Melbourne School

of Population Health

Annual Report 2007 Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences

Melbourne School of Population Health

Annual report 2007

MSPH SUMMARY REPORT 1

CENTRE FOR MEGA EPIDEMIOLOGY 25

CENTRE FOR HEALTH & SOCIETY 33

KEY CENTRE FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH IN SOCIETY 37

McCAUGHEY CENTRE 47

CENTRE FOR HEALTH POLICY, PROGRAMS & ECONOMICS 61

CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH 79

SEXUAL HEALTH UNIT 83 VACCINE AND IMMUNISATION RESEARCH GROUP 89

Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Melbourne School of Population Health MSPH

Summary Report 2007

Overview Message from the The Melbourne School of Population Health’s vision is to inculcate Head Of School a population health approach in all areas of health care and in the community where opportunities for disease and injury prevention exist. What is population health? Population health is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups. The study of population health is focused on understanding health and disease in the community, and on improving health and well- being through priority health approaches addressing the disparities in health status between social groups (Australian Institute for Health and Terry Nolan, Welfare). Head of Melbourne School of Population Health Our Mission 2007 proved to be another significant To conduct and enhance research that addresses issues of population year of developments for the Melbourne health and health social sciences, and to educate undergraduates and School of Population Health. The School has been actively engaged in the postgraduate students, clinicians, scientists, professionals and public development of the Melbourne Model and health leaders through the enrichment of our educational programs in the University’s Growing Esteem Strategy. public health. Our planning day in October focused on the Growing Esteem Strategy and on The Melbourne School of Population Health aims to strengthen the enhancing its standing in the three inter- understanding, capacity and services of society to meet population related areas – research, learning and health needs and to improve the quality and equity of health care. teaching and knowledge transfer. Through these strategies the Melbourne The population health approach recognises that health is a capacity School of Population Health has signalled or resource rather than a state, a definition which corresponds more its commitment to being recognised as to the notion of being able to pursue one’s goals, to acquire skills and a leading centre of public health research and teaching both in Australia and education and to grow. abroad by: This broader notion of health recognises the range of social, economic • Maintaining and enhancing our strong and physical environmental factors that contribute to health (Public Health emphasis on conducting and publishing Agency of Canada). world-class research and to enhance our performance and reputation in research training. • Further developing our program offerings to provide graduate career entry and career development programs

1 in population health. Highlights of 2007 Corporation and the Community Development) Producers Guild of America. officially launched the • Embedding knowledge Centre for MEGA McCaughey Centre: transfer in the School’s Epidemiology The KCWHS, along with The curriculum and research. Royal Women’s Hospital, VicHealth Centre for the Professor John Hopper Promotion of Mental Health • Boosting the links with Family Planning Victoria was awarded one of nine and Community Wellbeing on industry, government and Women’s Health hosted Australia Fellowships. This a conference ‘Abortion in Monday 16 July. The launch and the community – in prestigious award made particular strengthening Victoria – Where are we now? was attended by the Vice to researchers who are Where do we want to go?’ Chancellor, Professor Glyn our reputation by leaders in their field, both Speakers considered both Davis, the Chief Executive working closely with in Australia and overseas, the current state-of-play Officer of VicHealth, Mr the Department of is a fitting tribute to John’s Todd Harper, the Mayor, Human Services achievements in genetic and the future of abortion City of Port Phillip, Cr Janet (Victoria), VicHealth and epidemiology. The award will policy, services and research Bolitho, the Dean, Faculty the Commonwealth provide five years of support in Victoria. Many of the key Department of Health and for John and his research themes that arose during the of Medicine, Dentistry and Ageing. program at $800,000 per conference were introduced Health Sciences, Professor by Dr Margaret Sparrow, James Angus, and the • Raising the profile and year. Within the Centre President, Abortion Law prestige of the Melbourne for MEGA Epidemiology, Centre’s patron, Dr Jean Reform Association of New School of Population and with colleagues at the McCaughey. The McCaughey Zealand. Other speakers Health. Cancer Council of Victoria, Centre has been operating John leads and contributes included Senator Lyn Allison for over 12 months, and Mr • Increasing the efficiency of to a superb critical mass of (Leader, Australian Democrats), Batchelor incorporated the the School’s administration world leading expertise of Dr Jo Wainer, Director, Gender Centre’s launch with that of through academic and which they are extremely and Medicine Research the Community Indicators IT shared services proud. Unit, Monash University, Victoria (CIV) website. The implementation. Professor Jenny Morgan, CIV website, hosted by the Key Centre for Women’s Faculty of Law, The University • Further consolidation McCaughey Centre, uses Health in Society of Melbourne, Dr Maggie of planning and budget local community wellbeing Kirkman, KCWHS, Dr John processes which support Interactive Media Awards indicators to improve citizen Edington, Acting Chief Medical the School’s strategic Your Sex Health Website Officer and Director, Intensive engagement, community direction. (www.yoursexhealth.org) was Care, Bendigo Hospital, Ms planning and policy making. Finally, my thanks to the judged ‘Best in Class’ in the Annarella Hardiman, Manager, Centre for Health Policy, very dedicated, innovative 2007 Interactive Media Awards Pregnancy Advisory Service, and hard working staff at for the education category. Programs and Economics The Women’s and Dr Chris the Melbourne School of The Centre was officially The sex education/ Bayly, Associate Director, Population Health. I also launched on 12 September reproductive health website Women’s Services, The wish to acknowledge and aimed at adolescents was Women’s. by Mr Peter Allen, Under thank the many friends of the commissioned by Professor Secretary, Portfolio The speakers identified the School of Population Health Doreen Rosenthal AO, Services and Strategic strengths and weaknesses who have supported and Director of the Key Centre for Projects Division, Victorian of abortion in Victoria, and assisted us throughout the Women’s Health in Society. Department of Human provided clear direction for year. We hope you will find Services, together with The award’s judges included the future. this report on the activities of representatives of leading the Dean of the Faculty of the School in 2007 and the media organisations, such McCaughey Centre Medicine, Dentistry and profile of its staff of interest. as the New York Times, Time The Honourable Peter Health Sciences, Professor – Professor Terry Nolan Warner Inc, the Microsoft Batchelor (Minister for James Angus. 2 Federation Fellow the Faculty of Medicine, Development Centre (DVDC), associated with the risk of Professor David Studdert Dentistry and Health it was recommended that developing particular cancers. commenced his Federation Sciences’ Associate Dean the Centre be relocated Staff Promotions/ to the Garvan Institute of Fellowship, jointly sponsored for Knowledge Transfer. Appointments by the Faculties of Law Carrick Awards Program Medical Research, Sydney. The DVDC relocated from Professor Elizabeth and Medicine, Denistry and – Award for Teaching April. The Garvan Institute Waters was appointed as a Health Services, early in Excellence Professorial Fellow: Public 2007. David is co-located is a member of the St Associate Professors Lynn Vincent’s and Mater Health Health and Health Equity with the Law School and with the McCaughey Centre. the Melbourne School of Gillam and Marilys Guillemin Campus and is affiliated from the Centre for Health with the University of She holds a Master of Public Population Health. He holds Health from Monash University the second Federation and Society were awarded New South Wales and is the prestigious Carrick Award one of Australia’s largest (1993) and a DPhil from the Fellowship to be awarded University of Oxford (2001). to a researcher working in for Teaching Excellence. Of autonomous medical the Melbourne School of the 102 nominations, there research institutions. With Professor Waters has Population Health. were only 24 recipients its emphasis on establishing attracted over $14 million Australia-wide. links with hospitals and in competitive research His program of work is ‘Using industry, it was an ideal new funding, has published over law to improve population The Australian Awards for University Teaching (AAUT) location for the DVDC. 100 peer reviewed articles health and the quality of in international journals, health care services’. were established in 1997 by Victorian Premier’s the Australian Government 18 book chapters, and has Professor Studdert aims Award for Medical to celebrate and reward been invited to present 91 to build a world-class Research national and international excellence in university research capacity in Winner – Dr Helen Cox keynote presentations. She teaching. Outstanding empirical health law at The is on the editorial board of teaching, whether by Dr Cox won for her PhD University of Melbourne a number of international individuals or teams, has (2006) Dissertation: and foster innovative journals, and regular been recognised each year Tuberculosis treatment and scholarship nationally in this reviewer for international since, and the achievement control in Uzbekistan: DOTS area. He aims to address competitive research celebrated through these and Drug Resistance. Dr improvements in health funders (NIH, ESRC, MRC, awards. Cox was enrolled in a PhD care quality, regulation through the Melbourne CIHR) and international and population health. With the formation of the School of Population Health health research journals. Carrick Institute for Learning His research program will and her work was done with Members of Liz’s team and Teaching in Higher combine methods from supervision from the Burnet include Dr Elise Davis, the social and statistical Education in 2006, the awards Institute and Australian Naomi Priest, Lisa sciences with traditional legal program was expanded International Health Institute. Gibbs, Rosie Ashbolt, analysis to explore a set of to include new elements Commended – Dr Robert Karen Block, Andrea pressing policy issues at and thereby allow a wider MacInnis Sanigorski, Elisha Griggs, the intersection of legal and recognition of a wider range Ana Neumann, Rebecca Dr MacInnis studied the health systems in Australia. and level of university staff and Armstrog, Jodie Doyle, results from the Melbourne more diverse contributions to Lauren Prosser and Lisa Associate Dean Collaborative Cohort Study learning and teaching. Willenberg. (Knowledge Transfer) (which included 41,528 Diabetes Vaccine Associate Professor John people aged 27 to 75) to Dr Bill Genat was promoted Fitzgerald is a Principal Development Centre see whether certain aspects to Senior Lecturer. Research Fellow in the Following an independent of body size – particularly Dr Shyamali Dharmage Centre for Health and administrative review fat mass, fat-free mass and was promoted to Associate Society and was appointed of the Diabetes Vaccine waist circumference – were Professsor. 3 2007 School of The School Staff Profile Population Health Awards Staff Numbers (excl casual) Academic Professional Total Knowledge Transfer School Executive/Administration 1 12 13 Award – Open Award Centre for Molecular, Environmental, for Excellence in 24 11 35 Knowledge Transfer Genetic & Analytic Epidemiology Achievements Centre for International The award was presented to Mental Health 3 2 5 The Community Indicators Victoria project team from the Centre for Health McCaughey Centre: Marnie and Society 21 7 28 Badham, Dr Xiaogang Chen, Key Centre for Women’s Dr Melanie Davern, Dr Marion 21 3 24 Frere, Steve Gelsi, Suzan Health in Society Ghantous, Lucy Gunn and Centre for Health Policy, Sue West. The Community 15 2 28 Indicators Victoria (CIV) Programs & Economics is a collaborative project Sexual Health Unit with VicHealth hosted by 7 2 9 the McCaughey Centre. McCaughey Centre 19 3 22 The purpose of CIV is to support the development Vaccine & Immunisation and use of local community Research Group 4 15* 19 wellbeing indicators as a basis for informed, engaged TOTAL 113 43 156 and integrated community * Denotes MCRI employees planning and policy making. Community wellbeing indicators are statistical School of Population Health Management and Governance tools for translating The School’s committees are accountable for the implementation of the strategic and broad community goals operational plans incorporated within the School’s management and governance framework into clear, tangible and and reinforced through the performance development framework. commonly understood School of Population Health Principal Committees outcomes for assessing and Management Resources and Compliance Chairperson communicating progress in achieving these goals. Executive Professor Terry Nolan Strategic Planning Professor Terry Nolan There is a growing recognition of the importance Growing Esteem Implementation Professor Ian Anderson of community wellbeing Finance and Resources Professor Terry Nolan indicators as an alternative to Information Technology Professor Dallas English narrower, primarily economic School Managers Leanne Taylor indicators of progress and EHS Professor Terry Nolan / Leanne Taylor wellbeing. Academic Chairperson Community wellbeing indicators are: Higher Degree Research Associate Professor Jane Fisher • Democratic tools for Postgraduate Studies Dr Catherine Bennett engaging citizens and Undergraduate Studies Associate Professor Marilys Guillemin communities and informed Research Professor John Hopper discussions about the issues Health Ethics Advisory Group Professor Doreen Rosenthal identified as important by their communities. communities and of • Identify and track local, • Develop and implement • Policy tools, guiding communicating progress social, economic and citizen engagement and evidence based policy environmental trends. making, planning and towards agreed goals. community strengthening action to address the The establishment of CIV as • Develop, implement and strategies. challenges and issues a platform for a sustainable, evaluate strategies to • Support the development identified as important by state-wide system of local improve local community of national and local communities. community wellbeing wellbeing, health and international policy • Reporting tools for indicators strengthens sustainability outcomes. research programs on tracking the impact of the capacity of local • Undertake outcome focused the development and use policy initiatives on the governments and local community planning and of community wellbeing lives of citizens and their communities to: priority setting. indicators. 4 Award for Excellence • Applying a novel has taken existing cohort sex-on-premise-venues in Academic curriculum matrix studies and revitalised resulted in detection of Administration approach to preparation them to create exciting infection in men who may and communication of new opportunities for not have otherwise been Judi Maskiell was awarded subject level curricula to her large research team tested. A high prevalence the inaugural professional maintain oversight of the of postdoctoral and PhD of Ng/Ct infection was staff Academic Excellence curriculum, and to ensure researchers. Substantial detected, in particular Award in recognition for her the development of a competitive grant funding asymptomatic infection. work as the coordinator for: cohesive curriculum at and an invitation to speak at • The Australian Colorectal It is likely that this research program level. a major international meeting has the potential to impact Cancer Family Study. are indicative of the quality • The Breast Cancer Family • Development of innovative on HIV transmission or interdisciplinary teaching of work being done on these acquisition: by detection of Study. studies. The type of research • The Australian Melanoma strategies to foster HIV among men who have development of fully that she is doing, combining sex with men in outreach Family Study. life course epidemiology with • The Paediatric Cancer integrated epidemiological clinics, and detection and and statistical theory studies of biological markers treatment of Ng/Ct which can Family Study. and of genetics is at the Because of the large size and skills in graduates, facilitate HIV transmission or including creating fully leading edge internationally acquisition. of these studies, their and promises much in integrated epidemiology The research and continuing familial nature and because helping to understand and and statistics introductory outreach clinics in sex-on- they are investigating both ultimately control these subjects, contextualised the-premise-venues have environmental and genetic important diseases. causes for disease, they are real-world assessment contributed to increased The Head of School Award for extremely complex and require tasks, and a capstone access to care for men who PhD Excellence (for those who specialist coordination skills. coursework subject to have sex with men who are were awarded their PhD in the The academic administration reinforce the development possibly at immediate risk previous year) was shared by of all these studies has and practice of of STI/HIV transmission or Karin Hammarberg (KCWHS), enabled the research to interdisciplinary skill sets. acquisition. Robert MacInnis (MEGA) and progress and build data that The MSPH program receives Karin Hammarberg’s PhD Nichole Lister (SHU). lead to successful applications supportive funding from thesis was entitled ‘The for future funding. the Australian Government Robert MacInnes’s thesis experience of birth and was entitled ‘A prospective MSPH Teaching and through the Public Health early mothering after Education and Research study of body size and Learning Excellence assisted conception’. The Program (PHERP) targeted composition and the risk of study was a prospective Awards at building capacity within cancer’. longitudinal study of a The Teaching Excellence the Public Health workforce As a result of the research consecutively recruited Award (Open Award) was nationally. In particular, reported in Robert’s PhD cohort (n=181) of women awarded to Catherine there is a recognised thesis, The Cancer Council who had conceived with Bennett, Shyamali Dharmage, shortfall in strong analytic Victoria commenced a media assisted reproductive Lyle Gurrin, Jane Hocking and skill, and higher-end campaign in May 2007 to technology. The main Julie Simpson for their work theory and research skill raise awareness of the link findings were that in the Integrated Teaching mastery in biostatistics and between waist circumference compared with women who in Epidemiology: The review Epidemiology within the and the risk of cancer. This conceive spontaneously and redevelopment of the public health workforce. represents a major change women who conceive with MSPH core Masters-level The process to review, in practice for The Cancer ART are more anxious Epidemiological teaching rebuild and accommodate Council, which previously about caring for the baby program, 2005-2006. The transition to the new teaching had concentrated on sun when leaving hospital award was given to recognise program was challenging. protection and smoking in its after the birth, less likely the unifying approaches used public campaigns. to breastfeed their baby MSPH Research to develop an integrated core at three months and have Excellence Awards Nichole Lister’s PhD thesis epidemiological program for was entitled ‘Screening men a three-fold risk of early the MSPH Masters programs Associate Professor who have sex with men for parenting difficulties in Epidemiology. The program Shyamali Dharmage gonorrhoea and chlamydia’. necessitating admission to was reviewed and the course was awarded the School The research and continuing residential early parenting structure redeveloped in Research Award for Career activities (outreach clinics centres in the first 18 2005, and launched in 2006. Development or New for men who have sex months of the baby’s life. This creative curriculum work Researcher Award (within with men and sexually One in six Australian involved: seven years of completion of transmitted infection couples suffers infertility • Engaging external a doctorate or seven since screening according to and increasingly couples stakeholders through commencing a research national guidelines) have seek medical assistance to the establishment of a program). contributed to the detection have a family. In 2002, 7000 learning and teaching Shyamali has established and treatment of Neisseria babies were born as a result advisory committee in a major research program gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia of assisted reproductive the development and in allergy and respiratory trachomatis (Ng/Ct) among technology and this increased subsequent delivery of the disease within the Centre for men who have sex with to almost 10,000 in 2006, new curriculum. MEGA Epidemiology. She men. Outreach clinics in representing 4% of all births. 5 Learning and Teaching ENR = Enrolments Enrolments 2001 – 2007 SL = Effective Fulltime Student Load Shaded cells represent programs From second semester 2007 there were 332 continuing students within the MSPH that are no longer offered. postgraduate coursework programs and 90 research higher degree students. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 PhD ENR SL ENR SL ENR SL ENR SL ENR SL ENR SL ENR SL

Public Health 8 63 80 92 86 77 79 84

DPubHlth 3 1.8 6 4.9 7 4.6 7 4.1 4 4 5 2 2.38

RESEARCH

MPubHlth 2 1.0 4 3.5 4 3 4 2 1.86

MSocHlth 2 2.0 4 3.9 5 2 2 1 .46

MWomensHlth 4 4.0 3 1.8 2 1.0 3 2.0 5 5 9 1 1

COURSEWORK

MBioStat 10 3.6 16 5.3 20 6.0 29 31 26 22 6

MEpid 7 3.3 11 7.3 4 2.5 5 2.1 4 19 19 26 11.75

MHlthEth 5 3.1 6 2.7 2 0.9

MIMH 11 11.0 3 3.1 4 5 2 2 3

MMedAnthr 4 1.7 4 1.2

MPubHlth 74 44.5 85 50.1 118 60.4 125 63.6 169 202 192 199 109.5

MSocHlth 10 4.7 17 8.4 28 37 30 25 10.2

Mmed(Women’s 2 0.5 1 2 - 1 Health)

MWomensHealth 5 2.0 7 3.6 11 5.4 13 9.1 8 11 10 10 6.25

PGDIP

GDipHlthCareHist 3 1.3 2 0.5 1 0.4 1 0.3

GDipHlthEth 2 0.6 2 0.8 1 0.6

GDipHlthProm 2 1.0 3 1.8 1 0.5

GDipMedAnthr 1 0.4 2 1.3

GDipSocHlth 11 4.9 16 5.5 12 10 8 7 1.74

PGDipBio 10 3.4 17 25 23 25 6.5

GDipBio 3 0.8 5 1.8 2 0.5

PGDipEpid 9 5.1 19 12 7

GDipEpid&Bio 42 21.2 41 21.0 27 12.0 8 3.4

PGDipWH 3 1.9 6 3 3 1 .25

GDipWomHlth 15 5.9 16 5.6 3 1.5

PGCERT

GCertHlthServ 9 2.0 12 2.9 10 1.6 4 0.6 2 Rsrch&Eval

PGCertBio 7 2.0 7 8 6 6 1

GCertBio 2 0.5 0.6

PGCertPubHlth 22 6.5 22 26 14 9 2.25 (SexHlth)

6 STUDENTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

NEPAL CANADA POLAND FRANCE BURMA

BANGLADESH JAPAN USA

BAHRAIN CHINA SOUTH KOREA SAUDI PAKISTAN ARABIA VIETNAM PHILIPPINES SRI LANKA CAMBODIA UGANDA MALAYSIA KENYA SINGAPORE TANZANIA MALAWI ZAMBIA INDONESIA MOZAMBIQUE TOTAL TONGA

ZIMBABWE 95

LESOTHO

International students show School’s global reach Graduations of international students flexibility to accommodate the needs skills they build in the mainstream at the Melbourne School of Population of individual students from all over program and add on those special Health continued to rise in 2007, along the world, and its evolving response skills and understandings that you with applications for 2008, reflecting to the demands of changing global need to work in an international the School’s strengthening global conditions are “standout features” of setting, which gives local students reputation as a public health training the School’s postgraduate offerings. both a good strong skill base and and research institution. “We have a comprehensive program international students relevant, In 2007 there were 370 postgraduate that allows people to select or build a transferable skills they can take back students actively enrolled in degree tailored to their own needs,” with them. That’s quite critical.” coursework programs with the she says. Ms Nurulwahida Saad is a Malaysian School, and 77 of these were Examples of the School’s academic whose international international coursework students. responsiveness to real-world demands experience includes studying in There were also 18 international included projects with a large tertiary London. At the Melbourne School research higher degree students. hospital that required students to of Population Health she completed There were 44 new international evaluate how data was collected and the Master of Epidemiology in 2007, students joining MSPH programs reported around patient outcomes and before returning to be promoted as in 2007 alone, and 35 of these were services. For international students, a lecturer at the International Islamic commencing in the School’s flagship projects can be set up to develop University of Malaysia Kuantan, program, the Master of Public Health. protocols for a major intervention Pahang. Between 2005 and 2007, the number based in the student’s own country, Ms Saad says the School was of graduates of the Master of Public with the ultimate aim of preparing the welcoming towards international Health program grew from 32 to student to return to work as a public students, and the mixture of students 65 and also doubled in the recently health practitioner. sharing their respective experiences restructured Master of Epidemiology Internationally, the skill capacities on topics created a “cross-borders and Master of Women’s Health that were increasingly in demand communication” that brought issues programs. included program evaluation. “Many alive. Infectious disease epidemiology Dr Catherine Bennett, the School’s international donor funds have provided a broad view of infectious Post-graduate Coursework introduced requirements for program disease management utilising case Coordinator, says the Master of evaluation to be built in to intervention studies, some of which were provided Epidemiology had been rebuilt programs. They are looking for the by the international students. “So to meet the needs of the many best return on the international aid although challenging it was very international applicants who dollars,” Dr Bennett says. “And we interesting and much more than any were eligible for direct entry to have a strong program for that within textbook could provide,” she says. a Masters because they had our Masters of Public Health.” “The course helped develop medical training, an MPH and/or Students of the Master in Public organisational skills and team- substantial experience. “It allowed Health program also benefit from working skills essential in us to establish a new epidemiology the School’s special partnership epidemiology and we could do this program to give them access to a with the Nossal Institute for through the many simulations of one-year intensive training program Global Health. “This allows us to public health decision-making.” that gives them the full core skills offer subjects that are taught by Ms Saad says that if she later wants they need in epidemiology.” staff who are fully experienced in to move into research, the Master of Dr Bennett says that the range of working in resource-poor settings,” Epidemiology has equipped her to disciplines and expertise offered, the she says. “Students take the core make that transition. 7 Quality of Teaching and 4 or more out of a poss ble 5), (scoring an average of 4 or satisfaction with the quality Learning with 13 rated as exceptionally more out of a possible 5). of the learning experience MSPH has continued to well taught (scoring 4.5 or These results were were that 30 subjects were maintain excellent teaching higher). The responses to supported by an even better ranked as providing a quality evaluations in 2007. All 27 satisfaction with the quality performance in Semester learning experience. Semester 1 subjects evaluated of the learning experience 2. Of the 38 subjects, 12 Once again, our student were rated as well taught, 13 of indicated that 24 subjects were subjects rated as well evaluations were well these were rated as very well ranked as providing a quality taught and 17 as very well above both the Faculty and taught (scoring an average of learning experience – that is taught. The responses to the University averages.

Semester One Evaluations The evaluation focussed on two main areas as shown below.

Question 9: “Overall I was Question 2: “This subject was satisfied with the quality of well taught.” (score range 1-5) the learning experience in the Subject Title subject.” (score range 1-5) Students Students Enrolled Mean Enrolled Mean

Health, Ethics & Society 20 4.8 20 4.9

Key Perspectives in Medical Anthropology 8 4.4 8 4.4

Health Program Evaluation 1 28 4.4 28 4.3

Health Services Research 1 6 4.2 6 4.2

Database Systems in Epidemiology Studies 12 4.1 12 4.1

Critical Perspectives in Women’s Health 9 4.6 9 4.9

Control of Sexually Transmissible Infections (Int) 13 4.9 13 4.8

Control of Sexually Transmissible Infections (Ext) 9 3.8 9 4.0

Sexually Transmissible Infections 7 4.0 7 5.0

Sexually Transmissible Infections 7 4.5 7 4.5

Koori Heath: Past to Present 14 4.8 14 4.8

Policy Processes in Aboriginal Health 7 5.0 7 4.8

Principles of Women’s Health 12 4.1 12 4.1

Women and Communicable Diseases 8 3.4 8 3.0

Women’s Mental Health and Wellbeing 4 5.0 4 5.0

International Adolescent Health 27 4.7 27 4.7

Economic Evaluation 1 19 4.1 19 4.3

Health Economics 1 13 4.1 13 4.2

Principles of Research Design 22 4.9 22 4.9

Research Methods in Social Health 15 5.0 15 5.0

Infectious Disease Epidemiology 43 4.7 43 4.6

Research Project Development 8 4.8 8 4.6

Primary Health Care (Jamkhed, India) 9 3.8 9 4.0

Epidemiology & Analytic Methods 1 20 4.3 20 4.0

Epidemiology & Analytic Methods 2 19 4.1 19 3.8

Study Design in Epidemiology 29 4.1 29 3.9

Women’s Health Policy and Program Design 4 4.7 4 4.7

8 Semester Two Evaluations The evaluation focussed on two main areas as shown below.

Question 9: “Overall I was Question 2: “This subject was satisfied with the quality of well taught.” (score range 1-5) the learning experience in the Subject Title subject.” (score range 1-5) Students Students Enrolled Mean Enrolled Mean

Culture, Health & Illness 10 4.2 10 3.8

Bioethics: The Fundamental Debates 13 4.8 13 4.7

Key Concepts in Social Health 15 3.9 15 4.1

Methods for Evaluating Health Services 1 17 3.5 17 3.5

Women’s Sexual & Reproductive Rights 14 4.6 14 4.6

Research Methodology in Women’s Health 15 4.3 15 4.3

Women and Global Health 14 4.1 14 4.2

Sexual and Reproductive Health (Distance) 17 4.3 17 4.9

Sexual and Reproductive Health (Classroom) 10 4.8 10 4.9

Critical Debates in Aboriginal Health 6 4.8 6 5.0

Community: Theory and Practice 4 4.8 4 4.8

Sexual Function and Dysfunction 4 4.5 4 4.5

Gender and Health Inequalities 7 4.7 7 4.8

Australian Health Systems 15 4.6 15 4.6

International Child Health 31 4.7 31 4.6

Disability in Developing Countries 15 4.8 15 4.7

Health Program Evaluation 2 17 4.4 17 4.5

Research Project in Health Program Evaln (Part 2) 5 2.0 5 2.0

Research Project in Health Economics (Part 2) 5 3.5 5 3.0

Global Mental Health Development# 9 4.3 9 4.4

Mental Health Policy Development# 10 4.6 10 4.7

Mental Health Services Design# 5 4.0 5 3.8

Research: Methods, Ethics and Uses# 5 4.3 5 4.5

Research Project in Social Health 4 5.0 4 5.0

Research Project in Epidemiology/Biostats (Part 2) 10 3.4 10 3.6

Genetic Epidemiology (Classroom) 11 4.8 11 4.8

Genetic Epidemiology (Distance) 5 4.0 5 4.0

Research Project - Master of Epidemiology (Part 2) 4 3.0 4 3.0

Infectious Diseases Epi - Special Topics 12 3.9 12 4.0

Research Project in Women’s Health (Part 2) 6 3.5 6 4.5

Women’s Health Promotion and Evaluation 10 4.3 10 4.3

Harm Reduction - HIV in Drug Users 18 4.7 18 4.8

Global Health Impacts of Drug Use 7 4.7 7 5.0

Using Evaluation in Program Design 18 4.5 18 4.5

Linear & Logistic Regression 22 3.5 22 3.4

Survival Analysis & Regression for Rates 19 4.2 19 4.0

Epidemiology in Practice 17 4.3 17 4.2

9 Learning and Melbourne Model and that A continuing link with the Advanced Medical teaching programs the School is prepared for University of Melbourne Science the University-wide review of provides necessary research The highlight of each AMS Postgraduate postgraduate programs that infrastructure, such as access year is the conference held to library databases, and The School’s postgraduate will commence in 2008. for those students being research expertise, as well coursework programs E-Community of supervised by Melbourne as creating future project continued to grow and Practice School of Population Health evolve. The School opportunities for those MPH The E-Community of Practice staff and PhD students. The welcomes student feedback students with an International conference is held in May and actively seeks input was launched during the Health focus. year and aims to extend each year and provides AMS from industry partners, The E-Community of students the opportunity and sustain knowledge community representatives Practice is an initiative to to present and showcase transfer of Master of Public and future employers of our extend the learning networks their year’s research to staff, Health graduates returning graduates in order to shape established in the School and students and parents. It is to developing countries. program development. strengthen the links among rewarding to see students The project is led by Drs Recent changes included our graduate community. develop from novice Robyn Wooward-Kron the continued roll out of researchers in week one to (Faculty International Student Undergraduate the new epidemiology present often sophisticated Support Unit) and Catherine program for the Master of Again Health Practice research by the end of the Bennett (MPH Coordinator) Epidemiology and Master Semesters 1 to 5 in the AMS year. The success of and supported by a seeding of Public Health and the Bachelor of Medicine the AMS year is testament grant from the Australian and introduction of the revised and Bachelor of Surgery to a lot of hard work by New Zealand Association of Women’s Health curricula for attracted a number of supervisors and the AMS Medical Education. One of the Postgraduate Diploma excellent tutors from administrator, Anita Lucas, our recent MPH graduates, and the Master of Women’s the School in 2007, and under the leadership of Durga Shrestha from Health and the Master of they made important Associate Professor Lynn Kathmandu, Nepal, will also Public Health. contributions to the Health Gillam. be a key contributor on the Practice Tutorials and Following the success of The 2007 AMS program the Postgraduate Diploma project. Evidence-Based Practice Training. In addition trialled a mentoring of Public Health (Sexual A number of our MPH supervision scheme of junior Health), and the uptake of students elect to develop numerous Melbourne School of Population Health supervisors, including a sexual health electives in the a public health research number of PhD students staff have been involved in MPH, the School is working program protocol as part and recent graduates, by teaching Health Practice 1 towards the development of their Masters degree, more senior staff. From and 3, and in redeveloping of a sexual health stream for example to develop a all accounts it was a very Health Practice 3 in within the MPH, including the public health intervention or successful scheme and will particular. option of taking a research evaluation program, which the continue in 2008. project in this area. students intend to implement With the decision to have The AMS cohort that or carry out once they return a Bachelor of Biomedicine Add to this the ongoing completed their year in to their professional roles Degree that will commence redevelopment of existing May 2007 had a total of 27 in their communities. The in 2009, there will still be subjects and the introduction students, with 13 of these E-Community of Practice a need to teach Health of new and already well students from Universitas project will track the Practice in its current subscribed subjects (eg Indonesia. Australian Healthcare processes and nature of form until the last intake Systems), it is clear that knowledge transfer from the of undergraduate medical The new cohort that teaching development is the students to their research students for this current commenced in mid-July had dynamic in the School. and practice communities. curriculum in 2008. The 14 local students and two This program of review The main objective for this establishment of the new students from Universitas and re-development and first phase of the program is undergraduate degree Indonesia. our standing as a quality to establish and maintain a presents the Melbourne From 2001/2002 the School provider of postgraduate research community among School of Population has supervised a total of public health education returning AusAID students so Health with some exciting 211 AMS students – 32 of means the School’s that they can support each possibilities for curriculum these students were from programs sit well with the other and share expertise. input and teaching. Universitas Indonesia. 10 MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF POPULATION HEALTH

Six years after establishing pursuing its vision and and external partners”, he School the Melbourne School knowledge transfer is a says. of Population Health, its key driver, but we face But he points to areas foundation professor and a range of challenges where the School can growing in head, Professor Terry if we are to fulfil our deliver more. “It’s an Nolan, is expanding his goal of achieving the ongoing challenge to reputation, vision of the School’s public prominence and maintain a distinctive potential. professional relevance approach to our teaching In 2007, after the of the world’s major and learning, especially in relevance official launches of the institutions of population the way we help prepare McCaughey Centre and health,” he says. “Our people for roles in the the Centre for Health School needs to increase public health workforce Policy, Programs and its depth in relation to its and careers in research. research strengths and Economics (formerly the “This is why we are realise the opportunities Program Evaluation Unit), examining the structure that exist to gain external he believes the Melbourne of our postgraduate funding for high-quality School of Population coursework degrees population research in a Health is continuing to and how we can better range of different areas. grow in reputation and integrate and more relevance. “To achieve this, we need efficiently deliver those As the School gains more funding to grow and programs.” increasing international continue the work that is The Melbourne School renown for leadership valuable and an essential of Population Health’s in teaching, learning, part of the knowledge research capacity had research and knowledge transfer process for been substantially transfer, Professor Nolan community strategies, expanded in 2007 with is aiming higher, aspiring policies and priorities.” the establishment of to see the Melbourne Professor Nolan says the McCaughey Centre, School of Population the Melbourne School which had provided a Health approach the of Population Health new dimension through recognition accorded has been successful in its focus on structural institutions such as integrating a full range of and societal determinants Harvard School of Public social sciences, medical and solutions for health Health, Johns Hopkins and biomedical sciences and wellbeing. He says, Bloomberg School of into an array of activities “this has opened a whole Public Health, and the for teaching, learning, range of new connections London School of Hygiene research and knowledge into the School, into the and Tropical Medicine. transfer. It would “continue Faculty, into the University “The Melbourne School to develop successful and beyond. That has of Population Health is collaborations with internal been exciting.”

