار گرفته باش��د، تصویر باال به عنوان تصویر 1 و تصویر پایین به عنوان تصویر 2 شماره گذاری ش��دهاند. به طور مثال کد تصوی��ر پایین صفح��ه 220 به صورت )2(220 در میآید. در صورتی که کد عکس مورد نظر ش��ما در این پیوست نیست به این معناس��ت که آن عکس توسط عکاس اصلی کتاب عکاسی شده است. Appendix I
تصویر Guide 1 Each photos and drawings coded to find Photo 1 its photographer or illustrator by the page numbers. If two photos or drawings placed in the same page, upper photo takes index (1) and lower one takes (2). For example the code تصویر for the lower photo of page 220 is 220(2). 2 In case you could not be able to find the Photo 2 specific photo in this appendix, it means that photo taken by senior photographer. صفحه Page 220 220
جا دارد از افرادی که تصاویر خود را بی هیچ چشم داشتی در اختیار ما قرار داده اند ولی به سبب برخی محدودیت ها، امکان استفاده از این تصاویر فراهم نش��د قدردانی گردد. این افراد عبارتند از: احمد کراتاش، الساندرو سیری، الکساندر گاس، دیوید تاکنیشویلی، ادوارد کیم، فرانک واسن، گری نفیس، جاناتان گروپ، جوگال تیوارا، کنراد مبرت، نعیم مرادی، پائولو مازی، پول وسکمپ و زیتا بوکوسکا.
We would like to extend our gratitude to the friends and Institutes, who gave a worthy aid to raise the level of this book by donating their photographs but unfortunately due to some limitations we were not be able to use them; Ahmet Karataş, Alessandro Cere, Alexander Gaos, David Tarkhnishvili, Eduard Kim, Frank Vassen, Gary Nafis, Jonathan Gropp, Jugal Tiwari, Konrad Mebert, Naeim Moradi, Paolo Mazzei, Paul Voskamp and Zita Bukovska.
349 349 348 348 امید مظفری...... (1)175 جان بون...... (1)122 ناشناس...... 15 نادر کرمی...... (2)176 جان بون...... (2)122 رالف گایر...... 16 کامران کمالی...... (2)177 کامران کمالی...... (1)123 کامران کمالی...... 17 امید مظفری...... (2)178 کامران کمالی...... (2)123 الیزابت نیکسون...... (1)56 امید مظفری...... (1)179 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)126 امید مظفری...... 60 امید مظفری...... (2)179 کامران کمالی...... (1)127 امید مظفری...... 61 بنی ترپ...... (1)180 کامران کمالی...... (2)127 امید مظفری...... 62 بنی ترپ...... (2)180 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)128 داوید بونادونا...... 63 علیرضا نادری...... (1)181 امید مظفری...... (2)128 امید مظفری...... 64 موشه کلوکوزکی...... (1)182 بهزاد فتحی نیا...... (1)129 رفاقت مسرور...... (1)74 بهزاد زادهوش ...... (1)184 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)129 رفاقت مسرور...... (2)74 کامران کمالی...... (2)184 بهزاد فتحی نیا...... (1)130 فراهم احمد زاده...... (1)75 بنی ترپ...... (1)187 بهزاد فتحی نیا...... (2)130 امید مظفری...... (2)75 بنی ترپ...... (2)187 استیون اندرسون...... (1)133 امید مظفری...... (1)77 کامران کمالی...... (1)193 امید مظفری...... (2)134 کامران کمالی...... (2)77 کامران کمالی...... (2)193 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)135 کامران کمالی...... (1)78 کامران کمالی...... (1)195 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)135 ای یاکونتوف...... (2)79 کامران کمالی...... (2)195 تاد پیرسون ...... (1)137 امید مظفری...... (1)80 امید مظفری...... (1)197 تاد پیرسون ...... (2)137 اجمل حسن...... (1)81 کامران کمالی...... (1)198 کامران کمالی...... (1)140 گری براون ...... (2)81 امید مظفری...... (2)198 کامران کمالی...... (2)141 کامران کمالی...... (1)83 کامران کمالی...... (1)199 کامران کمالی...... (2)143 کامران کمالی...... (2)83 تاد پیرسون ...... (1)201 علیرضا نادری...... (1)144 کامران کمالی...... (1)84 تاد پیرسون ...... (2)201 امید مظفری...... (1)145 امید مظفری...... (1)87 جان چوچک ...... (1)202 امید مظفری...... (2)145 امید مظفری...... (2)87 رونه میدگارت...... (2)202 کامران کمالی...... (2)146 امید مظفری...... (1)89 کامران کمالی...... (2)203 امید مظفری...... (2)148 امید مظفری...... (2)89 امید مظفری...... (1)204 ماریو شویگر ...... (1)149 رفاقت مسرور...... (2)90 موشه کلوکوزکی...... (1)205 ماریو شویگر ...... (2)149 کامران کمالی...... (1)92 نیکوالی رهمه...... (2)205 