Design of an Optical Terahertz Generator
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Taggants in Explosives (Part 5 Of
—. — Chapter Ill TAGGANT RESEARCH REVIEW —. .—— Chapter 111.–TAGGANT RESEARCH REVIEW **** **** *.*0 **** 9*** **** **** ***0 *0** **** **0 *****9 51 Taggant Development History ● **** **** **** 900* **4* *a **a********** 51 Identification Taggants. 51 Predetonation Only. 52 Radiological Tracers. 52 Chemical Assay. 53 Physical Taggants . 53 Summary. 56 Detection Taggants. 56 Vapor Taggants. 57 Summary. 58 Detection Taggant Sensor Systems. .......59 untagged Detectoin ● **** a*** **** **** e.** a*** **** *e* be********* 62 Vapor Detection. ..62 Differential Contrast Radiography . .. .....63 Excitation lnduced Emissions. .......64 Summary. .......65 Current BAFT/Aerospace Tagget ● **** 65 Program Status ... , . 65 Projected Schedule. ............ 68 Implementation Philosophy. ., . .......69 Identification Taggant Surviaval Teasting ● **0* **** **m* **09 *b** **em **0** 70 Boosters, Military Explosives . ., . .......71 Black and Smokeless Powders . .......72 Detonators and Detonating Cord . .......72 Summary. .......72 Chapter Ill TAGGANT RESEARCH REVIEW INTRODUCTION TAGGANT DEVELOPMENT HISTORY The idea of adding material to explosives to Identification Taggants enhance the predetonation detection and the postdetonation identification of explosives has Ideas for tagging materials to be used for been considered by various military and civil- identification of the source of explosives used ian agencies for at least 15 years. Some of the in criminal bombings and bombing attempts suggested material, such as radioactive iso- can be generally grouped into the following topes, would perform both functions, some four classes: could only perform one. A number of the con- 1. addition of materials that would not sur- cepts which have been proposed during that vive the detonation, but which would pro- time are briefly described in the following sub- vide information if a bomb were recov- sect ions. ered undetonated; 51 52 ● Taggants in Explosives 2. -
Thailand White Paper
THE BANGKOK MASSACRES: A CALL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY ―A White Paper by Amsterdam & Peroff LLP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For four years, the people of Thailand have been the victims of a systematic and unrelenting assault on their most fundamental right — the right to self-determination through genuine elections based on the will of the people. The assault against democracy was launched with the planning and execution of a military coup d’état in 2006. In collaboration with members of the Privy Council, Thai military generals overthrew the popularly elected, democratic government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, whose Thai Rak Thai party had won three consecutive national elections in 2001, 2005 and 2006. The 2006 military coup marked the beginning of an attempt to restore the hegemony of Thailand’s old moneyed elites, military generals, high-ranking civil servants, and royal advisors (the “Establishment”) through the annihilation of an electoral force that had come to present a major, historical challenge to their power. The regime put in place by the coup hijacked the institutions of government, dissolved Thai Rak Thai and banned its leaders from political participation for five years. When the successor to Thai Rak Thai managed to win the next national election in late 2007, an ad hoc court consisting of judges hand-picked by the coup-makers dissolved that party as well, allowing Abhisit Vejjajiva’s rise to the Prime Minister’s office. Abhisit’s administration, however, has since been forced to impose an array of repressive measures to maintain its illegitimate grip and quash the democratic movement that sprung up as a reaction to the 2006 military coup as well as the 2008 “judicial coups.” Among other things, the government blocked some 50,000 web sites, shut down the opposition’s satellite television station, and incarcerated a record number of people under Thailand’s infamous lèse-majesté legislation and the equally draconian Computer Crimes Act. -
Deep Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Excitation Enables Explosives Detection
Deep Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Excitation Enables Explosives Detection DAVID D. TUSCHEL, ALEKSANDR V. MIKHONIN, BRIAN E. LEMOFF, and SANFORD A. ASHER* University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 (D.D.T., A.V.M., S.A.A.); and West Virginia High Technology Consortium Foundation, 1000 Technology Drive, Fairmont, West Virginia 26554 (B.E.L.) We measured the 229 nm absolute ultraviolet (UV) Raman cross-sections detection, e.g., an object suspected of being a roadside bomb. of the explosives trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate Two remote detection methods are laser-induced breakdown (PETN), cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), the chemically related spectroscopy (LIBS)4,5 and Raman spectroscopy.6–8 Single- nitroamine explosive HMX, and ammonium nitrate in solution. The 229 shot LIBS spectra with excellent signal-to-noise ratio can nm Raman cross-sections are 1000-fold greater than those excited in the