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Listing of Output Wavelengths from Commercial Lasers

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Listing of Output Wavelengths from Commercial Lasers Appendix 1 Listing of Output Wavelengths from Commercial Lasers The table overleaf lists in order of increasing wavelength >. the emission lines of the most commonly available discrete-wavelength lasers over the range 100 nm-1O 11m. Although continuously tunable lasers are not included, the molecular lasers which can be tuned to a large number of closely spaced but discrete wavelengths are listed at the end of the table. Harmonics are indicated by x2, x3 etc. Other parameters such as intensity and linewidth vary enor­ mously from model to model, and no meaningful representative figure can be given. However, the annually updated 'Laser Focus Buyers' Guide' and 'Photo­ nics Buyers' Guide' both have comprehensive data on all commercially avail­ able lasers, together with manufacturers' addresses. 214 Appendix 1 Listing of Output Wavelengths from Commercial Lasers A/nm Laser A/nm Laser A/nm Laser 157.5 Fluorine 437.1 Argon 628.0 Gold 157.6 Fluorine 441.6 Helium-cadmium 632.8 Helium-neon 173.6 Ruby x4 454.5 Argon 647.1 Krypton 193 Argon fluoride 457.7 Krypton 657.0 Krypton 213 Nd:YAG x5 457.9 Argon 676.5 Krypton 222 Krypton chloride 461.9 Krypton 680 Ga Al In phosphide 231.4 Ruby x3 463.4 Krypton 687.1 Krypton 244 Argon x2 465.8 Argon 694.3 Ruby 248 Krypton fluoride 468.0 Krypton 722.9 Lead 257.2 Argon x2 472.7 Argon 752.5 Krypton 263 Nd:YLF x4 476.2 Krypton 799.3 Krypton 266 Nd:YAG x4 476.5 Argon 852.4 Calcium 275.4 Argon 476.6 Krypton 866.2 Calcium 305.5 Argon 482.5 Krypton 904 Gallium arsenide 308 Xenon chloride 484.7 Krypton 1053 Nd:YLF 312.0 Gold 488.0 Argon 1060 Nd:glass 325 Helium-cadmium 495.6 Xenon 1064 Nd:YAG 333.6 Argon 496.5 Argon 1092.3 Argon 337.1 Nitrogen 501.7 Argon 1130.0 Barium 347.2 Ruby x2 510.5 Copper 1152.3 Helium-neon 350.7 Krypton 514.5 Argon 1290.0 Manganese 351 Nd:YLF x3 520.8 Krypton 1300 In Ga As phosphide 351 Xenon fluoride 527 Nd:YLF x2 1313 Nd:YLF 351.1 Argon 528.7 Argon 1315 Iodine 353 Xenon fluoride 530.9 Krypton 1319 Nd:YAG 355 Nd:YAG x3 532 Nd:YAG x2 1500 In Ga As phosphide 356.4 Krypton 534.0 Manganese 1523 Helium-neon 363.8 Argon 539.5 Xenon 2396 Helium-neon 406.7 Krypton 543.5 Helium-neon 2940 Er:YAG 413.1 Krypton 568.2 Krypton 3391 Helium-neon 415.4 Krypton 578.2 Copper 3508 Helium-xenon 428 Nitrogen 595.6 Xenon 2608-3093 (21 lines) Hydrogen fluoride a 9160-9840 (45 lines) Carbon dioxide 3493-4100 (37 lines) Deuterium fluoride 10400-11040 (58 lines) Nitrous oxide 5090-6130 (14 lines) Carbon monoxide a 10070-11020 (50 lines) Carbon dioxide a) See Table 2.1, p. 41 for a detailed wavelength listing Appendix 2 Directory of Acronyms and Abbreviations Bearing in mind the origin of the word 'laser' itself, it is perhaps inevitable that the field of laser applications is associated with a plethora of acronyms and abbreviations. The use of these has, as a matter of deliberate policy, largely been avoided in this book. Nonetheless, abbreviations are common in the cur­ rent laser literature, and the following list has been selected to assist the reader. AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy ADP Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate AFS Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy AM Amplitude modulation AO Acoustic-optic ASE Amplified spontaneous emission AVLIS Atomic vapour laser isotope separation BBO Beta-barium borate BOXCARS Box (geometry) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering BW Bandwidth CARS Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering CCD Charge-coupled device CD Circular dichroism CDR Circular differential Raman (spectroscopy) CLSM Confocal laser scanning microscopy COIL Chemical oxygen iodine laser COMAS Concentration-modulated absorption spectroscopy CPF Conversion (of reactant) per flash CPM Colliding-pulse mode-locked (laser) CRT Cathode-ray tube CSRS Coherent Stokes Raman scattering CTD Charge-transfer device CVD Chemical vapour deposition CVL Copper vapour laser CW Continuous-wave DFDL Distributed-feedback dye laser DFT Discrete Fourier transform DIAL Differential absorption lidar 216 Appendix 2 Directory of Acronyms and Abbreviations DL Diffraction limited DLS Dynamic light scattering DOAS Differential optical absorption spectroscopy DPL Diode-pumped laser DPY Diode-pumped YAG (laser) DRIMS Double-resonance ionisation mass spectrometry EL Electroluminescent: Exposure limit EMR Electromagnetic radiation EO Electro-optic FDS Fluorescence dip spectrometry FEL Free-electron laser FFT Fast Fourier transform FIR Far infra-red FM Frequency modulation FPI Fabry-Perot interferometer FSR Free spectral range FTIR Fourier transform infra-red FWHM Full width at half-maximum GC Gas chromatography GDL Gas dynamic laser GTL Gas transport laser GVL Gold vapour laser HFS Hyperfine structure HOE Holographic optical elements HORSES Higher-order Raman spectral excitation