امید مظفری...... (1)150 کامران کمالی...... (2)92 کامران کمالی...... (1)207 امید مظفری...... (2)150 امید مظفری...... (1)93 کامران کمالی...... (1)208 والتر جاسینتو...... (1)152 ماتیوس هاجداک...... (1)94 تیمیندو گوناتیالک...... (1)209 امید مظفری...... (2)152 بیل بوتون...... (1)95 رث باتلر...... (2)209 طاهر قدیریان...... (1)153 کامران کمالی...... (2)97 کامران کمالی...... (1)215 طاهر قدیریان...... (2)153 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)98 کامران کمالی...... (2)215 امید مظفری...... (1)155 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)98 کامران کمالی...... (1)216 امید مظفری...... (2)155 کامران کمالی...... (1)99 کامران کمالی...... (2)217 کامران کمالی...... (1)156 امید مظفری...... (2)100 پراتیک پرادها...... (1)218 هوشنگ پهلوان...... (2)157 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)101 کامران کمالی...... (1)219 کامران کمالی...... (2)158 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)101 کاربر Tjuren از انجمن Venomdoc ...... (1)220 کامران کمالی...... (1)159 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)102 حمید مقدم...... (2)220 کازمین اویدومانچی...... (1)160 مصطفی موذنی...... (2)102 کازمین اویدومانچی...... (1)222 تیبور سوس...... (2)160 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)103 سرجیو لورنزینی...... (2)222 کامران کمالی...... (2)162 فرهنگ ترکی...... (1)104 امید مظفری...... (1)225 بنی ترپ...... (1)163 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)104 کامران کمالی...... (1)226 بنی ترپ...... (2)163 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)105 امید مظفری...... (2)226 کامران کمالی...... (1)165 فراهم احمد زاده...... (1)106 آوید بار...... (1)227 کامران کمالی...... (1)166 فراهم احمد زاده...... (2)106 آوی بن زیکن...... (2)227 ای. دونایف...... (2)166 فرهنگ ترکی...... (2)107 موشه کلوکوزکی...... (1)228 کامران کمالی...... (2)167 کامران کمالی...... (1)108 گای همیلوچی...... (2)228 مارک پستوف ...... (1)168 کامران کمالی...... (1)111 آوید بار...... (1)229 مارک پستوف ...... (2)168 امید مظفری...... (2)111 آوید بار...... (2)229 امید مظفری...... (2)169 کامران کمالی...... (1)113 مهدی رجبی زاده...... (2)230 کامران کمالی...... (1)170 امید مظفری...... (2)114 امید مظفری...... (1)231 نادر کرمی...... (1)172 استیون اندرسون...... (1)116 امید مظفری...... (2)231 امید مظفری...... (2)172 فراهم احمد زاده...... (1)117 آوید بار...... (1)232 کامران کمالی...... (1)173 فراهم احمد زاده...... (2)117 جان چوچک ...... (2)232 کامران کمالی...... (2)173 امید مظفری...... (1)119 امید مظفری...... (1)235 کامران کمالی...... (1)174 امید مظفری...... (2)119 کامران کمالی...... (2)235 کامران کمالی...... (2)174 کامران کمالی...... (1)120
351 351 350 350 بنی ترپ...... (1)283 امید مظفری...... (2)236 مهدی رجبی زاده...... (1)285 آوید بار...... (1)237 مهدی رجبی زاده...... (2)285 ناشناخته...... (2)237 کامران کمالی ...... (1)287 فرهنگ ترکی ...... (1)239 کامران کمالی ...... (2)287 فرهنگ ترکی ...... (2)239 بنی ترپ...... (2)288 ویوک فیلیپ سریاک...... (1)240 مایک دوبی...... (1)289 ویوک شارما...... (2)240 مایک دوبی...... (2)289 آزنار خاویر گونزالس درودا...... (1)241 برایان گراتویک...... (1)296 گابریل مارتینز مارین دل مارمول مارین ...... (2)241 خاویر بایود فری...... (2)296 رفاقت مسرور...... (1)242 یوحنا پدرو سیلوا...... (1)298 کامران کمالی ...... (1)244 سازمان مطالعات گرمسیری...... (1)299 کامران کمالی ...... (2)245 سازمان مطالعات گرمسیری...... (2)299 پراتامش ویندو گادکار...... (1)247 کن کلیفتون...... (1)300 پراتامش ویندو گادکار...... (2)247 کارلتون وارد جونیور...... (2)300 موشه کلوکوزکی...... (1)251 کامران کمالی ...... (2)305 تام مارتین...... (1)252 برهان ریاضی...... (1)308 برونو گاتولین ...... (2)252 کامران کمالی ...... (1)253 کامران کمالی ...... (1)254 آوی بن زیکن...... (1)255 آوی بن زیکن...... (2)255 مایک دوبی...... (1)256 ماریو شویگر...... (2)256 امید مظفری...... (1)258 امید مظفری...... (2)258 سهیال جوانمرد...... (1)260 سهیال جوانمرد...... (2)260 فرهنگ ترکی ...... (2)261 مجاهد