11 Research and Research Training

Counts by Year Publication Type 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

A - Books

A1 - Books - Authored - Research 1 3 0 3

A2 - Edited Books 2 1 6 2 2

A5 - Textbooks 0 1 0 0

A6 - Authored Books - Other 0 0 1 1 2

B1 - Chapters in Research Books 17 7 11 6 11

B2 - Chapters in Books 6 5 11 5 11

C – Journal Articles

C1 - Journal Articles - Refereed 73 102 162 204 222

C2 - Unrefereed Journal Articles 9 2 11 15 14

C3 - Unrefereed Letters or Notes 7 14 10 23 18

C5 - Other Refereed Contributions to 11 5 12 11 10 Refereed Journals

D4 - Major Reference Works 0 2 4 1

F1 - Conference Publications - Full 1 3 2 0 10 written paper - refereed

F2 - Fully Written Unrefereed Conference 2 2 5 7 4 Papers

G4 - Major Reports 14 14 34 36 33

G5 - Minor Reports/Working Papers 4 8 3 5 6

Research Training – PhD Completions

Surname Centre/Unit Supervisors Final Thesis Topic

Adams, KCWHS Assoc Prof Anne Kavanagh, Koori kids and otitis media prevention in Victoria Karen Eileen Dr Jenny Lewis, Dr Jon Willis

Bwembya, KCWHS Assoc Prof Jane Fisher, Dr Reproductive decision making of HIV positive Phoebe Albina Wendy Holmes Zambian women

Coles, CHS Dr Alison Brookes, Assoc Breastfeeding and maternal touch after childhood Janice Yvonne Prof Marilys Guillemin and sexual assault Prof Jill Astbury

Farooqui, KCWHS Assoc Prof Jane Fisher, Dr Tobacco use during pregnancy and perinatal Atika Andrea Whittaker, Dr Julie health in rural Kanataka, India Thacker

Fetherstonhaugh, CHS Dr Alison Brookes, Prof Hobson’s choice: dialysis or the coffin. A study of Deirdre Marie Michael Ashby, Dr Margaret dialysis decision-making amongst older people Fraenkel

12 Surname Centre/Unit Supervisors Final Thesis Topic

Hall, CHS Prof Ian Anderson Decolonisation or recolonisation? A comparative Sandra Isabel analysis of colonial constructs and racial discourse in key indidenous policy statements in Australia and Aotearoa

Hodge, MEGA Prof John Hopper, Prof Kerin Diet related predictors of type 2 diabetes in the Allison Mary O’Dea, Prof Graham Giles Melbourne Collaborative cohort study

Hodgson, CHS Assoc Prof Lynn Gillam, Testing times, challenging choices: women, Janet Margaret Assoc Prof Sylvia Metcalfe, prenatal testing and genetic counselling Mrs Margaret Sahhar

Johnston, KCWHS Prof Doreen Rosenthal, Dr Weapons of mass destruction: the health impact Vanessa Milica Markovic, Prof Pascale of human rights violations in the context of Allotey, Prof Kim Mulholland, Australian asylum policies Prof John Carlin

Kowal, CHS Prof Ian Anderson, Prof The proximate advocate: improving indigenous Emma Esther Sandra Gifford, Prof Ross health on the postcolonial frontier Bailie

Li, AIHI Dr Martha Morrow, Dr Vulnerable but feeling safe: HIV risk among male Lin Michelle Kermode rural-to-urban migrant workers in Chengdu, China

Mitchell, CHPPE Assoc Prof Jane Pirkis, Mental health care roles and capacities of non- Penelope Fay Prof Pip Pattison, Assoc Prof medical primary health and social care services: John Toumbourou an organisational systems analysis

Myers, KCWHS Prof Doreen Rosenthal, Dr Hepatitis C testing among young people who Paul Michael Shelley Mallett experience homelessness in Melbourne

Saw, KCWHS Dr Elizabeth Bennett, Prof Strategies for public-private partnership in Saw Lenore Manderson, Dr tuberculosis control: the involvement of private Mridula Bandyopadhyay practitioners in Myanmar

Sidat, SHU Dr Jeffrey Grierson, Prof Studies on prevention and management of HIV/ Mohsin Mahomed Christopher Fairley AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Skull, MSPH Prof Terry Nolan, Prof Efectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal Susan Anne Graham Brown, Dr Graham vaccination against hospitalisation for Byrnes community-aquired pneumonia among persons > 65 years

Stone, MEGA Prof John Hopper, Dr Genetic and environmental determinants of Jennifer Graham Byrnes, Dr Norman mammographically dense and non-dense breast Boyd tissue: biomarkers for breast cancer

Tideman, SHU Prof Christopher Fairley Improving sexual health service provision at a Robin Lesley sexually transmitted infection clinic

Vasey, KCWHS Dr Elizabeth Bennett, Dr A country welcome: Emotional wellbeing and Katherine Elizabeth Milica Markovic, Prof Lenore belonging among Iraqi women in rural Australia Manderson

Warren, KCWHS Dr Shelley Mallett, Dr Markers of midlife: interrogating health, illness and Narelle Louise Milica Markovic, Dr Andrea ageing in rural Australia Whittaker

Welch, CHS Dr Deborah Warr, Assoc Bendigo calling: opportunities and limitations of Nicola Maree Prof Fiona Haines telephone call centre work

13 Research Income Research Income: 2007 Higher Education Research Data Collection (HERDC) C1 = Total Australian Competitive Grants C2 = Total Australian Government Grants C3 = Total Contracts (Australian and International) C4 = Total CRC

Dest Cat 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

C1.1 $5,030,345 $2,555,075 $3,719,650 $3,688,734 $3,375,494

C1.2 $72,455 $80,203 - $554,225 $135,794

C1 $5,102,800 $2,635,278 $3,719,650 $4,242,959 $3,511,288

C2.1 $5,000 $20,339 $20,837 - $47,273

C2.2 $1,100,588 $2,521,449 $1,768,440 $1,950,368 $3,218,207

C2.3 $2,358,357 $1,039,953 $3,068,456 $3,856,702 $3,502,043

C2 $3,463,946 $3,581,741 $4,857,733 $5,807,070 $6,767,522

C3.1 $679,478 $324,105 $1,152,838 $1,432,204 $1,226,542

C3.2 $522,034 $388,492 $458,098 $674,839 $726,791

C3.3 $92,087 $45 $31,159 $7,861 $113,583

C3.5 $2,524,722 $2,005,517 $2,533,870 $2,986,280 -

C3.5A $2,057,336

C3.5B $572,023

C3 $3,818,322 $2,718,158 $4,175,966 $5,101,183 $4,696,274

C4.1 - $96,408 $142,199 $134,392 $206,524

C4.2 - $12,415 $18,312 $16,034 $24,641

C4.3 - $30,692 $45,269 $67,501 $103,730

C4 - $139,515 $205,781 $217,927 $334,894

Total $12,385,068 $9,074,692 $12,959,129 $15,369,140 $15,309,980

The School continued to strengthen its research programs with a total of 18 NHMRC and ARC grants awarded to researchers in the school or involving MSPH partner institutions and commencing in 2008. This represents research income of $12,245,482, with $8,620,188 being directly administered by the School over the next few years.

MELBOURNE Total CRC $334,894 SCHOOL OF Total Australian Competitive Grants POPULATION Total Contracts (Australian and International) $3,511,288 HEALTH $4,696,274

Total Australian Government Grants $6,767,522

RESEARCH INCOME Total $15,309,980

14 Grants commencing 2007

Sponsor Responsible Ci Description Grants Income

NHMRC Project Grants $5,718,539

Shyamali Dharmage, John Genetic epidemiology of chronic $840,113 Hopper, Melanie Matheson, respiratory diseases from childhood to Michael Abramson, Graham adult Byrnes

Jane Fisher, Heather Rowe, A randomised trial of an early parenting $376,375 Doreen Rosenthal, Julie intervention to reduce maternal Quinliven, Lyle Gurrin mood disorder and infant behaviour disturbance.

Kit Fairley, Catriona Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a $255,425 Bradshaw, Marie Pirotta, randomised controlled trial Suzanne Garland, Jane Hocking

John Mathews, Terry Modelling of the effects of immunity $264,713 Nolan, Niels Becker, Jodie on influenza transmission – McVernon, James McCaw, implications for prevention and vaccine Emma McBryde development

John Hopper, Mark Jenkins, Statistical analyses of breast cancer $410,250 Graham Byrnes, Laura risks for BRAC1 and BRAC2 mutation Baglietto, Carmel Apicella carriers

John Hopper, Shyamali A prospective study of the effects $442,838 Dharmage, Gillian Dite, of early life growth of adult Carmel Apicella mammographic density

Kelly-Anne Phillips, John kConFab follow-up: A prospective $698,575 Hopper, Michael Friedlander, study of non-genetic risk modifiers in Mark Jenkins, Sue Ann women at high risk of breast cancer McLachlan, Roger Milne

Sepher Tabrizi, Kit Fairley, Surveillance of LGV Chlamydia $186,875 Basil Donovan trachomatis types among men who have sex with men

Administered by Sheena Reilly, Margot Prior, Understanding how language $633,550 Partner Institution Anne Castles, Melissa Wake, and reading problems develop: a (MCRI) Edith Bavin, John Carlin population-based longitudinal study from infancy age 7

Cancer Council Gialuca Severi, Vanessa Markers of Androgen action, genetic $772,700 Hayes, Justine Ellis, Rodney variation and prostate cancer risk Sinclair

Cancer Council Ron Borland, Melanie Extending the Australian arm of the $837,125 Wakefield, Hua Hie Yong, International Tobacco Control Policy Mohammad Siahpush Evaluation Study

Lyle Gurrin Bayesian Statistical Methods for $445,000 Combining Evidence in Genetic Association Studies of Complex Disease

NHMRC Population Health Capacity Building Grants $2,449,375

Administered by MCRI Melissa Wake, John Carlin Developing child health research with $2,449,375 a focus on preventative interventions for common childhood disorders

NHMRC Strategic Research Grants $1,641,848

Administered by Peter Andrew Holloway, Anthony Establishment of a Latrobe $581,225 McCallum Institute LaMontagne Valley power industry cohort and biospecimen bank for the study of asbestos related disease

15 Administered by Sue Richardson, Anna Changing patterns of work: impacts $1,060,623 Flinders University Ziersch, Fran Baum, Diannah on physical and mental health and the Lowry, Anne Kavanagh, mediating role of resiliency and social Laurence Lester, Tony capital La Montagne, Rebecca Bentley ARC Discovery Grants $1,247,000

John Hopper, MA Reuter, J Expert judgement of environmental $282,000 Langford health risks from exposures to contaminants in urban water systems

Tony Scott Blended payment system for doctors; $165,000 evaluation of a natural experiment Administered by the H Maxwell Stewart, R Kippen, Founders and survivors: Australian $800,000 University of Tasmania Janet McCalman, G McCarth lifecourses in historical context R Shlomowitz, Alison Venn, Shyamali Dharmage

ARC Linkage Grant $255,000

Administered by C McMahon, F Gibson, Jane Age at first birth, mode of conception $255,000 Macquarie University; Fisher, J Boivin, D Saunders and adjustment to parenthood industry partners IVF Australia and Melbourne IVF

New grants awarded in 2007, commencing 2008 Sponsor Responsible Ci Description Grants Income

NHMRC Project Grants 2,569,800

Jane Hocking, Catriona A longitudinal study of bacterial $115,000 Bradshaw, Sepher Tabrizi, vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium Kit Fairley, Marie Potter, in young Australian women Basil Donovan

Lyle Gurrin, Katrina Allen, Early versus delayed therapeutic $190,000 Lawrie Powell, Christine venesection for the prevention of McLaren hereditary haemochromatosis

John Mathews, Chris Cancer and low-dose radiation – $451,050 Kelman, Stacey Goergen, possible effects of CT Scans in James Dowty childhood

Catherine Bennett, Paul The epidemiology of Staphylococcus $908,750 Johnson, Geoff Coombs, areaus and antibiotic resistance in Gillian Wood community-acquired infections

Dallas English, Joanne Risk factors for molecular sub-types $418,750 Young, Mark Jenkins, of colorectal cancer Jeremy Jass

Anne Kavanagh, Dallas Evaluation of the efficacy of the $486,250 English, Graham Byrnes, Australian mammographic screening Carolyn Nickson program

Partners in NHMRC Project Grants $3,502,071

Cancer Council Melanie Wakefield, Sarah How do media campaigns and $395,725 Durkin, Victoria White, Ron tobacco-relevant news coverage Borland, Mohammad influence adolescent and adult Siahpush, Matthew Spittal, smoking? Julie Simpson

MCRI Katrina Allen, Melissa Population prevalence and $529,625 Wake, Shyamali Dharmage, environmental/genetic predictors of Mimi Tang, Lyle Gurrin, food allergy in an infant cohort Melanie Matheson

Cancer Council Dallas English, David Risk factors for gastro-oesophageal $925,626 Whiteman, Robert Thomas, reflux disease & Barrrett’s oesophagus Andrew Haydon, Graham Giles in a prospective cohort study

16 Sponsor Responsible Ci Description Grant s Income

The Peter McCallum Stephen Fox, Gillian Histopathological, magnetic $332,725 Clinic Mitchell, Gillian Dite, resonance and ultrasound correlates Christobel Saunders, Donna of mammographic density in BRCA1/2 Taylor mutation carriers

Cancer Council Gianluca Severi, Mark Markers of inflammation and prostate $562,150 Jenkins, Vanessa Hayes, cancer risk Catherine Hayden

Deakin University Boyd Swinburn, Andrea Sustainable impact, capacity gains $390,545 Sanigorski, Marj Moody, and cost-effectiveness of a successful Lisa Gibbs, Liz Waters, community-wide, child obesity Rob Carter prevention program

School of Rural Teng Liaw, John Furler, Culturally appropriate diabetes care in $365,675 Health Kevin Rowley, Priscilla mainstream general practice for urban Pyett, Margaret Kelaher, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Phyllis Lau people

NHMRC Fellowships $5,074,000

John Hopper Australia Fellowship $4,000,000

Kevin Rowley Research Fellowship SRF – $537,000

Melissa Southey Research Fellowship SRF – $537,000

ARC Discovery Grants $625,866

Ian Anderson, Jane A mortality profile of Victoria’s $625,866 Freemantle, Joan Ozanne- Aboriginal (and non-Aboriginal) Smith, Jane Halliday, Jill children 1998-2008 using an Gallagher, Mary-Ann Davey, innovative method and research Mary Sullivan, Pam Muth process

Partners: APC Discovery Grants $444,944

Deakin University Kay Cook, Liz Waters, The health implications of uncertain $234,944 Siang Kai Lo, Elise Davis child support payments for children in low income single parent families

Monash University Lynette Russell, Marcia Food, Traditional Aboriginal knowledge $210,000 Langton, Zane Ma Rhea and the expansion of the settler economy

ARC Indigenous Research Development Grants $200,000

Kylie Cripps, Ian Anderson, Building and supporting community $200,000 Marcia Langton, Maggie led partnership initiatives to respond Walter, Mark Rose to Indigenous family violence in Victoria

ARC Linkage Grants $440,000

University of Harvey Whiteford, Michael Mental health intervention and non- $440,000 Queensland Hilton, Geoff Waghorn, Jane urban detection screening Pirkis, Paul Scuffham

Other Grants $150,572

Department of John Fitzgerald Health credits: identifying the $99,804 Human Services, economic benefits of licensed Victoria premises and translating them into health outcomes at a local level

University of Julie Simpson Optimal design of antimalarial $28,768 Melbourne Early population pharmokinetic studies Career Researcher Grant

IATSIS Marcia Langton Indigenous involvement in water $22,000 management and policy and regulation development

17 School Of Population Health Seminar Series 2007 The School seminar series was well received throughout 2007 with increasing attendance levels. It provided opportunities for staff and visitors to showcase their research. Date Speaker Presentation

7 Mar Professor John Mathews, Professorial Fellow, Centre Negotiating science and politics for MEGA Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne

21 Mar Professor Jane Gunn, Chair of Primary Health Research, The role of GPs in population health Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne

4 Apr Professor David Studdert, ARC Federation Fellow, American health policy: Just cautionary Melbourne School of Population Health and Law School, tales? University of Melbourne

18 Apr Professor Robin Room, Professor of Social Research in Prescription regimes and drug control Alcohol, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, & Director of the AERF Centre for Alcohol Policy Research at Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Centre

2 May Dr Giuliana Fuscaldo, Research Fellow, Department of Ethical issues in research Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University & Associate Professor Lynn Gillam, Centre for Health and Society, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne

16 May Professor Ian Gust, Professorial Fellow, Department of AIDS vaccine development: The role of the Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne International AIDS Vaccine Initiative

30 May Professor Marcia Langton, Foundation Professor of Agreement-making, Australian Indigenous Australian Indigenous Studies, Centre for Health and People and the mining and resource Society, Melbourne School of Population Health, University industry: Trends and issues of Melbourne

13 Jun Dr Jodie McVernon and Dr James McCaw, Vaccine Modelling the impact of vaccine schedule and Immunisation Research Group, Melbourne School of change on Pertussis in Australia Population Health, University of Melbourne

27 Jun Professor Robert Power, Director, Centre for Harm Successes and challenges for HIV harm Reduction, Burnet Institute reduction targeting injecting drug users

11 Jul Ms Beth Wilson, Health Services Commissioner, Turning health complaints into quality Department of Human Services changes

25 Jul Professor Fiona Judd, Director, Centre for Women’s Mental Issues in women’s mental health Health, Royal Women’s Hospital

8 Aug Professor John Wiseman, Director, The McCaughey Developing and using community wellbeing Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, University indicators: An overview of the role and work of Melbourne of Community Indicators Victoria

18 Date Speaker Presentation

29 Aug Professor Ray Pawson, Professor of Social Research Educating Archie: post-Cochrane systematic Methodology, School of Sociology and Social Policy, reviews University of Leeds, United Kingdom

5 Sep Professor Donna Stewart, Senior Scientist, Division of International women’s health indicators Behavioural Sciences and Health, Toronto General Research (mental health, general health): A comparison Institute between Canada, Peru and Colombia

19 Sep Mr Shaun Ewen, Senior Lecturer and Deputy Director, Indigenous health research and teaching: A Academic Programs, Onemda VicHealth Koori Health cross-national case study from Australia and Unit, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Canada Melbourne & Ms Leah Walker, Director, Division of Aboriginal People’s Health, University of British Columbia

26 Sep Professor Dallas English, Director, Centre for Molecular, What do we know about preventing the Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, second five most common cancers? Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne

10 Oct Associate Professor Sean Clarke, University of The impact of workforce issues on Pennsylvania School of Nursing healthcare safety and quality * Joint seminar with the University of Melbourne School of Nursing

17 Oct Associate Professor Russell Gruen, Associate Professor Specialist outreach to remote Northern of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Territory communities: the effectiveness and Hospital, and Coordinating Editor, Australian Cochrane sustainability of provider-driven initiatives Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Satellite

31 Oct SPH Teaching, Research, Knowledge Transfer and N/A Professional Staff Awards Presentation

7 Nov Professor James Buchan, Faculty of Social Sciences and Nursing Shortages and “Scaling Up”: the UK Healthcare, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United and international recruitment of nurses Kingdom * Joint seminar with the University of Melbourne School of Nursing

14 Nov Professor Christopher Fairley, Professor of Sexual Health, Sex workers Sexual Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, and Director, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre

16 Nov Professor George Davey Smith, Department of Social Life course approaches to chronic disease Medicine, Bristol University, United Kingdom epidemiology – What do we know?

28 Nov Dr Shekhar Saxena, Coordinator, Mental Health: Evidence Global resources for mental health and Research, World Health Organisation

19 Website winner more than just about sex A website commissioned by the Key Centre for Women’s Health (KCWHS) won national and international awards in 2007. The sex education/ reproductive health website aimed at adolescents was commissioned by Professor Doreen Rosenthal AO, Director of the KCWHS. www.yoursexhealth.org Resource’ at the prestigious houses, universities and website has been recognised outscored entries by major Australian Teachers of Media schools. nationally and internationally. corporations from all over the (ATOM) Awards 2007. Although www.yoursexhealth. “Our goal was to create a world to be judged ‘Best in The ATOM awards org was not marketed resource for young people Class’ in the 2007 Interactive recognise excellence in overseas, it has attracted that was based on credible Media Awards for the more than 30 categories visitors from 129 countries research, presented in an education category. This is covering multimedia, film, since it was launched early in intriguing and creative way,” the highest honour bestowed television and animation. 2007. The website has been Professor Rosenthal says. by the New York-based Among the 128 finalists translated into French and “The feedback we’ve been Interactive Media Council. were entries from the Spanish. getting from all over the The website was also judged ABC, SBS, Channel Ten, Professor Rosenthal says world confirms that we have ‘Best Tertiary Education independent production she is very pleased that the succeeded.” Premier’s Award honors for researchers Two researchers connected to the working for aid agencies, Dr Cox Melburnians over 10 years, to track the Melbourne School of Population welcomes both the money and the link between obesity and cancer. Health were honoured in the recognition. She hopes to use the Dr MacInnis is currently based at prestigious 2007 Premier’s Award for $30,000 from the Smorgon family to the Genetic Epidemiology Unit at Medical Research. extend TB drug-resistance research Cambridge University, UK, but will in Cambodia, work which could Epidemiologist Dr Helen Cox has won return to MSPH next year. the 2007 Premier’s Award for Medical have significant implications for “It is certainly gratifying to know that Research. Dr Cox enrolled for her our region. Dr Cox, now based at the work I put in over the years into PhD at MSPH and was based at the the Burnet Institute in Melbourne, this research has had an impact on University‘s Australian International continues to work collaboratively health policy with the Cancer Council Health Institute, now part of the with the Nossal Institute. Nossal Institute for Global Health. Research into the links between Victoria’s campaign to reduce waist Dr Cox won $16,000 from the obesity and cancer has won size,” he says, “and that this has Victorian Government and $30,000 Dr Robert MacInnis an $8000 been formally recognised with the from the Jack and Robert Smorgon commendation in the awards. Premier’s Award Commendation.” Families Award. Now a Research Fellow at MSPH, Dr He says the recognition afforded by Dr Cox says the award has raised the MacInnis’s work for his PhD at MSPH the award may have contributed to profile of both tuberculosis research contributed to a Cancer Council further research opportunities in the and more broadly health issues in Victoria public education campaign form of an invitation to represent Australia. Her PhD research into focusing on the link between waist the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort multi-drug resistant tuberculosis circumference and cancer risk. Study in a world wide cohort was conducted while she worked Dr MacInnis used the Melbourne consortium which is investigating for Médecins Sans Frontières in Collaborative Cohort Study, which obesity/overweight and deaths from Uzbekistan. After many years of surveyed the health status of 41,528 all causes. 20 Staff LaTrobe, PhD, Melb (NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow) * Ya-seng_Hsueh, BPM Taiwan MHSA Michigan MAE *denotes part-time staff Michigan PhD Michigan School of Population Health Mark Jenkins, BSc Monash PhD Melb. Head of School and Associate Dean and Professor Margaret Kelaher, BSc (Psych) NSW PhD NSW Terence Nolan, BMedSc MB BS W.Aust. PhD McG. FRACP *Louise Keogh, BSc West.Aust. MA Monash PhD LaTrobe FAFPHM Shelley Mallett BAppSc LaTrobe BA LaTrobe PhD LaTrobe (Vic Health Public Health Research Fellow) Deputy Head of School and Professor Jodie McVernon, MB BS BMedSc Monash PhD Oxf. Ian Anderson, MB BS Melb. PhD LaTrobe Priscilla Pyett, BA Monash PhD Deakin Professors/Professorial Fellows Kevin Rowley, BAppSci RMIT PhD Melb. GradDipEpi Melb. *John Carlin, BSc W.Aust. PhD Harv *Julie Simpson, BSc Melb. PhD Open Uni UK Dallas English, BSc Melb. MS Wash. PhD Wash. (Professor PGDip(MathStat) Cambridge UK and Chair of Epidemiology and Biostatistics) *Jennifer Thomson, MB BS Monash MBiostats Melb. PhD John Hopper, BA Melb. BSc Monash MSc Monash PhD Melb. GDipEpiBio Melb. LaTrobe (NHMRC Australia Fellow) Deborah Warr BA Deakin, MA PhD Melb. Christopher Kincaid Fairley, MB BS Melb. PhD Monash *Henrietta Williams, MB BS Lond. MPH Monash DRCOGUK FRACP FAFPHM FAChSHM DCH MRCGP MFFP DipGUM FRACGP Marcia Langton, AM, BA (Hons) ANU, PhD Macquarie, FASSA Lecturers/Research Fellows *Janet McCalman, BA Melb. PhD ANU FAHA Carmel Apicella, BSc Monash MSc Melb. PhD Melb. Robin Room, BA Princeton MA(English) MA(Sociology) PhD GDipEpiBio Melb. Berkeley Hans Baer, BS Pennsylvania State U, MA Nebraska, PhD Doreen Rosenthal, AO, BA, PhD Melb. FASSA Utah. David Studdert, BA Melb. LLB Melb. MPH Harvard ScD *Bridget Bassilios, BSc Melb, GradDipBehHealth LaTrobe Harvard (Federation Fellow) D.Psych (Clin Health) Melb. Elizabeth Waters BSc Melb, PGradBusAdmin RMIT MPH *Rebecca Bentley, BBSc LaTrobe Monash PhD Oxf. Kathleen Brasher, CertGeneralNurs Royal Melb CertMidwifery John Wiseman, BA BSW Melb. PhD LaTrobe Monash BAppSc(Nursing) Monash GradDipArts Melb PhD Associate Professors/Principal Research Fellows Monash David Dunt, MB BS Melb. MAPrelim LaTrobe PhD Monash James Bradley, MA (Hons) History PhD Edinburgh, Dip IT FFPHM Dundee Lynn Gillam, BA Melb. MA Oxf. PhD Monash Viki Briggs, BA S.Aust. Jane Rosamond Fisher, BSc Qld. PhD Melb. Alison Brookes, BA Deakin PhD Deakin John Fitzgerald PhD Monash, PhD Melb. Xiaogang Chen, BSc Hangzhou MSc Changchun *Peter Greenberg, MB BS Melb. MD Melb. PhD Melb. FRACP PostgradDipIMGP ITC Netherlands PhD Melb. Marilys Guillemin, BAppSc RMIT MEd Murd. DipEd PhD Melb. Angela Clarke, BA VUT MPublHlth Deakin *Bridget Hsu-Hage, BSc Melb. GradDipBehHealth LaTrobe Clare Constantine, BSc W.Aust. PhD Murd. GDip(CompSci) D.Psych (Clin Health) Melb. Murd. Anne Kavanagh, MB BS Flinders PhD ANU FAFPHM Kyllie Cripps, BA S.Aust PhD Monash Steven Klimidis, BSc Monash PhD ANU Melanie Davern, BSc Melb BSc(Hons) Deakin PhD Deakin Anthony Lamontagne, BSc Mass MA Harvard ME Mass Sc.D Susan Day, BA Deakin BSW Melb. GradDipEval Melb. MA Harvard Monash PhD Melb. Martha MacIntyre, BA PhD ANU CertSocAnth Camb. Jodie Doyle DipNurs Deakin BNurs Deakin Harry Minas, MB BS BMedSc Melb. DPM FRANZCP GradDipHealthProm LaTrobe MPH LaTrobe MHlthSc Jane Pirkis, BA MPsych Tas. MAppEpi ANU PhD Melb. LaTrobe Senior Lecturers/Senior Research Fellows Gillian Dite, BSc,. PhD, GDipEpiBio Melb. Rebecca Armstrong BNurs/BAppSc(HealthProm)(Hons) James Dowty, BSc, PhD Melb. Deakin MPH Latrobe PhD Deakin *Peter Feldman, BA Tas. Catherine Bennett, BSc LaTrobe MAppEpi ANU PhD LaTrobe Elodie Fernandez, MSc Statistics Institut National Des Graham Byrnes, BSc Syd. PhD Syd. PGDip(AppStats) Melb. Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse, France *Steven Crowley, BAppSc Curtin MSc York MBA Monash *Justine Fletcher, B.Psych (Hons) Vic Uni. M.Psych (Clinical) PGDipDiet Deakin RMIT *Andrew Dalton, BEc MEc DipEd GDipHEcEval Monash Karin Hammarberg, RN BSc Sweden, MWH Melb, PhD Melb. Shyamali Dharmage, MB BS Colombo MSc Colombo MD *Helen Jordan, BSc GDipEd Melb. GDipEpi&Biostat Melb. Colombo PhD Monash Tessa Keegel, BA(Hons) Monash MA Monash Colleen Doyle, BA (Hons) MAPS Adel. PhD Melb. GradDipEpidBiostats Melb. Elise Davis BAppSc(Hons) Deakin PhD Deakin *Deborah Keys, BA Deakin PhD LaTrobe Shaun Ewen, BAppSc S.Aust. Tania King, BA BSc Melb. *Louisa Flander, BA G.Wash. MA G.Wash. MA RMIT PhD Maggie Kirkman, BA Melb. PhD LaTrobe Colorado *Fay Kohn, MA Deakin DEd Melb. DipPT Deakin GDipTESOL Bill Genat, BSc W.Aust. PhD W.Aust. Deakin Lisa Gibbs BSc (Hons) Melb PhD Deakin *Jennifer Livingston, BSc MEd DipEd Melb. Lyle Gurrin, BSc W.Aust. PhD W.Aust. Robert MacInnis, BSc Monash PhD Melb. GDipEpiBio Melb. Jane Hocking, BAppSc(MLS) RMIT, MPH, Melb, MHSc(PHP) Melanie Matheson, BSc Monash MAppSc RMIT PhD Monash 21 James McCaw, BSc PhD Melb. *Lukar Thornton, BSocSc (Environ) RMIT PGDip (Environ) *Rosemary McKenzie, BA Monash MPH Curtin Melb MEnv Melb PhD candidate Melb. PGDipHlthProm Curtin Gael Trytell, BSc Monash BA Swinburne Tania Nadalina Miletic, BA PGrad Psych Melb. MCertInterstudies ICU Tokyo MPubAdmin ICU Tokyo Professional Staff Johanna Monk, BA Melb. MA Monash Senior Professional Staff *Belinda Morley, BA Monash School Manager *Lucio Naccarella, BSc Adel. GDipMHS(Transcult) Melb. Leanne Taylor, BSc Deakin BHA NSW PGDipDiet Deakin *Carolyn Nickson, BA LaTrobe Grad Dip (Epi & Biostats) Melb MHSc LaTrobe PhD Melb. Information Technology Service Manager (South of *Nicholas Osborne, BSc Adel. BSc Flinders MAgSc Qld. PhD Grattan Street Cluster) Qld. Nick Golovachenko BA Syd. *Michael Otim, BSc Makerere Uni. Uganda MEcon Monash Academic Programs Manager GDipEc Newcastle PGDipHlthEc&Evln Monash Elizabeth Lagias Yin Paradies, BSc MMedStats MPH PhD Finance and Resources Officer *Susan Peake, Dip Ed Lon, BA (Hons) Qld, MMS Qld, PhD Fiona Kostidis BSc Melb. Melb. Personal Assistant to Head of School Gregory Phillips, BA Qld. MMedSc Qld. Nora Li Dip Exec Sec Studies HK Polytechnic *Anne-Maree Polimeni, BA (Hons) Swinburne PhD Swinburne Centre Managers Naomi Priest BAppSc(Hons) S Aust PhD Melb. Jenny Burchill BA VU *Helen Rawson, BSc Southbank MSc Oxford PhD Candidate Janine Campbell, BA Melb GradCertUM Melb. La Trobe Maggie Lenaghan, BA Monash BA(FineArt) Prahran GDipFA Elisha Riggs BAppSc(Hons) Deakin VCA GDipBusAdmin RMIT Belinda Robson BA(Hons) Melb MA Monash PhD Melb. *Tracey Mayhew Heather Rowe, BA LaTrobe PhD Melb. Felice Rocca, BA Melb. Therese Riley, B Soc Sci RMIT MA RMIT PhD RMIT Doug Scobie, BA Deakin *Helena Sandahl, MSc Gothen. BA (Hons) Melbourne DPsych Centre /Unit Staff Melbourne Maggie Angelakos, BSc Monash Katrina Scurrah, B.Math Newcastle PhD W.Aust. *Kelly Aujard, BInfoSys Swinburne *Ting Fang Shih, BS CMC Taiwan MPH Tulane USA DrPH Jennifer Boadle, BA Deakin Melb. *Jacqui Carter Paul Stewart, GDipIndigSt Syd MPublHlth Deakin Kim Dorrell, BA Qld Jennifer Stone, BSc Guelph MSc Guelph Emily England, BA/BSc La Trobe GDipEd Monash *Theonie Tacticos, BBus Monash GDipCommDevt RMIT Fiona Finlayson *Kui-siang Tay-Teo, BPharm Monash MPH(HlthEco) Melb. Kate Jenkins, DipBus RMIT David Thomas, MB BS Syd. MMedSci Newcastle PhD NTU Vicki King Lyndal Thomas, BSc Monash Debra Knoche, BA (Hons) Melb. *Pauline Van Dort, BA (Hons) Psych Swinburne Anita Lucas BSc Monash Sue West, BA Phillip IT MA RMIT Nicole McMillan *Michelle Williamson, BHlthSc LaTrobe Megan Mackay BAppSC (Human Movement) Deakin Senior Tutor AdvDipAppSc (Myotherapy) RMIT Ann Brothers, BA Melb. Judi Maskiell, BAppSc(Nurs) Monash GDipBusSt(Mgt) Monash Research Officers/Assistants Odette Mazel Kristie Adams, BSci Melb. GradDipEpi Melb. Adam Moffatt *Melanie Adams, BAppSci Deakin Niven Mathew BE TIEC, MIT Monash *Claudine Chionh, BA Melb. Giles Ng *Joanne Christo, BSc (Hons) Psych Vic Uni. DipApplSc Annie Nguyen, M Acct RMIT GDip Fin RMIT B Ec HCMC, (Nursing) Vic Uni. Vietnam *Angela Delle-Vergini, BA Vic Uni. Grad Dip (Psych) Vic Uni. Karen O’Brien MPsych (Counselling) Swinburne Shaie O’Brien BA Monash MA Monash Anne Cust, BSc Qld BA Qld MPH Sydney PhD Sydney *Leanne Prior *Jennifer Foord Judy Pryor *Alan Headey, BA Qld. Danielle Pullin BA Melb Kris Jamsen, BSc Michigan MBiostat Melb PGDip Melb. Caitlin Raynor Ana Lopez-Polin, BMedSc Melb. Jennifer Sievers BInfMan Monash Christopher Thomas McCaw, BA BSc Melb. Katie Symes, BA Melb. *Joan McPhee, BA Rutgers MNutr&Diet Deakin Vladimir Tittl Lauren Matheson, BA Calg. MWH Melb. Nicole Waddell Katherine Morley, BA Qld BSc Qld GCert(HEcon) Qld PhD Qld. Laura Thompson, BA BEd Deakin Amanda Richardson, RN Patricia Van Kampen *Janet Townsend, BA LaTrobe MA(AppSocRes) Monash Kellie Vizard, AdvCert(Admin) Box Hill TAFE, ADip(Bus) Box GDipWelfAdm Monash GDipEd Deakin Hill TAFE 22 Work driven by links between racism and health For Dr Yin Paradies (right), winning the 2007 NAIDOC Scholar of the Year award provided both personal inspiration and professional affirmation to continue his work. “It was really inspiring to be able to be honoured by my peers and the broader community. And sometimes in academia we can be fairly unseen and unacknowledged so having that type of award was also really positive in terms of recognition and moving forward in my research agenda,” he says. Dr Paradies’s work is driven by an overall aim of having the links between racism and health addressed as public health priorities. To this end he focuses on putting his research to work across a range of knowledge transfer avenues that can contribute to health policy and raise public awareness. Among his recent projects was his contribution to a significant 2007 VicHealth report, ‘More Than Tolerance: Embracing diversity for health’, which explored options for working against discrimination affecting migrant and refugee communities in Victoria. Also for VicHealth, he is evaluating an anti- discrimination intervention called, ‘Building Bridges’. “I’m involved also in a new ARC research grant about identifying the various forms of racism across Australia, and developing particular solutions that may be appropriate in local areas . . . This new work will help us to develop anti-racism tool kits that could later be used by local councils and other organisations.”