studies HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography IC Internal conversion: Integrated circuit ICF Inertial confinement fusion ICP Inductively coupled plasma 1M Intensity modulation IPL Iodine photodissociation laser IR Infra-red IRED Infra-red emitting diode IRIS Infra-red interferometric spectrometer IRMPD Infra-red multiphoton dissociation ISC Intersystem crossing IVR Intramolecular vibrational (energy) randomisation KDP Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KLM Kerr lens mode-locking KTP Potassium titanyl phosphate LADAR Laser detection and ranging LAMMA Laser microprobe mass analysis LAMMS Laser microprobe mass spectrometry LAMS Laser mass spectrometer Appendix 2 Directory of Acronyms and Abbreviations 217 LAS Laser absorption spectrometer LASER Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation LEAFS Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectroscopy LEF Laser-excited fluorescence LC Liquid chromatography LCP Laser chemical processing LCVD Laser chemical vapour deposition LDA Laser Doppler anemometry LDV Laser Doppler velocimeter LEAFS Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectroscopy LED Light-emitting diode LEF Laser-excited fluorescence LFBR Laser fusion breeder reactor LIA Lock-in amplifier LIBS Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy LIDAR Light detection and ranging LIFS Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy LIGS Laser-induced grating spectroscopy LIMA Laser-induced mass analysis LIMS Laboratory information management system LIPAS Laser-induced photo acoustic spectroscopy LIR Laser-induced reaction LIS Laser isotope separation LITD Laser-induced thermal desorption LMR Laser magnetic resonance LOG Laser optogalvanic (spectroscopy) LPS Laser photo acoustic (or photoionisation) spectroscopy MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation MASER Microwave amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation MIS Metal insulator semiconductor MOS Metal oxide semiconductor MPD Multiphoton dissociation MPI Multiphoton ionisation MPRI Multiphoton resonance ionisation MVL Metal vapour laser NDT Non-destructive testing NIR Near infra-red NLO Nonlinear optics OA Optical activity OCR Optical character recognition OEM Original equipment manufacturer OGS Optogalvanic spectroscopy OMA Optical multichannel analyser OODR Optical-optical double resonance 218 Appendix 2 Directory of Acronyms and Abbreviations OPD Optical path difference OPO Optical parametric oscillator ORD Optical rotatory dispersion PARS Photo acoustic Raman spectroscopy PAS Photo acoustic spectroscopy PC Photocathode PCM Pulse code modulation PCS Photon correlation spectroscopy PDS Photodischarge spectroscopy PDT Photodynamic therapy PHOPHEX Photofragment excitation PM Polarisation (or phase) modulation PMT Photomultiplier tube PRF Pulse repetition frequency PRK Photorefractive keratectomy PSD Phase-sensitive detector PWM Pulse width modulation PZT Piezoelectric transducer QE Quantum efficiency QED Quantum electrodynamics QLS Quasi-elastic light scattering RAS Remote active spectrometer REMPI Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation RGH Rare gas halide RIKES Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy RIMS Resonance ionisation mass spectrometry RIS Resonance ionisation spectroscopy RLA Resonant laser ablation ROA Raman optical activity RRE Resonance Raman effect RRS Resonance Raman scattering SAL! Surface analysis by laser ionisation SEP Stimulated emission pumping SERS Surface-enhanced Raman scattering SFG Sum-frequency generation SHG Second harmonic generation SIRIS Sputter-initiated resonant ionisation spectroscopy SIRS Spectroscopy by inverse Raman scattering SLAM Scanning laser acoustical microscope SNR Signal-to-noise ratio SPM Self-phase modulation SRS Stimulated Raman scattering SSL Solid-state laser TDL Tunable diode laser Appendix 2 Directory of Acronyms and Abbreviations 219 TDS Time domain spectroscopy TE Thermoelectric TEA Transversely excited atmospheric (pressure) TEM Transverse electromagnetic mode THG Third harmonic generation TIR Total internal reflection TLV Threshold limit value TOF Time of flight TPA Two-photon absorption TPD Two-photon dissociation: Temperature-programmed desorption TPF Two-photon fluorescence TRRS Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy UHV Ultrahigh vacuum USLS Ultrafast supercontinuum laser source UV Ultraviolet VDU Visual display unit VLD Visible laser diode VUV Vacuum ultraviolet XUV Extreme ultraviolet YAG Yttrium aluminium garnet YLF Yttrium lithium garnet ZEKE Zero kinetic energy (photoelectron spectroscopy) Appendix 3 Selected Bibliography General References Few textbooks deal comprehensively with lasers in chemistry; most books dealing with the subject are multi-authored conference proceedings. Many of these provide a useful insight into highly topical fields of research, but are not particularly enlightening without a specialised background knowledge; for this reason
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