readily be obtained at distances of 30 m. However, because near-infrared and visible spectral regions. Deep UV resonance Raman LIBS is essentially an atomic emission method it is useful spectroscopy enables detection of explosives at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations and may prove useful for stand-off spectroscopic detection mainly for determining elemental composition; the method of explosives. lacks clear molecular specificity. In contrast, the Raman band Index Headings: Ultraviolet resonance Raman; Explosives; Energetic frequencies depend upon chemical bonding in the compounds materials; Absolute Raman cross-sections; Solution phase; Stand-off to be identified. Therefore, remote detection by Raman detection; Acetonitrile. spectroscopy offers the distinct advantage of chemical specificity and benefits from the ability to generate valid reference Raman spectra under laboratory conditions, against INTRODUCTION which spectra obtained in the field can be compared. -
Guide for the Selection of Commercial Explosives Detection Systems for Law Enforcement Applications
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice ABOUT THELaw LAW Enforcement ENFORCEMENT and Corrections AND CORRECTIONS Standards and Testing Program Guide for the Selection of Commercial Explosives Detection Systems for Law Enforcement Applications NIJ Guide 100-99 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Raymond C. Fisher Associate Attorney General Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General Noël Brennan Deputy Assistant Attorney General Jeremy Travis Director, National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij ABOUT THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AND TESTING PROGRAM The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is sponsored by the Office of Science and Technology of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), U.S. Department of Justice. The program responds to the mandate of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979, which created NIJ and directed it to encourage research and development to improve the criminal justice system and to disseminate the results to Federal, State, and local agencies. The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is an applied research effort that determines the technological needs of justice system agencies, sets minimum performance standards for specific devices, tests commercially available equipment against those standards, and disseminates the standards and the test results to criminal justice agencies nationally and internationally. The program operates through: The Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council (LECTAC) consisting of nationally recognized criminal justice practitioners from Federal, State, and local agencies, which assesses technological needs and sets priorities for research programs and items to be evaluated and tested. -
Bomb Planted at ASTV
Volume 17 Issue 20 News Desk - Tel: 076-273555 May 15 - 21, 2010 Daily news at www.phuketgazette.net 25 Baht The Gazette is published in association with Bomb planted at ASTV Leaders react to grenade at ‘yellow-shirt’ TV station PAPER bag contain- told the Gazette that the grenade INSIDE ing a live hand grenade was not the work of the red shirts. was found hanging “There is conflict within the Afrom the front door of PAD itself. For example, some the ASTV ‘yellow-shirt’ television PAD leaders have turned into network office in Phuket Town ‘multi-colors’. That’s a point to on May 11. consider, too,” he said. Bomb disposal police safely Phuket Provincial Police removed the device, an M67 Commander Pekad Tantipong said fragmentation grenade with its pin the act was probably the work of still in place, shortly after it was an individual or small group. discovered at 9am. It had been “I don’t believe this was wrapped in electrical tape and ordered by the red shirt leaders placed in a box inside a brown in Bangkok…I’m confident in Bank on Bird paper shopping bag that read saying this will not affect tour- As Ironman Les Bird’s Alpine “Save the World”. ism at all,” he said. climb nears, find out how he’s When detonated, an M67 Sarayuth Mallam, vice been preparing. has an average ‘casualty radius’ president of the Phuket Tourist Page 10 of 15 meters and a ‘fatality ra- Association, was less confident. dius’ of five meters; fragments CALM AND COLLECTED: A bomb disposal expert shows the M67 grenade. -
Nigeria's Mineral Resources for Wealth, Industry, Infrastructure and Life