Nicole Waddell Robert Power, BSc Lond. PhD Lond. PGCE Lond. Joy Yeadon Edward William Russell, BA Melb. BEc Monash PhD Monash Jane Yule, BA Monash MA Monash GDipRec PhillipIT DipArchSt Lond. FAIM FIPAA(Vic) Anthony Scott, BA Northumbria MSc York PhD Aberd. Honorary Appointments Julian Savulescu, MB BS LaTrobe BMedSc LaTrobe PhD LaTrobe Professorial Fellows Haydn Walters, BA Oxford BMBCh Oxford MA Oxford MRCP Warwick Hugh Anderson, MB BS BMedSc MA MD Melb. PhD Lond. DM Oxford FRCP Lond. FRACP FCCP Penn. Principal Fellows with the title Associate Professor Ross Bailie, MBChB MPhil MD(CommHlth) CapeTown Donald Alexander Campbell, MBBS Monash MMedSc(Clin MRNZCGP FCCH(SA) FAFPHM Epi) Newcastle MD Monash FRACP Stephen Bird, BSc PhD Leic. PGCE ScEdu Sussex FIOB Christopher John Clements, MB BS. Lond. MSc Manchester FBASES DipChildHlth, RCP Lond. DipObst Auck. FAFPH MFPH Ron Borland, BSc Monash MSc Monash PhD Melb. MAPS MCCM LRCP MRCS John Nicholas Crofts, MB BS Melb. MPH Monash FAFPHM Alex Cohen, BA NY MA NY PhD UCLA Graham Giles, BSc MSc Mich. PhD Tas. Joan Cunningham, BA Harv. MLibArts Harv. PhD Harv. Margaret Ann Hamilton, BA MSW Mich. DipSocSt Peter William Deutschmann, MB BS MPHC FRACS Allan Kellehear, BA PhD Dorota Gertig, MB BS Monash MHSc(ClinEpi) UBC ScD(Epi) Lenore Hilda Manderson, BA(AsianSt) ANU PhD ANU FASSA Harv. FAFPHM (Australian Research Council Federation Fellow) William Hart, MB BS Monash MBScPrelim GDipCH LaTrobe John Mathews, AM, BSc Melb. MB BS Melb. MD Melb. PhD Fumi Horiguchi, BMed TokyoWmMed-College PhD Keio Melb. Hon DSc NT FRACP Susan Hurley, BPharm Vic.Coll.Pharm. MPharm Vic.Coll. FRCPA FAFPHM Pharm. MSc Wash. PhD Monash GAICD Alan Rob Moodie, MB BS Melb. MPH Harv. FAFPHM Damien John Jolley, BSc Melb. MSc Lond. MSc LaTrobe FRACGP DRACOG DTM Paris FAIM DipEd SCVic. 23 Heath Kelly, BSc MB BS MPH W.Aust. FAFPHM Stephanie Lenko, GDipOHP LaTrobe RN RM Vikram Patel, MB BS Bom. MSc Oxf. MRCPsych RCP (UK) Tania Lewis, BM BS Otago BA Canterbury MA Canterbury PhD Lond. PhD Melb. Kelly-Anne Phillips, MB BS Monash MD Monash FRACP Betty Yar Yuan Lim, BNurs Deakin RN Senior Fellows with the title Senior Lecturer Tamara Mackean, BM BS (hons) UNSW BM BS UWA James Francis Patrick Black, MB BS Monash MCommH Liv. MPH Adel. PhD Monash DTM&H Liv. FAFPHM Ethna Mary Macken, BA Swinburne DipAppSc PhillipIT RN John Carnie, MB BS. MMed Melb. MPH Harv. DipCH Ceylon Milica Markovic, BSoc MSoc Belgrade PhD Qld. DipCH Lond. MRCP(UK) FRACMA FAFPHM Brian McCoy, BA Melb. DipCrim Melb BTheol Melb. GradCert John Condon, MBBS Monash MPH Harvard CertHlthEcon Comm Mental Hlth Flinders PhD Melb. Monash PhD Charles Darwin Elizabeth McGrath, BA Melb. Michelle Haby de Sosa, BAppSc S.Aust. MAppSc Syd. PhD Roger Milne,BA Melb. BSW Melb. BComm Melb. GDipClinEpi Syd. Monash Wendy Holmes, MB BS MSc Lond. Penny Mitchell, BSc Psych NSW MPH Syd PhD Melb. Krishna Philip Hort, MB BS Syd. DRCOG Lond DTCH Alison Morgan, MB BS Syd. DRANZCOG DTM&H Liverpool Liverpool MCH NSW FAFPHM Christopher John Morgan, MB BS Syd. DTCH Liverpool James Humphery, BA MA MPhil Camb. PhD FRACP Robin Hyndman, BSc PhD Paula Nathan, AssDipMedLabSci RMIT Rosemary Ann Lester, MB BS Melb. MPH Monash MS(Epid) Kerry-Ann O’Grady, BScN JCU MAppEpid ANU GDipPH Syd. UCLA FAFPHM Aleck Ostrey, BSc UBC MSc UBC MA Simon Fraser PhD Duncan MacGregor, MB BS BMedSc PhD Melb. UBC Catherine Louise Mead, PSM MB BS DPH Syd. FRACMA Phillip Patterson, RN IDCert FAFPHM Michael Montalto, MB BS PhD DipRACOG Melb. FRACGP Michaela Riddell, BAppSc RMIT GDipEpiBio Melb. PhD Melb. Daniel Reidpath, BA Swinburne PhD W.Aust. DEdPsych Mary Rillstone, BA MHS DipTheoSt Otago Monash Jane Ryrie, RN Mohammad Siahpush, BS MS Utah MBiostats Melb. PhD Ohio Deborah Saunders, RN Julie Thacker, BSc W.Aust. PhD ANU GDipEd Curtin UCLES/ Gianluca Severi, BSc Genoa MSc Milan Italy PhD Milan Italy RSA CLEFLA Lond. PhD Birmingham UK Susan Treloar, BSocStud Syd. MSc Lond. MSW NSW PhD Qld. Serena Simms, RN Tarun Stephen Weeramanthri, MB BS W.Aust. Pamela Sinclair, DipAppSc RN DipTropMedHyg Lond. PhD Syd. FRACP FAFPHM Mary Rillstone, BA Otago MHS Otago DipTheoSt Otago Godfrey Woelk, BSc(Soc) MCommH PhD Wash. Jacinta Sonego, BAppSc LaTrobe RN Fellows with the title Lecturer Patricia Staig Karyn Alexander, MBChB Leicester MPH Monash Yvonne Stolk, BA MAResPsych MAClinical Psych PhD Melb. Laura Baglietto, BSc MSc Italy PhD Birm. Kirsty Maree Thompson, BAppSc(OT) Syd. John Biviano, BAppSc MBus RMIT GDipBus RMIT Loretta Thorn MB BS Melb. Michelle Boglis, RN Diane Tibbits, BSc PhD Monash GDip LaTrobe Janet Briggs, BAppSc DipAppSc LaTrobe RN RM Eve Urban, BN LaTrobe MEd Monash RN Clare Teresa Brophy, RN Sandra Walker, BA Swinburne GDipAppPsych VUT DPsych Richard Clark, BSc Melb. DHSc Deakin Swinburne RN RM Heather Elizabeth Dawson, BAppSci(Physio) Lincoln BEd Marie West, RN PGDipHlthResMethods LaTrobe MPH Monash Ann Westmore, BSc MSc PhD Melb. Richard Di Natale, MB BS Monash MPH MHSc LaTrobe Vanessa Wood, BAppSc Nsg LaTrobe GDip Mgmt VU FAFPHM FACRRM AdvSexualHealth Nurse Bircan Erbas, BSc Melb. MSc Melb. PhD Melb. Tiam Yap BAppSc RMIT Ashley Fletcher, BSc Monash MEpi GDipEpiBio Melb. Susan Foxman-Feldman, BA LaTrobe MA Adjunct Staff Jane Freemantle, PhD UWA Professors Craig Lindsay Matthew Fry, BSc Monash Sidney Bloch, MB ChB Capetown PhD ECFMG DipPsyMed Jane Gibson Sioban Nelson, BA LaTrobe PhD Griff. Elizabeth Hoban, BA Edith Cowan MTropHlth Qld PhD Melb. Loane Skene, LLM Monash LLB Barrister & Solicitor Victoria Sonja Hood, BA Melb. MSc Penn. Senior Research Fellow Cecily Hunter, BA Monash MSc Melb. PhD Melb. Jenny Lewis, BSc MEnvS PhD GDipRecPlng Canberra Marita Kefford, DipAppSc PhillipIT Harald Klein, BA Qld. PhD Monash GDipPubPol Ruth Lawrence, RN Senior Lecturers David Michael Lee, BAppSc(UTS) DrPH Melb. MPH Tim Marjoribanks, PhD Harv. GDip(CritCare) Syd. FRCNA FCN Rosemary Robins, BA PhD NSW 24 Melbourne School of Population Health MEGA Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology Annual Report 2007

Overview EPI/BIO SPECIALIST DEGREE ENROLMENTS BY YEAR The Centre completed a TOTAL STUDENT COUNT INTERNATIONAL LOCAL successful year in 2007 as 90 the detailed reports here indicate. Its contribution to 80 the School of Population 70 Health’s postgraduate and 60 undergraduate teaching 50 programs is substantial and continues to grow. The 40 feedback from students 30 on the Centre’s quality of 20 teaching was excellent. 10 Director of the Centre for A PhD student, Robert Molecular, Environmental, MacInnis, received a 0 2005 2006 2007 Genetic and Analytic commendation in the Epidemiology, Professor Premier’s Award for Medical Awards. Professor John One of the Centre’s specialist Dallas English. Research. The Centre had Carlin received the subjects, Infectious Disease substantial research output MSPHSPH COMP award in ETION 2006 Epidemiology, IALIS TION MPHint oduced & SP in terms of peer-reviewed for the development of in 2003, attracted the The Centre for Molecular, C PL TIO S publications and had great the Biostatistics suite of highest enrolments of any Environmental, Genetic 5 success in winning new programs and in 2007 Masters level subject in the and Analytic (MEGA) competitive grants. the MEGA teaching team, School in 2007 (n=43) while Epidemiology’s aim is Professor John Hopper’s who re-developed the maintaining high overall outstanding research Epidemiology programs in student ratings for “is this to develop, promote 3 and consolidate achievements were the Master of Epidemiology subject well taught” (4.7/5). recognised by the award and MPH, received an award Enrolments at course 30 epidemiologic research of an inaugural NHMRC for excellence in teaching level were also higher in and teaching. The Centre Australia Fellowship. and learning. 2007. The maturation of houses the Australian The prestigious Australia We have also had individual the Biostatistics programs Fellowships are awarded subject success stories. and the restructure of the Twin Registry and has 20 to researchers with an The introductory statistics epidemiology curriculum strong links with the exemplary record of subject coordinated by has resulted in the centre 15 Genetic Epidemiology achievements in a variety of Julie Simpson in the MPH attracting higher numbers of Laboratory in the fields. program delivered by the both international and local 1 students to our specialty Department of Pathology, Teaching and Victorian Consortium for Public Health was rated very programs. University of Melbourne. learning highly by students across all In addition, the The Centre delivers universities, and achieved epidemiology/biostatistics postgraduate coursework its0 highest studentPI/BIO feedbackINTERN T Lstream withinNS theHE MPH LTH EC HT A TH GO programs in Epidemiology for the quality of the lectures program continues to be and Biostatistics. Both in the 10 years since the the most popular stream streams have now been joint foundation program choice within those offered recognised with School commenced (scored 4.5 out by the School, and with the Teaching and Learning of a possible 5). number of MPH students 25

on the increase, so too are Occupational Dermatology diseases both in children in the 1968 Tasmanian the number completing the Research and Education and adults, and thereby Asthma Study, their epidemiology/biostatistics Centre, Victorian Water to contribute to the parents and siblings. This stream. When MPH Trust, and other external development of interventions is currently funded by the specialties and our specialist foundations and bequests. that could be directed at NHMRC project grants degrees are combined, the PhD sponsorship was the population level, at scheme, Tasmanian Asthma steady growth in successful received from within high-risk groups, or at Foundation, Victorian completions is strong, rising the University and CRC individuals. Over the past Asthma Foundation, GSK by more than 100% in 2006, Aboriginal Health, Dairy seven years, this program and Sypkes Trust. The 40- and a further 40% in 2007. Australia, DHS, NARI and has provided training year follow-up of the siblings Our contribution to the NHMRC. opportunities for a number commenced with a postal of honours and doctoral School’s total completions Several new grants were survey of 21,000 siblings. students, and post doctoral has also risen over this time, awarded in 2007. These The Centre, in collaboration researchers to undertake from 21% in 2005, to 32% in include eight NHMRC grants, with the Murdoch Childrens ground-breaking research 2006, and 36% by 2007. including an inaugural Research Institute and the at the forefront of airway Australia Fellowship to Royal Children’s Hospital, Research disease research. Currently John Hopper and a Career is investigating the natural During 2007, academic staff four PhD students and two Development Award to history, environmental of the Centre were first- postdoctoral research fellows and genetic risk factors Shyamali Dharmage; two named investigators on five are conducting their research for childhood asthma and Cancer Australia grants; NHMRC project grants and within this research program. allergies using a population- three Victorian Cancer chief investigators on nine Over 2007, the research based prospective study of Agency grants; and two NIH other successful NHMRC conducted within this a high risk cohort of children (USA) subawards. grants; three NIH; one ARC program has been published born from 1991-94 (the and nine other ongoing We published 72 peer- in high impact journals, Melbourne Atopic Cohort grants. Staff also maintain reviewed articles on a wide including the world’s top Study). The 15-year follow- research collaborations variety of topics. A common allergy journal, and the up of the MACS cohort with numerous national and theme was the use of researchers have frequently including their parents and international projects. advanced epidemiological been interviewed by the siblings is now funded by a and statistical methods Actual income from research media. Healthy Start to Life for All applied to molecular, clinical grants in 2007 was $4.9 This program mainly Australians NHMRC strategic and public health problems. million, including funding encompasses two world- award and will commence at from NIH (USA), NHMRC Major research class longitudinal studies the beginning of 2008. Fellowships, a NHMRC programs and is funded by a number In addition, the researchers of external funding bodies, Capacity Building Grant in Asthma, allergy and of this program are Population Health Research, including NHMRC. collaborating with other local other respiratory a NHMRC Enabling Grant, The Centre, in collaboration and international research NHMRC project grants, disease with Monash University and groups working in this a NHMRC Strategic The research program on the University of Tasmania, research area. The Centre Award Grant, Career allergy, asthma and other is investigating the natural is part of an international Development Awards, an respiratory disease at history, environmental working group investigating ARC development project, the Centre is headed by and genetic risk factors early-life risk factors for NHMRC postdoctoral Dr Shyamali Dharmage. for adult asthma and asthma in collaboration fellowships, along with The aim of this program chronic obstructive with Haraldsplass Hospital, University of Melbourne is to understand the pulmonary disease using Bergen, Norway, and the support, Cancer Council complex interplay between a large population-based Department of Public Victoria, National Breast environmental and genetic prospective study of the Health Sciences, King’s Cancer Foundation, risk factors for these 1961 birth cohort enrolled College London. This is 26

a working group within the European Community SPH COMPLETIONS BY SPECIALISATION (MPH & SPECIALIST DEGREES) Respiratory Health Survey COMPLETIONS 2005 2006 2007 that has been conducted in 45 56 centres in 28 countries, including Australia. A 40 separate collaboration with the Royal Children’s 35 Hospital is investigating the prevalence of food allergy 30 and its risk factors among infants, which is a population 25 based cross sectional study funded by NHMRC. The 20 Centre is part of a study investigating the impact of 15 air pollutants and pollen on asthma hospital admissions 10 conducted by the La Trobe University in collaboration 5 with the Department of Human Services and Monash University. The Centre also 0 EPI/BIO INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S HEALTH ECONOMICS/ SOCIAL SEXUAL HEALTH HEALTH PRGO EVALUATION HEALTH HEALTH has a collaborative study of occupational allergy Cancer Family Registry, Health (USA). The analysis samples, epidemiological underway. This is a study the Australasian Colorectal of genetic mutations and questionnaires, tumour of prognostic indicators Cancer Family Registry, variants is a common thread samples, medical records, for occupational contact the Australian Melanoma to all studies and much of dietary questionnaires and dermatitis in collaboration Family Study, the Victorian this work is being conducted family cancer histories from with the Occupational Size: 88mm w de 6 0mm Paediatric Cancer Family in the Genetic Epidemiology more than 28,000 individuals Dermatology Research Study,F Australian : l iProstate N Laboratory in the Department from over 7400 families. & Education Centre, i.e. CancerMain colorFamily CStudy 00, (in M ofK21 Pathology at The This study is funded by Skin Watch Study, and is conjunction with The Cancer University of Melbourne. the National Institutes of currently following up a Council Victoria), and The Health (USA) as part of an cohort of 600 workers who The Australasian Colorectal Twins and Sisters Study international consortium, have been diagnosed as Cancer Family Study is of Mammographic Breast the Colon Cancer Family having occupational contact Australia’s foremost resource Density (in conjunction with Registry. Other collaborating dermatitis. for research into the genetic the University of Toronto and and environmental causes of institutions include the Mayo Family studies of cancer theSize: Queensland 133 mm Institute wide tbowel 90mm cancer. The Principal Clinic, the Fred Hutchinson This program of research ofF Medical nts Helvetica Research) Ne are Investigator, Professor John Cancer Research Center, is headed by Professor large population based and Hopper, in collaboration the University of Hawaii, John Hopper. The Centre clinicMain based color case C100, control M58 K21with Professor Jeremy Jass Cancer Care Ontario, and has pioneered population family studies funded by and colleagues throughout the University of Southern based family studies of the National Health and Australia and New Zealand, California. More than 13,000 cancer that are emerging Medical Research Council has been awarded $16.7 families have been recruited. as a standard for genetic (NHMRC), VicHealth, the million over 10 years to Major funded projects epidemiological research. NSW Cancer Council and recruit colorectal cancer stemming from the Colon The Australian Breast the National Institutes of families, and collect blood CFR include: studies to 27 identify new genes for bowel prostate cancer, risk factors symptoms of disease. the resources of a large, cancer; studies on bowel for gastro-oesophageal Reasons for the difference population based cohort cancer aetiology including reflux disease and Barrett’s in disease risk between study can be combined molecular pathways; studies oesophagus (a precursor men and women, and effectively with health on the risk of cancer in to oesophageal cancer), the identification of other services databases to carriers of mutations in risk factors for molecular genetic and environmental answers questions about known high risk genes; and subtypes of colorectal modifiers (using genotyping chronic conditions of adult studies on cancer prevention cancer and risk factors for of iron-related genes from life and promote healthy including screening – as well breast cancer. collected blood samples and ageing. the extensive databases of as over 100 other studies Hereditary Statistical methods related to bowel cancer. questionnaire responses) will Haemochromatosis The Australasian Colorectal be the focus of research on This program of research is Cancer Family Study is This program of research the HealthIron project over headed by Professor John expected to continue is headed by Dr Lyle Gurrin the next year. Hopper. Methodological research in biostatistics has recruitment and follow-up and Associate Professor Investigators from the focused on the development of all participants under new Katie Allen from the HealthIron study at and refinement of methods funding in 2008 for a further Murdoch Childrens Research the Centre for MEGA for genetic epidemiology four years. Institute. Between 2003 Epidemiology, The Cancer and 2006, more than 1000 and for the analysis of The Melbourne Council Victoria and the participants in the Melbourne Murdoch Childrens Research correlated data more Collaborative Cohort Collaborative Cohort Study generally. These include Study Institute have been awarded (which started in the early a project grant from the methods of clustering and The Melbourne Collaborative 1990s) were recruited by National Health and Medical data reduction for extracting Cohort Study (MCCS) is the HealthIron study, an Research Council to link relevant information from conducted by The Cancer investigation into the genetic records from the HealthIron pathology data, optimising Council Victoria and is and environmental modifiers database to the Australian design of genome-wide headed by Professor Graham of inherited disease of iron Red Cross Blood Service scans and methods for Giles (honorary professorial overload known as hereditary to obtain details of the analysing data from families, fellow). Professors Dallas haemochromatosis. These blood donation history of for both continuous and English and John Hopper participants visited a HealthIron participants. binary outcomes. These are chief investigators on study centre in Carlton, Although hereditary studies help us understand the study and it represents provided blood samples, haemochromatosis can the aetiology of disease and Professor English’s main completed questionnaires be both treated and provide opportunities for research interest. It is a and underwent a clinical prevented by regular blood public health interventions prospective cohort study examination. Analysis of donation, it is not known such as targeted screening of 41,528 people (17,049 data during 2007 revealed how frequently those at of high risk individuals and men, 24,479 women) aged that those experiencing iron genetic risk of iron overload families. between 40 and 69 years at overload are much more need to donate blood for Community-Onset recruitment, which occurred likely to have symptoms them to benefit from it, and Staphylococcus aureus between 1990 and 1994. of serious disease than whether the age at which Household Cohort study An unusual feature of the previously thought. Almost people start donating blood study is that 25 percent of 30 percent of men who are is important. The aim of This research program participants are migrants genetically predisposed to this study will determine is led by Dr Catherine to Australia from Italy and accumulate too much iron whether earlier treatment Bennett. The Centre is Greece. These migrants in their body (due to having by blood removal is more leading research on the were included to increase two faulty copies of the effective at preventing epidemiology of community- the variability in lifestyle and HFE [haemochromatosis] disease than treatment after onset Staphylococcus aureus genetic factors. The main gene) had signs of iron diagnosis when symptoms infections, and virulent focus of the study to date overload related disease are already present. Results antibiotic resistant ‘MRSA’ has been on identifying risk such as fatigue, arthritis, from this new work will or ‘superbug’ strains in factors for cancer, type 2 abnormal liver function tests have important implications particular. We are among the diabetes, cardiovascular or signs of liver damage. for the cost-effectiveness first researchers globally to disease, eye disease and Women with the same of population genetic recognise MRSA as being arthritis. During 2007, new genetic predisposition to screening for hereditary more then a hospital-based grants were awarded to iron overload had only haemochromatosis. We issue, and to approach study the role of infection a one percent chance hope that this collaborative this as a community-wide and inflammation in causing of developing signs and project will demonstrate that public health problem. 28 Fellowship to expand pioneering research The School of Population Health’s Professor John Hopper has already started putting his 2007 Australian Fellowship – for which funding commenced in October 2007– to work. Worth $4 million over five years, this highly prestigious award enables the Director (Research) and Professorial Fellow of MEGA (Molecular Environmental Genetic & Analytic Epidemiology) to expand his pioneering Collaborative effort: “We are now at the cutting edge of cancer genetics world-wide,” says research. Professor Hopper. “It has taken years of work to get to this position.” Over a 15-year period, University of Melbourne, before age 40. “By studying these patients. Substantial Professor Hopper has across Australia and around early onset cancers, savings in public health become internationally the world. Working closely genetic factors are more expenditure would result renowned as a leader in with Professor Graham likely to play an important from offering genetic genetic epidemiology and Giles, the Director of the role, and we are more testing to these patients, was recently named as a Cancer Epidemiology Centre likely to identify those rather than the traditional Member of the Order of at The Cancer Council of genes because more of the model of testing only Australia (AM). His citation Victoria, Professor Hopper previous generations are families who present in the 2008 Australia Day has developed extensive living.” themselves to genetic- honours noted his service resources – including DNA Professor Hopper and testing clinics, he says. to public health and the samples from 100,000 colleagues have identified “For over 50% of the biomedical sciences, Australians – that provide that there are very high people we test we will be particularly in the field of a solid foundation for an risks of early onset breast finding mutation carriers genetic epidemiology as an intensive, well-structured and colorectal cancer that whereas at the moment, academic and researcher, research program. “We are appear to have a familial through the current cancer and to the Australian Twin now at the cutting edge nature, if not a genetic family genetic services, Registry. of cancer genetics world- cause, suggesting there are that figure is about 10 to Drawing upon large wide,” Professor Hopper genes yet to be discovered. 20%.” population-based studies, says. “It has taken years of “One of our major efforts Those who are identified he investigates the roles of work to get to this position.” will be to find early onset as mutation carriers and genetic and environmental He cites two defining cancer genes that have not their carrier relatives factors on risks of breast characteristics of their been identified by previous then have a much better cancer, colorectal cancer, work: it takes a population- studies.” chance to minimise their early childhood cancer, based perspective and He says they are future cancer risks and/or melanoma, prostate cancer it focuses on early onset developing new protocols get better treatment. “By and other diseases. disease. Examples of to rapidly identify mutation taking a population-based Professor Hopper’s work the latter include breast carriers among people approach to targeted is highly collaborative, cancers before age 40, with early onset cancers genetic testing, we can use relying for its success colorectal cancers before by working with surgeons genetic knowledge to save on networks within the age 45 and melanomas and hospitals that treat lives.” 29 The collaborative research achievements over Year 2 There was an email-based staffing a booth at the group combines Centre and Year 3 of the current promotional campaign to conference venue. Many expertise in infectious NHMRC Enabling Grant. universities Australia wide ATR-supported studies disease epidemiology with The ATR Advisory Board met to encourage interest in presented their results at the clinical (Austin Health) throughout 2007, accepting utilising ATR and the ATR- conference. Our relationship and laboratory capacity four new members. Sue awarded Round 3 and 4 with the Australian Multiple (Royal Perth Hospital and Treloar resigned as Deputy of the ATR Travel Grant Birth Association led to Dorevitch Pathology). Our Director of ATR, and Debra Scheme totalling $10,000. presentations on the ATR pilot research work started Foley was accepted into the This funding was provided and genetics of twinning in 2004 and anticipated role. to researchers to continue to at the AMBA NSW State the international interest Capacity Building: In promote and improve their Symposium and the AMBA now being focussed on terms of our efforts to skills in twin research. A National Convention. this problem. In 2007, we build the capacity of the workshop exploring research Research: Several important took our pilot findings to ATR, the project ‘Mothers utilising twin children was studies began in 2007: the international research and Twin Children (match)’ convened which stimulated Garland (HPV/Cervical community at the 47th was launched and began conversation to encourage Cancer risk factors), Trollor Annual Interscience recruitment. This project use of this underutilised (Brain Ageing), Greene Conference on Antimicrobial aims to recruit mothers cohort. (Calcium in Teens), Fatkin Agents & Chemotherapy pregnant with twins. Data The Stakeholder Survey (Atrial Fibrillation), Dent/Hay in Chicago, and we were collection is undertaken project initiated during (Attention), Halliday (Folate) awarded a project grant throughout the pregnancy 2006 was completed and and Champion (Growing by the NHMRC to expand and includes the collection a report delivered to key Pains). Recruitment for 18 this work into a substantial of cord blood samples at stakeholders. This report studies was conducted community-based study. the time of birth. The ATR outlined a range of actions throughout 2007 (total Australian Twin Registry also continued work on the ATR will take to improve activity 100 mailouts, in (ATR) consolidation with the West facilitation of twin research excess of 8085 mailed Professor John Hopper is the Australian Twin Registry across Australia. approaches – number Director of the ATR. During (WATR) and the West The start of the year saw of approaches reduced 2007 the ATR continued to Australian Twin Children our online registration due to increase in use of develop and improve service study (WATCH), including system launched via the telephone follow-up). New levels to the Twin Research a facilitation workshop to revamped website, which studies in development community. define shared goals and an led to an increase in monthly during 2007 scheduled action plan. for commencement 2008 Governance: The registrations of 36 percent. (pending final approval) development of an Operational Projects: The ATR The ATR also sponsored Manual covering all policy completed an electronic the ‘Bundles for Multiples’ include: Marks (Reasoning), and procedure undertaken back-up of all registration Australian Multiple Birth Seeman (Menopause) and by ATR and the subsequent documentation in Association initiative, which Mayberry (Autism). Human Research Ethics conjunction with The will assist in recruitment of Community Committee approval of this University of Melbourne members. document was a highlight of Imaging Department. Conferences: Sue Treloar, activities the work of the Management This was to ensure that ATR Deputy Director, John Staff of the Centre have Group and Advisory Board. this business critical Hopper, ATR Director, many varied and influential This clarification also resulted documentation was and Supriya Raj, Match external advisory roles in a review and update backed up and easily Coordinator, presented ATR related to research policy, of the fees and charging accessible to ATR staff. work at the International policy and practice of public policy of the ATR. The ATR A Data Archiving Project Congress on Twin studies health and policy related to also published a mid-grant subcommittee was formed (ICTS) in Ghent, Belgium. teaching of public health. report to stakeholders (ATR and recommendations were The ATR sponsored the Gene These include memberships Annual Report 2005-2007), made to the ATR Advisory Mappers 2007 Conference of boards and advisory which outlined activities and Board. in Brisbane, which included committees, memberships 30 of grant review panels and Institute’s Epidemiology and Shen CY, Wu PE, Wang HC, enormous sample size of membership of Human Genetics Research Program. Eccles D, Evans DG, Peto J, the replication study (50,000 Research Ethics Committees. Apicella C, Dowty JG, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Seal cases and controls), the S, Stratton MR, Rahman N, Publication Dite GS, Jenkins MA, results have high credibility. Senie RT, Daly MB, Andrulis Chenevix-Trench G, Bojesen The Australian Breast highlights IL, John EM, Buys SS, Li SE, Nordestgaard BG, Cancer Family Study and For a full list of publications, FP, Glendon G, Chung W, Axelsson CK, Garcia-Closas the Melbourne Collaborative see the 2007 Publications Ozcelik H, Miron A, Kotar M, Brinton L, Chanock S, Cohort Study (Health 2020) Report, page 93. K, Southey MC, Foulkes Lissowska J, Peplonska B, contributed the vast majority Nevanlinna H, Fagerholm R, of the Australian samples to Jenkins MA, Hayashi S, WD, Hopper JL. Validation Eerola H, Kang D, Yoo KY, this endeavor, which in total O’Shea AM, Burgart LJ, study of the LAMBDA Noh DY, Ahn SH, Hunter was about 10 percent of the Smyrk TC, Shimizu D, Waring model for predicting the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation DJ, Hankinson SE, Cox replication data set. PM, Ruszkiewicz AR, Pollett DG, Hall P, Wedren S, Liu carrier status of North Matheson MC, B Erbas, AF, Redston M, Barker MA, J, Low YL, Bogdanova American Ashkenazi Jewish Balasuriya A, Jenkins MA, Baron JA, Casey GR, Dowty N, Schürmann P, Dörk T, women. Clin Genet. 2007 Wharton CL, MLK Tang, JG, Giles GG, Limburg Tollenaar RA, Jacobi CE, Aug;72(2):87-97 Abramson MJ, Walters EH, P, Newcomb P, Young JP, Devilee P, Klijn JG, Sigurdson Hopper JL, Dharmage SC. Walsh MD, Thibodeau SN, In collaboration with UK AJ, Doody MM, Alexander Breastfeeding and Atopic Lindor NM, Lemarchand colleagues, we developed BH, Zhang J, Cox A, Brock Disease: A Cohort Study L, Gallinger S, Haile RW, a simple algorithm, called IW, MacPherson G, Reed from Childhood to Middle- Potter JD, Hopper JL, Jass LAMBDA, for estimating the MW, Couch FJ, Goode EL, JR. Colon Cancer Family probability that an Ashkenazi Olson JE, Meijers-Heijboer age. Journal of Allergy Registry. Pathology features Jewish woman carries a H, van den Ouweland A, and Clinical Immunology. in Bethesda guidelines founder mutation in the Uitterlinden A, Rivadeneira 2007;120(5):1051-7. predict colorectal cancer genes BRCA1 or BRAC2, F, Milne RL, Ribas G, (IF=8.829) microsatellite instability: and thereby placing her at a Gonzalez-Neira A, Benitez The literature regarding a population-based high risk of developing breast J, Hopper JL, McCredie the association between study. Gastroenterology. and/or ovarian cancer. This M, Southey M, Giles GG, breastfeeding and atopic 2007;33:48-56 paper presents a validation Schroen C, Justenhoven C, diseases has been This is an international of LAMBDA using data from Brauch H, Hamann U, Ko contradictory. Possible collaborative study of the North America. LAMBDA YD, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, explanation for these pathology of over 1000 performed excellently, and Chen X; kConFab; AOCS discrepancies includes colorectal cancer study better than other computer Management Group, differing duration of follow- participants from three models such as BRCAPRO. Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, up, variation in breastfeeding countries that identified LAMBDA does not require a Kataja V, Hartikainen J, Day duration and difference specific pathological features computer and can be readily NE, Cox DR, Ponder BA. in asthma definition. that could be clinically used by women and health Genome-wide association Furthermore, while several used to triage tumours for professionals. study identifies novel breast studies have examined risk mismatch repair function. Easton DF, Pooley KA, cancer susceptibility loci. of asthma and atopy into The clinical implications of Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Nature 2007;447:1087-93. early adolescence, fewer these findings, which were Thompson D, Ballinger DG, This high profile paper, have followed subjects into published in the leading Struewing JP, Morrison J, published in Nature, is adulthood and none into colorectal disease journal, Field H, Luben R, Wareham the result of a worldwide middle-age. This is the first Gastroenterology, was that N, Ahmed S, Healey CS, collaboration to find new study that prospectively mismatch repair function Bowman R; SEARCH genes involved with breast examined the effect of tests on about half of collaborators, Meyer KB, cancer risk. It identified exclusive breastfeeding in early-onset tumours could Haiman CA, Kolonel LK, six new “loci” of which the first three months of life be avoided. It has been Henderson BE, Le Marchand there are common markers on risk of current asthma and nominated as a “top pick” L, Brennan P, Sangrajrang (SNPs) associated with small atopy throughout childhood by the National Cancer S, Gaborieau V, Odefrey F, increased risks. Due to the and into middle age. Our 31 study found at age seven, and allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp implications for health care optimum cut-offs vary by exclusively breastfed children Allergy 2007;37:1624-31. policy on how this test is ethnic group, age, gender with a maternal history Eczema in early life affects provided. and population prevalence of atopy had a marginally approximately 20 percent of These findings have attracted of diabetes. Previous lesser risk of current asthma babies, and it is believed to widespread media interest. studies have demonstrated than those not exclusively be a risk factor for childhood The University of Melbourne that HbA1c has less breastfed. However after asthma and hay-fever. It highlighted this study in intra-individual variation age seven the risk reversed has been suggested that Melbourne University Visions and better predicts both and exclusively breastfed this increased risk may (episode 18), while Channel micro- and macrovascular children had an increased be greater in toddlers 10 reported these results to a complications. Although risk of current asthma at 14, with atopic eczema (with national television audience. the current cost of HbA1c 32 and 44 years. Exclusively allergic sensitisation), In addition, the study findings is higher than FPG, the breastfed children also rather than those with non- have been summarised in additional benefits in had a reduced risk of food atopic eczema (without national radio programs predicting costly preventable allergy at age seven but sensitisation). In this paper, and in newspapers. A clinical complications may an increased risk of food we found that infants with representative of the make this a cost-effective allergy and allergic rhinitis atopic eczema had an Department of Health and choice. at 44 years. The current almost three-fold higher risk Ageing requested a copy of Milne E, Simpson JA, clinical recommendation of childhood asthma and this manuscript to brief the Johnston R, Giles-Corti B, is to breastfeed high risk hay-fever than infants with minister on these findings. English DR. Time spent infants for protection against non-atopic eczema. The risk outdoors at midday and asthma and allergic disease. Bennett CM, Gao M, was even greater if the child children’s body mass Our study suggests that Dharmage S. HbA1c as a index. Am J Public Health breastfeeding of these had a very large skin prick screening tool for detection 2007;97:306-10 infants can be recommended test reaction. This indicates of type 2 diabetes: A for protection against early that there are at least two systematic review. Diabet. This publication arose from wheezing illness, however forms of eczema, and that Med. 2007;24:333–343. an intervention to reduce sun it should be reconsidered the prognosis of atopic and A systematic review of nine exposure in primary school for protection against non-atopic eczema are quite primary cross-sectional children in Western Australia. allergic asthma and atopy different. studies was conducted Sun exposure is the main in the longer term. This This paper has implications to assess the validity of cause of skin cancer, which paper was published in for research, clinical glycated haemoglobin A1c is particularly common in the Journal of Allergy practice and health policy. (HbA1c) as a screening Australia. Previous papers had and Clinical Immunology, Separating atopic and non- tool for early detection of shown that the intervention which is the highest atopic eczema may aid in Type 2 diabetes using the was effective in reducing ranking allergy journal. It discovering risk factors oral glucose tolerance test the time that children spent received considerable local for each form of eczema, as the reference standard outdoors in the middle of and international media as it seems likely that and fasting plasma glucose the day. Of concern was the attention. The paper also the risk factors for these (FPG) as a comparison. We possibility that the intervention provides further evidence conditions are different. found HbA1c and FPG to be might have caused children for the modification of This work also indicates equally effective screening to become more sedentary clinical guidelines regarding that skin prick testing of tools for the detection of and hence increase their protection against asthma eczematous infants is useful Type 2 diabetes. The HbA1c risk of becoming overweight and allergies. in identifying children at cut-off point of > 6.1 percent or obese. This publication Lowe AJ, Hosking CS, the greatest risk of asthma was the recommended showed that this was not the Bennett CM, Carlin JB, and hay-fever. As skin optimum cut-off point for case. Thus, sun exposure Abramson MJ, Hill DJ, prick testing is limited HbA1c in most reviewed can be reduced without Dharmage, SC. Skin prick outside specialist allergy studies; however, there is compromising other important test can identify eczematous centres, which have long an argument for population- components of promoting infants at risk of asthma waiting lists, there are also specific cut-off points as health. 32 Melbourne School of Population Health CHS Centre for Health and Society

