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WSTĘPNA KONCEPCJA BRONI TYPU PDW DLA POLSKI PRELIMINARY CONCEPTION of the POLISH PDW FIREARM 1. Badania Stanu Techniki W Dziedz

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WSTĘPNA KONCEPCJA BRONI TYPU PDW DLA POLSKI PRELIMINARY CONCEPTION of the POLISH PDW FIREARM 1. Badania Stanu Techniki W Dziedz Zeszyt 134 nr 2/2015, str. 23-40 ISSN 1230-3801 Volume 134 No 2/2015, pp. 23-40 WSTĘPNA KONCEPCJA BRONI TYPU PDW DLA POLSKI PRELIMINARY CONCEPTION OF THE POLISH PDW FIREARM Łukasz SZMIT, Ryszard WOŹNIAK, Mirosław ZAHOR Wydział Mechatroniki i Lotnictwa, Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna Faculty of Mechatronics and Aviation at the Military University of Technology Streszczenie: Jeden z kierunków rozwoju indywi- Abstract: Personal defence weapon (PDW) be- dualnego uzbrojenia strzeleckiego na świecie doty- longs to one of world trends developing personal czy opracowania broni (wraz z amunicją), przezna- firearm weapons (and ammunition) designated czonej do obrony osobistej, określanej w skrócie for personal defence [1]. The Institute of Arma- PDW (z ang. Personal Defense Weapon) [1]. Od ment Technology at the Faculty of Mechatronics 2013 r. Instytut Techniki Uzbrojenia Wydziału Me- and Aerospace from the Military University of chatroniki i Lotnictwa Wojskowej Akademii Tech- Technology has been conducting since 2013 nicznej prowadzi - w ramach projektu badaw-czego under the statutory research project No statutowego nr 845/WAT/2013 – badania teoretycz- 845/WAT/2013 a theoretical and experimental ne i doświadczalne w dziedzinie uzbrojenia typu research work on PDW to develop a conceptual PDW, pod kątem opracowania koncepcji polskiego design of the Polish submachine gun with some pistoletu maszynowego wraz z wybranymi elemen- selected components of design documentation to tami dokumentacji konstrukcyjnej, umożliwiającymi prepare a scale model by rapid prototyping wykonanie makiet broni metodą Rapid Prototyping. method. Przedstawiono niektóre wyniki badań stanu The paper presents some chosen results of the techniki światowej w dziedzinie pistoletów maszy- research at the state of the art in the field of the nowych klasy PDW, sformułowano wstępne wyma- PDW submachine guns and preliminary re- gania taktyczno-techniczne na polską broń tego typu quirements for this type of the Polish weapon oraz zaprezentowano projekt koncepcyjny pistoletu and the conceptual project of submachine gun maszynowego, który będzie bazą do dalszych prac which will be a base for further works in this w tej dziedzinie. domain. Słowa kluczowe: uzbrojenie, broń, broń strzelecka, Keywords: armament, weapon, firearm, subma- pistolet maszynowy, PDW chine gun, PDW 1. Badania stanu techniki w dziedzinie 1. Reviewing state of the art of PDW pistoletów maszynowych klasy PDW submachine gun category Broń klasy PDW ma służyć żołnierzom PDW has to be used by soldiers of armed (zwłaszcza służb logistycznych, załogom wo- forces (especially of logistic services, staff zów bojowych, obsługom broni ciężkiej i ze- of combat vehicles, operators of heavy and społowej), oddziałom specjalnym i antyterro- staff manned weaponries), special and anti- rystycznym, a także funkcjonariuszom odpo- terrorist units, and servicemen responsible wiedzialnym za bezpieczeństwo obywateli, for the safety of citizens at fighting generally głównie do walki na odległościach do 200 m. to the distances up to 200 m. This weapon W przyszłości mogłaby zastąpić pistolety i would replace in the future the pistols and pistolety maszynowe na typową amunicję submachine guns using typical pistol ammu- pistoletową (naboje 9x18 mm Makarow i nition (rounds 9x18 mm Makarow and 9x19 24 Ł. Szmit, R. Woźniak, M. Zahor 9x19 mm Parabellum) oraz subkarabinki na mm Parabellum) and carbines for untypical amunicję pośrednią (naboje 5,56x45 mm ammunition (rounds 5.56x45 mm NATO or NATO czy 5,45x39 mm wz.1974), ponieważ 5.45x39 mm model 1974) as the first of pierwsze z nich mają stosunkowo niewielką them have a relatively low efficiency of the skuteczność pocisku, drugie zaś – zbyt dużą round and the second ones have a bit high masę i gabaryty, co wpływa na ograniczoną weight and size what has a negative impact manewrowość ruchową broni. onto the weapon manoeuvrability. Należy podkreślić przy tym, że podobny It has to be stressed that the similar problem zauważono nie tylko w państwach problem was noticed not only within the NATO, ale również w Chinach, Indiach i Ro- NATO countries but also in China, India and sji. W dwóch pierwszych przypadkach opra- Russia. In two first cases new “small arms” cowano własną „małokalibrową” amunicję pistol ammunition was developed and in the pistoletową, zaś w przypadku Rosji zdecydo- case of Russia the Makarow pistol round wano o zastąpieniu naboju pistoletowego Ma- was replaced by own nonstandard version of karowa własną niestandardową wersją naboju Parabellum round both in the army and units Parabellum i to zarówno w