Sir Michael Tippett“ - Fortschritt Und Tradition „The World: My Country“ (5)

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Sir Michael Tippett“ - Fortschritt Und Tradition „The World: My Country“ (5) Musikstunde „Sir Michael Tippett“ - Fortschritt und Tradition „The World: My Country“ (5) Von Antonie von Schönfeld Sendung: 19. Oktober 2018 Redaktion: Dr. Ulla Zierau Produktion: 2018 SWR2 können Sie auch als Live-Stream hören im SWR2 Webradio unter www.SWR2.de, auf Mobilgeräten in der SWR2 App, oder als Podcast nachhören: Bitte beachten Sie: Das Manuskript ist ausschließlich zum persönlichen, privaten Gebrauch bestimmt. Jede weitere Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Urhebers bzw. des SWR. Kennen Sie schon das Serviceangebot des Kulturradios SWR2? Mit der kostenlosen SWR2 Kulturkarte können Sie zu ermäßigten Eintrittspreisen Veranstaltungen des SWR2 und seiner vielen Kulturpartner im Sendegebiet besuchen. Mit dem Infoheft SWR2 Kulturservice sind Sie stets über SWR2 und die zahlreichen Veranstaltungen im SWR2- Kulturpartner-Netz informiert. Jetzt anmelden unter 07221/300 200 oder swr2.de Die neue SWR2 App für Android und iOS Hören Sie das SWR2 Programm, wann und wo Sie wollen. Jederzeit live oder zeitversetzt, online oder offline. Alle Sendung stehen sieben Tage lang zum Nachhören bereit. Nutzen Sie die neuen Funktionen der SWR2 App: abonnieren, offline hören, stöbern, meistgehört, Themenbereiche, Empfehlungen, Entdeckungen … Kostenlos herunterladen: www.swr2.de/app SWR2 Musikstunde mit Antonie von Schönfeld 15. Oktober - 19. Oktober 2018 „Sir Michael Tippett“ - Fortschritt und Tradition 5 V. „The World: My Country“ „The World: My Country“ hat Tippett eines der letzten Kapitel seiner Autobiographie überschrieben - und so begegnet er uns auch, in seiner Musik wie in dem, was er schreibt - weltoffen und interessiert. Ich bin AvS, willkommen zu einer weiteren Begegnung mit dem britischen Komponisten! Während der Vorbereitung zu dieser SWR2-Musikstundenwoche bin ich es immer wieder gefragt worden: Wer ist Michael Tippett? Das kann man natürlich nicht in einen Satz zu fassen, also antworte ich, etwas lahm: Einer der wichtigsten britischen Komponisten des letzten Jahrhunderts, neben Benjamin Britten. ‚Ah, Britten!!‘ kommt es dann immer. Sogar eine Musik-interessierte schottische Freundin von mir erinnert sich an Tippetts Sendungen und Musik-Essays in BBC Radio 3 - aber von seiner Musik hat sie kaum eine Vorstellung. Sie befindet sich damit in bester Gesellschaft: Wenn ich Artikel in britischen Zeitungen über Tippett aus den vergangenen Jahren durchsehe, dann klingen schon die Überschriften ähnlich unspezifisch und Britten ist meist mit von der Partie. Da heißt es: „Michael Tippett – ein Visionär im Schatten seines Rivalen“ oder „Britten und Tippett – zwei Arten von Engländern“. Woanders finde ich: „Tippett, ein Komponist vieler Stile“ und auf die Spitze treibt es die Frage: „How great was Tippett?“ - „Wie bedeutend war Tippett?