Annual Report 2007

Overview team being awarded an appointment of Associate inaugural Vice-Chancellor’s Professor John Fitzgerald, This year saw the Centre Knowledge Transfer Award. Principal Research Fellow for Health and Society This project outlines at the Centre for Health and (CHS) continue to grow Society, as the inaugural both in terms of size and agreements with Indigenous Associate Dean (Knowledge productivity. We welcomed people across various Transfer) in the Faculty of Professor Marcia Langton, jurisdictions and has led to Medicine, Dentistry and Foundation Professor of an internationally-recognised Health Sciences. Australian Indigenous resource which is publicly Studies at the University of accessible. In addition to John’s Melbourne, and her team. The project, involving a appointment was his Our position as a joint number of industry partners, innovative work in centre within the Faculty has played an important role developing and curating the Director of the Centre of Medicine, Dentistry and in agreement-making by Needle and Syringe Culture for Health and Society, Health Sciences and the highlighting the importance Exhibition (18–28 July). Professor Ian Anderson. Faculty of Arts was further of proper processes needed The exhibition featured 35 strengthened with the new to monitor and evaluate interviews and micro movies The key focus for the appointment of Dr James the benefits (and pitfalls) of with people who are involved Centre for Health and Bradley, a medical historian agreements to all signatories. with syringes – including who is jointly working The ATNS website receives a syringe disposal worker, Society (CHS) is the with CHS and History and an average of more than immunisation clinic workers, interdisciplinary study Philosophy of Science. 460,000 hits each month. drug users, and a family with twin sons who have type 1 of health, illness and As the University of For further information diabetes. It also included Melbourne moves towards about the ATNS project healthcare in local, a number of needles and the Melbourne Model with and the award, see http:// national and international syringes from the University’s its emphasis on Knowledge www.atns.net.au/ or http:// Medical History Museum. To settings. The Centre Transfer/Exchange, CHS www.knowledgetransfer. view the catalogue from the brings perspectives from continues to foster and grow unimelb.edu.au/KT_NOV07_ exhibition, see http://www. its long-term commitment in webversion.pdf the humanities and social this area. Since the inception nspresearch.unimelb.edu.au/ sciences to the study of of CHS and the Onemda In addition to this pods/catalogue.pdf achievement, Priscilla medical science, clinical VicHealth Koori Health To assist the Centre with Pyett and Deborah Warr and public health practice Unit, one of the Centre’s its strategic development achievements has been its were awarded a University and management, a new and health policy. commitment to building and of Melbourne Knowledge Advisory Committee was nurturing relationships, which Transfer Grant to examine established in February has led to a strong record models of community 2007. The CHS Advisory in Knowledge Transfer/ development in collaborative Committee will assist the Exchange. health research, where Centre to develop links In 2007, these achievements universities engage with between its academic included, firstly, Professor disadvantaged communities teaching and research Marcia Langton, Odette to conduct health research. program and stakeholders Mazel and the Agreements, Another achievement in the in the community, health Treaties and Negotiated area of Knowledge Transfer/ professions and policy Settlements (ATNS) project Exchange in 2007 was the sector; provide advice on 33 strategies of engagement Aboriginal health LIME Connection, and it was Teaching and with the University of programs announced that the LIME learning Melbourne Growing Esteem network would be funded for This year saw Onemda a further 12 months. Undergraduate agenda; and assist the VicHealth Koori Health Centre in developing its Unit strengthen its existing The teaching program CHS staff members national and international relationships at local, national delivered by Onemda continued to play a major role profile. and international levels. The continued to consolidate its in curriculum development, We are grateful to the planning processes identified presence within the Faculty subject coordination and following Advisory three key overarching of Medicine, Dentistry teaching in the University of Committee members for themes which ties Onemda’s and Health Sciences. This Melbourne’s undergraduate their valuable input and research, teaching and year saw new stand-alone medical curriculum. The involvement in the future community development subjects in Indigenous Centre contributed to the development of the Centre: together: health being delivered to the teaching of ethics, Aboriginal School of Nursing and the health, sociology of health • Professor Terry Nolan, 1)  Aboriginal Health Policy, Department of Psychiatry, and illness, the history of Head, School of Health Information systems while continuing to deliver medicine and health policy in Population Health (Chair) and practice; an integrated program to the Health Practice subject • Alison McClelland, 2)  The social context of the medical course. The of the undergraduate medical Executive Director, Aboriginal Health (and Indigenous health suite curriculum. Research, Strategic Policy Interventions in Aboriginal of subjects in the Master Postgraduate and Research Division, the Health); and of Social Health program Department of Planning & 3)  The Aboriginal Health continues to have increasing The CHS offers a Community Development, Workforce. student numbers, while comprehensive postgraduate coursework program in Department of Human Onemda’s research grant maintaining above average Services Quality of Teaching results. Social Health that reflects applications in 2007 were the Centre’s unique • Demos Krouskos, CEO, rewarded with a very high Medical history interdisciplinary environment. Centre for Culture, success rate. This success programs Within the Social Health Ethnicity and Health was for both established The Medical History Program, program, students can • Justin Mohammed, and emerging researchers, under the umbrella of CHS, undertake a comprehensive Director of the Academy and for Indigenous and non- includes the Johnstone-Need interdisciplinary program, or of Sport, Health and Indigenous academics within Medical History Unit, the choose streams in Ethics, Education (ASHE) and the Unit. This included an Medical History Museum and Medical Anthropology, Chair VACC ARC Indigenous Researcher’s the Gateways to the History Aboriginal Health or Health Development Grant to Kyllie • Tass Mousaferiadis, of Medicine. Achievements in Care History. The program Cripps; a number of project Director, Research, 2007 for the Medical History continues to draw local and grants from NHMRC, ARC, Program included James international students who are Strategy and Policy, Department of Human VicHealth Bradley being awarded a interested in using approaches Services Victoria, VicHealth University of Melbourne from the social sciences and • Dr Neil Levy, Centre for and the CRC for Aboriginal Early Career Research Grant, humanities to the study of Applied Philosophy and Health; a NHMRC Senior for his project The Medical health and health care. Public Ethics, University of Research Fellowship to Kevin Society of Victoria and Melbourne Rowley; and several grants the Making of the Colonial Research highlights • Associate Professor for the development and Medical Profession, 1855- In 2007 the CHS continued Jenny Lewis, Centre for evaluation of teaching and 1901. To consolidate the to be highly research Public Policy, University of learning curricula. position of the Medical productive, both in terms Melbourne The second Leaders in History Museum, particularly of attracting research • Dr Helen McDonald, Indigenous Medical Education in relation to the Growing income and producing The Australian Centre, (LIME) Connection meeting Esteem model, a review research outcomes. University of Melbourne was overseen by the LIME of the role of the Museum Research outcomes project officers, culminating was carried out by Dr Ann generated included • Professor Jane Gunn, in a successful conference Westmore. This review has academic publications and Department General in Sydney in September, led to a report which outlines presentations, community Practice, University of attracting international recommendations for future reports, discussion Melbourne presentations from New directions of the Museum. papers, as well as refereed • Professor John Wiseman, Zealand, North America and Strategies for implementing conference proceedings. This McCaughey Centre, the Pacific Islands. The LIME these recommendations are year’s research achievements University of Melbourne website was launched at the currently being developed. included: 34 Fellowships appropriate anti-racism four Knowledge Transfer comparative analysis of • Kevin Rowley being strategies for Australia. Excellence Awards colonial constructs and racial awarded a NHMRC • Dr Kevin Rowley and given by the University discourse in key Indigenous Research Fellowship. Dr Priscilla Pyett, of Melbourne for the policy statements in Australia Agreement Treaties and and Aotearoa. • Kyllie Cripps being NHMRC Project grant with colleagues, Negotiated Settlements Publication awarded an ARC project. Indigenous Research Professor Siaw-Teng highlights Development Fellowship, Liaw, Dr John Furler, Dr • Nicole Waddell won the For a full list of publications, together with Professor Margaret Kelaher and Outstanding Victorian see the 2007 Publications Ian Anderson, Professor Dr Phyllis Lau: Culturally Koori Student of the Year Report, page 93. Marcia Langton, Dr Maggie appropriate diabetes Award, as part of the care in mainstream Walter and Associate National Training Awards. The Centre continued general practice for urban Professor Mark Rose: • Alexis Wright was awarded its established record of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Approved Building and the Miles Franklin award high numbers of research Islander people. supporting community for her book, Carpentaria. publications. These • Professor Marcia Langton comprised a total of 78 led partnership initiatives Other achievements to respond to Indigenous with colleagues, Professor publications, 46 of which were DEST publications. family violence in Victoria. LW Russell and Dr Z Ma CHS 2007 PhD Rhea, ARC Project grant: completions These publications covered • Jane Freemantle being Food, Traditional Aboriginal the areas of health policy, awarded an ARC The Centre is proud of our Knowledge and the youth drinking, ethical Fellowship as part of a high quality PhD candidates, Expansion of the Settler decision-making, Aboriginal Discovery Project, with most of whom are funded on Economy. health, and research Professor IP Anderson, prestigious PhD scholarships methodologies. Professor J Ozanne-Smith, including NHMRC, Australian Key Achievements In addition to these Associate Professor JL Postgraduate Awards, Staff academic publications were Halliday, Ms J Gallagher, Melbourne Research a number of research outputs Ms M Davey, Ms ME • John Fitzgerald was Scholarships and VicHealth appointed as Associate scholarships. In 2007 we saw that are illustrative of our Sullivan and Ms PT Muth: record of knowledge transfer/ Dean (Knowledge Transfer) the successful completion A mortality profile of exchange. An example of in the Faculty of Medicine, of four of our PhD students Victoria’s Aboriginal (and this is the Talkin’ Up Good Dentistry and Health (see below). These PhD non-Aboriginal) children Air: Australian Indigenous Sciences. projects were excellent 1998-2008 using an Tobacco Control Resource illustrations of the Centre’s innovative method and • Marilys Guillemin and Lynn Kit. This is a national interdisciplinary focus in research process. Gillam were awarded a Indigenous tobacco control combining perspectives from Research grants 2007 Carrick Australian health promotion resource the humanities and social Award for University kit developed for use by • Dr Priscilla Pyett and Dr Teaching (Priority area: sciences to the study of Deb Warr, University of the Aboriginal and Torres team teaching). medical science, clinical and Strait Islander community to Melbourne Knowledge • Ian Anderson was a finalist public health practice and assist health professionals, Transfer Grant. in the Smart 100 list, The health policy. along with community • Dr James Bradley, Bulletin. The PhD completions were: and education workers, University of Melbourne • Bill Genat was promoted Kowal, Emma, The to become community Early Career Research to Lecturer Level C. Proximate Advocate: leaders in the area of Grant: The Medical Society indigenous health on the tobacco control; raise the of Victoria and the Making • Paul Stewart was postcolonial frontier. priority of tobacco control of the Colonial Medical promoted to Lecturer in Indigenous communities; Adams, Karen, Koori kids Profession, 1855-1901. Level B. and build community and otitis media prevention in • Dr Yin Paradies, ARC • Yin Paradies was ownership in tobacco control Victoria. Linkage Grant with awarded the NAIDOC by supporting community- Associate Professor KM (National Aborigines and Fetherstonhaugh, Deirdre, initiated and controlled Dunn, Dr A Pedersen, Islanders Day Observance Hobson’s choice: Dialysis or action. Associate Professor Committee) scholar of the the coffin! A study of dialysis An electronic version of the J Forrest, Associate year. decision-making amongst kit can be downloaded at Professor DF Ip and • Marcia Langton and the older people. http://www.ceitc.org.au/ Professor H Babacan: Indigenous studies team Hall, Sandra, Decolonisation resource_development_ Constructing regionally were awarded one of or recolonisation? A program 35 Team teaching: Award for Associate professors Marilys Guillemin ‘intellectual (left) and Lynn Gillam say that intellectual duelling’ tension and disagreement are Winning a prestigious 2007 Carrick the cornerstones of Award for Australian University their approach. Teaching in the category of team teaching has given associate professors Marilys Guillemin and Lynn Gillam recognition of their skills and contributions, and much more. The teachers and researchers from the Centre for Health and Society won the award for their innovative teaching of social health, health ethics and qualitative research design to postgraduate students. Their unorthodox but passionate and highly successful approach to team teaching has them both in the classroom throughout, challenging each other’s ideas and exploring issues without always knowing where a lesson will lead. Associate Professor Guillemin says, “Applying for and then winning the award forces you to stop and philosophies create a dynamic, duelling we show them how it works reflect and articulate what you do stimulating team-teaching approach in action.” and why you do it that way. It’s a that was dubbed “intellectual Despite their differences, their really useful process, personally and duelling” by one student. Associate professionally. That’s been fantastic.” common ground is a shared passion Professor Guillemin is a sociologist of for teaching, “and a shared vision for For Associate Professor Gillam, the health and illness, with a background stimulating engagement, critique award has connected them with in microbiology and education. Her and active learning in our students,” colleagues in other disciplines within research for the past 15 years has they wrote. the University and at other institutions been informed by gender and feminist It is obvious that both find their work and also to being part of a “bigger theory. Associate Professor Gillam is a intensely rewarding. For Associate picture”. “You don’t normally talk to bioethicist with a background in moral Professor Guillemin, “It’s most other people in other disciplines in the philosophy, theology and classics, gratifying when our students come university about teaching – so it has who has never noticed gender back and they have adapted the kind of put us in touch with others,” she says. differences. learning skills they’ve acquired to their “That gives you a sense of broadly own context and taken that in new working with other people towards The pair say that intellectual directions. That’s brilliant. That to me, the same goal: of engaging students tension and disagreement are the is the most satisfying part of my job.” and opening up people’s minds.” cornerstones of their approach. Their award application noted: “We Associate Professor Gillam It has renewed her sense of vocation: don’t just teach our students about particularly enjoys seeing mature age “I think that education, and being social health, we teach them about students replace initial uncertainties taught well in a supportive learning the value of diverse perspectives, about being in a tertiary classroom environment, is one of the best things about respecting other points of with self discoveries of new that can happen to anyone and I want view and, above all, we give them possibilities through learning. “It to make that happen because I think it the capacity – and the licence – for makes people think of themselves in transforms people’s lives.” independent, critical thought. In a totally different way,” she says. “All Their differences in personality, short, we don’t just tell them how to sorts of things can happen and that’s academic background and be critical thinkers, using intellectual really exciting.” 36 Melbourne School of Population Health KCWHS Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society WHO Collaborating Centre for Women’s Health Annual Report 2007

