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Evaluation of Small Brominated Alkyl Alcohols for a Possible Rohs Restriction

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www.oeko.de Evaluation of small brominated alkyl alcohols for a possible RoHS restriction Final Report December 2017 Substance Name: Small brominated alkyl alcohols (group) EC Number(s): 202-480-9; 202-489-8; 243-029-6; 627-179-3; 221-967-7; 622-370-8; 253- 057-0; further substances not associated with EC numbers detailed in Appendix I CAS Number(s): 96-13-9; 96-21-9; 106023-63-6; 19398-47-1; 79033-40-2; 4021-75-4; 87018- 30-2; 35330-59-7; 14396-65-7; 855236-37-2; 87018-38-0; 105100-80-9; 213821-22-8; 408319-76-6; 159475-15-7; 343268-04-2; 76377-07-6; 59287-66-0; 856991-78-1; 100606-66-4; 213821-20-6; 98069-26-2; 3296-90-0; 44804-46-8; 1522-92-5; 36483-57-5; further substances not associated with CAS numbers detailed in Appendix I Authors Head Office Freiburg P.O. Box 17 71 79017 Freiburg Oeko-Institut e.V. Street address Merzhauser Strasse 173 Yifaat Baron 79100 Freiburg Katja Moch Tel. +49 761 45295-0 Carl-Otto Gensch Office Berlin Schicklerstrasse 5-7 COWI AS 10179 Berlin Tel. +49 30 405085-0 Jesper Kjølholt Office Darmstadt Sonja Hagen Mikkelsen Rheinstrasse 95 64295 Darmstadt Tel. +49 6151 8191-0 [email protected] www.oeko.de Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document Table of Contents List of Tables 7 Abbreviations 9 Background 10 1. Identification, Classification and Labelling, Legal Status and Use Restrictions 11 1.1. Identification 11 1.1.1. Name, other identifiers, and composition of the substance 11 1.1.2. Physico-chemical properties 16 1.2. Classification and labelling status 19 1.3. Legal status and use restrictions 21 1.3.1. Regulation of the substance under REACH 21 1.3.2. Other legislative measures 21 1.3.3. Non-governmental initiatives 22 2. Use in electrical and electronic equipment 24 2.1. 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9), synonym: 2,3-dibromo-1- propanol 24 2.1.1. Function of the substance 24 2.1.2. Types of applications / types of materials 25 2.1.3. Quantities of the substance used 25 2.2. 1,3-dibromopropan-2-ol (CAS: 96-21-9) 26 2.2.1. Function of the substance 26 2.2.2. Types of applications / types of materials 26 2.2.3. Quantities of the substance used 26 2.3. 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0), Synonyms: Dibromo-neopentyl-glycol, 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 26 2.3.1. Function of the substance 26 2.3.2. Types of applications / types of materials 26 2.3.3. Quantities of the substance used 28 2.4. 3-Bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1-propanol (CAS 1522-92-5) and 2,2- dimethylpropan-1-ol (CAS: 36483-57-5), tribromo derivative, synonyms: Tribromoneopentyl alcohol 29 2.4.1. Function of the substance 29 2.4.2. Types of applications 29 2.4.3. Quantities of the substance used 30 2.5. General Information for small brominated alkyl alcohols 31 3 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document 2.5.1. Named uses in materials: 31 2.5.2. Named uses in applications: 31 2.5.3. Information from umbrella specifications for EEE components 33 2.5.4. Information gathered through stakeholder consultation 36 2.6. Summary of information on uses of small brominated alkyl alcohols 38 3. Human health hazard profile 40 3.1. 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 40 3.1.1. Critical endpoint 40 3.1.2. Existing Guidance values (DNELs, OELs) 40 3.2. 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9) and 1,3-dibromopropan-2-ol (CAS: 96-21-9) 41 3.2.1. Critical endpoint 41 3.2.2. Existing Guidance values (DNELs, OELs) 41 3.3. 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 41 3.3.1. Critical endpoint 41 3.3.2. Existing Guidance values (DNELs, OELs) 42 3.4. Summary on health hazards 43 3.5. Derivation of guidance values 43 4. Environmental hazard profile 46 4.1. 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 46 4.1.1. Environmental fate 46 4.1.2. Environmental effects 47 4.1.3. Existing guidance values (PNECs) 47 4.1.4. PBT and vPvB assessment 48 4.2. 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9) and 1,3-dibromopropan-2-ol (CAS: 96-21-9) 48 4.2.1. Environmental fate 48 4.2.2. Environmental effects 49 4.2.3. Existing guidance values (PNECs) 49 4.2.4. PBT and vPvB assessment 49 4.3. 