NIGERIA’S MINERAL RESOURCES FOR WEALTH, INDUSTRY, INFRASTRUCTURE AND LIFE PUBLIC LECTURE DELIVERED Siyan Malomo FAS A NAS public lecture delivered January 2011 PREAMBLE I would like to begin by thanking the Chairman of the occasion, a former academic renowned geologists in its own right who has found time, within thereally buy period, and we all know that it is very busy, to accept to Chair thisevent. The Special Guest of Honour, Arc Musa Sada is equally, if not more, a very busy man and has shown his commitment to the development of science (including the environmental science) by travelling from Abuja, to honour this invitation. I would also like to pay tribute and remember those great scientists and illustrious men of honour, the fellows of the Academy who passed away in the last twelve months i.e. since the last general meeting of the Academy. These are Prof Oyenuga, Prof Adesola, Dr Amenechi, Prof Oladapo and of course the Grand Patron of the Academy: Alhaji Umar Musa Yar’Adua, GCFR, the former President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In preparing for this lecture, I was mindful of the charge that the audience will be both sci- entists and non-scientists. The challenge has therefore been to steer a middle course between high falluting equations or ideas in engineering geology or geotechnical engineering my special area of interest, which might interest the fellows. The alternative is something very bland for the wider public. Both have inherent risk of sending people to sleep. The one can bore the fellows to a deserved sleep after the retreat in Cotonou for Council member (and some fellows) and lunch, the other to a less deserved sleep but that which will come from a boring afternoon lecture. -
Guide for the Selection of Commercial Explosives Detection Systems For
2.5.3.8 EXPRAY Field Test Kit EXPRAY is a unique, aerosol-based field test kit for the detection of what the manufacturer refers to as Group A explosives (TNT, DNT, picric acid, etc.), Group B explosives (Semtex H, RDX, PETN, NG, smokeless powder, etc.), and compounds that contain nitrates that are used in improvised explosives. Detection of explosive residue is made by observing a color change of the test paper. EXPRAY can be used in a variety of applications, and although in some aspects it does not perform as well as many of the other trace detectors discussed in this section, it costs only $250. This very low cost, coupled with simplicity and ease of use, may make it of interest to many law enforcement agencies (see the EXPRAY kit in fig. 13). The EXPRAY field kit2 is comprised of the following items: - one can of EXPRAY-1 for Group A explosives, - one can of EXPRAY-2 for Group B explosives, - one can of EXPRAY-3 for nitrate-based explosives (ANFO, black powder, and commercial and improvised explosives based on inorganic nitrates), - special test papers which prevent cross contamination. Figure 13. Photo of the EXPRAY Field Test Kit for explosives Initially, a suspected surface (of a package, a person’s clothing, etc.) is wiped with the special test paper. The paper is then sprayed with EXPRAY-1. The appearance of a dark violet-brown color indicates the presence of TNT, a blue-green color indicates the presence of DNT, and an orange color indicates the presence of other Group A explosives. -
Luis Reyes SEESHOP6 Yearbook
Expertise side-lined: science, fraud and bogus molecular detectors in the Mexican ‘War on Drugs’ § Luis Reyes-Galindo** Abstract The paper presents a summarised chronology of the controversy surrounding the use of fraudulent handheld molecular detectors in Mexico, as well as the responses to the controversy from three critical sectors: the Mexican media, the different government branches and national scientific institutions. The paper also includes interview material with the most prominent critics and of the molecular detectors in Mexico and compares the voices of ‘scientific activists’ with the institutional responses. Finally, an analysis of all these different responses to the controversy is made, along with a short discussion of the relevance for expertise studies, as well as a critique of the application of existing expertise frameworks in developing country contexts such as Mexico’s. A brief history of molecular detectors Since the early 1990s, several devices marketed as handheld molecular detectors or using similar monikers began to be marketed in the police, security, rescue and military equipment market around the world. In 1993, after warnings from several law enforcement agents who had documented the widespread use of these seemingly miraculous apparatuses which were in fact nothing more than dowsing rods marketed under a veil of pseudoscientific jargon, the US government indicted the manufacturers of the earliest MD models – known as the Quadro Tracker – and subsequently banned their sale in the USA. Three years later the -
Improvement of Explosive Detection with a Fluorescent Sensor Using a Heating Device
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 87 ( 2014 ) 208 – 211 EUROSENSORS 2014, the XXVIII edition of the conference series Improvement of Explosive Detection with a Fluorescent Sensor Using a Heating Device Damien Rembelskia*, Christelle Barthet a, Céline Frénoisa, Geoffrey Gregisa aCEA, DAM, Le Ripault,F-37260, Monts, France Abstract There is a strong demand for a fast and reliable detection of explosives because of their use in most terrorist attacks. Chemical sensors, especially fluorescent ones, seem to fill the need in terms of reliability, cost and handling ability. In this paper, the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX or hexogen) using a heating device of the particles was studied. Two fluorescent sensitive materials were compared: diimine [1] and polycarbosilane functionalised with pyrene moieties at 50% (PCS-Py-50%) [2]. Both materials were shown to be sensitive to TNT and RDX vapours. The PCS-Py-50% material was the most promising for the detection of RDX because of a higher kinetics of interaction. © 2014 PublishedThe Authors. by Elsevier Published Ltd. byThis Elsevier is an open Ltd. access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/-review under responsibility of the scientific). committee of Eurosensors 2014. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Eurosensors 2014 Keywords : fluorescence, TNT, RDX, limit of detection, polycarbosilane, heating device. 1. Introduction In order to mitigate terrorist threats, the development of performant systems for the detection of explosives has increased since the last decay. -