چکمک...... (1)262 آدام آداکول...... (2)262 کامران کمالی ...... (1)263 کامران کمالی ...... (2)263 کامران کمالی ...... (1)264 کامران کمالی ...... (2)264 روچیرا سوماویرا ...... (1)265 مونتی سومونتا...... (2)265 جنز اریکسون...... (1)266 هو روبرتز...... (2)266 کانیشکا اوکوال...... (2)267 کاربر damiensharjah از انجمن SA Reptiles ...... (1)268 انسی واندروالت...... (2)268 راسل کومینگ...... (1)269 یوشیتاکا تاهارا...... (2)269 ایوان نوسالویچ...... (1)270 کاربرdidiridoo ازflickr ...... (2)270 کانیشکا اوکوال...... (1)272 روچیرا سوماویرا ...... (2)272 کانیشکا اوکوال...... (2)273 امید مظفری...... (2)274 آوید بار...... (1)275 آوید بار...... (2)275 گابریل مارتینز مارین دل مارمول مارین ...... (1)277 کامران کمالی ...... (2)277 گری نافی ...... (1)278 جاناتان حکیم...... (2)278 کامران کمالی ...... (2)279 امید مظفری...... (1)280 کامران کمالی ...... (1)281 تد ارنسمایر...... (1)282 دیک بارتلت...... (2)282
351 351 350 350 216(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 262(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������Mücahit Çakmak 217(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 262(2) ����������������������������������������������������������������������� Adem Adakul 218(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������Pratik Pradhan 263(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 219(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 263(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 220(1)...... Venomdoc Forums ID: Tjuren 264(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 220(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������� Hamid Moghadam 264(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 222(1) ��������������������������������������������������������� Cosmin-Ovidiu Manci 265(1) ������������������������������������������������������������� Ruchira Somaweera 222(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������Sergio Lorenzoni 265(2) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Montri Sumontha 225(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 266(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������������� Jens Eriksen 226(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 266(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Huw Roberts 226(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 267(2) ���������������������������������������������������������������Kanishka Ukuwela 227(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 268(1)...... SA Reptiles ID: damiensharjah 227(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Avi ben Zaekn 268(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������Ansie Vanderwalt 228(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������Moshe Klukowski 269(1) �����������������������������������������������������������������Russell Cumming 228(2) �������������������������������������������������������������������Guy Hamilovich 269(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������Yoshitaka Tahara 229(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 270(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������ Ivan Nosalevych 229(2) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 270(2) ���������������������������������������������������������������Flickr ID:didiridoo 230(2) ������������������������������������������������������������ Mehdi Rajabizaadeh 272(1) ���������������������������������������������������������������Kanishka Ukuwela 231(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 272(2) ������������������������������������������������������������� Ruchira Somaweera 231(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 273(2) ���������������������������������������������������������������Kanishka Ukuwela 232(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 274(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 