Director of Key Centre Overview & key four key organisations for Women’s Health in involved in women’s Society: Professor Doreen achievements health. As well as the Rosenthal. The Key Centre continues Centre, these were the to contribute, at the highest Royal Women’s Hospital, level, to research, teaching Women’s Health Victoria, and training, and knowledge and Family Planning transfer in women’s health. Victoria. The conference Significant highlights of 2007 was held in November with include: over 140 participants from • The Key Centre was community organisations, redesignated as a World government and Health Organisation (WHO) tertiary institutions. The Collaborating Centre in ‘Melbourne Declaration’, The Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society, since Women’s Health for a which outlined key its foundation in 1988, has been at the forefront of further five years, and recommendations, remains one of only two was endorsed by the thinking, researching, teaching and disseminating such Centres worldwide. conference participants information about women’s health. Our WHO connection is a and will be widely The vision for the Key Centre is that it will be the significant honour which circulated. The conference enables the Centre to work coincided with the leading centre for research, education and advocacy with greater recognition deliberations of the in women’s health, gender and society in Australia internationally. Victorian Law Reform and the Asia-Pacific region. • Organisation and co- Commission on the laws The Key Centre’s work recognises that women’s hosting of an international relating to abortion. experts’ meeting on • AusAID awarded an health and wellbeing is integral to the health and maternal mental health and Australian Travelling Award wellbeing of their families and the whole community. child development held in to Dr Tuan Tran, Director of Hanoi, Vietnam, between the Research and Training 19-27 June. The meeting Centre for Community was a joint initiative with Development (RTCCD) WHO and UNFPA and in Hanoi, Vietnam. The brought together experts award enabled Dr Tuan in the field from many Tran to be located at the countries, together with Centre for three months to government officials from continue and extend his Vietnam. research collaboration with • Our annual conference Jane Fisher and Doreen in 2007 was on the topic Rosenthal; in particular to Abortion in Victoria: Where increase his capacity to are we now? Where do lead mental health service we want to go? This and system development, highly successful event and contribute to a provided an opportunity national mental health for collaboration between policy in Vietnam. 37 • Eminent women’s mental Funding highlights interests in sexual health, problems in resource health expert, Professor • $376,375 awarded over started at the Key Centre constrained countries. Donna Stewart, Lillian three years from 2007 in May. She is currently a Dr Susan Peake was Love Chair of Women’s by the National Health National Health and Medical appointed as a researcher Health, University of and Medical Research Research Council Post to work on a Melbourne Toronto, visited the Centre Council (NHMRC) to Doctoral Research Fellow Research Grant Scheme and gave a special public Associate Professor Jane and was already a staff project, funding being lecture as part of the Royal Fisher, Dr Heather Rowe member at the Melbourne awarded to Professor Women’s Hospital 150th School of Population Health. and Professor Doreen Rosenthal and Dr Maggie anniversary celebrations. Jane Hocking was also the Rosenthal on Randomised Kirkman, and called staff recipient of the Harold • Our new postgraduate trial of early parenting Discourse, Technology Mitchell Travelling Fellowship teaching program, interventions (REPIT). and the Reproductive Life. aimed at providing a in 2007. Susan was awarded her PhD • $50,000 awarded over contemporary suite of Shelley Mallett is a medical through the Key Centre in five years by the Harold subjects, was implemented anthropologist interested 2005. Mitchell Foundation to and was extremely well in marginalised young support two travelling Departures received by students. people and community Fellowship each year, one Dr Elizabeth Bennett development. She also is • Your Sex Health website for a postdoctoral Fellow returned to New Zealand currently a VicHealth Senior (www.yoursexhealth.org), and the other for a PhD in May 2007 after four- Research Fellow, having developed at the Key student. and-a-half years at the Key Centre, was judged ‘Best joined the Key Centre in 2003 • Awarded in 2007 (to start Centre. Elizabeth joined in Class’ in the prestigious with the Project i team. in 2008), $486,250 from the Centre in 2002 as a international Interactive Ms Jenny Cope joined the NHMRC on Evaluation member of Professor Lenore Media Awards for the the Key Centre in January of the efficacy of the Manderson’s Federation education category. This to work with Associate Australian mammographic Fellow team. More recently, is the highest honour Professor Anne Kavanagh as screening program, to she contributed in a teaching bestowed by the New an Administrative Assistant. Associate Professor Anne capacity at the Centre and York-based Interactive Jenny has a degree in the Kavanagh and Ms Carolyn represented the Centre Media Council. The History of Art and Design in several international Nickson. website was also judged from the Metropolitan activities. best education resource • Awarded in 2007 (to University, Manchester, and Ms Lauren Matheson for tertiary students in the start in 2008), $124,151 has worked for various arts completed her two-year Australian Teachers of from the National organisations and festivals contract in November 2007 Media awards for 2007. Heart Foundation on and as an events coordinator. as project manager for the Environmental predictors • The Victorian Lifestyle Dr Helen Rawson was PEPP Project, leaving to take of biomarkers of and Neighborhoods appointed to manage the up a position in Ethiopia as cardiocascular disease Environment Study NHMRC-funded Randomised a Health Information Officer & diabetes heart, to (VicLANES) report was Early Parenting Intervention with the International Rescue Associate Professor Anne launched by the Victorian Trial (REPIT), to investigate Committee. Lauren came State Health Minister, Ms Kavanagh. the efficacy of a residential to the Key Centre to study Bronwyn Pike, on 23 May. Further information about early parenting centre. and complete a Master’s • Professor Doreen these highlights, and on Helen’s PhD thesis was in Women’s Health after Rosenthal, Centre other activities and outcomes on the factors that shape undergraduate studies in her Director, was inducted at the Key Centre, can be the sexual behaviour of native Canada. into the Victorian Honour found on the website at Vietnamese-Australian young Ms Amanda Tattam, the Roll of Women for http://www.kcwhs.unimelb. women. Centre’s Community Liaison advancing understanding edu.au/ Dr Helena Sandahl is a Officer and Research of sexual and reproductive Staff arrivals clinical psychologist who Translator, left in February health. Established in was appointed to work 2007 upon completion 2001, the Honour Roll Dr Jane Hocking and with Professor Rosenthal of the VicHealth grant. recognises the significant Dr Shelley Mallett were and Associate Professor Amanda came to the Key contributions that women appointed as Senior Fisher in writing a WHO- Centre 18 months ago with have made to their Lecturers to the Key Centre. commissioned systematic a background in journalism. communities and to the Jane Hocking, an review of the determinants Her media skills were put to lives of other women. epidemiologist with research of adolescent mental health outstanding use in providing 38 accessible information to provide students with impact of human rights MWH by Coursework about the Key Centre’s an ability to utilise new violations in the context of with Research Report research and she was able knowledge and technologies, Australian asylum seeker • Cameryn Garrett Being to attract increased media and to develop lifelong policies. an XY female: An analysis exposure for research skills of critical enquiry and • Saw Saw Strategies for of accounts from the undertaken within the Key a sustained capacity to public-private partnership website of the Androgen Centre. In addition to the integrate research evidence in tuberculosis control: Insensitivity Syndrome considerable media coverage from multiple sources into involvement of private Support Group. she obtained for the Centre, practice, policy and research. practitioners in Myanmar. she was also responsible Response from students has • Ornwipa Rugkhla • Katherine Vasey A for research dissemination been very positive. We made Condom use and STI rates Country Welcome: through presentations, fact some changes to the subject in female sex workers who Emotional wellbeing and sheets and reports. and course structure for 2008. attended the Melbourne belonging among Iraqi Sexual Health Centre Teaching and Short course in Women women in rural Australia. between 2004 and 2007. And Global Health learning • Paul Myers Hepatitis MWH by Coursework This short course addressed C testing among young This year saw some • Letsema P Oagile reshaping of courses, the health of women in people who experience continuing development of the dynamic context of homelessness in • Karin Butler teaching in Japan and a high development, globalisation Melbourne. • Shukrya Nasrah and social and cultural output of degrees awarded. • Narelle Warren Markers • Josephine Foong Yin change. Run concurrently Also see http://www.kcwhs. of midlife: interrogating Wong unimelb.edu.au/courses for with the award subject in health, illness and ageing Master of Medicine more information. Women’s Health, it explored in rural Australia. the determinants of health (Women’s Health) by Postgraduate Award and illness of women in this Doctor of Public Health Coursework teaching international context, with a • Victoria Team Health and • Meike Magnasofa In 2007 the Key Centre particular emphasis on the caregiving experiences of offered a new, updated and Asia Pacific Region. There Russian speaking women Postgraduate Diploma in more flexible course program was an emphasis on practical migrants. Women’s Health to postgraduate students. training in the development MWH by Research • Anna Kristen Butlinski The Centre’s postgraduate and use of gender and Teaching in Japan courses are informed by a rights assessment tools for • Lignet Chepuka social model of health which health policy in developing Experiences of HIV-positive This was a highly successful focuses on understanding and newly-industrialised mothers with dependent year in the Master’s of women’s health as it is countries. children in Blantyre, Women’s Health (in Japanese Malawi. Language), which is shaped by familial, social, Degrees economic, cultural and MPH with Research offered to Japanese health The following degrees were political contexts. Our Project in Women’s professionals. Organised awarded in 2007: courses are unique in Health through the School of Australia and internationally PhD Enterprise, teaching took • Kelsi Kriitmaa Prevalence place in intensive blocks in and articulate into other • Karen Eileen Adams and determinants of Tokyo and Oyama, Japan, programs. The changes in Koori kids and otitis media common mental disorders with Dr Heather Rowe course content reflect the prevention in Victoria. changing health environment, in pregnant women in (May) and Dr Deborah Keys including the development of • Phoebe Albina Bwembya Vietnam. (August) teaching three new technologies, increased Reproductive decision • Julia Leinweber The costs subjects between them to a requirements for an evidence making of HIV positive of ‘being with the woman’ total of 14 students overall. Zambian women. base for policy and practice - Secondary Traumatic In May, Associate Professor and demographic changes in • Atika Farooqui Tobacco Stress in Midwifery. Jane Fisher, Dr Heather terms of ageing and fertility. use during pregnancy and • Catherine Mary Mayes Rowe and Professor Fumi All of these have distinct perinatal health in rural Understanding the impact Horiguchi attended the third effects on women. Karnataka, India. of the grey legal status Master of Women’s Health The suite of new subjects, • Vanessa Johnston of abortion in Victoria graduation ceremony in which is comprehensive and Weapons of mass on women’s access to Japan for two students who contemporary, is designed destruction: the health abortion. completed their degrees 39 under this program in Mitchell Foundation. He 2. Mental health and and practices; and the 2006. Professor Fisher also visited institutions in the wellbeing importance of geographic attended a further graduation Netherlands and the USA, Women experience the location. in October, while Dr Keys spending time with Assistant common mental disorders Following are some attended an Alumni Dinner in Professor VK Subramanian of depression and anxiety at highlights from some of August. at Harvard University, who two to three times the rates the specific project work AMS Achievements is a supervisor on this reported in men. Research undertaken at the Centre thesis. His PhD thesis is on Five Advanced Medical at the KCWHS focuses on during the year. Further the subject Individual and Science (AMS) students the social determinants details can be also found at completed projects with the environmental influences on of mental health and on http://www.kcwhs.unimelb. Key Centre in 2007. They fast food intake. the relationships between edu.au/research women’s physical health and were: Ahsan Maqbool Ahmad, Understanding Lukar Thornton, Carolyn their psychological wellbeing. • One Bayani Screening for We aim to translate our women’s experiences Nickson and Catherine Chlamydia. research findings to improve of unplanned pregnancy Mayes were all recipients • Ayu Hasida Hassan mental health literacy among and abortion of the Key Centre’s student Service delivery for women health care professionals and support bursary of $1000. This project has two who have experienced to reduce the stigma about components: an audit of data rape in Penang, Malaysia. Research mental health in the broader collected by the Pregnancy community. • Sari Intan Nordiana MD The Key Centre’s research Advisory Service of the Saleh Exploring attitudes, program has gone from 3. Reproductive and Royal Women’s Hospital and knowledge and self- strength to strength. The sexual health interviews with women who efficacy of physical activity Key Centre’s research This research theme explores have contacted the service by gender and socio- concentrates on four core the social determinants and about a pregnancy for which economic position. themes: consequences of fertility they may be considering abortion. Both components • Belinda Elizabeth Oddy 1. Health services and and infertility; the impact of Social burden of disease are progressing well. The technology technologies on women’s of postnatal depression in reproductive mental health; audit was completed on 30 women admitted to early The KCWHS conducts a development and evaluation September 2007, with data parenting centres. diverse range of research on of health promotion recorded from nearly 4000 health services for women • Amy Claire Williamson programs for pregnancy and women, and most of the 60 and young people and Geographic separation early parenthood; sexual and interviews were conducted the effect of technological from family of origin in first reproductive health of young in 2007, with the final few time parents. interventions on women’s people; and cervical cancer, in early 2008. Women were health. Research in these Human Papilloma Virus invited to participate in the Student awards areas variously focuses (HPV) and attitudes to HPV interview component if they Victoria Team was awarded on screening programs, vaccine. were aged 16-18, lived in the 2007 Australian governance, evaluation 4. Social and economic a rural or regional area, or Federation of University of practice in relation to inequalities in health approached the Pregnancy Women (AFUW-Vic) evidence based guidelines, Advisory Service when their Our research focuses scholarship for a coursework communications styles with estimated gestation was on how differences in student. socially disadvantaged sub- 12-18 weeks. Of the 60 the social and economic women interviewed, five are Sudirman Nasir has been populations and culturally circumstances of individuals continuing their pregnancies; awarded a prestigious and linguistically diverse and communities are related the remainder had an elective Nossal Institute of Global women; critical analysis of to health differentials. abortion. Health fellowship for his PhD the ideas and policies that Research conducted in titled Ethnography of drug inform service delivery; this theme investigates Analyses of the audit and use in a slum area (Lorong) in client access, uptake, the circumstances and interviews are continuing. Makassar, Indonesia. satisfaction and engagement processes that contribute Preliminary results of both Lukar Thornton was the with services; and service to social and economic components were presented student recipient of the provider reflections on inequalities in health. Some at the conference ‘Abortion in Harold Mitchell Travelling practice. KCWHS also of the characteristics that Victoria: Where are we now? Fellowship ($5000) in 2007, conducts research in are of particular interest Where do we want to go?’, at awarded by the Key Centre partnership with health and include social networks and the University of Melbourne from funding by the Harold welfare services. social capital; behaviour on 30 November 2007. 40 Shining a light on Centre and staff Professor Doreen Raising the profile: “I Rosenthal AO retires in wanted to see that the February 2008 as Director very good work that was of the Key Centre for being done by some Women’s Health in Society. people at the Centre Recognised internationally was recognised and as an expert in the field of utilised,” says Professor adolescent sexuality and Rosenthal.” sexual and reproductive health, Professor Rosenthal compressed the equivalent of a career-span of productivity into her five- year appointment. By her own assessment, “These past five years have been a very busy time for people but we have achieved a between biomedical and huge amount”. clinical researchers, and social researchers. “It’s The progress of the important that biomedical Key Centre under her and clinical researchers leadership is recorded in its recognise the importance annual reports, which chart of understanding and its increasing productivity valuing the contributions and the emergence of more that social researchers can highly focused research sorts of activities they She takes pride in having make, and that we take activities and changes needed to engage in if they been “ahead of the game” every opportunity to work in subjects taught in the wanted a promotion and, in practising Knowledge together.” Centre’s courses. importantly, what their Transfer before it was a Clinical research into To read between the goals were in making a real University policy. “I brought women’s cancers, lines of the reports is to contribution to women’s with me from my earlier for example, will not trace the development of health.” work a very keen interest in necessarily reveal the many academic careers Raising the Key Centre’s ensuring that the outcomes reasons behind women’s over the years. Under profile was an urgent of the research that we do decisions concerning such Professor Rosenthal’s priority. “I had a sense get disseminated widely critical issues as screening encouragement and that very few people knew and, in particular, to policy and treatment. “Social guidance, the number about the Key Centre. Even makers and to service research contributes to of staff presenting at though it had been going providers, which is the way understanding the social, international forums, since 1988, it seemed to we operated at ARCSHS.” environmental, economic publishing widely in have slipped off the map Professor Rosenthal and psychological contexts respected journals and both within and outside persuaded VicHealth in which these decisions gaining competitive grants the University,” she says. “I to fund a part-time are made – or not made.” and academic promotions wanted to see that the very community liaison officer The opportunity to learn rose steadily. good work that was being on staff. Initially, not all about women’s health, Tapping the potential of her done by some people at staff were comfortable work with highly talented staff was one of Professor the Centre was recognised doing media interviews people and develop strong Rosenthal’s early priorities and utilised.” about their research networks have been when she became Director Part of Professor findings or producing rewarding aspects of her in 2001, having previously Rosenthal’s early work reports for policy makers. time as Director of the Key been the Foundation focused on setting up “That was part of a huge Centre, she says. Director of the Australian policies to ensure that the cultural change in the While her role as Director is Centre for Research in Key Centre functioned organisation and it was not over, her academic career Sex, Health and Society optimally, she says. She without its stresses,” she continues. Her renowned (ARCSHS) at La Trobe initiated a review of the says. The development of energy will undoubtedly University. “My aim was to Centre’s research programs a stronger collegial spirit maintain her enthusiasm develop partnerships with that highlighted its strengths at the Key Centre has been for discovering new ideas, staff that would support and goals, developed a positive result of this knowledge and people them in further developing research and teaching cultural change, she says. as she pursues her own their careers. We were programs that aligned with Among the issues that still research interests, works applying for more major the Centre’s priorities and cause her great concern, with PhD students, serves competitive grants and ensured that these new she cites the need for on boards, and finds more focusing together on the policies were observed. better communication time for recreation. 41 The Project’s chief Professor Jane Fisher, Dr of becoming a mother on involved group discussions investigators are Professor Maggie Kirkman and Dr young women who have with students, aged 14 to 18 Doreen Rosenthal, Dr Heather Susan Peake. experienced homelessness. It years. Rowe, Dr Shelley Mallett (from The broader study seeks was carried out in partnership Update on the PEPP trial KCWHS), and Ms Annarella to understand how young with Family Access Network, Hardiman (Royal Women’s an accommodation and Associate Professor Jane adults construct their Fisher and Dr Heather Rowe Hospital). Dr Maggie Kirkman past, present and future support service for young is the Research Director. It is people. report that their trial of the reproductive lives and how new parenting program, funded by an ARC Linkage The booklet, Becoming a participants might represent PEPP: Living well with a Grant, in partnership with the mum – just the whole world the complex interactions first baby, has moved into Royal Women’s Hospital and changes, covers the social among technology, social its second phase. The VicHealth. aspects of pregnancy, birth policy, intimate relationships intervention arm of the trial and motherhood from the AusAid Fellowship and personal fulfillment. was launched in February perspective of homeless The Key Centre was one of Launch of VicLANES and participants are now 39 organisations awarded young mothers, and The Victorian Lifestyle and being recruited to Phase 2 Fellowship grants worth a provides contact details Neighborhoods Environment of the trial. Two successful total of $8 million to host and resources for others Study (VicLANES) report pilot seminars were run and 370 fellows from across the who may find themselves was launched by Health they were enthusiastically Asia Pacific region. The aim in similar circumstances. It Minister Bronwyn Pike in endorsed by the 10 families is to strengthen ties between was launched in June by May 2007. This report was who took part. Australia and promising Ms Tanya Plibersek, now the culmination of a three- The ultimate aim of the leaders and organisations the Minister for Status of year project to study the project is to incorporate within the Asia Pacific region. Women, at a public forum, food purchasing, alcohol PEPP into the usual care The Key Centre hosted Dr together with a report of and education provided by Tran Tuan, Director of the consumption and exercise the findings. The research maternal child health nurses Research and Training Centre habits of almost 5000 was funded by a Telstra for Community Development people in 50 low, medium Foundation Community across the country. Thanks (RTCCD) in Hanoi, Vietnam. and high socio-economic Development grant, with to the efforts of the project The grant enabled Dr Tran status neighborhoods around additional funding from management team, the local Tuan to spend three months Melbourne. Funded by the Department of Human government collaborators, 55 at the Key Centre, working VicHealth, the project was Services, Office of Housing. recruiting nurses, a fleet of closely with Associate led by Associate Professor Telling it Your Way: interviewers and three highly Professor Jane Fisher and Anne Kavanagh. The study A Guide for Parents trained facilitators, the study showed that reducing the was on target to complete Professor Doreen Rosenthal. of Donor-Conceived density of fast food outlets data collection by the end Dr Tran Tuan also spent time Adolescents. at the School of Population and improving walking of October 2007. A website Health’s Centre for tracks could help promote This book, designed to for both professionals International Mental Health healthy behavior in local assist parents to disclose and consumers is under with Associate Professor communities. It also found to their children that they development. were conceived using Harry Minas and with that lower socio-economic The PEPP trial is donated sperm or eggs, Professor Helen Herrman at areas also had twice as many funded by a grant from was launched on 8 August, the Australian International fast food outlets than high the Commonwealth 2007, by Victoria’s Infertility Health Institute. socio-economic areas and Government’s Department Treatment Authority, which fewer kilometres of walking of Family and Community Discourse, Technology described it as “the world’s tracks. Services and Indigenous and the Reproductive first evidence-based ‘telling’ Affairs to assess the Life Research based guide for parents of donor- resource for young seminar’s efficacy in A preliminary study, conceived adolescents”. homeless mums improving new parents’ funded by the University of The book is based on mental health. Melbourne and designed to The voices of young research conducted by Dr address proposed methods mothers who took part in a Maggie Kirkman and written Grants and contracts of investigation for a broader qualitative research project with Professor Doreen (commencing in 2007) study of reproductive lives were featured in a new Rosenthal, in collaboration Keys DW. Young mothers and of young adults, has been booklet by Dr Deb Keys. with Ms Louise Johnson, mental health, how mothers’ conducted by Professor The project, ‘Becoming a Chief Executive Officer groups can help. $14,568, Doreen Rosenthal, Associate mother’, explored the impact of the ITA. The research Windemere Foundation. 42 Fisher JRW. Australian Knowledge Transfer education campaign to on Assisted Reproductive Leadership Awards: promote breast milk as Technology and Adoption Fellowship for Dr Tran Tuan. Community Activities optimal infant food for first at Parliament House, $34,754, AusAID. Media Activity: at the six months of life; and Melbourne, on 7 June 2007. Fisher JRW, Rowe HJ, coalface of knowledge • Requirement for The other speakers were the Rosenthal DA. Quinlivan J, transfer evidence-based clinical acting chair of the VLRC, Dr Iain Ross, and Infertility & Gurrin L, Randomised Key Centre staff were guidelines for clincians Treatment Authority deputy trial of early parenting regularly in the news, (GPs, paediatricians, chair, Mr Michael Gordon. interventions (REPIT). offering comment about midwives, maternal/child The event was chaired by the $376,375, National topical issues or talking health nurses) to address Victorian Attorney General, Health and Medical about their own research. and treat breastfeeding Mr Rob Hulls. The report Research Council. Partner Over the past few months, problems. was officially launched on 21 organisation: Tweddle Child Professor Doreen Rosenthal, A sexual and June in the Redmond Barry and Family Services. Associate Professor Jane reproductive health Room, 55 Collins Street, Fisher, Associate Professor McMahon C, Gibson website with a Melbourne, and Dr Kirkman Anne Kavanagh, Dr Karin FL, Fisher JRW. Boivin was invited to speak once Hammarberg, Dr Deb Keys, difference J, & Saunders DM, Age again, along with Mr Hulls Dr Maggie Kirkman and Dr A new reproductive and at first birth, mode of and the Infertility Treatment Louise Keogh have appeared sexual health website was conception and adjustment Authority chair, Professor in print, on radio, TV and launched by the Key Centre to parenthood. Australian Jock Findlay. The launch on line. They spoke about and is already helping young Research Council, $255,000, was chaired by the Chief sex and young people, the people throughout Australia 2007-2009, Macquarie Commissioner of the VLRC, ethics of surrogacy, teenage and around the world deal University, University Professor Neil Rees. with their real-life dilemmas. of Melbourne. Partner motherhood, the effect of Your sex health contains Visitors/new organisations: IVF Australia, infertility on motherhood, facts and true stories for 16 collaborations Melbourne IVF. findings from VicLANES, family planning and the to 24-year-olds and has been Professor Chris Bayly, Richardson S, Baum F, optimal age for childbearing. translated into French and Associate Director, Women’s Kavanagh AM, LaMontagne Some of these items can be Spanish. Services, Royal Women’s A, Ziersch A, Lowry read on the news section of It has been warmly Hospital, elected to spend D, Lester L, Bentley our website at http://www. welcomed by health six months study leave from R. Changing patterns kcwhs.unimelb.edu.au/news professionals and others November 2007 with the Key of employment and working with young people Centre, attending seminars unemployment: impacts on Breastfeeding and has won two prestigious and working on collaborative physical and mental health submission awards. projects with staff. and the mediating role of Dr Lisa Amir, Amanda social capital. $1,060,623, Cooklin and Amanda Tattam The site is online at www. Ms Kerryn O’Rourke, Public 2007-2011, NHMRC prepared a submission yoursexhealth.org and is Health Trainee, started Strategic Award. for the Paliamentary a follow-up to the earlier a four-month rotation in award-winning site, The October 2007, working with Rosenthal DA, Kirkman Inquiry into Breastfeeding, with contributions from Hormone Factory (www. Dr Jane Hocking. M, Fisher J, & Sullivan thehormonefactory.com), E. Investigation of the Heather Rowe and Karin International Activities Hammarberg, in February targeted at 10 to 12-year- reproductive lives of young olds and developed by a World Health adults who live in the 2007. The submission canvassed the following team headed by Professor Organisation technological age: feasibility topics: Rosenthal. Collaboration with WHO of method. $23,402, continued successfully • The need for research Launch of Report on University of Melbourne in 2007, with Associate to understand which Assisted Reproductive Research Grant. Professor Jane Fisher visiting interventions promote Rosenthal DA, Mallett S, Technology and Geneva in March and again breastfeeding postnatally; Williams H, Keys D, & Jordan Adoption in September. Her visits L. Making it Real: relevant • Caesarean birth and Dr Maggie Kirkman was were mainly related to two sexual health communication assisted conception as risk Invited by the Victorian Law consultancies awarded to for young people, $98,536, factors for breastfeeding Reform Commission to be the Key Centre in 2006, of Department of Human cessation; one of three speakers after approximately $135,000. The Services, Victoria. • Need for public health the tabling of its Report first, smaller project was a 43 review and discussion paper Rowe both presented at the December: Professor November. It led to a set of on health workers dealing International Psychosocial Doreen Rosenthal and Dr statements to be known as with adolescent mental Obstretics & Gynaecology Shelley Mallett attended a ‘The Melbourne Declaration’ health problems, conducted Congress, Kyoto, Japan. NIHE/UCLA workshop in outlining the key things by Associate Professor Dr Rebecca Bentley Hanoi, Vietnam, on Structural women in Victoria want in Fisher and assisted by Dr atttended the International Community-led Interventions, abortion policy and services. Helena Sandahl. Social Network Conference also holding several meetings The statements call for the The second was to enable Corfu Greece. While there, with US and Vietnamese same rules that apply to best Associate Professor Fisher she also participated in the collaborators. practice in any other medical to organise an international Workshop on the Analysis International Visitors or surgical procedure being applied to women expert meeting on maternal of Longitudinal Social Associate Professor VK undergoing abortion and mental health and child Network Data. Dr Bentley Subramanian, Harvard their providers. health and development, then visited the University School of Public Health, co-hosted by the Research of Glasgow, Scotland, to Harvard University, visited Talking secret women’s & Training Centre for present a seminar at the the Key Centre in June business Community Development, Social & Public Health 2007, maintaining his regular Doctors Heather Rowe and Hanoi, Vietnam. Associate Sciences Unit. collaboration with Associate Karin Hammarberg convened Professor Fisher and August: Professor Doreen Professor Anne Kavanagh the local organising Professor Doreen Rosenthal, Rosenthal and Dr Shelley on issues around social committee for the 33rd with assistance from Ms Mallett travelled to the USA, determinants of health, multi- Annual Scientific Meeting Kelsi Kriitmaa, attended first visiting the Centre for level modelling and health of the Australian Society the meeting in Hanoi in Community Health, UCLA, inequalities. for Psychosocial Obstetrics June, together with leading to make presentations and Gynaecology, held international researchers Professor Donna Stewart, on knowledge transfer in Melbourne in August. in the field and including Lillian Love Chair of Women’s regarding homeless youth Entitled ‘Talking secret delegates from Pakistan, Health, University of Toronto, research. They then visited women’s business’, this Japan, South Africa, France, visited the Key Centre on 5 Washington DC for research year’s conference gave Switzerland, Turkey, United September and presented collaborations. ) voice to aspects of women’s Kingdom, Nigeria, India, a Melbourne School of Vietnam and Australia. Dr Karin Hammarberg was Population Health Seminar on health and wellbeing that do Outcomes of the meeting will invited to present a keynote international women’s wealth not usually make front page include a joint publication of lecture to the Fertility Centre indicators (mental health, news. the state of the art papers Symposium at the University general health): a comparison Publication presented at the meeting, of Gothenburg, Sweden, between Canada, Peru a summary of the evidence based on her PhD research. and Colombia. She was in highlights and a Consensus Statement. September/October: Australia as part of the Royal For a full list of publications, Women’s Hospital 150th see the 2007 Publications International Associate Professor Jane anniversary celebrations. Report, page 93 Conferences and Fisher, after visiting WHO in Geneva, was an invited Conferences and public Cooklin Amanda R, Rowe Collaborations participant to a conference presentations Heather J, Fisher Jane March: Dr Louise Keogh on post-traumatic stress See also http://www. RW. ‘Employee entitlements presented a the 2nd Biennial disorder and childbirth, kcwhs.unimelb.edu.au/ during pregnancy and Meeting of the International University of Sheffield, news/conferences for more maternal psychological well- Society for Gastrointestinal England. information. being’, Australian and New Hereditary Tumours, Kyoto, October: Associate Zealand Journal of Obstetrics Japan. Abortion in Victoria: Professor Jane Fisher was a and Gynaecology 2007; 47: Where are we now? April/May: Dr Heather Rowe visiting scholar at Sapporo 483–490 taught in the Master of University, Japan, and was Where do we want to Pregnant women’s mental Women’s Health (Japanese) the keynote speaker at the go? health is multifactorially in Tokyo, and also presented Congress of the Hokkaido This conference involved determined. The workplace a lecture to Master of Society of Maternal Health. about 140 participants from environment is known to Midwifery students at Keio She also gave a public community organisations, be salient to mental health, University, Tokyo, Japan. leacture at the Tokyo government and tertiary but its contribution to May: Associate Professor Women’s Medical University, institutions and took place antenatal psychological Jane Fisher and Dr Heather Japan. at the University on 30 functioning was unknown. 44 This study investigated employment conditions and late pregnancy assessments. Methods: A mathematical the relationship between workplace discrimination Participants were socio- model was developed to employment conditions contribute to the mental economically advantaged, estimate the impact of a and antenatal mental health health of pregnant Australian had very good pregnancy prophylactic vaccine on in Australian women. A women. health, exceptional marital transmission of HPV type sociodemographically The relevance to public relationships, normal 16 in Australia. The model diverse consecutive cohort health and public policy personality styles, and was used to estimate the of 171/205 (83%) employed of these findings was intense affectionate expected reduction in HPV nulliparous women was highlighted by the Australian attachment to the foetus. incidence and prevalence recruited in late pregnancy. and New Zealand Journal of Very few (<5%) had clinically as a result of vaccination, Data were collected by Obstetrics and Gynaecology, significant mood disturbance the time required to achieve structured interview and which selected the paper as in late pregnancy and these reductions, and self-report questionnaires. the feature article in the issue other risk factors for the coverage required for They included employment of publication. postpartum depression. We elimination. The modelled arrangements, experience conclude that pregnancy population was stratified of pregnancy-related Fisher JRW, Hammarberg and parenthood might according to age, gender, discrimination as defined by K, Baker G. ‘Antenatal be idealised after ART level of sexual activity and the Human Rights and Equal mood and foetal attachment conception, and that HPV infection status using Opportunity Commission, after assisted conception’. preparation for the realities a differential equation access to maternity leave Fertility and Sterility of infant care might then be formulation. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j. entitlements and standard insufficient and the inevitable Results: The model predicts fertnstert.2007.05.022. assessments of mood. losses associated with that vaccination of 80% Overall, only 46% had We have shown through motherhood underestimated. of 12-year-old girls will access to paid maternity cross-sectional surveys and In addition women who eventually reduce HPV 16 leave. Despite current a medical record audit that have conceived with ART prevalence by 60–100% Australian legislation Australian women conceiving might feel unable to express in vaccinated and 7–31% mandating unpaid maternity with assisted reproductive ambivalence or to seek in unvaccinated females. leave for all women technologies (ART) are at support. If 80% of boys are also continuously employed for a fourfold risk of admission Regan David G, Philp David vaccinated, reductions will year, only 60% had access to early parenting treatment J, Hocking Jane S, and be 74–100% in vaccinated to it. One in five women programs compared Law Matthew G. ‘Modelling and 86–96% in unvaccinated reported at least one form of with those conceiving the population-level impact females. A campaign HREOC-defined workplace spontaneously. In order of vaccination on the covering only 12-year-old discrimination, including to identify prevalence and transmission of human girls would require 5–7 negative or offensive determinants of antenatal papillomavirus type 16 in years to achieve 50% of the comments from an employer, mood disturbance and other Australia’. Sexual Health, eventual reduction. With a difficulty negotiating leave risks for early parenting 2007, 4, 147–163 catch-up campaign covering difficulties after assisted for medical appointments Vaccines are now available to 13 to 26-year-olds, this delay or exclusion from promotion conception, we initiated a prevent the development of would be reduced to only because of the pregnancy. prospective investigation cervical cancer from genital two years. In total, two-thirds of of a consecutive cohort human papillomavirus (HPV) Conclusions: Mass participants reported at least of women who conceived infection. The decision to vaccination with a highly one form of pregnancy- with ART. Participants were vaccinate depends on a effective vaccine against related workplace adversity. followed from confirmation of vaccine’s cost-effectiveness. HPV 16 has the potential We found that workplace a viable pregnancy until their Dr Jane Hocking was part of to substantially reduce the adversity was independently infants were 18 months old. a consortium of researchers incidence and prevalence associated with poorer This paper reports data from the University of New of infection. Catch-up maternal psychological about psychological South Wales and Australian vaccination offers the well-being. Although routine functioning during early National University who potential to substantially assessment of mental and late pregnancy. Of the developed a mathematical reduce the delay before health in pregnancy is now 288 women with confirmed model of HPV transmission the benefits of vaccination recommended, workplace pregnancies, 239 were in Australia to evaluate the are observed. A booster adversity has not been contactable, and 183 (77%) potential impact of a HPV vaccination might be identified as a salient risk were recruited, 95% of whom vaccine on HPV prevalence required to prevent an factor. Our data indicate that completed both early and in Australia. increase in incidence of 45 infection in women over 25 honesty, adaptation to Background: In Australia, socioeconomic disadvantage, years of age. individual children, and family studies finding an and individual-level SEP was Kirkman M, Rosenthal cohesion. They identified association between measured by occupation. D, and Johnson L. (2007). the social father as the area-level socioeconomic Results: Living in a ‘Families working it out: parent while acknowledging disadvantage and mortality disadvantaged SLA was Adolescents’ views on the significance of genetic are often based on associated with higher communicating about donor- connection to the donor. aggregate-ecological designs all-cause mortality after assisted conception’. Human A minority asserted which confound area-level adjustment for within-SLA Reproduction, 22(8): 2318- a preference for non- and individual-level sources variation in occupation. 2324. doi: 10.1093/humrep/ disclosure; all said that, if of socioeconomic variation. Death rates were highest dem138. disclosed, it should be by Area-level socioeconomic for blue-collar workers and parents. This study has differences in mortality The research behind this lowest among white-collar not only contributes to therefore may be an artefact paper was prompted employees. Cross-level increasing understanding of varying population by legislation in Victoria interactions showed no of communication within compositions and not the permitting gamete donors convincing evidence that families about donor-assisted characteristics of areas as to seek identifying details SLA disadvantage modified conception, but also led to such. of people conceived from the extent of inequality the publication of a book their gametes. Maggie Objective: To examine the in mortality between the for parents, available both Kirkman and Doreen associations between area- occupation groups. Rosenthal, in collaboration on-line and in hard copy: level disadvantage and all- Conclusions: Multilevel with Louise Johnson of Kirkman, M, Rosenthal, D, cause mortality before and analysis can be used to the Infertility Treatment & Johnson, L. (2007). Telling after adjustment for within- examine area variation in Authority, investigated the it Your Way: A Guide for area variation in individual- mortality using unlinked views of adolescents from Parents of Donor-Conceived level socioeconomic position census and mortality data, the general population on Adolescents. Melbourne: (SEP) using unlinked census therefore making it less how parents can best talk Infertility Treatment Authority. and mortality-register data in necessary to use aggregate- to their donor-conceived Turrell G, Kavanagh A, a multilevel context. ecological designs. In adolescent children about Draper G, Subramanian Setting, participants and Australia, area-level and their conception. They used SV. ‘Do places affect the design: The study covers individual-level socio- focus group discussions probability of death in the total Australian continent economic factors make an and an interview with Australia? A multilevel for the period 1998-2000 independent contribution to secondary students at two study of area-level and is based on decedents the probability of premature Melbourne co-educational disadvantage, individual- aged 25-64 years (n mortality. Policies and schools. It was found that level socioeconomic position = 43,257). The socio- interventions to improve naive adolescents had views and all-cause mortality, economic characteristics of population health and reduce largely consistent with those 1998-2000’. J Epidemiol statistical local areas (SLA, mortality inequalities should of donor-conceived adults: Community Health. 2007 n = 1317) were measured focus on places as well as for example, urging parental Jan;61(1):13-9. using an index of relative people. 46 Melbourne School of Population Health McCaughey Centre VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing Annual Report 2007