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 50 4.3.1. Environmental fate 50 4.3.2. Environmental effects 51 4.3.3. Existing guidance values (PNECs) 51 4.3.4. PBT and vPvB assessment 52 4 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document 4.3.5. Summary on environmental hazards 52 5. WASTE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 54 5.1. Description of waste streams 54 5.1.1. Main materials where the substance is contained 54 5.1.2. WEEE categories containing the substance 54 5.2. Applied waste treatment processes 55 5.2.1. Initial treatment processes applied to the WEEE containing the substance of concern 56 5.2.2. Treatment processes applied to wastes derived from WEEE containing the substance of concern 57 5.3. Waste treatment processes relevant for assessment under RoHS 58 5.3.1. Initial treatment processes applied to the WEEE containing the substance of concern relevant for assessment under RoHS 58 5.3.2. Treatment processes applied to wastes derived from WEEE containing the substance of concern relevant for assessment under RoHS 58 5.4. Releases from (relevant) WEEE treatment processes 58 6. EXPOSURE ESTIMATION DURING WEEE TREATMENT 59 6.1. Basis of exposure estimation 59 6.2. Human exposure estimation 61 6.3. Environmental exposure estimation 62 7. IMPACT AND RISK EVALUATION 64 8. ALTERNATIVES 65 8.1. Availability of substitutes / alternative technologies 65 8.2. Hazardous properties of substitutes 66 8.3. Data basis for alternatives and uncertainties 68 9. DESCRIPTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 69 9.1. Approach and assumptions 69 9.2. Impact on chemicals industry 69 9.3. Impact on EEE producers 70 9.4. Impact on EEE users 70 9.5. Impact on waste management 70 9.6. Impact on administration 70 9.7. Total socio-economic impact 71 10. RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION OF THE SUBSTANCE IN ANNEX II OF ROHS 72 5 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document 11. List of References 73 12. Appendix I: List of substances identified in the scope of the „small brominated alkyl alcohols“ group 77 13. Appendix II: Stakeholder contribution to stakeholder consultation 85 6 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document List of Tables Table 1-1: Substance identity and composition 11 Table 1-2: Substance identity and composition 12 Table 1-3: SBAA with lacking information on substance identity and composition 14 Table 1-4: Overview of physico-chemical properties of SBAA 16 Table 1-5: Overview of physico-chemical properties 17 Table 1-6: Classification according to part 3 of Annex VI, Table 3.1 (list of harmonized classification and labelling of hazardous substances) of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 19 Table 1-7: Overview on self-classification 20 Table 1-8: U.S. EPA Regulations 22 Table 2-1: Use of resins in EEE components, as specified in umbrella specifications published by ZVEI 34 Table 2-2: Summary of stakeholder contributions 36 Table 3-1: Guidance values for 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 41 Table 3-2: Existing guidance values for 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative; TBNPA (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 42 Table 3-3: DMEL calculation for 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9) 44 Table 3-4: DMEL calculation for 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 45 Table 4-1: Data for 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 46 Table 4-2: Data for 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 47 Table 4-3: Data for 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol (CAS: 3296-90-0) 47 Table 4-4: Data for 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9) and 1,3- dibromopropan-2-ol (CAS: 96-21-9) 48 Table 4-5: Data for 2,3-dibromopropan-1-ol (CAS: 96-13-9) and 1,3- dibromopropan-2-ol (CAS: 96-21-9) 49 Table 4-6: Data for 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 50 Table 4-7: Data for 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 51 Table 4-8: Data for 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, tribromo derivative (CAS: 36483-57-5 and 1522-92-5) 51 Table 5-1: Initial treatment processes applied 56 Table 5-2: Treatment processes for wastes derived from WEEE 57 Table 8-1: Screening Level Hazard Summary for Reactive Flame-Retardant Chemicals & Resins 67 Table 8-2: Screening Level Hazard Summary for Additive Flame-Retardant Chemicals 68 Table 12-1: Appendix I: List of substances identified in the scope of the „small brominated alkyl alcohols“ group 77 7 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document 8 Restriction of small brominated alkyl alcohols under RoHS 2 – Background document Abbreviations BFR Brominated flame retardant BSEF Bromine Science Environmental Forum CAS number A CAS Registry Number, also referred to as CASRN or CAS Number, is a unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature CIAJ The Communications and Information Network Association of Japan CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Danish EPA Danish Environmental Protection Agency DTU Food Danish Technical University, National Food Institute EC number The European Community number (EC Number) is a unique seven-digit identifier that was assigned to substances for regulatory purposes within the European Union by the European Commission.