232(2) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� Jan Ševčík 275(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 235(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 275(2) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 235(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 277(1)...... Gabriel Martínez del Mármol Marín 236(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 277(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 237(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Aviad Bar 278(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������Gary Nafis 237(2) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� Unknown 278(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Jonathan Hakim 239(1) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Farhang Torki 279(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 239(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Farhang Torki 280(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 240(1) �������������������������������������������������������������� Vivek Philip Cyriac 281(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 240(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Vivek Sharma 282(1) �������������������������������������������������������������������� Tad Arensmeier 241(1)...... Javier Aznar González de Rueda 282(2) �������������������������������������������������������������������������Dick Bartlett 241(2)...... Gabriel Martínez del Mármol Marín 283(1) �������������������������������������������������������������������������Benny Trapp 242(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������ Rafaqat Masroor 285(1) ������������������������������������������������������������ Mehdi Rajabizaadeh 244(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 285(2) ������������������������������������������������������������ Mehdi Rajabizaadeh 245(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 287(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 247(1)...... Prathamesh Vinod Ghadekar 287(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 247(2)...... Prathamesh Vinod Ghadekar 288(2) �������������������������������������������������������������������������Benny Trapp 251(1) ����������������������������������������������������������������Moshe Klukowski 289(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Maik Dobiey 252(1) �������������������������������������������������������������������������� Tom Martin 289(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Maik Dobiey 252(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������� Bruno Gattolin 296(1) �������������������������������������������������������������������Brian Gratwicke 253(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 296(2) �������������������������������������������������������������� Xavier Bayod Farré 254(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 298(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� João Pedro Silva 255(1) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Avi ben Zaekn 299(1)...... Organization for Tropical Studies 255(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Avi ben Zaekn 299(2)...... Organization for Tropical Studies 256(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Maik Dobiey 300(1) �������������������������������������������������������������������������� Ken Clifton 256(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������Mario Schweiger 300(2)...... Carlton Ward Jr/CarltonWard.com 258(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 305(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������������Kamran Kamali 258(2) ������������������������������������������������������������������� Omid Mozaffari 308(1) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Borhan Riazi 260(1) ��������������������������������������������������������������Soheila Javanmardi 260(2) ��������������������������������������������������������������Soheila Javanmardi 261(2) �����������������������������������������������������������������������Farhang Torki