Director of the McCaughey Overview Other speakers included Centre, Professor John Professor Glyn Davis (Vice- Commencing operation in Wiseman. Chancellor, University of June 2006 the McCaughey Melbourne), Mr Todd Harper Centre completed its first (CEO, VicHealth), and Cr year of establishment activity in 2007. The year Janet Bolitho (Mayor, City was marked by a number of Port Phillip). Professor of highlights, including James Angus (Dean, Faculty the official launch of the of Medicine, Dentistry and Centre by the Minister for Health Sciences), and the Victorian Communities, Centre’s patron Dr Jean Mr Peter Batchelor, the McCaughey were also in establishment of initial attendance. The launch Centre strategic directions, coincided with the public The McCaughey Centre: VicHealth Centre for the consolidation of our staff release of the Community the Promotion of Mental Health and Community group, securing long-term Indicators Victoria data Centre accommodation, the and official launch of the Wellbeing, established in June 2006 and officially production and publication new Community Indicators launched in July 2007, is a policy research centre of a wide range of research Victoria website, http://www. which builds knowledge about the social, economic papers and policy reviews communityindicators.net.au and environmental determinants of mental health and the organisation of Expanding staffing numerous forums, seminars profile and wellbeing. The Centre is supported by and and workforce development works closely with the Victorian Health Promotion events. The McCaughey This year saw significant growth in the McCaughey Foundation (VicHealth), which defines mental health Centre is rapidly becoming an exciting source of new Centre staffing profile, with as ‘the embodiment of social, emotional and spiritual ideas, conversations and 15 new academic staff, 2 wellbeing. Mental health provides individuals with projects and is continuing new visiting staff, and 1 new the vitality necessary for active living, to achieve to explore and build a professional staff member joining the team. goals and to interact with one another in ways that wide range of collaborative research, teaching and Strategic planning and are respectful and just’. knowledge transfer implementation Focusing on the promotion of mental health and partnerships. In early 2007 McCaughey social wellbeing, the McCaughey Centre’s strategies Key Achievements Centre staff participated in a are population based, intersectoral and grounded Centre Launch series of intensive planning in the recognition that the health and wellbeing sessions to develop the The McCaughey Centre Centre’s initial strategic of populations is determined by how we organise was officially launched on directions. 16 July 2007 by Mr Peter ourselves as a society, and our practice and policies The Centre’s mission was in diverse domains such as education, health, Batchelor, Minister for Victorian Communities, in identified in the following transport, the economy, local government and the the Woodward Conference way: environment. Centre, University of To be a catalyst for Melbourne, with around knowledge which 130 people in attendance. strengthens the 47 foundations of healthy, The Centre also carries out initiate and build strong Bureau of Statistics and the just and sustainable research on the effectiveness relationships with a broad Victorian Council of Social communities and builds of knowledge transfer, range of stakeholders. Service. social, emotional and translation and exchange Partnership building and CIV indicators, which include spiritual wellbeing. strategies. securing additional funding both subjective and objective The Centre’s core values are: With strategic and workplans was a major priority during measures, are grouped the year, and widespread • Strengthening community in place, the McCaughey according to five domains: consultation was undertaken wellbeing and reducing Centre is embarking healthy, safe and inclusive with key stakeholders to health inequalities; on a comprehensive communities; dynamic, business planning process align the Centre’s work with resilient economies; • Creating a culture of encompassing income tangible issues and needs sustainable built and natural rigorous, reflective and generation, physical and of the local community and environment; culturally rich innovative intellectual human resource growth, policy makers. and vibrant communities; inquiry; breadth and timing of Centre Research and Policy and democratic and engaged • Maximising the policy and and project growth, and communities. practice impact of our long-term sustainability. Development Data to support reporting work; A new home Community wellbeing on these indicators is drawn • Working respectfully and from the Australian Bureau In July 2007 the McCaughey issues, indicators and collaboratively with our of Statistics, Victorian Centre moved into a new policies partners and colleagues; Government administrative space within its long-term and Community Wellbeing in data and a new statewide home in the Melbourne School an Unwell World Victoria Community • Establishing and of Population Health, University Survey, conducted by the sustaining a healthy, of Me bourne, Level 5, 207 The Centre’s first Policy McCaughey Centre with a supportive and rewarding Bouverie Street, Carlton. Signpost Report, Community workplace. Wellbeing in an Unwell total sample size of 24,000 Project overview and World, was written and households. The Centre’s research, policy future funding development, teaching and published by Professor John A user-friendly CIV website at workforce development work McCaughey Centre staff Wiseman and Dr Kathleen www.communityindicators. will focus on the following made significant contributions Brasher. net.au provides two key priority areas: to collaborative projects in Community Indicators functions. It allows easy progress, and to a range of access to a summary • Community wellbeing Victoria new Centre-based project overview of headline issues, indicators and proposals, throughout the year. Community Indicators wellbeing indicators for each policies; and Centre staff were partners on Victoria (CIV) is a Local Government Area. • Key determinants of five ARC and NHMRC grants collaborative project hosted Further, community members mental health and totaling $6,413,000, and were by the McCaughey Centre and policy makers are able community wellbeing: the lead Chief Investigators on which aims to support the to explore and analyse - Freedom from Violence, 11 research grants contracts development and use of indicator trends of particular totaling $1,258,000. With the local community wellbeing - Freedom from interest in one or more local arrival of new staffing groups indicators as a basis for Discrimination, communities. in October, the McCaughey informed, engaged and - Social Inclusion and Initial capacity building Centre is now auspice to an integrated community resources and events include Reducing Health additional suite of competitive planning and policy making. Inequalities, a community indicators and contract grants totaling Key project partners include resource kit, a series of - Economic Security and $2,880,000. VicHealth, the Victorian information sharing and Participation, and Alongside the McCaughey Government, the Municipal capacity building workshops, - Healthy and Centre’s alignment with Association of Victoria, the best practice case studies, Sustainable key VicHealth priorities, Victorian Local Governance and work commissioned by Environments. the Centre continues to Association, the Australian local and state governments 48 providing additional data and Australian Research Council health promotion in refugee Social Justice Initiative, analysis. grant proposal. Focused on background communities supported by the University’s Determinants of mental family and intimate partner Dr Marion Frere joined with Strategic Research Initiative violence, it is exploring Fund. SJI partners include health and community Foundation House and the how the experience of the faculties of Arts; Law; wellbeing Brotherhood of St Laurence violence impacts upon the to undertake a project Medicine, Dentistry and Health 1. Freedom from development of neighbourly aimed at improving health Sciences; and Economics violence and community interactions promotion and information and Commerce. The aim of Family violence reform: and the relationship of dissemination strategies for the Social Justice Initiative Using knowledge to individuals and families to refugees resettling in Victoria. is to facilitate research into community activities and social justice of international support integration of Building Bridges institutions. It examines how standing and to strengthen policy and practice. evaluation: Reducing violence is experienced, the growing interest in discrimination affecting In collaboration with a range represented and regulated questions of social justice at culturally and linguistically of academic colleagues in particular groups and the University of Melbourne diverse communities and State Government communities and how this and within the non-university departments, Dr Marion impacts on experiences of Dr Deb Warr, Dr Gabrielle sector. The SJI aims to Frere is leading the Centre’s trust, support, participation Berman and Professor establish itself as a long-term work on reducing violence. and belonging in these John Wiseman worked major research cluster at the This ARC Linkage project communities. It asks: How with colleagues from the University of Melbourne, and investigates reform in the can social inclusion be Melbourne School of has been awarded three-year Victorian response to family enabled across relations that Population Health’s Centre funding of $636,000. violence, with a focus on the include violence? And, how for Health Policy, Programs Responding to health integration of intervention can violence be reduced and Economics (Project inequalities responses. The project aims through strategies that focus leader) and the Centre for Dr Deb Warr worked with to provide an account of on strengthening social Health and Society on an the MSPH Centre for Health the development of inter- inclusion? evaluation of VicHealth’s agency governance of family Building Bridges Initiative. Policy, Programs and violence services, including 3. Freedom from Economics and Centre for Framework for reducing police, government and non- discrimination Health and Society on a racism and strengthening government organisations. public health research project Refugee resettlement in cross cultural It examines women, titled ‘Responding to health rural and regional areas understanding children and perpetrators’ inequalities: Investigating the Professor John Wiseman experiences and decisions, Dr Marion Frere, Dr Gabrielle impact of Neighbourhood worked closely with and how practitioners Berman, and Dr Yin Paradies Renewal on health and colleagues from VicHealth, work individually and in from the Centre for Health wellbeing in disadvantaged Foundation House (The cooperation with others to and Society have begun Victorian Communities’. The Victorian Foundation for deliver services to the victims work with VicHealth on a project links quantitative Survivors of Torture) and La of family violence and to framework to guide future analysis of the scheme’s Trobe University’s Refugee intervene with perpetrators. research and policy work survey data, qualitative Health Research Centre to A key theme is the role of designed to reduce racism data about Neighbourhood develop an issues paper the governance framework and strengthen cross cultural Renewal strategies and and convene a forum to in supporting multi-agency understanding. their implementation, and inform policy and program working. learnings from the United development to support Social inclusion and connectedness Kingdom’s Neighbourhood 2. Violence and social refugee resettlement in rural Renewal initiative to develop inclusion and regional areas. Social Justice Initiative an integrated picture of This research, led by Dr Exploring the potential The McCaughey Centre is a neighbourhood renewal and Marion Frere, is currently of social and community partner in the University of its effects on reducing health being developed into an enterprise models for Melbourne’s multi-disciplinary inequalities. 49 Outside the School Gates: on ‘Creating Liveable New development and policy funded project draws on A community report Communities’. The research change to make urban existing data sources (eg, the A community report team is led by Ms Sue West, communities age-friendly. HILDA national panel study, prepared by Dr Deb Warr and will produce a strategic Community building ABS) as well as a qualitative titled ‘Outside the School framework and practical framework for disability interview study, and involves Gates’ was launched tools for creating socially services collaborators from Flinders sustainable new communities and Melbourne Universities: at the Meadow Bank Ms Sue West and Dr underpinned by a review of Sue Richardson and Fran Primary School’s annual Kathleen Brasher worked key literature and interviews Baum from Flinders, Anne Harmony Day Celebration with the Department of with stakeholders. Kavanagh (Key Centre for on 21 March. The report Human Services to develop Women’s Health) and Tony outlined a model for Northern growth corridors a Community Building LaMontagne (McCaughey tackling disadvantage and social cohesion project Framework for the Disability Centre). promoting participation in Dr Belinda Robson and Dr Services Division, including preschool education at the Marion Frere are leading the development of a set of Provision of Workplace Meadowbank Early Learning a McCaughey Centre key performance indicators. Mental Health Promotion Centre (MELC). Dr Warr collaboration with the 4. Economic Associate Professor Tony undertook the study while Crossroads Youth and Family participation and LaMontagne, Ms Tessa a Research Fellow with Services Division of the Keegel and Dr Deb Vallance security the Melbourne School of Salvation Army examining are working with beyondblue Population Health’s Centre social justice issues within Work-related psychosocial on this ACT Health funded for Health and Society, the Northern growth hazard surveillance project to develop and and her report highlighted corridors of metropolitan Associate Professor deliver a Workplace Mental ways in which the MELC Melbourne. The project Tony LaMontagne was Health Promotion program to is supporting local families addresses emerging issues in commissioned by the address aspects of workers’ to become connected in a communities in the northern Australian Safety & wellbeing, workplace staff range of social networks, growth suburbs, building Compensation Council to management and workplace presented insights into the knowledge about impact scope the Household Income stress. needs of local families, of demographic change in and Labour Dynamics in Asbestos disease in discussed processes local areas and identifying Australia (HILDA) database the Latrobe Valley: for effective community common themes which for potential use on work- Establishment of a Latrobe engagement, explained how impact upon social cohesion related psychosocial hazard Valley power industry the MELC operates as a and interconnection. surveillance (trending cohort and biospecimen community hub facilitating Age-friendly cities job stress, job insecurity, bank for the study of access to a range of social etc.). Dr Rebecca Bentley Professor John Wiseman asbestos-related disease services and community from the Key Centre and Dr Kathleen Brasher In collaboration with Dr contacts, and described the for Women’s Health in completed the Melbourne Andrew Holloway at the positive outcomes that are Society collaborated on component of this World Peter MacCallum Cancer generated for children and this project. Associate Health Organisation project Centre, this NHMRC their families. Professor LaMontagne also in collaboration with the funded research program completed his role as Chair Creating liveable new Municipal Association of commenced in January 2007, of a peer review panel of the communities Victoria and the Victorian with Dr Deb Vallance joining investigation of a suspected The McCaughey Centre Council of the Ageing. The the team to run this study cluster of brain cancers at joined forces with Griffith project identified indicators as well as participate more RMIT’s Building 108. University’s Urban Research of an age-friendly city, and broadly in the group’s various Centre to commence a produced a practical guide Changing work initiatives on job stress and project for the Victorian to stimulate and guide arrangements and health other psychosocial working Growth Areas Authority advocacy, community This four-year NHMRC conditions. The team has 50 130 gather for Centre’s launch

Opening celebration: Speakers at the McCaughey Centre’s official launch on 16 July included (above) the Vice- Chancellor of the University of Melbourne, Professor Glyn Davis, and the Minister for Victorian Communities, Mr Peter Batchelor, as well as (below) the CEO of VicHealth, Mr Todd Harper, and the Mayor of Port Phillip, CrJanet Bolitho. A special guest at the launch was the Centre’s patron, Dr Jean McCaughey, pictured (right) with McCaughey Centre staff. More than 130 guests attended the launch, which was held in the Woodward Conference Centre and coincided with the public release of the Community Indicators Victoria data and launch of the Community Indicators Victoria website.

51 started recruiting participants Research Fellow at the the Group is exploring the up to eight research for its Latrobe Valley Power Primary Care Research Unit, feasibility and effectiveness dissemination models Industry Cohort Study, where University of Melbourne, an of knowledge translation operating in Melbourne. they will work with former Honorary Senior Lecturer and exchange strategies Questions for research and current power industry at Kings College, London, for public health decision participants will consider workers in the Latrobe Victorian Representative of making in local government how research is initiated, Valley to investigate the Doctors for the Environment in Victoria. conducted, and any formal natural history of a blood Australia, and Mentor in the Victorian Health processes for engagement protein, mesothelin, which is Al Gore Climate Change between researchers and Inequalities Network elevated in some people with Leadership Program. communities. mesothelioma. The McCaughey Centre is a The study will produce Knowledge Transfer participant in the Victorian 5. Healthy and recommendations regarding and Translation Health Inequalities Network possible structures for sustainable roundtable series, which Cochrane Public Health community engagement environments promotes information sharing Review Group and research dissemination The Centre’s main work and policy development to be considered within in this area has been to The move of the international on health inequalities. The the Melbourne School begin to explore and scope Cochrane Public Health roundtable series seeks of Population Health, research on the impacts of Group to the McCaughey to begin a cross sectoral its research centres and climate change on mental Centre provides new dialogue, to address broad individual researchers within health and community opportunities for issues associated with health the School. wellbeing. McCaughey strengthening research and and equity, and to facilitate Centre researchers were action to promote knowledge future action on health New directions part of a major submission transfer within the University inequalities. In October 2007 Professor and internationally. It is an Elizabeth Waters and coordinated through the Research and Climate Adaptation Science international initiative that a team of public health knowledge transfer: and Policy Initiative to the aims to integrate research researchers joined the Commonwealth Environment synthesis, leverage new Universities working McCaughey Centre (Lisa Research Facilities scheme primary research, and impact with and for Gibbs, Elise Davis, Rebecca in 2007, and contributed on knowledge translation communities Armstrong, Jodie Doyle, to the development of and exchange in the area Dr Sarah MacLean and Rosie Ashbolt, Elisha Riggs, ‘Climate Change and Rural of population health, with Dr Deb Warr are working Naomi Priest and Lauren Health: A one day seminar an equity orientation and a with Dr Priscilla Pyett from Prosser). They brought on the challenge of climate strong interface with action the Onemda VicHealth with them a comprehensive change for health in rural and on social determinants of Koori Health Unit on this range of funded child public regional Victoria’, opened by health. pilot project which aims health research projects, which will continue as part Ms Bronwyn Pike, Minister In doing so the group aims to explore strengths and of the work of the Centre. for Health, on 22 August. to identify what works, for weaknesses of models In 2007 Dr Grant Blashki whom, how, why, and in for collaborating with The projects being led began working closely what circumstances. Working and sharing the findings by members of the team as a collaborator with with decision-makers on of research projects with include: the Centre in the areas of policy relevant questions has communities. Research • Fun ‘n healthy in Moreland! mental health and climate highlighted the need for an staff, community liaison – cluster randomised trial change and health, as well additional research program staff at research centres of a sustainable school- as providing support on a comprising trials on the and community partners community intervention range of funding application effectiveness of knowledge will be interviewed to to promote child health development schemes. Dr transfer strategies. With ascertain advantages and wellbeing and prevent Blashki is a GP, a Senior funding from the NHMRC, and disadvantages of overweight and obesity. 52 • Evaluation of the • Making a difference to • Model of cultural Teaching and Stephanie Alexander rural children’s oral health: competence in public learning Kitchen Garden Project. community intervention health research. The McCaughey Centre’s • NHMRC Capacity study with policy makers, • Three-yearly updated initial teaching and learning Building Grant on child health professionals and Cochrane Systematic community. focus is on research higher and adolescent obesity Reviews: Prevention degree supervision. The prevention. • Health of Young Victorians of Childhood Study, 1997-2005 cohort Centre has capacity to • Teeth Tales – social, Obesity; Treatment of supervise research higher cultural and environmental follow-up funded by Childhood Obesity; NHMRC with MCRI. degree students across a determinants of oral Policy interventions range of disciplines, and in health in families with • Aboriginal concepts of implemented through 2007 had four PhD students young children from child health and wellbeing. sporting organisations enrolled under the auspice migrant and refugee • Framework for the for promoting healthy of the Centre, with a further communities. determinants of mental behaviour change; four research higher degree • CountryKIDS – health and wellbeing of Increasing participation students under the primary development and cluster children. in sport; Family and or secondary supervision of RCT evaluation of • Promoting the Mental carer smoking control Centre staff. programs for reducing community intervention Health of Children; McCaughey Centre children’s exposure to study to address dental Assessing the Knowledge academics provide guest environmental tobacco health inequalities of of Family Day Care lectures to a range of smoke; and Knowledge preschool children in Workers. programs across the School Translation strategies for rural Victoria funded by • Quality of Life for Children and the broader University. public health decision NHMRC (with MCRI). with Cerebral Palsy – Initial discussions have • Environmental, social, development of the child making. commenced around the behavioural and biological and adolescent self and • Progress in Public Health – development of coursework risk and protective factors proxy reports of the examining issues of equity subjects for incorporation for children’s oral health international CPQOL. across the public health into the Melbourne School and wellbeing. A new • Riding for the disabled – evidence base. of Population Health’s Victorian birth cohort evaluating the effectiveness • Cochrane Collaboration postgraduate program. funded by NHMRC. of horse riding for the Health Promotion and Knowledge transfer and • CountryKIDS cohort – disabled on QOL and Public Health Field, and translation monitoring and measuring functioning (RCT). transition to the new The McCaughey Centre oral health and behaviours Cochrane Public Health • Social exclusion of is strongly committed to of rural preschool children. Review Group. children in culturally knowledge transfer and • Smiling Schools – diverse communities: • Knowledge translation ensuring our research and addressing the oral health Factors influencing and for public health other academic activities literacy of school-aged development of school decision making in local are informed by and have community solutions. children and their families government planning a positive impact on the (in collaboration with • Health implications of (KTOP). An NHMRC communities around us. Dental Health Services uncertain child support cluster randomised trial The Centre is therefore Victoria). payments for children in of the effectiveness of highly consultative in the • Evaluation of the low income single parent KT strategies to address development of our policy effectiveness of families. public health decision research priorities, and environmental water • Community Building making in relation to establishing effective, fluoridation in Victoria (with Framework for Disability childhood obesity intersectoral partnerships MCRI). Services. prevention. across academia, 53 government departments • Invited keynote speaker for the future at the 15th Summary of findings and and agencies, community to City of Hume launch of Cochrane Colloquium, Sao implications for policy and groups and public and ageing strategy, presenting Paulo, Brazil (J Doyle, E practice’, National Research private sector organisations on ‘Age-Friendly Cities’ (K Waters). Centre for OHS Regulation is a guiding principle in Brasher). • Promotion of the Cochrane 2007 Colloquium, Australian the McCaughey Centre’s • ‘International perspectives Library and Public National University, approach to policy research, on age-friendly cities’, Health in the Cochrane Canberra. teaching and learning. invited keynote speaker Collaboration at the 6-8 February, LaMontagne The Centre’s strong focus to G21 forum, Geelong (K Global Forum for Health AD, Shaw A, Ostry A, Louie upon disseminating research Brasher). Research, Beijing, China A, and Keegel T. ‘Policy findings so these can be • VicHealth Review Panel for (N Priest). and practice responses to employed ‘on the ground’ the Tobacco Control Unit • Outline of Cochrane the VicHealth Job Stress to make a real difference (T Lamontagne). Collaboration and role Report’, National Research Centre for OHS Regulation is manifest in a range of • Invited Public Presentation, of public health within knowledge transfer and the Collaboration to 2007 Colloquium, Australian Department of Premier and National University, community engagement Cabinet (M Frere). the Institute of Forensic activities, from presenting Medicine at the Coroners Canberra. • Invited keynote address at conferences and Office (R Armstrong). 6-8 February, Stuckey R, to DHS executive meeting facilitating local community LaMontagne AD, and Sim on Age-Friendly Cities (K • Knowledge sharing with forums, to addressing State MR. ‘Risk and protective Brasher). ABS on data visualisation Government department and access to regional factors for occupational light meetings and initiating round • Community Indicators data (X Chen, M Davern, S vehicle user crash, injury, and table discussions with key Victoria: Presentation to Gelsi). fatality outcomes’, National stakeholders and relevant the VicHealth Board (M Research Centre for OHS Conferences and peak body institutions Frere). Regulation 2007 Colloquium, around issues of health and • Forum on strategic seminar presentations Australian National community wellbeing. research directions around 6-8 February, LaMontagne University, Canberra. AD. Oral presentation at Examples of McCaughey discrimination with the 6-8 February, Keegel T, and National Research Centre for Centre contributions to VicHealth Advisory Board LaMontagne AD. ‘Worker OHS Regulation Colloquium research and policy forums (M Frere). participation in OHS: Theory, on ‘Workplace stress in policy and practice’, National and roundtables in 2007 • CIV and poverty alleviation, Victoria: developing a Research Centre for OHS include: China Social Entrepreneur systems approach: summary Foundation (X Chen). Regulation 2007 Colloquium, • ‘Evaluating mental health of findings and implications Australian National promotion programs: • Keynote address at launch for policy and practice’, University, Canberra. Connecting evidence of WHO Age-Friendly National Research Centre 6-8 February, Vallance D, and practice’, roundtable Cities guide (K Brasher). for OHS Regulation 2007 Holloway A, and LaMontagne discussion led by • Department of Premier Colloquium, Australian AD. ‘Smoking cessation Professor Margaret Barry and Cabinet’s Expert National University, in asbestos exposed (National University of Roundtable on ‘Agile Canberra. workers: What public Ireland). Government’ (M Frere). 6-8 February, LaMontagne health response?’, National • International meeting of • Overview of the work AD, Shaw A, Ostry A, Louie Research Centre for OHS Project Leaders in WHO of the Cochrane Health A, and Keegel T. ‘Workplace Regulation 2007 Colloquium, Age-Friendly Cities, Promotion and Public stress in Victoria, developing Australian National London (K Brasher). Health Field and plans a systems approach: University, Canberra. 54 Core strength: Centre’s Professor Waters (left) with some values and members of her research team, Jodie aims a Doyle, Rebecca Armstrong and ‘natural fit’ Naomi Priest. For Professor Elizabeth Waters, joining the McCaughey Centre – and returning to Melbourne University – is a natural fit as she continues her impressive public health career, which focuses on child public health. “There is such a strong affiliation of what we want to achieve and the values and overall aims of the Melbourne School of late 1990s when she was a five-year, 23-school With the security of a base Population Health and the at the Murdoch Childrens community program at Melbourne, the Public McCaughey Centre,” says Research Institute and aimed at improving child Health Agency of Canada is Professor Waters, who the Centre for Community health and wellbeing and now planning to establish took up her appointment Child Health at the Royal preventing obesity. This is its own site, while there are as Professorial Fellow: Children’s Hospital. being funded by the State also similar developments Public Health and Health Her early research during Government through its Go in India and Asia.” Equity with the McCaughey this period focused on For Your Life program. On the future of public Centre in October 2007. building epidemiological As well, Professor Waters health in Australia, “The strength of Melbourne knowledge of the health has received five years of Professor Waters is University and in particular and wellbeing of children funding from VicHealth optimistic but practical. the Melbourne School of and adolescents across for the new international “The challenge is that Population Health is its Victoria and, in particular, Cochrane Public Health while public health is very strong foundations the health inequalities Review Group, which now more on the political in research systems, experienced by particular is being formed out of agenda and we are seeing impressive academic and groups within the the Cochrane Health a stronger focus on administrative staff, and population. Promotion and Public careful development of the attitude of ‘let’s make it Child health inequalities Health Field. Part of the interventions and stronger happen’. remain a central theme International Cochrane evaluations in the area “Much of our research on of her research because Collaboration, a not-for- of health promotion and child health inequalities has “if you focus on the life profit organisation of prevention, the solutions revolved around building course approach and more than 15,000 authors are complex the evidence base and make a difference early and members, the review “The contemporary working towards solutions in life we know we can group is scheduled for political scene means that can make an impact, make an impact on registration in April 2008. there is often a need for and the McCaughey norms, behaviours and “The opportunity to align quick wins, but you don’t Centre’s philosophy of environments over the the review group with get quick wins in health ‘knowledge for common longer term”. a strong international promotion and prevention. good’ aligns perfectly with Among her key research university such as We need to move beyond our work.” projects, Professor Waters Melbourne has already well-intentioned actions Joining Professor Waters and her team will continue made a difference.” says hoping for quick wins to at the Centre is a core their partnership with the Professor Waters. “It is the need for thoroughly team of about a dozen Moreland Community helping to build the critical researched policy relevant researchers, which has Health Service to run fun mass that is at the core long term sustainable gradually built up since the ‘n’ healthy in Moreland!, of high quality research. programs.” 55 20-23 February, ‘Kindling 27-30 June, Professor and Geovisualisation’, disease clusters’. Meeting the flame: Promoting mental John Wiseman was the International Cartographic of the Central Safety health and wellbeing’, the discussant on a session Association Conference, Professionals’ Group, Clifford Beers Foundation, exploring the work being Moscow. University of Melbourne. Perth, attended by S West, G done on producing sets of 14 September, Frere M. 7 December, Wiseman Berman. progress indicators for local ‘Personalising Government J. ‘Learning from the 21-22 February: ‘From communities at the OECD Services’, Australia experience of developing Welfare to Social Istanbul World Forum – New Zealand School Community Indicators Measuring and Fostering the Investment’, Centre for of Government and Victoria’, presentation to Progress of Societies. Public Policy, University of State Services Authority forum on the development Melbourne, attended by T 3 July, Wiseman J. practitioners Forum. of ‘Community Indicators Keegel. ‘Community wellbeing 24-26 September, X Chen. Queensland’. in an unwell world: 4-8 June, Professor John ‘Community Indicators 10 December, Lamontagne Trends, challenges and Wiseman facilitated a 2007 and Geovisualisation’, AD, ‘An Australian Case opportunities’, Faculty of Cranlana seminar series. International Conference Study in the Assessment Medicine, Dentistry and The Cranlana Program offers on Virtual Systems and of Research Impact – Health Sciences Dean’s people from all sectors Multimedia, Brisbane. Workplace Stress in Victoria: Lecture Series, University of of Australian society the 29-31 October, Lamontagne Developing a Systems Melbourne. opportunity to participate in a AD, Holloway A, Vallance Approach’, presented to the unique program of seminars 26-27 July, Wiseman J. D. ‘The establishment of Center for the Promotion of directed at enhancing ‘The contribution of cultural a Latrobe Valley power Health in the New England their understanding of the development to community industry cohort and Workplace. philosophical, ethical and wellbeing: Key trends and biospecimen bank for the McCaughey Centre social issues central to emerging ideas’, Expanding study of asbestos-related events and co-hosted creating a just, prosperous Cultures: Arts and Local diseases’, National Research and sustainable society in Government Conference, Centre for Asbestos-Related events: Australia and to securing Melbourne. Diseases, 2007 Annual April-May, The McCaughey Australia’s place in the world. 3 August, LaMontagne AD, Scientific Meeting, University Centre, in conjunction 4-5 June, LaMontagne A, Keegel T and Vallance D. of Western Australia, Perth. with Swinburne University, Keegel T, and Vallance D. ‘Job Stress’, presentation 2 November, Lamontagne delivered a series of state- ‘Changing Labour Markets: at Victorian Independent AD. ‘Integrating Occupational wide information forums Job Stress and the need Education Union OHS Health Protection & for local governments and for a Systems Approach’, Conference 2007, Workplace Health Promotion: community organisations ACTU Health and Safety Melbourne. A Strategy for Addressing on behalf of the Community Conference: Reclaiming OHS 20 August, LaMontagne Social Gradients in Smoking Indicators Victoria (CIV) Workers’ Compensation for AD. ‘Work and You: Happy and Cessation?’, invited project. The forums covered Working Australians. Together’, presentation in speaker at Tobacco Control: the use of CIV as a tool for 4-6 June, ‘5th Annual the Shine Dome, Canberra. Where To From Here?, a policy making and planning, Communities in Control Associate Professor Tony collaborative forum for and were undertaken in eight Conference’, Melbourne, LaMontagne participated in Department of Human Victorian locations. attended by G Berman. a panel discussion on work Services, VicHealth, Quit and 29 May, ‘Labour Market 9-15 June, ‘The 19th IUHPE and mental health on the VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Flexibility and Regulation: World Conference on Health ABC’s Life Matters program Control. Australian and International Promotion and Health as part of National Science 13 November, Glass Impacts and Strategies’. Education’, IUHPE General Week. D (Monash University), This forum for policy makers Assembly Canada, attended 4-9 August, X Chen. Lamontagne AD. and practitioners was hosted by A Lamontagne. ‘Community Indicators ‘Investigating non-infectious by The McCaughey Centre in 56 collaboration with the Centre Medicine, Dentistry and the Salvation Army, held a McCaughey Centre aims to for Applied Social Research, Health Sciences, University visiting appointment with utilise a range of formats and RMIT University. The forum of Melbourne. the McCaughey Centre from mediums for published work. speakers were: Dr Iain 8 August, ‘Developing and April to December. In addition to peer-reviewed Campbell, Senior Research using community wellbeing Ms Stephanie Rich, the publications (outlined in the Fellow, Centre for Applied indicators: An overview of the Australian Health Practice general publication section Social Research, RMIT role and work of Community Association’s Victorian of the School Report), University, on ‘Australian Indicators Victoria’, by Student of the Year and the Centre has produced Dimensions of Labour Market Professor John Wiseman as an Honours student in a range of reports for Flexibility and Regulation’; part of the Melbourne School Health Promotion at Deakin government departments, Associate Professor Tony of Population Health’s University, completed community groups and other LaMontagne, McCaughey seminar series. a placement with the organisations, a number of Centre, on ‘Job Stress, McCaughey Centre from which are noted below. Psychosocial Working 22 August, ‘Climate Change August to September. Brasher, K. ‘World Health Conditions, and Health’; Dr and Rural Health’, presented Organisation (WHO) Age Sara Charlesworth (Senior by the Climate Adaptation Dr Dianne Vella-Brodrick, Friendly Cities Initiative: Research Fellow, Centre for Science and Policy Initiative a Lecturer in the School of Melbourne Report’, Applied Social Research, (CASPI) and the Menzies Psychology, Psychiatry and presented to the WHO Age RMIT, on ‘Right to Request Foundation and supported Psychological Medicine at Friendly Cities Project Team Regulation’; and Dr Jim by the McCaughey Centre. Monash University, spent Meeting, London, 12-14 Stanford, Chief Economist, 11 December, ‘Left part of her sabbatical with March 2007. Canadian Autoworkers Out and Missing Out: the McCaughey Centre from Union and Research Fellow, Developing New Indicators September to December. Older people are a significant McCaughey Centre, on of Deprivation and Social Dr Angela Harden, and growing part of local ‘International Dimensions of Inclusion’, by Professor Associate Director of the communities. According Labor Market Flexibility and Peter Saunders, Director of Evidence for Policy and to the United Nations, the Regulation’. the Social Policy Research Practice Information and number of older persons 27 June, In conjunction Centre at the University of Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI- (60+) will double from the with the Centre for Health New South Wales. Centre), Social Science current 600 million to 1.2 Research Unit, Institute billion by 2025, and again, and Society, Dr Deb Warr Visiting Fellows, 2007: co-hosted a forum on of Education, University to 2 billion by 2050. The vast The McCaughey Centre’s ‘Reflections on Place, People of London, and the Co- majority of older people live Associate Professor Tony and Policy’. The forum Director of the Cochrane in homes and communities Lamontagne was a visiting brought together a breadth of Health Promotion and Public that have not been built academic at the University people to explore the impact Health Field, visited the with their needs in mind. To of place-based initiatives of Massachusetts, Lowel, for McCaughey Centre from 3 to support Governments, the in addressing health the month of December. 10 December. World Health Organisation disadvantages, including Dr Jim Stanford, the Publication released a Policy Framework guest speaker Dr Hilary Principal Economist with on Active Ageing in 2002. Thomson from the University the Canadian Auto Workers highlights This document shows what of Glasgow. Union in Toronto, held a For a full list of publications, needs to be done to help 3 July, ‘Community visiting appointment with see the 2007 Publications older persons. wellbeing in an unwell the McCaughey Centre from Report, page 93 Brasher, K and Wiseman, world: trends, challenges January to September. With a strong emphasis J, ‘Community Wellbeing and opportunities’, by Dr Rob Salter, a Community on knowledge transfer and in an Unwell World: Professor John Wiseman Development Worker with communicating research Trends, Challenges and as part of the Dean’s 2007 the Crossroads Youth and findings in a useful way to Opportunities’, McCaughey Lecture Series, Faculty of Family Services division of our various stakeholders, the Centre Policy Signpost #1, 57 Melbourne, November 2007. the dominant paradigm of the following outcomes from organic community hub that If we measure the health economic growth. This paper the study: is responding to household of our communities, our addresses the following • Identified barriers and contexts of socio-economic country and our world three questions: What is facilitators to action, and disadvantage and other solely by growth in wealth community wellbeing? Why evidence of a critical vulnerable circumstances and consumer spending, is community wellbeing opportunity to advocate for among local families. As then many of us, at least important? What are the a systems approach; a community hub, the most important international MELC offers a physical in Australia, are thriving. • Identified new priorities and Australian community and social setting that But if our definition of for intervention as well as wellbeing trends and issues? enables organisations to community wellbeing is evidence that job stress is provide integrated services, broadened to include the full LaMontagne AD, Shaw a significant contributor to resources and activities range of social, economic, A, Ostry A, Louie A, and health inequities; and environmental, cultural Keegel T. ‘Workplace stress targeting families with young • A substantial and and political issues which in Victoria, developing a children. The program is also inequitable disease burden matter most to citizens systems approach: Summary integrated into the school could be addressed and communities, then the of findings and implications structure with staff working by applying a systems diagnosis and prognosis are for policy and practice’, across the MELC and school approach to job stress in far more mixed. Globally, National Research Centre activities. A community Victoria. three billion people still live for OHS Regulation 2007 hub model for the delivery on less than two dollars a Colloquium, Australian Warr, D, ‘Outside the School of early childhood services day. Eleven million children National University, Gates’, Centre for Health is capturing the interest of under five die every year due Canberra, 6-8 February. and Society, the University policy makers in Australia to poverty related diseases. Psychological working of Melbourne, March 2007. and elsewhere (McCain & One billion people do not conditions are an emerging This report was developed Mustard 1999). This report have safe drinking water. In issue for all working people. and produced based on work provides insight into key Australia the gaps in income, Occupational health and undertaken in the Centre for aspects of a community hub in employment opportunities, safety has traditionally Health and Society. that has been developing in housing and in health been considered a blue- Since 1978, an early at the MELC. It explains outcomes continue to grow. collar concern, however learning centre hosted the network structure As in many affluent countries, psychological working by Meadowbank Primary of the community hub, there is also a rising tide conditions are now emerging School in the outer outlines features of the early of anxiety and depression as an OH&S concern for Melbourne suburb of learning program, presents even among the richest all working people, and Broadmeadows has become insights into the needs of and most fortunate. And as a potentially important the site of intense community local families, discusses for all of us, rich and poor, contributor to health engagement activities for processes for community our planetary environment inequalities, including job children and families in engagement, and describes appears in danger of stress, job insecurity, sexual the neighbourhood. With the positive outcomes that becoming increasingly harassment, bullying, clear understanding that are being generated. To fevered. Internationally, occupational violence, shift circumstances outside the illustrate these issues, the and in Australia, there is work and working hours. school gates impact on report draws on interviews growing interest in the This paper concludes that children’s learning prospects, that were conducted with concept of community job stress is a serious public the Meadowbank Early staff, parents and local wellbeing as a more holistic health problem that can be Learning Centre (MELC) service providers. and accurate measure addressed effectively using a offers an innovative and West S, Raysmith H. of societal progress than systems approach based on exemplary model of an ‘Planning Together: Lessons 58 Growing team: 2007 saw significant growth in the McCaughey Centre staffing profile, with 15 academic staff, 2 visiting staff and 1 professional staff member joining the team.