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    Europaisches Patentamt (19) J European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 698 393 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 158(3) EPC (43) Date of publication: (51) IntCI.6: A61K 47/10 28.02.1996 Bulletin 1996/09 (86) International application number: PCT/JP94/00800 (21) Application number: 94915266.4 (87) International publication number: WO 94/26309 (22) Date of filing: 18.05.1994 (24.1 1 .1 994 Gazette 1 994/26) (84) Designated Contracting States: • HIRANO, Munehiko, AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI NL PT SE Hisamitsu Pharm. Co., Inc. Tosu-shi, Saga 841 (JP) (30) Priority: 19.05.1993 JP 139224/93 • SHOHO, Koki, Hisamitsu Pharm. Co., Inc. (71) Applicant: HISAMITSU PHARMACEUTICAL CO. Tosu-shi, Saga 841 (JP) INC. • ODA, Hideshi, Tosu-shi Saga 841 (JP) Hisamitsu Pharm. Co., Inc. Tosu-shi, Saga 841 (JP) Inventors: (72) • TATEISHI, Tetsuro, • NAKAGWA, Akira, Hisamitsu Pharm. Co., Inc. Hisamitsu Pharm. Inc. Co., Tosu-shi, Saga 841 (JP) Tosu-shi, Saga 841 (JP) (74) Representative: Modiano, Guido, Dr.-lng. et al D-80469 Munchen (DE) (54) SOLUBILIZING AGENT AND EXTERNAL PREPARATION CONTAINING THE SAME (57) A solubilizing agent for an active ingredient which comprises 3-/-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol and an absorption external preparation containing said solubilizing agent rate (%) and an active ingredient. 15 Example 9 10 Comparative Example 6 5 k CO <7> CO F i g, CO <7> CO o Q_ LU Printed by Rank Xerox (UK) Business Services 2.9.9/3.4 EP 0 698 393 A1 Description Technical Field 5 The present invention relates to a solubilizing agent or solubilizer for a pharmaceutical^ effective ingredient and an external preparation containing the solubilizer.
  • Microbial Volatile Emissions As Insect Semiochemicals

    Microbial Volatile Emissions As Insect Semiochemicals

    Microbial Volatile Emissions as Insect Semiochemicals Thomas Seth Davis, Tawni L. Crippen, Richard W. Hofstetter & Jeffery K. Tomberlin Journal of Chemical Ecology ISSN 0098-0331 J Chem Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10886-013-0306-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy J Chem Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10886-013-0306-z Microbial Volatile Emissions as Insect Semiochemicals Thomas Seth Davis & Tawni L. Crippen & Richard W. Hofstetter & Jeffery K. Tomberlin Received: 9 April 2013 /Revised: 28 May 2013 /Accepted: 4 June 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract We provide a synthesis of the literature describing are conserved across large taxonomic groupings of microor- biochemical interactions between microorganisms and insects ganisms. In addition, there is substantial functional redundan- by way of microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) cy in MVOCs: fungal tissues commonly produce polyketides production.