353 353 352 352 15...... Unknown 113(1)...... Kamran Kamali 163(1)...... Benny Trapp 16...... Ralph Gauer 114(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 163(2)...... Benny Trapp 17...... Kamran Kamali 116(1)...... Steven Anderson 165(1)...... Kamran Kamali 56(1)...... Elizabeth Nixon 117(1)...... Faraham Ahmadzadeh 166(1)...... Kamran Kamali 60...... Omid Mozaffari 117(2)...... Faraham Ahmadzadeh 166(2)...... E.A. Dunayev 61...... Omid Mozaffari 119(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 167(2)...... Kamran Kamali 62...... Omid Mozaffari 119(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 168(1)...... Mark Pestov 63...... Davide Bonadonna 120(1)...... Kamran Kamali 168(2)...... Mark Pestov 64...... Omid Mozaffari 122(1)...... Jon Boone 169(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 74(1)...... Rafaqat Masroor 122(2)...... Jon Boone 170(1)...... Kamran Kamali 74(2)...... Rafaqat Masroor 123(1)...... Kamran Kamali 172(1)...... Nader Karami 75(1)...... Faraham Ahmadzadeh 123(2)...... Kamran Kamali 172(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 75(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 126(1)...... Farhang Torki 173(1)...... Kamran Kamali 77(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 127(1)...... Kamran Kamali 173(2)...... Kamran Kamali 77(2)...... Kamran Kamali 127(2)...... Kamran Kamali 174(1)...... Kamran Kamali 78(1)...... Kamran Kamali 128(1)...... Farhang Torki 174(2)...... Kamran Kamali 79(2)...... E.Yakhontov 128(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 175(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 80(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 129(1)...... Behzad Fathinia 176(2)...... Nader Karami 81(1)...... Ajmal Hasan 129(2)...... Farhang Torki 177(2)...... Kamran Kamali 81(2)...... Gary Brown 130(1)...... Behzad Fathinia 178(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 83(1)...... Kamran Kamali 130(2)...... Behzad Fathinia 179(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 83(2)...... Kamran Kamali 133(1)...... Steven Anderson 179(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 84(1)...... Kamran Kamali 134(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 180(1)...... Benny Trapp 87(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 135(1)...... Farhang Torki 180(2)...... Benny Trapp 87(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 135(2)...... Farhang Torki 181(1)...... Alireza Naderi 89(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 137(1)...... Todd pierson 182(1)...... Moshe Klukowski 89(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 137(2)...... Todd pierson 184(1)...... Behzad Zadhoosh 90(2)...... Rafaqat Masroor 140(1)...... Kamran Kamali 184(2)...... Kamran Kamali 92(1)...... Kamran Kamali 141(2)...... Kamran Kamali 187(1)...... Benny Trapp 92(2)...... Kamran Kamali 143(2)...... Kamran Kamali 187(2)...... Benny Trapp 93(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 144(1)...... Alireza Naderi 193(1)...... Kamran Kamali 94(1)...... Mateusz Hajdas 145(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 193(2)...... Kamran Kamali 95(1)...... Bill Bouton 145(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 195(1)...... Kamran Kamali 97(2)...... Kamran Kamali 146(2)...... Kamran Kamali 195(2)...... Kamran Kamali 98(1)...... Farhang Torki 148(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 197(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 98(2)...... Farhang Torki 149(1)...... Mario Schweiger 198(1)...... Kamran Kamali 