from local government and understanding of and opportunity to get context of local government community planning in community planning within involved in community community planning in Victoria’, Final Report, the local government sector planning and decision- Victoria, suggesting that Local Government Victoria and among other interested making; and community planning has Department of Planning and stakeholders. The report benefits for communities • Changing the way Community Development, was commissioned by Local and governments. It also Government works Melbourne, December 2007. Government Victoria and indicates that as the number to improve the way it This report captures the represents a commitment by of councils doing community responds to local priorities community planning the Victorian Government to planning grows, there is an and aspirations. experiences of 11 Victorian support the strengthening of increased need to learn from local governments in order local communities by: The report provides an and improve upon current to increase the knowledge • Improving people’s ability overview of the history and approaches. 59 60 Melbourne School of Population Health CHPPE Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics

Annual Report 2007

Head of Centre organisations. As a part of Report the launch I released a paper arguing that a new paradigm A real highlight for the year or model for the Australian was the official launch of health care system is our new centre, the Centre urgently needed to address for Health Policy, Programs the chronic illness epidemics and Economics on 12 that dominate patterns of September 2007 following disease in Australia currently. the acceptance by The It is both necessary and University of Melbourne in highly desirable that there be 2006 to establish the new an Advisory Committee to Centre based on the existing the Centre. This committee Program Evaluation Unit. was also established Head of the Centre for The Centre’s name much during 2007, comprising Health Policy, Programs better reflects our strengths individuals from a range of and Economics, Associate and our broadening interest health sectors. The Advisory Professor David Dunt. in health policy than our old Committee’s principal role Program Evaluation Unit will be to provide strategic The Centre for Health Policy, Programs and name. The new Centre will advice to the Head of Centre aim particularly to engage Economics is a multidisciplinary organisation, and to support the growth strategically in policy the core business of which is health services and of the Centre’s funding and development with the main its profile. We have been policy research and health economics. Its staff have stakeholders in the health successful in attracting a expertise in program evaluation, health economics, care system. truly outstanding committee economic evaluation, health law, epidemiology, social At the Centre launch, membership with very sciences and research methodology, and many have presentations were made wide representation across clinical backgrounds. by Professor Terry Nolan, the whole health sector. Head, Melbourne School of Representation of the The mission of the CHPPE is to contribute to the Population Health, Professor private health care sector is health of the community through research, teaching James Angus, Dean, Faculty particularly pleasing. of Medicine, Dentistry and and service relevant to health programs and policy. The Advisory Committee Health Sciences, and the membership is: It aims to do this by advancing relevant knowledge Centre’s special guest, Mr and addressing relevant issues productively and Peter Allen, Under Secretary, Mr Peter Allen, the flexibly. It also includes methodological development, Portfolio Services and Under Secretary, Portfolio Strategic Projects Divisions, Services and Strategic exemplary practice and a varied program of teaching Victorian Department of Projects Division, Victorian and training. It aims to achieve this mission by Human Services. The launch Department of Human improving the community’s ability to critically was very well attended by Services; evaluate the performance and funding of health both staff of the Melbourne Professor Mark Considine, School of Population Health Head of School, Centre policy and health programs. and the wider University for Public Policy, School community, as well as of Political Science, colleagues from external Criminology and Sociology, 61 The University of Melbourne; University. He has an were 18 higher degree 2, Health Services Research Mr Philip Davies, Deputy outstanding reputation for students, including 5 new 1 and Research Project in Secretary, Department of linking the skills of these enrolments in 2007. Health Program Evaluation Health and Ageing; areas to inform the derivation • The two courses in Health also offering the flexibly of of more effective public off-campus delivery. Mr Bruce R Dixon, Program Evaluation health and health care Managing Director, continue to attract Master of Public Health services. He is regarded as Healthscope Limited; enrolments from health This very substantial growth in the leading practitioner of professions. A total of 36 Mr Patrick Grier, Managing his academic generation enrolments in our subjects is participants undertook Director, Ramsay Health in his field and will make a well reflected in the foundation the courses internally over Care; significant contribution to subject, Health Economics four workshops, with 44 this critical area in Australia. and Program Evaluation, Mr Todd Harper, Chief participants attending the His appointment at The which is offered across the Executive Officer, VicHealth; three workshops that were University of Melbourne is a Victorian Consortium of Mr Alan Kinkade, Group delivered externally to joint one between the Faculty Public Health to students Chief Executive, Epworth government organisations. of Medicine, Dentistry and from Deakin University, La Hospital; Health Sciences and the • Penny Mitchell, Honorary Trobe University, Monash Dr Brendan Murphy, Chief Faculty of Law. Fellow, was awarded her University and The University Executive Officer, Austin PhD. of Melbourne. Rosemary Other highlights were: Health; McKenzie and Arthur Hsueh • CHPPE’s externally earned – Associate Professor Professor Terry Nolan, coordinated this subject, with income in 2007 was David Dunt Head, Melbourne School David Dunt, Margaret Kelaher, $2.6 million ($3.4 million of Population Health, The Teaching and Michelle Williamson, Theonie including funding from University of Melbourne; learning Tacticos, Peter Feldman, Lucio collaborative grants). This Naccarella, Michael Otim, Kiu- Professor Stephen is an increase of 27% on The ongoing demand for well Sang Tay-Teo, Katherine Ong Sedgwick, Director, 2006 and in excess of 50% taught and supervised and and Michelle Haby providing Melbourne Institute of on 2005. workplace-relevant subjects lectures and tutorials. There Applied Economic and Social • A total of 50 articles and and courses has continued were 138 students enrolled in Research; and reports were published in in 2007, with very substantial this subject in 2007. growth in enrolments within Professor Doris Young, 2007, including 32 refereed Master of Public Health our two streams of subjects Chair of General Practice, journal articles. students had access to the in the Master of Public Department of General • CHPPE’s student numbers following suite of health Health and research training Practice, The University of continued to steadily grow, economics/economic through doctoral studies, Melbourne. with 297 Master of Public evaluation subjects: as well as with the external The other important Health (MPH) students delivery of our short courses • Health Economics: highlight was the arrival from both The University in Health Program Evaluation Arthur Hsueh (Subject in January of Professor of Melbourne and other to government health Coordinator). David Studdert, Federation universities in the Victorian departments. • Economic Evaluation 1: Fellow and previously Consortium of Public Arthur Hsueh (Subject Associate Professor of Law Health undertaking our All subjects with the Coordinator). and Public Health from the postgraduate units in exception of Environmental Harvard School of Public Program Evaluation and Health Services Evaluation, • Economic Evaluation 2: Health. David is a Law/Arts Health Economics. Twelve which was offered as Steve Crowley (Subject graduate of The University MPH students completed distance delivery only in 2007, Coordinator). of Melbourne who holds their research projects in were offered on-campus with • Research Project in Health a Doctor of Science in program evaluation and Health Program Evaluation 1, Economics: Arthur Hsueh Public Health from Harvard health economics. There Health Program Evaluation (Subject Coordinator). 62 The Centre’s Health Program Evaluation teaching staff, (back from left) Peter Feldman, Rosemary McKenzie, David Dunt, Helen Jordan and Jenni Livingston, and (front) Theonie Tacticos and Joy Yeadon.

In the health program of the Medicare Benefits • Meivyta Belani Husman, five students new to the evaluation field, the Schedule. supervisor Jenni program. The following two following subjects were • Matthew Gerard Hercus, Livingston. Reproductive students submitted their available in 2007. Those in supervisor Steve Crowley. health programs for young theses in 2007: distance mode have been Finding the best-fit people in Indonesia – a • Penny Mitchell submitted designated D: resource allocation method proactive evaluation. in May and was conferred • Health Program Evaluation for Victoria’s alcohol and • Kenneth Mutesasira, in August 2007. Thesis 1 (D): Jenni Livingston other drug treatment supervisor Jenni title: Mental health care (Subject Coordinator). system: applicability of Livingston. Strengthening roles and capacities of • Health Program evaluation program budgeting and HIV prevention in Uganda: non-medical primary 2 (D): David Dunt and marginal analysis. the relevance and efficacy health and social care Rosemary McKenzie • Katharine Grace Hogg, of interventions tailored for services: An organisational (Subject Coordinators). supervisor Andrew Dalton. young people living with systems analysis. • Health Services Research Constructing a nonpareil HIV: a literature review. • Susan Day submitted 1 (D): David Dunt (Subject health workforce planning • Yen Nguyen Thi, in October 2007. Thesis Coordinator). model: an examination supervisor Jenni title: An investigation • Methods for Evaluating of the necessary Livingston. A proposal for into the extent to which in Health Services 1: components. a needs assessment of General Practitioner (GP) Margaret Kelaher (Subject • Andrew Metz, supervisors the capacity to investigate remuneration can be used Coordinator). Rob Carter and Stephen outbreaks of foodborne to overcome geographic diseases for sentinel inequities in the supply of, • Using Evaluation in Colgan. A cost analysis provinces to support and demand for, Medicare- Program Design: Jenni of coeliac screening establishing a foodborne funded GP services. Livingston (Subject strategies in symptomatic disease surveillance Coordinator). and asymptomatic Short courses system in Vietnam. • Research Project in Health individuals. Health Program • Vivienne Joan Twigg, Program Evaluation (D): • Susan Clare Phillips, supervisor Jenni Evaluation Jenni Livingston (Subject supervisor Steve Crowley. Two short courses in Health Coordinator). Targeted therapies: clinical Livingston. What are the Program Evaluation attracted panacea or economic needs of haematology • Environmental Health health professionals working fallacy? patients at Peter Services Evaluation MacCallum Cancer across a range of health (D only): Helen Jordan • Zahra Jaffer Ali Lassi, Centre? The early stages policy and program areas (Subject Coordinator). supervisor. Margaret of planning a functional in Australia and overseas. During 2007, 12 students Kelaher. Evaluation plan rehabilitation program The short courses provide completed their two for TB (Tuberculosis) for survivors of cancer an opportunity for practical, semester Research Project DOTS (Directly Observed treatment. workplace-oriented in either Health Economics/ Treatment Shortcourse) • Norea Yem, supervisor learning about health Economic Evaluation or Program, Aga Khan Health Jenni Livingston. A program evaluation and Health Program Evaluation. Service, Pakistan. proposal for needs of the opportunity to network These students completed • Waqo Dulacha Ejersa, midwifery training program with other public health reports on the following supervisor Jenni for traditional birth practitioners who share an topics: Livingston. Caring for attendants in Ratanakiri interest in health program • Rachel Dalton, people living with HIV/AIDS Province, Cambodia. evaluation. Short Course 1, supervisor Steve at home: An evaluation on Planning, Negotiation, Crowley. A framework for plan for the home based Higher degree students Evaluation Approaches, physiotherapy economic care program in Machakos There were 18 PhD students Criteria Selection and evaluations in the context district, Kenya. enrolled in 2007, including Program Logic Modelling, 63 Seminar program Once again, the Centre’s lunch time Seminar Series, which is open to all colleagues and the general public, proved to be extremely successful. The seminar topics are chosen to highlight current and key aspects of the Centre’s Research Program.

Date Presenter’s Name Topic of Presentation 6 March Jane Pirkis Research priorities in suicide prevention 20 March Rosemary McKenzie Evaluation of a consultation and education model in provision of advice on eating disorders 3 April David Studdert Disclosure of medical injury to patients: an improbable risk management strategy 17 April Penny Mitchell Emergent process constructs in inter-organisational research: using qualitative data to assess the construct validity of quantitative measures 1 May Sonja Hood Implementing evidence in health care: lessons from heart failure 15 May Arthur Hsueh The economics of finding a good doctor 5 June Andrew Dare The media monitoring project: preliminary findings 19 June Jenni Livingston Teaching program logic approaches 3 July Colleen Doyle Evaluation of the Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia (EACHD) community care packages for people with dementia 17 July Kristen Moeller-Saxone Implications of tobacco control measures for people with a mental illness 7 August Julia Witt Measuring hospital quality from re-admission and death records 21 August Katherine Ong The role of equity in the economic approach to healthcare resource allocation 29 August Emma Halliday Health policy evaluation and appraisal in the NHS in Scotland 4 September Bridget Hsu-Hage The value of evaluation: a rural experience 11 September Sandiran G. Premakanthan Planning for gathering performance results: Are we making the right investment upfront? 25 September Susan Day and Evaluating Measure 1 of the dementia initiative Rasika Rampitage 2 October Margaret Kelaher Changes in access to mainstream services among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 16 October Colleen Doyle and David Dunt Raising community awareness of successful strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 7 November Peter Feldman “There is no such thing as society”: promoting health risk and responsibility to poor neighbourhoods 20 November Theonie Tacticos Governance or empowerment? Conflicting aims of community engagement initiatives 11 December Helen Jordan Tall girls, breast density study: work in progress was held three times in 2007 Peter Feldman and Sonja and 15 participants on 13-14 territory health departments and attracted 27 participants. Hood. June. that fund contract research. Short Course 2, on Data Over half of this funding has Helen also ran three short Research Collection, Analysis and courses interstate. One come directly to the CHPPE Reporting in Health Program three-day short course in The CHPPE undertakes and the remaining funding has Evaluation, was run once in Health Program Evaluation evaluations of health been shared with collaborating 2007 and attracted a total of was delivered to 14 programs and policies at agencies. Since 2007, the 9 participants. participants at the NSW international, national, state CHPPE has focussed its Short Course 1 was Cancer Council in Sydney in and local levels. Since its research around four work coordinated and taught by February. Two two-day short establishment, the CHPPE streams: Primary Care, Mental Helen Jordan. Rosemary courses were delivered for has attracted more than Health, Health Policy and McKenzie provided a session the Office of the Australian $31 million in funding from key Health Economics. as a guest lecturer during Safety and Compensation granting bodies such as the Details of new and existing one of these courses. Short Council, Department of National Health and Medical research activities are set out Course 2 was taught by Employment and Workplace Research Council (NHMRC) under the following four work Helen Jordan, Michelle Relations, Canberra, with and from organisations such steams and includes major Williamson, Theonie Tacticos, 15 participants on 1-2 May, as Commonwealth and state/ grants awarded. 64 Primary Care The Primary Care Work Stream includes evaluations of projects run in general practice and other primary care settings, projects aimed at increasing the health and wellbeing of particular consumer groups (e.g. older people, people with diabetes) and/or projects that have a health education focus. Much of the work of the Primary Care Work Stream involves developing the capacity of funders and project workers to undertake evaluations of their own. This year saw the conclusion of CHPPE’s involvement in the Well for Life program. Well for Life is a health promotion initiative in Victorian aged care settings aimed at improving health and quality of life of frail older people through sound nutrition and participation in physical activity. Rosemary McKenzie and Lucio Naccarella, with assistance from Andrew Stewart in 2007, conducted an evaluation and capacity building strategy in Well for Life for three years. The evaluation found strong organisational and workforce development around health promotion in the aged care sector and identified new partnerships between aged care and the broader primary care sector. The project has generated a number of publications and conference presentations. The Primary Care Work Stream attracted funding for the following new project in 2007:

Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding Evaluation of The Victorian Health Margaret Kelaher, The project will $260,000 Building Bridges Promotion Foundation Yin Paradies, Anne evaluate practice to Phase 11 (Evaluating Pederson (Murdoch reduce discrimination practice to reduce University), Deborah affecting culturally discrimination Warr, Ian Anderson, and linguistically affecting Cultivating John Wiseman diverse communities and Linguistically focusing on programs Diverse (CALD) in VicHealth’s communities ‘Building Bridges’ scheme. The Building Bridges initiative aims to improve mental health and wellbeing by promoting positive contact and cooperation between migrant and refugee groups who are affected by discrimination and others in the community.

Existing research activities carried over from previous years included: • National Evaluation of the Australian Government Dementia Health Priority Initiative. • Helping smokers with a history of depression quit smoking safely: Depression and smoking cessation outcomes among clients of a tailored quitline callback service offering doctor-quitline co-management of smoking cessation and depression. • Responding to health inequalities: Investigating the impact of Neighbourhood Renewal on health and wellbeing in disadvantaged Victorian communities. • Raising awareness of prevention programs for chronic pulmonary disease. • The impact of the new post mortem consent procedure on recently bereaved parents. • Arts and Health Strategy. • Evaluation of the Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders. • Evaluation of the Best Start Program. • National Evaluation of the After Hours Primary Medical Care Trial. • Evaluation of the supply of pharmaceuticals to remote area Aboriginal health services. • Evaluation of the Well For Life Initiative. • Evaluation of the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Neurosciences. • Evaluation of the VicHealth Community Arts Development Scheme. • An investigation into the extent to which General Practitioner (GP) remuneration can be used to overcome geographic inequities in the supply and demand for GP services. • Evaluation of surveillance programs for nosocomial infection in smaller hospitals. • Interventions to improve evidence-based prescribing for heart failure. • Use of breast cancer screening and treatment services by Australian women aged 25 to 44 years following Kylie Minogue’s breast cancer diagnosis. • Evaluating the actions towards environmental health using Driver, Pressure, State and Exposure (DPSEEA) and program logic.

65 Mental Health The Mental Health Work Stream continues to conduct internationally-recognised projects in the area of mental health and suicide prevention, and its team of research staff is growing under the leadership of Jane Pirkis. In 2007, Andrew Dare (assisted by Shelby Williamson and Bree Rankin) completed a project examining changes in media reporting of suicide and mental illness over the past seven years (Media Monitoring Project 2). Andrew Dare and Shelby Williamson commenced a study examining outcome measures for carers of people with mental illness. Shelby Williamson also continued her involvement in a randomised controlled trial of an intervention designed to improve GPs’ ability to detect and manage depression and suicidality among their older patients. Justine Fletcher, Fay Kohn and Bridget Bassilios continued to work on the ongoing evaluation of the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care program. Justine Fletcher ably managed an evaluation of a new set of Medicare Benefits Schedule item numbers which provide reimbursement for psychologists’ services, assisted by Jo Christo. Jo Christo and Angela Delle Vergini commenced work on a project which is developing a set of clinical prompts for mental health care providers. Jane Pirkis had oversight of all the above projects and also continued her involvement with the analysis and reporting component of the Australian Mental Health Outcomes and Classification Network. She also undertook a number of additional projects on the epidemiology of suicide. New research activities funded this year include:

Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding Evaluation of Queensland Health Jane Pirkis, Jo This project is $99,980 the Queensland Robinson (Orygen evaluating the Government Suicide Research Centre), governance, programs Prevention Strategy Michelle Williamson, and outcomes of Philip Burgess the Queensland (University of Government Suicide Queensland), Meredith Prevention Strategy, Harris (University of using a variety of Queensland), Cathrine data sources and Mihalopoulos (Deakin both qualitative and University) quantitative methods.

Clinical prompts Commonwealth Philip Burgess As part of the $16,300 (UM project Department of Health (University of Australian Mental component only) and Ageing, via New Queensland), Tim Health Outcomes South Wales Institute Coombs (New South and Classification of Psychiatry Wales Institute of Network, this project is Psychiatry), Rod developing a library of McKay (Sydney South clinical prompts which West Area Health will assist clinicians to Service), Jane Pirkis use information from a range of outcome measures that are being used in public sector mental health services across Australia. The project is drawing on existing guidelines to develop evidence-based prompts to guide clinicians in monitoring and intervening with consumers whose scores on given outcome measures indicate that they may have particular problems (e.g. aggression, suicidality).

Monitoring media beyondblue Jane Pirkis, Andrew This project compares $33,200 reporting of Dare, Warwick media reporting of depression Blood (University of depression in 2000/01 Canberra) and 2006/07, in order to determine whether there have been changes in the accuracy of reporting of symptoms, causes, treatment and prognosis.

66 Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding Carer outcome Commonwealth Philip Burgess This project constitutes $105,450 (UM measurement Department of Health (University of a scoping study component only) in mental health and Ageing Queensland), Jane which represents the services Pirkis, Tim Coombs first step towards (New South Wales the introduction Institute of Psychiatry), of carer outcome Judy Hardy, Andrew measurement in Dare mental health services. It is addressing the following questions: (a) what instruments for measuring outcomes for carers have been developed for use by mental health services, or are relevant to mental health services, both in Australia and internationally? (b) How do the available instruments compare in terms of measurement domains, psychometric properties and feasibility for use in clinical practice? (c) Of the available instruments, which, if any, show best potential for use in Australian mental health services and should be subject to further investigation? An evaluation of Australian Rotary Jane Pirkis, Philip This project is $58,625 the new Medicare Health Research Fund Burgess (University of evaluating the uptake Benefits Schedule Queensland), Harvey of new Medicare psychologist item Whiteford (University Benefits Schedule numbers: Impacts of Queensland), Grant item numbers which for psychologists Blashki (Department provide rebates and their patients. of General Practice, for psychologists’ The University of services. The Melbourne), Lyn evaluation is Littlefield (Australian considering whether Psychological Society) the item numbers are achieving their aim of providing improved access to high quality mental health care for Australians.

Existing research activities carried over from previous years included: • Monitoring media reporting of suicide and mental illness. • Australian Mental Health Outcomes and Classification Network. • Evaluation of the Access to Allied Psychological Services Component of the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care program. • Reducing depression and suicide among older Australians: A cluster randomised clinical trial in primary health care. • Health risk screening of adolescents in primary care: A cluster randomised controlled trial.

67 Health Policy Work in the new health policy and law stream of the Centre began in January 2007 with David Studdert’s arrival. Efforts focused mainly on foundational work, scoping opportunities for improving understanding of legal and regulatory issues in public health through empirical research. Activities in 2007 include the launching of investigations into pathology service delivery, drivers of caesarean section rates in Australia, and compensation system reform. Funded Projects include:

Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding Using law to improve Australian Research David Studdert This research program $1,819,350 population health and Council (Federation will combine methods the quality of health Fellowship) from the social and care services statistical sciences with traditional legal analysis to explore a set of pressing policy issues at the intersection of legal and health systems in Australia, including: medical negligence litigation and consumer complaints; innovative approaches to compensation and dispute resolution in accident compensation schemes; the role and impact of coronial investigations in injury prevention; and the clash of law and science in litigation over severe birth injuries.

Compliance National Institute of David Studdert and Methods for estimating $US49,271 with adverse Health Steven Joffe the incidence of event reporting (Dana-Faber Cancer adverse events (AEs) requirements in Institute) in clinical trials have cancer clinical trials not been developed. This study adapts chart review-based methods developed for identifying AEs in the routine clinical (non- research) setting to the clinical trial context. The specific aims of the proposal include: 1) to estimate the incidence of reportable AEs in phase II cancer trials; 2) to estimate the proportion of AEs that meet reporting criteria but are not reported, as required; and 3) to estimate the inter-rater reliability of reviewers’ judgments concerning critical elements of AE determination, including severity, attribution to study interventions, and expectedness.

68 Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding Designing a reliable The Robert Wood David Studdert The goal of this $US46,702 system of medical Johnson Foundation, and Michelle Mello study is to provide justice Commonwealth Fund, (Harvard) research to support Harvard Program demonstration projects on Health System of an administrative Improvement compensation system for medical injury, called “health courts”. The project is investigating issues such as compensation criteria, costs, appropriate damages, constitutionality, and relationship of the system to patient safety. Health Economics The Health Economics Work Stream includes economic evaluation and health economics in general. In 2007, the research focused on economic evaluation and priority setting. One major project, Assessing cost effectiveness (ACE) in prevention, was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council. The work stream was responsible for the economic evaluation component for this project. Another project, Priority setting in Aboriginal health: planning for the prevention of non-communicable disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Aboriginal Health. This project also applies the ACE approach to priority setting to the prevention of non- communicable diseases in Indigenous Australians and how to contextualise Indigenous health. The Health Economics Work Stream has also successfully attracted funding for a new project which will start in 2008: How does chlamydia infection impact on the sexual, reproductive and mental health of Victorians and the Victorian health care system? The work stream will be responsible for the investigation and analysis of economic impacts for this project. Further details are below.

Title Funding body Chief investigator(s) Description Funding How does chlamydia Department of Human Hocking J, Fairley This project will use $186,869 infection impact Services, Victoria CK, Temple-Smith different research on the sexual, M, Keogh L, Chen M, methods to make an reproductive and Fisher J, Williams H, assessment of the mental health of Hsueh A (Centre for impact of chlamydia Victorians and the Health Policy, Programs on the sexual, Victorian health care and Economics), reproductive, mental system? Henning D, Bayly C, health and economic McNamee K. aspect of Victorians and their health care system. The research methods include a comprehensive literature review, analysis and evaluation of existing data sources, qualitative interviews with key informants, people affected by chlamydia and health care professionals and quantitative surveys. We will review participatory action- based chlamydia programs and will assess the economic evaluation literature of chlamydia control strategies.

Existing research activities carried over from previous years include: • Assessing Cost Effectiveness (ACE) in prevention. • Priority setting in Aboriginal health: Planning for the prevention of non-communicable diseases in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

69 improve performance, and use legal Shedding and financial incentives to improve the quality of health care. light on the “Knowledge in these areas must shape the way we deliver health care intersection over the next 20 or 30 years,” he says. “All countries face the same harsh reality in health care – there of where health are not enough resources to do all the things we’d like to do, and that meets law forces some difficult choices. “Those choices need to be made in an Professor David Studdert is using informed way, and empirical insights his 2007 Federation Fellowship drawn from a mix of perspectives to map new territory in Australia. – clinical, legal, ethical, political His ambitious research program and economic – should provide the is focusing on policy issues at information that decision-makers the intersection of the legal and New field of research: Professor need. Rather than sending fragmented health care systems. It combines Studdert says law and health policy signals from various academic conventional research methods from connect in several crucial ways. disciplines, it is going to be far better law, such as analysis of regulation for decision-makers if we can produce and litigation, with those from public Based at CHPPE and the Melbourne research that rolls together a number health, mainly epidemiology and Law School, Professor Studdert of those perspectives into a coherent statistics. has spent much of his first year attempting to foster an appetite for message. The aim of this blended approach is this new field both inside and outside “But ultimately there are important to shed fresh light on contentious the University, with the aim of making normative judgements to be made. policy issues, such as poor quality the research self-sustaining in the Mathematical equations are not health care and the role of the longer term. going to tell you whether we should coroner in reducing fatal injury. “Law and health policy connect in spend our limited health care dollars The application of this kind of several crucial ways,” says Professor on keeping the terminally ill alive multidisciplinary approach to the Studdert. “Law is a tool for improving or providing preventative services study of health policy is more population health. Behind every to children – but they can certainly developed in the United States, he important health policy you’ll find illuminate the tradeoffs involved.” says, where Professor Studdert has a tangle of rules and regulations. Professor Studdert is enjoying the been living and working for the past But then public health programs professional challenge of helping to 12 years. often provoke legal concerns—the raise understanding of a field that is A joint professorial fellow in the individual freedoms and coercive not well understood here. “Ultimately, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and measures like quarantine regulations the objective is to inform policy. We Health Sciences, and the Faculty being the classic example.” owe it to ourselves not to embark of Law, Professor Studdert arrived Interest in using empirical on a debate about issues that really in January 2007 from the Harvard approaches to investigate the real- matter, like abortion or preventable School of Public Health, where he world impact of health laws and deaths in hospitals, in some kind of was Associate Professor of Law and policies is growing internationally. information vacuum. Solid evidence Public Health. Professor Studdert believes it has the from good research needs to be there Under the umbrella title, ‘Using Law potential to transform the way that at the table in a form that speaks to to Improve Population Health and health care systems make decisions politicians and bureaucrats,” he says. the Quality of Health Care Services’, about the use of limited resources. “The ultimate test of this work is the four major projects funded by the “This is one part of a broader push whether the papers I write turn out Federation Fellowship span highly to try to understand better what it to be interesting and useful to the challenging issues, including the use is we actually do in the health care people making the hard decisions of scientific evidence in litigation over system. It springs from a desire about health policy in Australia and severe birth injuries. to measure important outcomes, around the world.” 70 Centre embraces ‘big picture’ issues