wojsku, jak i jed- of internal ministry. The bullet 9N21 of the nostkach MSW. Przyjęty do uzbrojenia Rosji round 9x19 mm accepted into the inventory nabój 9x19 mm z pociskiem 9N21 ma lekki in Russia has a low weight (only 5.2 g) and pocisk (o masie zaledwie 5,2g) z rdzeniem the steel core at muzzle velocity 460 m/s. stalowym o prędkości początkowej 460 m/s. The maximal powder gas pressure is about Maksymalne ciśnienie gazów prochowych, 280 MPa what is a greater value than of CIP wynoszące około 280 MPa, zdecydowanie (235 MPa), SAMI (241 MPa), NATO (252 przewyższa wymagania CIP (235 MPa), MPa) and SAMI requirements for strength- SAMI (241 MPa), NATO (252 MPa) oraz ened ammunition 9x19 +P (265 MPa). In SAMI dla wzmocnionej amunicji 9x19 +P fact the Russian 9N21 and more “stronger” (265 MPa). Faktyczne rosyjskie 9N21 i jesz- armour piercing 9N31 (weight 4,1 g and cze „mocniejszy” przeciwpancerny 9N31 (o muzzle velocity of round 600 m/s) are the masie 4,1 g i prędkości początkowej pocisku equivalents of the US „extra efficient” am- 600 m/s) są odpowiednikami amerykańskiej munition +P+, designated only for state ser- „supermocnej” amunicji +P+, przeznaczonej vices that use guns specially adopted for this tylko dla służb państwowych, w specjalnie type of ammunition. The use of such type of dostosowanej do tego typu amunicji broni. ammunition in modern guns designed for the Użycie takiej amunicji w nowoczesnej broni use of typical 9x19 mm Parabellum round zaprojektowanej do typowego naboju 9x19 requires testing and moreover in older types mm Parabellum wymaga badań, zaś w star- of guns (especially pistols) it may be dan- szych typach broni (zwłaszcza „krótkiej”) jest gerous. niebezpieczne. The designs of firearms of PDW category Konstrukcje broni klasy PDW pojawiły się appeared in the beginning of the XX-th cen- już na początku XX w., a za ich pierwowzór tury and the German pistol Lange Pistole można uznać niemiecki pistolet Lange Pistole P08 (photo 1) with 200 mm barrel, addition- P08 (fot. 1) z lufą długości 200 mm, dostawną al butt, the sight having settings to 800 m kolbą, celownikiem z nastawami do 800 m i and developed later 32 round drum maga- dodanym później 32 nabojowym magazyn- zine may be identified as a protoplast of the kiem bębnowym. Broń przyjęto do uzbrojenia, family. The weapon had been taken into the jako środek do samoobrony żołnierzy jedno- service as a self defence firearm of artillery stek artylerii. Potem broń trafiła szybko do units. Later the weapon went to the aviation lotnictwa (jako broń pokładowa), później zaś (as the onboard weapon) and later to the in- – do piechoty i jednostek szturmowych. Nie fantry and to the assault units. An effort to powiodło się dostosowanie tej broni do strze- adapt this weapon for serial shooting had lania ogniem seryjnym w przeciwieństwie do failed in contrary to the “assault” version of „szturmowej’ wersji pistoletu Steyr M12. pistol Steyr M12. Wstępna koncepcja broni typu PDW dla Polski Preliminary Conception of the Polish PDW Firearm 25 Podobnie stosowany mógł być Mauser In the similar way could be used Mauser M712 Schnellfeuer, czy jego hiszpańskie M712 Schnellfeuer or its Spanish versions. wersje. W okresie powojennym pojawiły się In the post war period some following com- małogabarytowe pistolety maszynowe, takie pact submachine guns appeared: Russian jak: rosyjski APS (do naboju 9x18 mm Ma- APS (for round 9x18 mm Makarow) (photo karow) (fot. 2), czechosłowacki vz.61 „Skor- 2), Czechoslovakian vz.61 „Skorpion” pion” (7,65x17 mm), zachodnioniemiecki (7.65x17 mm), West German HK VP70M HK VP70M (9x19 mm Parabellum), polskie: (9x19 mm Parabellum), Polish wz.1963 wz.1963 „Rak” (9x18 mm Makarow) oraz „Rak” (9x18 mm Makarow) and model 1984 wz.1984 (9x18 mm Makarow) i wz.1984P (9x18 mm Makarow) and model 1984P „Glauberyt” (9x19 mm Parabellum). Kon- “Glauberyt” (9x19 mm Parabellum). Their strukcja wszystkich z nich jest zbliżona do designs are similar to contemporary PDW współczesnej broni klasy PDW, jednak wy- category but they use typical pistol ammuni- korzystują typową amunicję pistoletową. tion. Fot. 1. 9 mm pistolet Lange Pistole P08 Fot. 2. 9 mm pistolet maszynowy Stieczkina, (fot. The Borchardt&Luger Automatic Pistols) APS (fot. guns.ru) Photo 1. Pistol 9 mm Lange Pistole P08 Photo 2. Stieczkin 9 mm submachine gun (photo. The Borchardt&Luger Automatic Pistols (photo guns.ru) Dopiero w okresie wojny wietnamskiej It was just in time of the Vietnam War zauważono potrzebę stworzenia nowego when a demand for a new specialised round specjalizowanego naboju. Konstruktorzy was noticed. Designers of Colt Company de- firmy Colt opracowali dwie konstrukcje bro- veloped then two solutions of weapon: IMP ni: IMP (GAU-4/P) i SCAMP – obie bez (GAU-4/P) and SCAMP – both without the kolby, z tym, że IMP był w układzie bull- butt whereas the IMP used a bull-pup system. pup. IMP (Individual Multi-Purpose Wea- IMP (Individual Multi-Purpose Weapons)
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