99(1)...... Kamran Kamali 149(2)...... Mario Schweiger 198(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 100(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 150(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 199(1)...... Kamran Kamali 101(1)...... Farhang Torki 150(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 201(1)...... Todd pierson 101(2)...... Farhang Torki 152(1)...... Valter Jacinto 201(2)...... Todd pierson 102(1)...... Farhang Torki 152(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 202(1)...... Jan Ševčík 102(2)...... Mostafa Moazeni 153(1)...... Taher Ghadirian 202(2)...... Rune Midtgaard 103(2)...... Farhang Torki 153(2)...... Taher Ghadirian 203(2)...... Kamran Kamali 104(1)...... Farhang Torki 155(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 204(1)...... Omid Mozaffari 104(2)...... Farhang Torki 155(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 205(1)...... Moshe Klukowski 105(2)...... Farhang Torki 156(1)...... Kamran Kamali 205(2)...... Nikola Rahmé 106(1)...... Faraham Ahmadzadeh 157(2)...... Hooshang Pahlavan 207(1)...... Kamran Kamali 106(2)...... Faraham Ahmadzadeh 158(2)...... Kamran Kamali 208(1)...... Kamran Kamali 107(2)...... Farhang Torki 159(1)...... Kamran Kamali 209(1)...... Thimindu Goonatillake 108(1)...... Kamran Kamali 160(1)...... Cosmin-Ovidiu Manci 209(2)...... Rhett A. Butler 111(1)...... Kamran Kamali 160(2)...... Tibor sos 215(1)...... Kamran Kamali 111(2)...... Omid Mozaffari 162(2)...... Kamran Kamali 215(2)...... Kamran Kamali
353 353 352 352 Title Page Latifi’s Viper...... 286 Radde’s Viper...... 287 Ocellated Mountain Viper...... 288 Field’s Horned Viper...... 289 Persian Horned Viper...... 290 Spider-tailed Horned Viper...... 291 Alborz Viper...... 292
Turtles & Tortoises Loggerhead Sea Turtle...... 296 Green Sea Turtle...... 297 Hawksbill Sea Turtle...... 298 Olive Ridley Sea Turtle...... 299 Leather-back Sea Turtle...... 300 European Pond Turtle...... 301 Caspian Turtle...... 302 Euphrates Softshell Turtle...... 303 Spur-thighed Tortoise...... 304 Horsfield’s Tortoise...... 305
Crocodiles Mugger Crocodile...... 308
Worm lizards Zarudnyi’s Worm Lizard...... 312
References...... 314 Appendix I...... 349
355 355 354 354 Title Page Spotted Wipe Snake...... 238 Andreas’ Racer...... 239 Barred Wolf Snake...... 240 Crowned Leaf-nosed Snake...... 241 Maynard’s Long-nosed Sand Snake...... 242 Derafshi Snake...... 243 Eastern Montpellier Snake...... 244 Ringed Snake...... 245 Dice Snake...... 246 Streaked Kukri Snake...... 247 Spotted Desert Racer...... 248 Dahls Wipe Snake...... 249 Braid Snake...... 250 Glossy-bellied Racer...... 251 Steppe Ribbon Racer...... 252 Schokari Sand Racer...... 253 Persian Dwarf Snake...... 254 Palestine Kukri Snake...... 255 Moila Snake...... 256 Royal Snake...... 257 Zebra Snake...... 258 Mediterranean Cat Snake...... 259 Desert Tiger Snake...... 260 Soosan Tiger Snake...... 261 Caucasian Rat Snake...... 262 Aesculapian Snake...... 263 Persian Rat Snake...... 264 Short Sea Snake...... 265 Annulated Sea Snake...... 266 Small-headed Sea Snake...... 267 Persian Gulf Sea Snake...... 268 Ornate Sea Snake...... 269 Yellow-bellied Sea Snake...... 270 Beaked Sea Snake...... 271 Yellow Sea Snake...... 272 Viperine Sea Snake...... 273 Central Asian Cobra...... 274 Desert Black Snake...... 275 Sindhi Thread Snake...... 276 Slender Blind Snake...... 277 Bootlace Snake...... 278 Eurasian Blind Snake...... 279 Desert Horned Viper...... 280 Saw-scaled Viper...... 281 Leaf-nosed Viper...... 282 Caucasian Pit Viper...... 283 Levantine Viper...... 284 Kuhrang’s Viper...... 285
