Universidade De Brasília Instituto De Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História

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Universidade De Brasília Instituto De Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA Yuri Soares Franco A INFLUÊNCIA DO FORO DE SÃO PAULO NAS ESTRATÉGIAS POLÍTICAS DAS ESQUERDAS LATINO-AMERICANAS (1990-2019) BRASÍLIA-DF 2020 YURI SOARES FRANCO A INFLUÊNCIA DO FORO DE SÃO PAULO NAS ESTRATÉGIAS POLÍTICAS DAS ESQUERDAS LATINO-AMERICANAS (1990-2019) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade de Brasília, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em História Linha de Pesquisa: Política, Instituições e Relações de Poder Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Vidigal BRASÍLIA 2020 YURI SOARES FRANCO A INFLUÊNCIA DO FORO DE SÃO PAULO NAS ESTRATÉGIAS POLÍTICAS DAS ESQUERDAS LATINO-AMERICANAS (1990-2019) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade de Brasília, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em História Linha de Pesquisa: Política, Instituições e Relações de Poder Brasília-DF, 10 de dezembro de 2020. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Vidigal (orientador) Universidade de Brasília ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila Universidade de Brasília _________________________ Prof. Dr. Martin Léon Jacques Ibanez de Novion Universidade de Brasília Agradeço a Deus, a minha família e ao povo brasileiro por financiar a universidade pública. A cada um e cada uma que me auxiliou a realizar esta pesquisa, meu muito obrigado! “Meu partido É um coração partido E as ilusões Estão todas perdidas Os meus sonhos Foram todos vendidos Tão barato que eu nem acredito Ah! Eu nem acredito Que aquele garoto Que ia mudar o mundo Mudar o mundo Frequenta agora As festas do Grand Monde Meus heróis Morreram de overdose Meus inimigos Estão no poder Ideologia! Eu quero uma pra viver Ideologia! Eu quero uma pra viver” (Cazuza. Ideologia, 1988) RESUMO O Foro de São Paulo é uma organização política continental, criada em 1990 por partidos políticos de esquerda e progressistas da América Latina e do Caribe, que ainda está ativa. Na presente dissertação, foi analisada a influência que o Foro teve sobre as estratégias políticas das esquerdas do continente, desde sua fundação até 2019. Em um cenário adverso para as esquerdas, desde a queda do Muro de Berlim e a dissolução da União Soviética, em um contexto de hegemonia mundial do neoliberalismo, líderes da esquerda do continente lograram êxito em minimizar as suas diferenças estratégicas, táticas, teóricas, programáticas e organizativas para construir e consolidar um espaço conjunto para o debate e a articulação política continental. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar quais eram as críticas dos partidos integrantes do Foro referentes às organizações internacionais de esquerda que o antecederam, tanto as extintas como a Internacional Comunista ou as ainda existentes, como a Internacional Socialista e a Conferência Permanente de Partidos Progressistas da América Latina. O trabalho busca esclarecer o processo de consolidação e de delimitação geográfica e política do Foro, assim como a elaboração e o funcionamento de suas estruturas internas e processos deliberativos. A partir dessas premissas, o foco principal do trabalho se concentrou em analisar a influência que a organização teve sobre os partidos de esquerda do continente, especialmente no Partido dos Trabalhadores, e o quanto eles influenciaram o próprio Foro. Palavras-chave: Organizações internacionais partidárias; Partidos políticos; Esquerda; Foro de São Paulo; América Latina; Partido dos Trabalhadores; RESUMEN El Foro de São Paulo es una organización política continental, creada por partidos políticos de izquierda y progresistas de América Latina y el Caribe en 1990, que sigue activa. En esta disertación, se analizó la influencia que el Foro tuvo en las estrategias políticas de las izquierdas del continente desde su fundación hasta 2019. En un escenario adverso para la izquierda, desde la caída del Muro de Berlín, la posterior 6 disolución de la Unión Soviética y en un contexto De la hegemonía global del neoliberalismo, los líderes de las izquierdas del continente han logrado minimizar sus diferencias estratégicas, tácticas, teóricas, programáticas y organizativas para construir y consolidar un espacio conjunto para el debate y la articulación política continental. Esta investigación buscó analizar cuáles fueron las críticas de los partidos con respecto a las organizaciones internacionales de partidos de izquierda que precedieron al Foro, tanto las extintas como la Internacional Comunista, o aquellas que aún existen, como la Internacional Socialista y la Conferencia Permanente de los Partidos