“ Um es gleich vorwegzunehmen: Im entsprechenden Artikel im „Telegraph“ wird dann herausgearbeitet, warum Tippett sehr wohl zu den bedeutendsten englischen Komponisten des letzten Jahrhunderts zählt. -Wenn es wiederum heißt, er sei ein „Komponist vieler Stile“, dann wird damit eines der Probleme angesprochen, warum sich Tippett im Gegensatz zu Britten als Komponist nicht leicht einordnen lässt: Brittens Musiksprache ist wiedererkennbar. Hans Werner Henze hat einmal gesagt, Britten sei bereits mit „seinem eigenen Stil auf die Welt gekommen“. - Bei Tippett ist das anders. In seiner Musik finden wir ausgesprochen unterschiedliche Stile: Dazu gehören genauso spätromantische Klänge mit breiten Streichern und kräftigem Blech, mit Harmonien, die mit schmerzlich-süßen Dissonanzen versetzt sind und dazu gehören auch barocke Techniken, Kontrapunkt und Fuge. Tippett hat ein Faible für vitale Rhythmen, die er gern übereinanderlegt oder gegeneinander verschiebt und manches klingt nach Blues, Jazz und auch mal Pop. Kaum eine Gattung lässt Tippett dabei aus, kaum ein Genre, in dem er nicht komponiert hat. Das reicht von den intimen Chören seines Oratoriums „A Child in Our Time“ über die komplexe, harsche, über weite Strecken dissonante Musik in seiner Oper „King Priam“ bis zu dem unbeschwerten Gestus im Finale seiner ersten Klaviersonate. - Wiedererkennen? Schwierig! Musik 1 Michael Tippett 4´35 CD1<8> 4. Satz: „Rondo giocoso con moto“ aus: „Sonata Nr.1“ Steven Osborne, Klavier CDA67461, LC 7533 „Rondo giocoso con moto“ – Steven Osborne mit dem Finale aus der ersten Klaviersonate von Michael Tippett. Tippett wird 1905 geboren und sein allerletztes Stück, ein kurzes Lied, komponiert er mit neunzig. Seine Kritiker haben es schwer mit ihm: Mit der pastellfarben-pastoralen Musik, wie wir sie von manchen seiner britischen Zeitgenossen kennen, hat Tippetts Musik nicht viel zu tun. Er kann weder mit den Reihentechniken der Zweiten Wiener Schule um Schönberg etwas anfangen, noch mit der Avantgarde der seriellen Musik in den 50er Jahren. Tippett gehört überhaupt keiner Kompositionsschule an und er hat im eigentlichen Sinne auch keine Schüler. Vorbilder gibt es viele, Stravinsky, Bartok, Purcell, Beethoven. Es scheint, als lerne und probiere er als Musiker sein 3 ganzes produktives Leben lang, immer im Austausch mit anderen und offen für das, was in der Welt passiert. Auch in der musikwissenschaftlichen Literatur ist der rote Faden eher eine Art von ‚Anti-Einordnung’. Tippetts Biograph Ian Kemp spricht von seiner „unity of pluralities“, von seiner „Einheit der Pluralität“. Und in einer stilistischen Untersuchung wird gefragt „Neues Material – oder altes Material in neuem Kontext?“ - Wir sollten einfach weg von diesem Klassifizieren, vielleicht macht Ihnen ja diese SWR2 Musikstundenwoche Lust und Sie hören sich weiter durch Tippetts Musik, von Lied zu Klaviersonate zu Concerto zu Oper. Es gibt einige neue Aufnahmen mit Tippetts Werken, u.a. die beiden ersten Sinfonien mit dem BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, und viele der älteren aus den 90er Jahren bekommt man antiquarisch. Auf eine Aussage über seine Musik aber stößt man immer wieder, ganz gleich ob in CD-Kritiken, Werkbeschreibungen oder persönlichen Statements: Tippetts Musik sei ‚direkt und unmittelbar’, und nie sei da so etwas wie ein ‚Schleier der Vermittlung zwischen Musik und Hörer’, seine Musik sei ‚präsent’. Das mag generalisiert sein und doch ist etwas dran: Ganz gleich, ob Klaviersonate, Opernarie oder ein a cappella- Chorstück wie „Dance, Clarion