355 355 354 354 Title Page Kurdistan Lizard...... 187 Zagrosian Lizard...... 188 Twin-striped Skink...... 189 Asian Snake-eyed Skink...... 190 Ocellated Skink...... 191 Schneider’s Skink...... 192 Parthian Skink...... 193 Blanford’s Snake Skink...... 194 Short-legged Snake Skink...... 195 Maranjaab Snake Skink...... 196 Kavir Snake Skink...... 197 Persian Snake Skink...... 198 Street’s Skink...... 199 Three-toed Sand Skink...... 200 Eastern Skink...... 201 Iranian Skink...... 202 Golden Grass Skink...... 203 Southern Grass Skink...... 204 Bridled Skink...... 205 Iranian Spiny-tailed Lizard...... 206 Mesopotamian Spiny-tailed Lizard...... 207 Egyptian Spiny-tailed Lizard...... 208 Indian Monitor...... 209 Desert Monitor...... 210
Snakes Slender Sand Boa...... 215 Common Sand Boa...... 216 Arabian Sand Boa...... 217 Indian Sand Boa...... 218 Dwarf Sand Boa...... 219 Tatar Sand Boa...... 220 Indian Gamma Snake...... 221 Smooth Snake...... 222 Black Whip Snake...... 224 Fire Racer Snake...... 225 Collared Dwarf Racer...... 226 Crowned Dwarf Racer...... 227 Striped Dwarf Snake...... 228 Ten-striped Dwarf Snake...... 229 Kerman Dwarf Snake...... 230 Dwarf snake...... 231 Asia Minor Dwarf Racer...... 232 Dotted Dwarf Racer...... 233 Dwarf Snake...... 234 Dione’s Snake...... 235 Blotched Rat Snake...... 236 Asian Racer...... 237
357 357 356 356 Title Page Misonne’s Spider Gecko...... 138 Iranian Short-fingered Gecko...... 139 Middle Eastern Short-fingered Gecko...... 140 Bedriaga’s Plate-tailed Gecko...... 141 Keyserling’s Plate-tailed Gecko...... 142 Baluch Plate- tailed Gecko...... 143 Banded Dwarf Gecko...... 144 Latifi’s Dwarf Gecko...... 145 Persia Dwarf Gecko...... 146 Steudner’s Dwarf Gecko...... 147 Blanford’s Fringe-toed Lizard...... 148 Bosk’s Fringe-fingered Lizard...... 149 Indian Fringe-fingered Lizard...... 150 Giant Fringe-toed Lizard...... 152 Persian Fringe-toed Lizard...... 153 Nilson’s Fringe-toed Lizard...... 154 Schmidt’s Fringe- fingered Lizard...... 155 Anatolian Lizard...... 156 Yassujian Lizard...... 157 Green-bellied Lizard...... 158 Alborz Lizard...... 159 Meadow lizard...... 160 Radde’s Lizard...... 161 Steiner’s Lacerta...... 162 Caucasian Rock Lizard...... 163 Reticulate Desert Lizard...... 164 Kavir Racer-runner...... 165 Steppe Runner...... 166 Sistan Race-runner...... 167 Reticulate Race-runner...... 168 Medial Race-runner...... 169 Maranjaab Race-runner...... 170 Kerman Race-runner...... 171 Striped Race-runner...... 172 Mountain Race-runner...... 173 Black-ocellated Race-runner...... 174 Alborz Eremias...... 175 Persian Race-runner...... 176 Pleske’s Race-runner...... 177 Strauch’s Race-runner...... 178 Central Asian Race-runner...... 179 Brandt’s Persian Lizard...... 180 Zagrosian Lacerta...... 181 Giant Green Lizard...... 182 Caspian Green Lizard...... 183 Blanford’s Short -nosed Desert Lizard...... 184 Persian Long-tailed Lizard...... 185 Snake-eyed Lizard...... 186
357 357 356 356 Title Page Afghan Ground Agama...... 90 Persian Agama...... 91 Slow Worm...... 92 European Glass Lizard...... 93 Western Leopard Gecko...... 94 Eastern Leopard Gecko...... 95 Turkestan Leopard Gecko...... 96 Persian Spider Gecko...... 97 Anderson’s Leaf-fingered Gecko...... 98 Werner’s Leaf-toed Gecko...... 99 Granular Leaf-toed Gecko...... 100 Gray Leaf-toed Gecko...... 101 Iranian Leaf-toed Gecko...... 102 Kermanshah Leaf-toed Gecko...... 103 Kurdistan Leaf-toed Gecko...... 104 Western Leaf-toed Gecko...... 105 Tangestan’s Leaf-toed Gecko...... 106 Zagrosian Leaf-toed Gecko...... 107 Thick-tailed Tuberculated Gecko...... 108 Baluch Rock Gecko...... 109 Comb-toed Gecko...... 110 Nikolsky’s Spider Gecko...... 111 Blanford’s Short-toed Gecko...... 112 Caspian Bent-toed Gecko...... 113 Werner’s Bent-toed Gecko...... 114 Bazman’s Bent-toed Gecko...... 115 Warty Rock Gecko...... 116 Kiabi’s Bent-toed Gecko...... 117 Nikolsky’s Long-toed Gecko...... 118 Persian Bent-toed Gecko...... 119 Keeled Rock Gecko...... 120 Sistan Angular-toed Gekko...... 121 Turkmen Bent-toed Gecko...... 122 Yellow-bellied House Gecko...... 123 Persian Gecko...... 124 Heyden’s Gecko...... 125 Romeshkan’s Gecko...... 126 Iranian Keel-scaled Gecko...... 127 Blanford’s Rough-scaled Gecko...... 128 Iraqi Keel-scaled Gecko...... 129 Ilam Keel-scaled Gecko...... 130 Kerman Bent-toed Gecko...... 131 Transcaspian Bent-toed Gecko...... 132 Jazmurian Bent-toed Gecko...... 133 Kopet Dagh Bent-toed Gecko...... 134 Lorestan Keel-scaled Gecko...... 135 Blanford’s Semaphore Gecko...... 136 Persian Gulf Short-fingered Gecko...... 137
