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Study of Output Lasers of Rhodamine 6G Pumped by N2laser

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Study of Output Lasers of Rhodamine 6G Pumped by N2laser Abdelrahman, Scientific Research and Impact, 3(2): 32-42, May 2014 Available online at http://www.scienceparkjournals.com/SRI (ISSN 2315-5396) © 2014 Science Park Journals Full Length Research Paper Study of output Lasers of Rhodamine 6G pumped by N2laser A.H. Abdelrahman Physics Department, Collage of Science& Arts Muznab, Gassim University, KSA Accepted 8 April 2014 Abstract: In this work, dyes (Rhodamine 6G) dye was dissolved in three different solvents (acetone, methanol and ethanol) with two concentration levels values (1.4 & 1.6) g/l). Optical properties of dyes solvents and solutions were successfully determined. These solutions optically pumped by N2 laser (337nm) using Hansch cavity configuration to produce laser. The results of these detailed found that the (Rhodamine 6G) dyeis so sensitive to use as a laser gain medium with the concentration 1.6g/l. The output peaks of Rhodamine 6G dye dissolved in acetone, ethanol but in methanol concentration (1.6, 0.8, and 0.4g/l) at (572.61, 574.05, 571.54, 575.12and 573.69nm) respectively. Keywords: Rhodamine 6g, laser, pumped, solvent Introduction Nowadays, the Dye lasers used in many applicationsas spectroscopy, medical, photochemistry. [1,2] The structure and composition of a laser dye has an important influence on the spectral emission from a dye laser. Many of laser dyes are available for use in the gain medium of a dye laser. Energy may be emitted from the ultraviolet to the near infrared by using different dyes. In this research,Rhodamine 6G dye pumped by N2 laser was used to determine the absorption and emission of it. Many different techniques have been used to excite the gain medium in dye lasers (another laser or flash lamb); this has led to the generation of an output beam of ultra-short pulses, in the femto second class, to continuous wave output from a similar dye laser scheme.[3] In the absence of shielding the interaction with the surrounding medium would cause non-radiative (collisional) decay to dominate. In that case, the energy lost when the electron jumps to the ground state would be transferred to the surrounding medium, thereby heating up the medium. [4] The use of solid matrices containing laser dyes is an attractive alternative to the conventional liquid dye solutions. The first solid-state dye lasers demonstrated stimulated emission from polymeric matrices doped with organic dyes. However work on solid-state dye lasers was not pursued for over a decade due to low lasing efficiencies and fast photo degradation of the dye. The structure and composition of a laser dye has an important influence on the spectral emission from a dye laser[5]. Many of laser dyes are available for use in the gain medium of a dye laser. Energy may be emitted from the ultraviolet to the near infrared by using different dyes. ___________________________________ Correspondence Email:: [email protected] . Solvents Solvents and solutes can be broadly classified into polar and non-polar. The polarity can be measured as the dielectric constant or the dipole moment of a compound. The polarity of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. Asa rule of thumb, polar solvents dissolve polar compounds best and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best: Laser dyes often dissolve in arrange of solvents, in fact, the solvent can have a very strong influence on the emission, governing of output power, as well as influencing the rate of degradation of the dye solution. Prepared laser dye solutions usually contain very small quantities of dye. Typical dye concentrations are 102 to 105 molar. Lasing wavelength and energy are very sensitive to the choice of solvent. Most laser dyes are polar molecules, and excitation into their lowest-lying singlet state is accompanied by an increase in the dipole moment. Accordingly, solvent polarity plays an important role in shifting lasing wavelength. In majority of circumstances, increasing solvent polarity will shift the gain curve towared longer wavelength. In the case of more polar dyes, the shift can be as high as 20-60 nm. Although very often a specific is recommended for use with a particularly dye, it is important to recognize that other solvents can also be used, particularly if the user is interested in shifting the gain curve to different wavelengths. The most common solvent in everyday live is water. Most other commonly used solvents are organic chemicals. These are called organic solvents. Solvents usually have low boiling point and evaporate easily, or can be removed by distillation, thereby leaving the dissolved substance behind. Solvents should therefore not react chemically with the dissolved compounds. Solvents can also be used to extract soluble compounds from a mixture. Solvents