Air“, das Tippett zur Krönung von Elisabeth II. schreibt, mit dem ersten Klang hat er uns: Musik 2 Michael Tippett 3´43 <1> “Dance, Clarion Air” Madrigal für fünfstimmigen Chor a cappella Christ Church Cathedral Choir Ltg. Stephen Darlington NI 5266, LC 5871 „Dance, Clarion Air“ - ein fünfstimmiges Madrigal von Michael Tippett, a cappella gesungen vom Christ Church Cathedral Choir, die Leitung hatte Stephen Darlington. Zur selben Zeit wie dieses Madrigal für die Königin schreibt Tippett seine Oper: „The Midsummer Marriage“, sie ist sein erstes großes Werk für das Musiktheater. Schon 4 mit dem Titel deutet Tippett an, dass er sich auf Shakespeares „Midsummer Nights Dream“ bezieht, auf den „Sommernachtstraum“. Von da führt eine Verbindung zu Purcell: Der hat diese Geschichte seiner „Fairy Queen“ zugrunde gelegt. Und eine weitere Verbindung führt zu Mozarts „Zauberflöte“: Wie bei Mozart stehen sich in Tippetts „Midsummer Marriage“ ein königliches und ein bürgerliches Liebespaar gegenüber. Auf dem Weg zu einer glücklichen Verbindung aber müssen sie erst eine Reihe von Hindernissen überwinden. -Das gelingt natürlich und dabei spielt Magie eine große Rolle. Noch bevor „The Midsummer Marriage“ im Royal Opera House in Covent Garden uraufgeführt wird veröffentlicht Michael Tippett eine Suite mit den “Ritual Dances“ aus der Oper, den „Kultischen Tänzen“: Musik 3 Michael Tippett 4´10 <6+7> „Prelude“ (2´28) „Transformation and Preparation” (1´37) aus: “Ritual Dances from Midsummer Marriage“ BBC Symphony Orchestra Ltg. Sir Andrew Davis apex 857389098 2, LC 6019 “Prelude” und “Vorbereitung und Transformation“ für den Ersten Tanz aus den „Ritual Dances“ aus der Oper „The Midsummer Marriage“ von Michael Tippet. Britten und Tippett beschäftigen sich etwa gleichzeitig mit ihren ersten Opern, gehen dabei aber völlig unterschiedliche Wege. Auf der einen Seite Brittens dramatische Geschichte um den Fischer Peter Grimes. Sie spielt in einem Dorf an der englischen Ostküste, also in der Welt, die wir kennen. In Tippetts „Midsummer Marriage“ dagegen bewegen sich moderne Charaktere in einem seltsam magischen Raum. Von „Peter Grimes“ ist das Publikum begeistert, mit Tippetts übernatürlicher Welt aber tun sich die Opernbesucher schwer. 5 Magie aber ist das, was Tippett interessiert. Er liest William Blake und William Butler Yeats und hat selbst ein Faible für Mystik. Die Oper seines Freundes bewundert er sehr, doch für ihn ist „Peter Grimes“ „Englischer Verismus“. „The Midsummer Marriage“ dagegen ist eine „Quest“-Oper, hier geht es um Aufgaben, die auf dem Weg zu einem Ziel bewältigt werden müssen und letztlich um die Suche nach dem eigenen Ich. Neben den Sängern treten auch Tänzer auf, ein ausgelassenes Ballett, zu dem das Orchester schwelgerisch-lyrisch die Geschichte von Aufklärung und Liebe ausmalt. Das Libretto schreibt Tippett selbst und er greift hier Themen rund um Träume und innere Bilder auf. Traumdeutung und die Kraft aus dem Inneren sind für den C.G. Jung-Schüler essentiell, im Leben und in seiner Musik. Den ersten der „Kultischen Tänze“ hat er überschrieben „Die Erde im Herbst“: Musik 4 Michael Tippett 4´00 <8> The First Dance: „The Earth in Autumn“ aus: “Ritual Dances from Midsummer Marriage“
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