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An Introduction to Litearatue

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An Introduction to Litearatue MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING TAY DO UNIVERSITY Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature AN INTRODUCTION TO LITEARATUE Compiled by: Phan Thị Minh Uyên 2016 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. Tran Cong Luan, the Principle of Tay Do University and my vice dean, M.A Nguyen Thi Diem Thuy the faculty of of English Linguistics and Literature to give me the great opportunity to compose this material. I especially thanks and gratitude to my committee for their continued support and encouragement: Dr. Nguyen Buu Huan, Dr. Thai Cong Dan, for their highly comments and advice. I also wish to extend my heartfelt thanks to my teaching staff, especially M.A Dang Thi Bao Dung, M.A Huynh Thi My Duyen, who assisted me in this course preparation. My completion of this project could not have been accomplished without the support of my dear students who studied the English courses III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. Their encouragement inspired me to complete this course package. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction to literature page A. THEORY 6 Unit One: Kinds of literature 9 Unit Two: How to read a short story and a poem 14 Unit Three: How to analyze a literature work 18 Unit Four: The five basic elements of plot structure 20 Unit Five: Main theme and view point of a short story 25 Unit Six: Setting and characters 28 Unit Seven: Style, mood and tone 31 Unit Eight: Language and literature; diction; form and content 33 Unit Nine: Basic elements of poetry 35 Unit Ten: Poetry types 39 Unit Eleven: Literary devices in a poem 47 Unit Twelve: A movie review; a short story review and a book review 53 B. SELECTED WORKS AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 57 Part I: PROSE Cemetery path byLeonard Q. Ross 57 Point of view by A. Averchenko 58 The kiss by Kate Chopin’s 60 The story of an hour by Kate Chopin 63 Tết by Ly Lan 65 The blind man by Kate Chopin 68 The necklace byGuy De Maupassant 70 Let’s go home by Dang Minh Chau 77 The day always belongs to the sun by Tran Thanh Ha 81Yesterday’s love by Nguyen Thu Phuong 85 Only one word by Dau Viet Hung 89 A daughter-in-law by Hoang Tran To Phuong 93 3 Part II : VERSE A prayer in spring by Robert Frost 98 Success is counted sweetest by Emily Dickinson 99 Before sleep by Catherine Anderson 100 Love after love by Derek Walcott 100 To you by Walt Whitman 101 Petals by Amy Lowell 102 Daffodils by William Wordsworth 103 Lines written in early spring by William Wordsworth 104 Part III: FURTHER READING 104 A. LEGENDARY 106 My Chau and Trong Thuy (Unknown) 106 Thach Sanh and Ly Thong (Unknown) 108 Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh (Unknown) 110 Tam and Cam (Unknown) 112 Cinderella (Unknown) 118 B. ALLEGORY The ant and the grasshopper (Unknown) 120 The dog and the shadow (Unknown) 120 The miser and his gold (Unknown) 121 The fox and the stork (Unknown) 122 The wolf and the lamb (Unknown) 122 C. MODERN STORIES The gift of the magi by O’Henry 124 Teardrop leaves by Que Huong 129 Enchanting moment by Cao Tien Le 134 A thief by Nguyen Minh Chau 139 Death wish byLawrence Block 144 The cactus by O’Henry 150 The last leaf by O’Henry 153 Charles by Shirley Jackson 158 The bet by Anton Chekov 162 The snob by Morley Callaghan 168 4 All summer in a day by Ray Bradbury 172 Appendix 179 Common symbols in literature REFERENCES 185 5 INTRODUCTION When students read or write a short story or a novel. They need to the ability of interpretation; they create a text which has their own world. Thus, this material is for their interpretative text as well as applying to their reading strategies of the original text. To develop your understanding a text, you need to have strategies for reading and interpretation. Some stories in this course may be easy to read, others may be hard. Some will immediately provoke a reaction; others will take more thought and discussion. This course is designed to help you develop effective strategies for reading a literary work. Objective: Literature is the art of writing, it requires the creative readers with effective strategies for reading and interpreting and analyzing. Students leaning literature are expected to express their comprehension though literary analysis and interpretation. This material aims to second- year students with a general knowledge about basic techniques for literary comprehension related to four skill interactions. What is literature? “When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language.” - James Earl Jones Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, “literature” is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Why do we read literature? Literature represents a language or a people: culture and tradition. But, literature is more important than just a historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature; we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow and evolve through our literary journey with books.Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author 6 says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the author’s message. In academic circles, this decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze literature, there is still an artistic quality to the works. Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. This course Introduction to literature is designed for third year student majoring in English of Literature and Linguistics Faculty at Tay Do University. It is expected that all the teachers feel free to select texts that are suitable for their teaching situation, reject other and supplement when necessary. Aims of the course to introduce students to the art of short story writing; to foster an understanding of various subgenres of the short story, through guided reading and interpretive commentary; and to encourage and guide students’ own experiments with the form through practical writing exercises Course content overview This course will begin with a consideration of what makes a short story - apart from its length - a distinct genre, introducing the elements which combine to produce the short story’s unique effect. Each week will focus on a particular short story (with reference to others) by one of the genre’s key exponents, to illustrate developments and variations in the genre. The story will also be used to demonstrate a technical aspect of short story writing. Students will discover how writers achieve certain effects and be encouraged to appropriate and experiment with these techniques in their own original writing. In this material, each unit contains a brief theory of the story’ structure. Many discussion questions from the selected works will be focused and analyzed. The information accompanying the text aims to help student to understand the text and can be used in a variety or circumstances such as individual preparation, group presentation or class discussion. 7 I hope you will take courage in your skills as a reader, realizing that the meaning of a text is not fixed in advance, but something that happens as you read, reflect, and discuss. Discussing what you read can be an adventure as you explore meanings. 8 A. THEORY Unit One: Kinds of literature Objectives After learning this unit, students will be able to recognize what literature is, and how to distinguish between fictional literature and non-fictional literature. A. Fictional literature Drama: Drama is the theatrical dialogue performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts. Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama. e.g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear that are famous because of its combination of tragedy and comedy. Problem play, farce, fantasy, monologue and comedy of manners are some kinds of drama. Tragedy: It is a story of the major character that faces bad luck. Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death of a person. The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer are the two famous Greek tragedies. Comedy: The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly. The elements used in the comedy are romanticism, exaggeration, surprises and a comic view of life. Melodrama: Melodrama is a blend of two nouns - ‘melody’ and ‘drama’. It is a musical play most popular by 1840. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is one of the most popular plays describing cruelty of labor life. It has happy ending like comedy. Tragicomedy: The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is tragicomedy. Prose Literature: History, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy writings, scientific writings, children’s literature authors and writers are included in Prose Literature. Myth: Myths are the fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it lacks scientific proof.
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