Progresistas de América Latina. Además de la creación, se abordó su consolidación y su proceso de delimitación geográfica y política, así como la organización de sus estructuras internas y procesos deliberativos. Con base en estas premisas, se realizó un análisis con respecto a la influencia que el Foro tuvo en los partidos de izquierda en el continente, especialmente en el Partido de los Trabajadores, y cuánto influyeron en el propio Foro, siendo este el objetivo principal de esta disertación. Palabras clave: Organizaciones internacionales partidárias; Partidos politicos; Política; Izquierda; Foro de São Paulo; América Latina; Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil). ABSTRACT The São Paulo Forum is a continental political organization, created by leftist and progressive political parties from Latin America and the Caribbean in 1990, which is still active. In this dissertation, the influence that the Forum had on the political strategies of the continent's left since its foundation until 2019 was analyzed. In an adverse scenario for the left, since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union and in a context of global hegemony of neoliberalism, leaders of the continent's left have succeeded in minimizing their strategic, tactical, theoretical, programmatic and organizational differences to build and consolidate a joint space for continental political debate and articulation. This research sought to analyze what were the criticisms of the parties regarding the international organizations of left parties that preceded the Forum, both extinct and the Communist International, or those still 7 existing such as the Socialist International and the Permanent Conference of Progressive Parties of America Latin. In addition to creation, its consolidation and its geographical and political delimitation process were addressed, as well as the organization of its internal structures and deliberative processes. Based on these premises, an analysis was made regarding the influence that the Forum had on leftist parties in the continent, especially in the Workers' Party, and how much they influenced the Forum itself, this being the main objective of this dissertation. Keywords: International party organizations; Political parties; Left; São Paulo Forum; Latin America; Workers Party (Brazil). 8 LISTA DE SIGLAS AIT -Associação Internacional dos Trabalhadores CIOSL – Confederação Internacional de Sindicatos Livres COPPPAL – Conferência Permanente de Partidos Políticos da América Latina CSBH – Centro Sérgio Buarque de Holanda CSA – Confederação Sindical das Américas CSL – Coordenação Socialista Latino-americana FA – Frente Ampla (Uruguai) FARC – Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia A FSM – Federação Sindical Mundial O FSM – Fórum Social Mundial FMLN – Frente Farabundo Martí de Libertação Nacional (El Salvador) FPA – Fundação Perseu Abramo FSLN – Frente Sandinista de Libertação Nacional (Nicarágua) FSP – Foro de São Paulo IS – Internacional Socialista MORENA – Movimento Regeneração Nacional (México) OLAS – Organização Latino-Americana de Solidariedade PRD – Partido da Revolução Democrática (México) PRI – Partido Revolucionário Institucional (México) PSTU – Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado (Brasil) PSUV – Partido Socialista Unido da Venezuela PT – Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brasil) URNG – União Revolucionária Nacional Guatemalteca URSS – União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas 9 SUMÁRIO RESUMO..................................................................................................................... 6 LISTA DE SIGLAS ...................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 11 METODOLOGIA ........................................................................................................ 23 CAPÍTULO I Contexto da criação do Foro e críticas às entidades predecessoras ..................... 38 1.1-O fim da URSS e de uma “retaguarda revolucionária” ..................................... 50 1.2-As relações internacionais do PT e da CUT ..................................................... 52 1.3-Críticas às entidades predecessoras ............................................................... 62 CAPÍTULO II Motivações dos partidos do continente para criar o Foro de São Paulo ................ 77 2.1-Os debates estratégicos ................................................................................... 82 2.2-As correntes políticas internas ....................................................................... 103 2.3-As subsecretarias e o Grupo de Trabalho ...................................................... 115 CAPÍTULO III Os partidos e o Foro: influências
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