359 359 358 358 CONTENTS
Title Page Reptiles...... 15 Skin and skin shedding...... 16 Reptiles evolutionary history...... 18 Key to the Lizards...... 28 Key to the Snakes...... 43 Key to the Turtles and Tortoises...... 49 Feeding and Digestion...... 52 Metabolism...... 53 Blood Circulation...... 54 Respiration...... 55 Kidneys and Urinary Ducts...... 56 Hibernation and Aestivation...... 57 Reproduction and reproductive behaviors...... 59 Defense mechanisms...... 60 Aggressive behavior...... 60 Camouflage...... 60 Mimicry...... 61 Death Feigning...... 61 Autotomy...... 62 Chemical Defense...... 62 Eyes...... 63 Olfactory Organs...... 63 Ears...... 64 Pit organs...... 64 The importance of reptiles...... 65 Threats to reptiles’ populations...... 67 Book guide...... 68
Lizards Indian Garden Lizard...... 74 Yellow-headed Agama...... 75 Black Rock Agama...... 76 Large-scaled Rock Agama...... 77 Caucasian Agama...... 78 Khorasan Agama...... 79 Small-scaled Rock Agama...... 80 Arabian Toad-headed Agama...... 81 Sunwatcher Toad-headed Agama...... 82 Black- tailed Toad Agama...... 83 Turan Toad-headed Agama...... 84 Striped Toad Agama...... 85 Persian Toad Agama...... 86 Gray Toad-headed Agama...... 87 Brilliant Ground Agama...... 88 Horn-scaled Agama...... 89
359 359 358 358 At first we would like to extend our gratitude to the friends and Institutes, who gave a worthy aid to raise the level of this book by donating their photographs, whose names presented in appendix 1. We wish to thanks colleagues and friend that helped us during the field trips for gathering information about reptiles whose names are: Esmaeil saeidi, Barbod Safaei Mahroo, Hanieh Ghaffari, Siamak Boroomand, Majid and Mirza Shambool, Esmaeil Jahangir-zehi, Alireza Naderi, Amir Mehdi Ebrahimi and Nader Karami. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to these great herpetologists for shedding the light on our way: Mohammad Latifi, Nasrollah and Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Steven C. Anderson and Theodore J. Papenfuss. In addition, acknowledgment is expressed to the following: Dr. Asghar Mohammadi Fazel, Deputy of natural environment and biodiversity of Department of the Environment (DOE), Delavar Najafi and Mohammad Bagher Sadough, former Deputy of natural environment and biodiversity of DOE, Dr.Hosein Mohammadi, General Manager of biodiversity and wildlife of DOE, Dr.Majid Kharazian Moghaddam, Deputy of biodiversity and wildlife of DOE, Dr.Asghar Mobaraki and Dr.Masoud Ebrahim Tehrani, Eexpert in charge in Herpetology division in DOE and Mohamadreza mohamadi Reptile Expert, Maryam Rajabi and Mohammad Taghi Azari, project experts, for their kind cooperation in preparing this atlas. Also, the authors would like to thank Dr.Haji Gholi Kami, for his valuable recommendations during the process of preparing this book. SID Unit Alborz Province (BS) Publishers
The Atlas of Reptiles of IRAN
By: Omid Mozaffari, Kamran Kamali and Hadi Fahimi Photographer: Alireza Shahrdari Panah Designer: Omid Nooshazar Photo editor: Kambiz Navidi Illustrator: Akbar Afshar Supervisor: Haji Gholi Kami Executer: Pouyandegan Mohit-e-zist Consulting Engineers Publisher: Iran Department of the Environment
All rights reserved by Iran Department of the Environment The Atlas of Reptiles of IRAN
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