Review of Explosive Detection Methodologies and the Emergence of Standoff Deep UV Resonance Raman Katie L
Review Received: 4 August 2015 Revised: 20 November 2015 Accepted: 21 November 2015 Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jrs.4868 Review of explosive detection methodologies and the emergence of standoff deep UV resonance Raman Katie L. Gares,† Kyle T. Hufziger,† Sergei V. Bykov and Sanford A. Asher* Due to terrorist use of explosive devices, intense interest has been directed towards the development of techniques and instru- mentation to detect explosives. A number of analytical techniques are currently under investigation for trace explosive detection. Several methods have been successfully commercialized including colorimetric kits, fluorescence quenching sensors, and ion mo- bility spectrometers that see widespread field use. A key limitation of all currently utilized field techniques is that they require close proximity or physical interaction with the object being analyzed. The ideal trace explosive detection technique would be able to detect trace amounts of explosives from a distance to ensure personnel safety. Laser-based spectroscopies are the only currently viable techniques that can be utilized to sense trace amounts of explosives at standoff distances. This review compares currently used explosive detection techniques with recently developed standoff methods. We emphasize the development of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for standoff explosive detection. This work has recently been enabled by advances in laser and spectrometer design. Trace explosive detection has also been advanced by the recently developed understanding of deep UV photochemistry for several explosive molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: explosive detection; standoff; UV resonance Raman spectroscopy; explosive photochemistry; lasers Introduction HMEs.[4] Solid rocket propellants typically use ammonium perchlorate [NH4ClO4 (AP)] as an oxidizer. -
Explosives Detection Technologies and Equipment 2004
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Survey of Commercially Available Explosives Detection Technologies and Equipment 2004 Author(s): Lisa Thiesan, David Hannum, Dale W. Murray, John E. Parmeter Document No.: 208861 Date Received: February 2005 Award Number: 96-MU-MU-K011 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Survey of Commercially Available Explosives Detection Technologies and Equipment 2004 Written by: Lisa Theisen, Ph.D. David W. Hannum Dale W. Murray John E. Parmeter, Ph.D. For: The National Law Enforcement and Correction Technology Center, a Program of the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice November 2004 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Tráfico De Armas
Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública TRÁFICO DE ARMAS Entorno, propuestas legislativas y opinión pública José de Jesús González Rodríguez Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública Documento de Trabajo núm. 183 Diciembre de 2014 Las opiniones expresadas en este documento no reflejan la postura oficial del Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública, o de la Cámara de Diputados y sus órganos de gobierno. Este docu- mento es responsabilidad del autor. Este documento es una versión preliminar, favor de citarlo como tal. Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública Organización Interna Rafael Aréstegui Ruiz Director General Francisco J. Sales Heredia Director de Estudios Sociales J. Guadalupe Cárdenas Sánchez Director de Opinión Pública Julio César Moguel Viveros Director de Estudios de Desarrollo Regional Ernesto Cavero Pérez Subdirector de Análisis y Procesamiento de Datos Eduardo Chávez Castro Coordinador Técnico Lucero Ramírez León Coordinadora de Vinculación y Difusión Mario Aguirre Mazón Efrén Arellano Trejo Roberto Aschentrupp Toledo Arón Baca Nakakawa Felipe de Alba Murrieta Gabriel Fernández Espejel José de Jesús González Rodríguez Benjamín Herrejón Fraga Rafael López Vega Salvador Moreno Pérez Yuriria Orozco Martínez Edgardo J. Valencia Fontes Investigadores Luis Ángel Bellota Elizabeth Cabrera Robles Natalia Hernández Guerrero Trinidad Otilia Moreno Becerra Karen Nallely Tenorio Colón Apoyo en Investigación Alejandro López Morcillo Editor José Olalde Montes de Oca Asistente Editorial Claudia Ayala Sánchez Corrección de estilo Documento de Trabajo, núm. 183, diciembre de 2014. Publicación del Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública de la Cámara de Diputados, LX Legislatura. Av. Congreso de la Unión 66, Edificio I, primer piso, Col.