are usually clear and colorless liquids and many of them have a characteristic Oder. The concentration of a solution is the amount of compound that is dissolved in a certain volume of solvent. The solubility is the maximal amount of compound that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature. Different solvents cause slight shifts in the energy levels of dye molecules, leading to slight variations in the radiative spectrum of those molecules. In order to be used in a dye laser, the solvents must be transparent for both the pump radiation and the laser wavelength (9, 15). We used three different solvents in this work. Acetone This chemical compound (also known as propane, dimethly1 ketones) is the simplest representative of the ketones. The molecular formula of it is CH3COCH3. Acetone is a colorless, mobile, flammable liquid with melting point of -95.4 C and boiling point of 56.53 C. It has a relative density of 0.819 (at 0 C). It is readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, etc, and itself serves as an important solvent. [6] Methanol Methanol, known as methyl alcohol, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It can be described as colorless and poisonous liquid with a distinctive smell, so it should be kept carefully. We must put the methanol in suitable containers tightly closed and keep it away from sources of ignition because it is a volatile and flammable solvent. It is a polar solvent used to dissolve laser dyes like cyanine and Rhoda mines and it can be used as antifreeze. It can be considered as an ideal solvent for UV-pumped dye lasers because of its transparency. Methanol is usually containing 0.01-0.04% water[4,6]. Ethanol Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or green alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound. Its molecular formula is C2H6O. At the molecular level, liquid ethanol consists of hydrogen-bonded pairs of ethanol molecules. Ethanol is used as a solvent in dissolving laser dyes. Ethanol can dissolve both polar and non-polar substances. Organic solids of low molecular weight are usually soluble in ethanol. Among ionic compounds, many monovalent salts are at least somewhat soluble in ethanol, with salts of large, polarizable ions being more soluble than salts of smaller ions. Most salts of polyvalent ions are practically insoluble in ethanol. [6] In addition, like the methanol, it should be placed in suitable containers appropriately labeled. Criteria for the choice of appropriate solvents for laser dyes are 1. The solvent must be transparent at the pump wavelength and the emission wavelength of the dye laser. 2. The dye should be soluble in the solvent under consideration. 3. The solvent must be photo chemicallystablewhen exposed to the pump light (15). Literature review In 2000 Ulrich Brack Mann studied the absorption and emission of Coumarin 500 and Rhodamine 6G dyes and determines the Absorption maximum of coumarin500 in ethanol is 395nm and the emission peak is 503 nm with concentration 1.4g/l and the efficient laser dye for pulsed operation tunable around 500nm. In addition, Rhodamine 6G absorbance maximum wavelength is 530and the emission is 556nm.When this dye pumped by nitrogen laser, and the emission peak is 581nm in methanol with concentration 1.6g/l.Moreover, the efficient laser dye for pulsed operation tunable around 590nm [4]. Bushra Ahmed Izeerig in 2011 studied the enhanced optical properties of coumarin500 dye blended with gum Arabic. This study presented the effect of gum Arabic on the absorption and emission spectrum of coumarin500 dye and found the emission peak is 499.2nm [7]. Experimentalsetup In this chapter, all materials used in the experiments and the procedureare described. Rhodamine 6G Dye was defined as an organic compound which can absorb and emit not in the visible spectrum only but also in the ultraviolet and near infrared. Here we used two different dyes dissolved in two different concentrations (1.4 and 1.6g/l) [4]. Rhodamine 6Gis afamily of related chemical compounds, fluorine dyes,examples are Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G.The chemical formula of this dye is C28H31N2O3Cl as shown in Fig.(1).Its molecular weight (mw) is 479.02g/mol, and its appearance is red solid. The absorbance maximum wavelength is 530and the emission is 556nm.When this dye pumped by nitrogen laser, and the emission peak is 581nm in methanol with concentration 1.6g/l.Moreover, the efficient laser dye for pulsed operation tunable around 590nm [4]. Fig. (1) Chemical formula of Rhodamine dye. UV-VIS spectrophotometer This device was used to measure the absorption and the transmission of the solutions and solvents before using in cavity its covering a wavelength from 190-1100 nm with auto lamp switch from visible to ultraviolet range. UV- VIS spectrophotometer from SHIMADZO contains a cell of thickness 0.1mm as a sample holder.
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