The launch of the Centre for Health Helping to launch CHPPE Policy, Programs and Economics were Melbourne School (CHPPE) in September 2007 signalled of Polulation Health a broadening of the Centre’s scope to head, Professor Terry embrace “the big picture” issues of Nolan (left), the Centre’s health policy and health systems, while Associate Professor David continuing its health program evaluation Dunt, Mr Peter Allen, and health economics activities. Under Secretary, Portfolio CHPPE’s director, Associate Professor Services and Strategic David Dunt, says the elevation of the Projects Division, Victorian Program Evaluation Unit to the status Department of Human of a centre will help raise its profile Services, and Professor as it takes a more active role in high James Argus, Dean of level health policy forums, applies for the Faculty of Medicine, competitive grants and engages in the Dentistry and Health public debate about health policy at a Sciences. Professor Argus macro level. and Mr Allen also gave keynote addresses at the Mr Peter Allen, Under Secretary, launch. Portfolio Services and Strategic Projects Division, Victorian Department of Human Services, was a key speaker at CHPPE’s 12 September launch, along with the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Professor James Angus, and the Head of the Melbourne School of Population Health, Professor Terry Nolan. At the launch, which was attended by about 80 people, Associate Professor Nor was it geared for illness have funding for health services put Dunt said that despite the obvious prevention, he said. under one of the two jurisdictions need for health service evaluation “Around this fee-for-service system has or even under a new regional and research, this area was only now developed our largely uncoordinated administering body. emerging as a discipline. health care system based on mixed He said the separation of public and In keeping with CHPPE’s expanded public/private health care sectors and private sectors should be broken focus, in his speech he called for the overlapping roles of Commonwealth down so there was only one sector. a new universal healthcare system and State governments in both funding “Private health insurance could to replace Medicare. “Our system – and delivering services,” he said. “The still exist in such a system but be based on the fee-for-service, doctor- private health expenditure sector in restricted to health extras such as patient consultation – was set up to Australia is the third highest of the optometry and funding higher levels deal predominantly with acute, short- 10 comparable OECD countries with of hospital amenity,” he said. similar socio-economic structures, term illnesses,” he said. The mixture “Third, and most importantly for health systems and standards of living of private/public health services that chronic illnesses, the Medicare to Australia.” had built up around it was confusing Benefits Schedule (MBS) should and inefficient. The system urgently needs major be overhauled so that payment for The current system was unsuitable change, he said. services can be made to teams for meeting the demands that have Associate Professor Dunt called for of health professionals providing evolved, as the population has aged, a strict separation of the roles of the ongoing care, not just doctors for the treatment of chronic diseases. Commonwealth and the States or to providing one-off care.” 71 Community • Member of the Drinkwise Research Foundation. Development. activities Research Advisory David Studdert • Reviewer, Australian and Committee. New Zealand Journal of During 2007 CHPPE staff • Reviewer, Australian Rosemary McKenzie Psychiatry. continued to be active in Development Research the wider community as • Member of the Awards. • Reviewer, Australian members of important Evaluation Working • Reviewer, Agency for e-Journal for the advisory committees, Group of the National Health Care Research and Advancement of Mental reviewers of potential articles Prescribing Service Ltd Quality (US). Health. (ongoing appointment for a variety of refereed Journals • Reviewer, Australian journals and assessors of since 2006). Veterinary Journal. David Dunt grant applications. Jane Pirkis • Reviewer, BMC Public Committee • Australian National • Reviewer, Australian and Health. New Zealand Journal of memberships Representative, • Reviewer, Crisis. International Association Public Health. David Dunt for Suicide Prevention. • Reviewer, Family Practice. • Reviewer, Mass • Treasurer, Health Services Communication and • Chair, Suicide and the • Reviewer, BMC Family Research Association Society. Media Task Force, Practice. of Australia and New • Reviewer, Social International Association • Reviewer, BMC Health Zealand. for Suicide Prevention. Psychiatry and Psychiatric Services Research. Epidemiology. • Health Ambassador, • Executive Member, • Reviewer, European Journal UNESCO Observatory Health Services Research David Studdert of General Practice. on Multi-disciplinary Association of Australia • Reviewer, Medical Journal Research. and New Zealand. Colleen Doyle of Australia. Bridget Hsu-Hage Referee and assessor • Reviewer, International • Reviewer, BMC Health • Goulburn Valley Health, services for grant Psychogeriatrics Journal. Services Research. Board Director. applications and • Reviewer, International • Reviewer, Australia and • Goulburn Valley Health, journals Journal of Geriatric New Zealand Journal of Primary Health Care Psychiatry. Health Policy. and Population Health Grant bodies Arthur Hsueh • Reviewer, Milbank Committee. Bridget Hsu-Hage • Reviewer, Australian and Quarterly. • Goulburn Valley Health, • Assessor, NHMRC New Zealand Journal of • Reviewer, New England Research and Ethics Alternative Medicine Public Health. Journal of Medicine. Committee. Special Grants. • Reviewer, Journal of • Reviewer, Journal of • Chinese Health Jenni Livingston PharmacoEconomics. the American Medical Foundation, Board • Reviewer, Good Sports Margaret Kelaher Association. Director. Program Grant. • Member, Editorial Board, • Reviewer, Saudi Medical Margaret Kelaher Jane Pirkis Health Policy. Journal. • Health Ambassador, • Member, Selection Fay Kohn • Reviewer, Medical Care. UNESCO Observatory Committee, Australian on Multi-disciplinary Rotary Health Research • Reviewer, Medical Journal • Reviewer, Australia and Research. Fund Mental Health of Australia. New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. • Scientific Advisory Research Grants. Jane Pirkis Committee, Third Vietnam • Member, Selection • Member, Editorial Board, • Reviewer, Journal of Legal Veteran’s Mortality Study, Committee, Australian Crisis. Studies. Department of Veteran’s Rotary Health Research • Member, Editorial Board, Theonie Tacticos Affairs. Fund Mental Health. International Journal of • Reviewer, Australian and Jenni Livingston • Reviewer, Raine Medical Mental Health System New Zealand Journal of 72 Public Health. Health Services Research 1 September. Francisco, November. • Reviewer, Journal of Association of Australia and Pirkis, J. (2007), Evaluation Seminar presentations Sociology. New Zealand 5th Annual of an Australian national Pirkis, J. and Beautrais, A. Conference, Auckland, primary mental health care • Reviewer, RMIT Women (2007), Correlates of falling November. initiative, 5th Health Services and Work monograph. rates of youth suicide: Kelaher, M., Taylor- and Policy Research • Reviewer, ‘Environmental Australia and New Zealand. Thomson, D., Harrison, N., Conference, Auckland, Health’, the Journal of American Foundation for O’Donoghue, L., Dunt, D., 4 December. the Australian Institute of Suicide Prevention Youth Barnes, T. and Anderson, I. Environmental Health. Tay-Teo, K., Moodie, M., Suicide Forum, Dublin, (2007), Improving access to Bernhardt, J., Thrift, A., 25 August. International medicines among clients of Collier, J., Donnan, G. and conferences remote area Aboriginal and Dewey, H. (2007), Economic National conferences Bishop, N., Borland, R., Torres Strait Islander health evaluation alongside a phase Campbell, T., Pierce, D. Balmford, J., Segan, C.J., services, Social, Cultural and II, multi-centre, randomised and Hsu-Hage, B. (2007), McKay-Brown, L., Andrews, Economic Determinants of controlled trial of very early The development of a C., Tasker, C. and Peterman, Health Conference, Lisbon, rehabilitation after stroke research proposal on a L. (2007), Mass dissociable May. (AVERT), European Stroke shared experiences online approaches for enhancing Kelaher, M., Dunt, D., Conference,Glasgow, UK, 29 intervention program for smoking cessation in Day, S. and Feldman, P. May – 2 June. sub-acute lower back pain, general practice – a cluster (2007), Effects of financial Tay-Teo, K., Doran, C., PHCRED Conference, randomised trial, 2007 disadvantage on use and Carter, R. and Hall, W. School of Rural Health, The Oceania Tobacco Control non-use of after hours care in (2007), Priority setting in University of Melbourne, Conference, Antae Centre, Australia, Social, Cultural and illicit drug use prevention – a Shepparton, November. and The Edge: Performing Economic Determinants of discussion on methodology, Dunt, D. and Doyle, C. Arts and Conventions, Health Conference, Lisbon, International Health (2007), Training in dementia Auckland, New Zealand, 4-7 May. Economic Association care in Australia, Australian September. Pirkis, J. (2007), Copycat Annual Conference, Association of Gerontology de Leeuw, E., Frew, R., suicides, 14th International Copenhagen, Denmark, Conference, Adelaide, Jones, S., Godbold, T., Association for Suicide 8-11 July. November. Ednie, G., Garrard, J., Prevention World Congress, Feldman, P. (2007), Horton, K., Tacticos, T., Poster presentations Killarney, 28 August – 1 Self-rated health and the Piontek-Walker, H., and Christie, J., Day, L., Osborne, September. importance of place, 38th Butterworth, I. (2007), R., Segan, C. and Wark, PHAA Annual Conference, A comparison of local Pirkis, J., Dare, A., Blood, J.D. (2007), Bone mineral Alice Springs, NT, 24 endeavours to develop R.W., Burgess, P., Skehan, density in quitters compared September. and implement healthy J. and Jolley, D. (2007), with continuing smokers public policy: Victoria Evaluating the influence at one year: the Quitline Fletcher, J., Bassilios, B., (Australia), England, and of media guidelines on cohort study, 17th Annual Pirkis, J., and Kohn, F. The Netherlands, at the reporting of suicide: The Scientific Meeting of the (2007), Australian mental 2007 IUHPE Conference, Australian experience, 14th Australian and New Zealand health policy reform, impact Vancouver, Canada. International Association for Bone and Mineral Society, on psychologists and client Kelaher, M., Cawson, J., Suicide Prevention World Rydges Lakeland Resort, outcomes, at 42nd Australian Miller, J., Kavanagh, A., Congress, Killarney, 28 Queenstown, New Zealand, Psychological Society Dunt, D. and Studdert, D. August – 1 September. 9-12 September. Conference, Brisbane 25-29 (2007), Use of breast cancer Pirkis, J. (2007), Australia’s Doyle, C., White, V., Hunter, September. screening and treatment suicide prevention C. and Ward, S. (2007), Hsueh, A. (2007), Impacts of services by Australian activities, 14th International Community care for people individual/household socio- women aged 25 to 44 years Association for Suicide with dementia in Australia; economic conditions and following Kylie Minogue’s Prevention World Congress, Gerontological Society of area environment on health breast cancer diagnosis, Killarney, 28 August – America Conference, San in Australia, Using Five-Wave 73 Panel Data of HILDA surveys, the media: What we know into health care – how to Evaluation in Program HILDA Survey Conference and what we don’t know, 5th generate a sustainable Design, Australasian 2007, The University of World Conference of Science service, The Way Forward: Evaluation Society Melbourne, 19-20 July. Journalists, Melbourne, 19 Chronic Disease Self- International Conference, Kelaher, M., Warr, D. and April. Management in Australia Melbourne, 3 September. Feldman, P. (2007), The Rasekaba, T., Williams, E. National Conference, 26 July. Seminar presentations effects of area based stigma and Hsu-Hage, B. (2007), Poster presentation Bassilios, B. and Fletcher, Will an eight-week pulmonary on health, Public Health Bassilios, B., Fletcher, J. (2007), Evaluation rehabilitation course at Association of Australia 38th J., Pirkis, J., Kohn, K., of the Access to Allied Kyabram and District Health Annual Conference, Alice Blashki, G., Burgess, P. Psychological Services Services improve Chronic Springs, September. (2007), Evaluating the Access (ATAPS) Projects, Obstructive Pulmonary Livingston, J. (2007), Flaws to Allied Psychological presentation at National Disease patient outcomes? in the logic? – empirical Services (ATAPS) Projects: Division Liaison Officers PHCRIS Conference, evidence supporting the Progressive achievements Mental Health Network Sydney, June. use of some program over time, Australian General Meeting, Adelaide, 20 logic models over other Studdert, D. 2007, Tort Practice Network Forum, August. approaches, Australasian system performance and Hobart, 15-18 November. Bassilios, B. and Fletcher, effectiveness of tort reform: Evaluation Society Bassilios, B., Naccarella, L., J. (2007), Evaluation Insights from America, International Conference, Pirkis, J., Morley, B., Kohn, of the Access to Allied keynote address, Institute for Melbourne, September. F., Blashki, G., Burgess, Psychological Services International Research (IIR) McKenzie, R. (2007), “Use P. (2007), Key lessons from (ATAPS) Projects, Medico-Legal Conference, it or lose it”: employing evaluating the access to presentation at Victorian Melbourne, 14 February. participatory approaches to allied psychological services Mental Health Network maximise use of evaluation Studdert, D. 2007, Do tort projects for Australia’s Meeting, Melbourne, 7 and influence policy in health reforms work? keynote primary mental health care September. promotion, Australasian address, Law Institute system, General Practice Bassilios, B. and Fletcher, Evaluation Society of Victoria Medico-Legal and Primary Health Care J. (2007), Evaluation International Conference, Conference, Melbourne, 29 Research Conference, of the Access to Allied Melbourne, 5 September. November. Sydney, 23-25 May. Psychological Services Moeller-Saxone, K. Tacticos, T. (2007), Kohn, F., Pirkis, J., Morley, (ATAPS) Projects, South and Weedon, K. (2007), Governance or B., Naccarella, L., Blashki, Australia Mental Health Autonomy or paternalism? empowerment? Conflicting G. (2007), Utilisation of Network Meeting, Adelaide, The ethics of tobacco aims of ‘community evaluation findings from a 11 July. control interventions in engagement’ initiatives, 38th major Australian primary Dare, A. (2007), The mental health, The Mental Public Health Association health care initiative, AES Media Monitoring Project, Health Services (TheMHS) of Australia (PHAA) Annual Australasian Evaluation Melbourne School of Conference, 4-7 September. Conference, Alice Springs, Society International Population Health, 24 June. September. Pirkis, J., Bassilios, B., Evaluation Conference, Feldman, P. (2007), ‘Got Fletcher, J., Kohn, F., Tacticos, T. (2007), Melbourne, 3 September. it’! Grounded approaches Blashki, G. and Burgess, Governance or Kohn, F., Pirkis, J., Morley, to well-being in the P. (2007), Provision of empowerment? Conflicting B., Naccarella, L., Blashki, neighbourhood, Reflections primary mental health care aims of ‘community G. (2007), Utilisation of on Place, People and in Australia: The Better engagement’ initiatives, evaluation findings from a Policy Forum, University of Outcomes in Mental Health The Australian Sociological major Australian primary Melbourne, 27 June. Care program, World Association, Beechworth, health care initiative, General June. Fletcher, J. and Bassilios, Psychiatric Association Practice and Primary Health B. (2007), Access to Allied Conference, Melbourne, Workshop presentation Care Research Conference, psychological Services 1 December. Livingston, J. (2007), Sydney, 23-25 May. (ATAPS) Projects – Minimum Pirkis, J. (2007), Suicide and Introducing innovation Livingston, J. (2007), Using Data Set as Evaluation Tool, 74 Funding boost: Jane Pirkis (left), Justine Fletcher and Jo Christo received an Australian Rotary Health Research Fund Grant at the Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, in October. The grant will allow them to continue an evaluation of the uptake of Medicare rebates for psychologists’ services.

NSW Mental Health Network Working Group, Melbourne, Publication reporting of suicide. Meeting, Sydney, 27 July. 13 February. highlights Gallagher, T., Studdert, Fletcher, J. and Bassilios, Pirkis, J. (2007), The Better D. and Levinson, W. 2007. The Centre for Health Policy, B. (2007), Evaluation Outcomes in Mental Health Current Concepts: Disclosing Programs and Economics of the Access to Allied Care program: Some Harmful Medical Errors Psychological Services implications for the new published 50 journal articles, to Patients. New England (ATAPS) Projects, WA Mental MBS item numbers, National reports and conference Journal of Medicine. 356: Health Network Meeting, Mental Health Workforce papers, including 32 peer 2713-2719 reviewed journal articles, in Perth, 2 November. Advisory Group, Melbourne, Studies from more than 15 February. 2007, a selection of which Fletcher, J., Bassilios, are provided below. For six countries report a high prevalence of harmful B., and Kohn, F. (2007), Pirkis, J. (2007), The Better details of all 2007 CHPPE medical errors. Most Evaluation of the Access to Outcomes in Mental Health publications please refer providers and patients realise Allied Psychological Services Care program: Some to the full school 2007 (ATAPS) Projects, Victorian implications for the new that health care services Publications Report, Mental Health Network MBS item numbers, National are potentially hazardous beginning on page 93 . Meeting, Melbourne, 1 June. Mental Health Standing and that errors sometimes Blood, R., Pirkis, J. and Jordan, H. 2007, Committee, Melbourne, 16 occur despite the best efforts Holland, K. 2007. Media Environmental health: February. of people and institutions. reporting of suicide methods: Effectiveness, efficiency and Studdert, D. (2007), Patients expect to be An Australian Perspective. performance measurement, Disclosure of medical injury: informed promptly when Crisis (Kirkland). 28 (Suppl 1): Department of Human Research perspective. they are injured by care, 64-69 Services Food Safety Forum, Medical Defence Association especially care that has gone Event Centre, Flemington of Victoria, Open Disclosure Internationally, media wrong. However, a divide Racecourse, 18 April. Education Forum, guidelines on the reporting between these expectations of suicide suggest that the and actual clinical practice is Kohn, F. and Bassilios, B. Melbourne, 7 June. method of suicide should not increasingly evident. (2007), Evaluating the Access Studdert, D. 2007, Studying be explicitly reported. This to Allied Psychological quality of care, Australian Kelaher, M., Dunt, paper presents quantitative Services (ATAPS) Projects, Commission on Safety D. and Dodson, S. data on the reporting of Brisbane, 28 August. and Quality in Health Care, 2007. Unemployment, Sydney, 10 September. suicide in Australia, which contraceptive behaviour Ong, K. (2007), The role suggest that the media and reproductive outcomes of equity in the economic Studdert, D. 2007, American present a skewed image of among young Australian approach to healthcare health policy – Just reality with an over-reporting women. Health Policy. 82 (1): resource allocation, Graham cautionary tales? Melbourne of suicide by violent and 95-101 Rouch Presentations, School of Population Health unusual methods. It also This paper examines AFPHM Victorian Branch Seminar Series, University of presents qualitative textual Regional Committee Melbourne, 4 April. whether unemployment analyses of examples of and partnership affects Meeting, The Royal Studdert, D. 2007, newspaper reports of suicide Australian College of pregnancy, live births Deconstructing negligence, in an attempt to examine Physicians, Melbourne, and terminations among Melbourne Law School differences in reporting 24 October. young Australian women. Faculty Seminar Series, practices across media Unemployment has Pirkis, J. (2007), What we University of Melbourne, and genres and to explore conventionally been used in have learnt from the Access 15 October. the limits of the notion of epidemiological studies to to Allied Psychological Tacticos, T. (2007), Beyond “explicitness”. The paper examine the health effects Services (ATAPS) projects?, the rhetoric: The what, how concludes that journalistic of loss of opportunity, Department of Human and why of community decisions to maximise material resources and Services Forum, 31 January. engagement, at the the newsworthiness of a satisfaction associated with Pirkis, J. (2007), Suicide: Reflections on Place, People story often conflict with the work. During welfare reform Epidemiology and and Policy Forum, University promotion of the accurate, in the 1990s it was argued prevention, Rail Suicide of Melbourne, 27 June. ethical, and responsible that unemployment and 75 associated welfare receipt Planned Activity Groups novel multi-attribute utility well as Health Economics could influence reproductive and residential aged care (MAU) approach to setting and Program Evaluation choice. facilities. The evaluation health service priorities within the Master of Kesselheim, A.S. and methodology employed using PBMA. This approach Public Health. His current Studdert, D. 2007. Role of the RE-AIM framework to includes identifying the research focuses on the professional organisations in identify various dimensions attributes of the MAU following areas: regulating physician expert of program quality and function; describing and − exploring ways to move witness testimony. JAMA public health impact. The scaling attributes; quantifying from a single disease - Journal of the American evaluation found that trade-offs between and curative care model Medical Association. 298 Well for Life has achieved attributes; and combining to a patient-centred (24): 2907-2909 positive results in workforce single conditional utility multiple-disease focused development, health functions into the MAU care strategies with The physician’s role as promotion capacity-building function. We illustrate the preventive care; expert witness in legal and linkages between MAU approach using a developing incentive proceedings can be aged care services and the − PBMA case study in mental systems that reduce the controversial, especially broader primary care sector. health services from the need for care of patients in medical malpractice Planned Activity Groups Community Health Sector in while also increasing litigation in which physicians are a promising setting for metropolitan South Australia. the demand for better opine on the quality of care health promotion for frail health awareness and rendered by their colleagues. older people. Residential Staff prevention; and Apprehension about high- care settings are a more The Centre comprises cost malpractice claims in challenging environment as 30 full time and part time − deploying ways to recent years has focused there are greater barriers staff, (27 academics, three achieve and maintain attention on the potential to change in staff practices professional staff). The both hospital efficency for physician experts to and greater frailty among Centre also has five honorary (for educing costs) and effectiveness (for safety fuel inappropriate litigation residents. Further evaluation staff members. through testimony that is not is required to inform and quality of care). Five new staff joined the well grounded in prevailing decision-making about the • Dr Bridget Bassilios. Centre in 2007: clinical standards or science. focus of investment in health Dr Bassilios is currently Mckenzie, R., Naccarella, promotion for frail older • Professor David involved in the national L. and Thompson, C. 2007. people in the longer term. Studdert, Federation evaluation of the Better Fellow (please refer to Well for Life: Evaluation Peacock, S., Richardson, Outcomes in Mental Health Head of Centre report for and policy implications of a J., Carter, R. and Edwards, Care program headed by further details). health promotion initiative D. 2007. Priority setting Jane Pirkis. for frail older people in aged in health care using multi- • Associate Professor • Ms Justine Fletcher. Ms care settings. Australasian attribute utility theory and Bridget Hse-Hage. Fletcher is also currently Journal on Ageing. 26 (3): program budgeting and Associate Professor Hse- involved in the national 135-140 marginal analysis (PBMA). Hage is a population evaluation of the Better This paper discusses Social Science and Medicine. health researcher with a Outcomes in Mental the findings and policy 64: 897-910 background in statistics Health Care program implications of an evaluation Program budgeting and and epidemiology. and the evaluation of the of Well for Life, a health marginal analysis (PBMA) is • Dr Arthur (Ya-Seng) new Medicare Benefits promotion initiative that becoming an increasingly Hseuh. Dr Hsueh is Schedule psychologist focuses on good nutrition popular tool in setting coordinating the teaching item numbers. and physical activity health service priorities. of Health Economics and Please refer to the School for frail older people in This paper presents a Economic Evaluation, as Report for a full list of staff. 76 CHPPE Major Grants awarded in 2007 Grantor Investigators Scheme Project Title Period Amount The Victorian Margaret Kelaher, Yin Evaluation of Building 2007-2011 $260,000 Health Promotion Paradies, Anne Pederson Bridges Phase 11 Foundation (Murdoch University), (Evaluating Practice to Deborah Warr, Ian Reduce Discrimination Anderson, John Wiseman. Affecting CALD communities) Commonwealth Philip Burgess (University Carer outcome measurement $105,450 Department of of Queensland), Jane in mental health services (UM Health and Ageing Pirkis, Tim Coombs (New component South Wales Institute of only) Psychiatry), Judy Hardy, Andrew Dare

Queensland Health Jane Pirkis, Jo Robinson Evaluation of the 2007-2008 $99,980 (Orygen Research Centre), Queensland Government Michelle Williamson, Suicide Prevention Strategy Philip Burgess (University of Queensland), Meredith Harris (University of Queensland), Cathrine Mihalopoulos (Deakin University)

National Institute David Studdert and Compliance with 2007-2008 $US49,271 of Health (Via Dana Steven Joffe (Dana-Faber adverse event reporting Farber Cancer Cancer Institute) requirements in cancer Institute) clinical trials

The Robert David Studdert and Designing a reliable system 2007 $US46,702 Wood Johnson Michelle Mello (Harvard of medical justice. Foundation, School of Public Health)

Australian Rotary Jane Pirkis, Philip Mental An evaluation of the new 2007 $47,375 Health Research Burgess (University of Illness Medicare Benefits Schedule 2008 $58,625 Fund Queensland), Harvey Research psychologist item numbers: Whiteford (University Grant Impacts for psychologists of Queensland), Grant and their patients. Blashki (Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne), Lyn Littlefield (Australian Psychological Society)

beyondblue Jane Pirkis, Andrew Dare, Monitoring Media Reporting 2007-2008 $33,200 Warwick Blood (University of Depression of Canberra)

77

Melbourne School of Population Health CIMH Centre for International Mental health

WHO Collaborating Centre Annual Report 2007

Director of the Centre for Overview overdue. Further positive International Mental Health, change in this area of policy 2007 saw increased Associate Professor is expected in 2008 following emphasis given to mental Harry Minas. the election of the Rudd health and the need for government. mental health service development locally and on CIMH mental health system a global scale. In September development projects 2007 The Lancet published a in Aceh and Sri Lanka series of six papers on global (supported by World Vision mental health. This was Australia) made substantial launched, together with the progress in the development launch of the International of community-based mental Journal of Mental Health health service capacity Systems, by CIMH and during 2007. The Centre for International Mental Health (CIMH) is the Nossal Institute for Towards the end of 2007 dedicated to research, teaching and policy reform in Global Health in Melbourne substantial agreement the field of mental health, in Australia and the broader in October. The Lancet had been reached for international community. CIMH works to support – Global Mental Health Group major stakeholders on the (Associate Professor Minas establishment of a national through research, education and knowledge transfer is one of three Australian taskforce on mental health activities – the development of mental health systems members of the Group) is system development in that are responsive to the needs of Australia’s working – with the active Indonesia and in Vietnam. support of The Lancet – on CIMH is technical advisor culturally diverse population and the development of the creation of a more active to both of these emerging effective mental health systems development in and effective movement for programs of activity. low-income and post-conflict societies. global mental health. CIMH Director, Associate Learning and Professor Minas, was teaching appointed to the WHO CIMH contributed to International Panel of Experts the field of transcultural on Mental Health and mental health in learning Substance Abuse. and teaching through Associate Professor Minas is provision of education and a member of the Immigration training programs. The Minister’s Immigration annually offered Selective Detention Advisory Group in Transcultural Psychiatry and is Chair of the Detention (as part of the Master of Health Advisory Group. With Psychiatry (Melb) and significant contributions from Master of Psychological these two advisory groups Medicine (Monash) program) there were major changes continued in 2007 to in Australian immigration attract large numbers of detention policy and psychiatric registrars. CIMH practice. These changes also contributed to the are both welcome and long wide range of professional 79 development courses offered in the context of the changes for some of the participants organisational processes in by the Victorian Transcultural that are occurring as part as an opportunity to tell mental health services and Psychiatry Unit, with which of the introduction of the their story. pathways through care in CIMH collaborates closely. Melbourne Model. Master of Mental Health order to understand how such factors interact in Tania Miletic, with colleagues Graduate Research Sciences (Transcultural service delivery under the from the former International Students Psychiatry) (completed in Conflict Resolution Centre, weight of client cultural and PhD 2007) developed, with the social diversity, therefore Ku Tan, Culture and stigma assistance of the Biomedical Angela Donohue, The providing insight into the of mental illness. quality of care and factors Multimedia Unit, a DVD- effects of individual, family related to this. based training program on and community level Research conflict analysis. mediators on adolescent International Mental adjustment as a result of The CIMH research program The Australian Mental Health Health Development war-related experiences in is focused on applied and Leadership Program and Research Croatia and Australia. theoretical research on the International Mental issues of population mental The problems in mental Health Leadership Program Catherine Lazaroo, Making health and relevant health health care in resource- continues to be refined and re- meanings; East Timorese systems. It is divided into two limited countries are wide- developed. AusMHLP attracts asylum seekers, narrative, streams, the first focused on ranging and often severe, students from across Australia and mental health. mental health of immigrant including inadequate and iMHLP from throughout Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin, and refugee communities infrastructure and workforce, Asia and the Pacific. Multicultural councelling and in Australia and the second inadequate policy and “Having the opportunity competencies in Malaysia. focused on populations political attention to mental to learn from leaders in Dzenana Kartal, Post- in resource-constrained health issues, and poor mental health policy and traumatic stress in countries (particularly, but availability or coordination other broader realms population of Bosnian not exclusively, in the Asia- of systems of care. The beyond clinical practice refugees in Australia, Austria Pacific region). CIMH sees value in the through ausMHLP has and Bosnia. Transcultural Mental development of research and research capability/capacity been invaluable. I have also Helen Evert, War Health Research in such countries as a means enjoyed the interaction experiences and the The main focus of this work for promoting reform and with colleagues from emotional health and well- to date has been on longer- developing appropriate different states and mental being of Polish elderly resident communities in mental health systems. In health systems.” migrants. Australia as the refugee Sri Lanka, projects focusing – Dr Simon Jones, Highlight: Helen Evert and recent arrival research on the mental health and Principal Psychiatry submitted her PhD thesis in has received substantially well-being of school-aged Registrar, Department of 2007. Helen has interviewed more attention. In view children affected by the Neuropsychiatry, Royal 72 Polish elderly people of the population trends tsunami and examining Melbourne Hospital, living across Melbourne in ageing within the large issues of suicide risk, Victoria about their experiences population of culturally and particularly among women, Master of International during the Second World linguistically diverse groups are continuing. In Aceh, Mental Health War. The study aimed to in Australia and the increased Indonesia, a particular focus assess the emotional health somatic morbidity related This postgraduate degree of research that has emerged and well-being of people to increased age, CIMH has program is a response to the is examination of the practice who experienced a range more recently been engaged global need for strengthened of restraint and confinement of traumatic events. Each in examining the relationship of mentally ill people in the capacity in mental health person has generously between mental and physical community. policy, service development given a detailed account disorders, taking the case and health systems research. Community activities of their lives in pre-war of diabetes and depression MIMH is a one-year full- Poland, what happened to as its central point for this In its role as a WHO time or two-years part-time them during the war and work. A second direction has Collaborating Centre, postgraduate degree open the events leading up to been to examine the health CIMH continues to be an to medical and other mental their migration to Australia. services providing mental active contributor to WHO health professionals. The A quantitative interview health care (including public programs in Asia, in close program is taught in mixed schedule was developed mental health services, collaboration with Regional delivery mode, with intensive in Polish to measure general practice and primary Offices in Manila and New teaching at The University depression, anxiety and care settings and private Delhi and with WHO country of Melbourne, regional PTSD, as well as collect practicing psychology offices in Indonesia, Sri workshops, online seminars socio-demographic and and psychiatry services). Lanka and Vietnam. and project supervision. It other health related CIMH has developed and As part of the emerging is intended that in 2008 this information. A narrative applied new methodologies movement for global mental program will be re-structured interview was also included for examining internal health that has been initiated 80 CIMH: International Mental Health System Development Program

Education and Knowledge Transfer MH System training and Exchange Development Building workforce Development Projects This is the goal of all the capacity (in Australia other activities. and AsiaPacific) e.g. Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Our most active mental Vietnam health system development International Journal of programs are currently in Mental Health Systems Indonesia, Vietnam and Sri Lanka Mental Health Annual Mental Health Systems Systems Development We aim to scale up Conference existing projects and Research enhance our capacity to Leadership training Evidence for policy expand the program in and practice other countries

Giving voice to research from developing countries An open-access, online journal highlighting the urgent need for mental health services in developing countries is generating strong global interest since its launch earlier this year by the Centre for International Mental Health (CIMH). funding to enable us to pay the article efforts of the recent Lancet Series to The CIMH’s Director, Associate processing charges for researchers promote scaling up of mental health Professor Harry Minas, is Editor-in- from low and middle-income services in low and middle-income Chief of the International Journal of countries. countries. Mental Health Systems, which has “We want to get as much high quality Associate Professor Minas was one an editorial board of eminent experts research and comment from those of three Australians invited to join drawn from 28 countries. countries as possible.” The Lancet Global Mental Health Associate Professor Minas says Associate Professor Minas has been Group, and, with the Nossal Institute individual papers had been downloaded for Global Health, the CIMH later co- more than 3000 times since the having discussions with major NGOs about funding for the journal, and hosted the Australian launch of The website’s launch in the second half Lancet Series in October 2007. of 2007. “Given that we’ve done very he hopes that organisations such In a significant recognition of little promotion of the Journal, it’s really as AusAID would also contribute encouraging and demonstrates that to article processing charges. “It’s CIMH’s standing, the Centre has the there’s interest in this field.” an extension of what they already prospect of being appointed by the do – it’s the last part of the process,” government health authorities of both Visitors to the website, www.ijmhs. he says. “It would be a very small Indonesia and Vietnam as technical com, can access all the content for investment for a very big return, but advisor in the development of their free because the authors pay an respective mental health systems, as article processing charge to BioMed without that small investment we the result of negotiations during 2007. Central, the open access publisher. can’t realise the Journal’s potential.” However, Associate Professor Minas Another highlight of 2007 for CIMH Indonesia’s Ministry of Health will says these costs could be a barrier to was a separate new website venture, lead a national taskforce, with publishing for some researchers. this time by The Lancet Group’s CIMH as the international technical advisor for the development of the “One of the key reasons for setting Movement for Global Mental Health, Indonesian mental health system. up the journal was to have an avenue that has also enlisted Associate for publication for people from low Professor Minas’s support. Working At a workshop convened by WHO in and middle income countries,” he jointly with Professor Oye Gureje, Hanoi in December, Vietnam agreed says. “They are still prevented from of Nigeria, he is responsible for the to set up a similar taskforce. doing that because of the cost of Capacity Building section of the • The International Journal of Mental publishing, so the next task is to get new website, which continues the Health Systems is at www.ijmhs.com 81 by The Lancet series on issues and research in the aspects of mental health Depression in multicultural global mental health, it is area of international and system development. As Australia: Policies, research expected that CIMH will transcultural mental health mental health is increasingly and services. Australia and play a particularly active role and related fields, with a recognised as a priority New Zealand Health Policy. in advocacy and capacity special theme for 2007 public health issue, and 4 (16): 11. (BMC highly building components of this focusing on international important developments are accessed) new program. mental health systems occurring in mental health Colucci E. 2007. Through the Immigration development. Seminars were systems development in a Ethnocultural Aspects of Detention Advisory Group well attended by a diverse number of world regions, this Suicide in Young People: and the Detention Health range of staff and students initiative provides the first A Systematic Literature Advisory Group, CIMH has across faculties and from single journal to which those Review Part 1: Rates consistently pointed to the a vibrant cross-section of who are engaged can turn and Methods of Youth lack of relevant research private and public sector for relevant research, debate Suicide. Suicide and Life- organisations and community for Immigration Department and education in this growing Threatening Behavior. 37 groups. policies and practices. In field. (2): pp. 197-221. 2007, the Department agreed Key Achievement Publication Colucci E. 2007. to establish a detention • Launch of the new journal Ethnocultural Aspects of research program, which is highlights International Journal of Suicide in Young People: expected to commence in For details of all 2007 Mental Health Systems. A Systematic Literature 2008. CIMH publications please Review Part 2: Risk Factors, The CIMH Director refer to the full school International mental has established a new, Precipitating Agents, health seminars 2007 Publications Report, and Attitudes Toward independent, peer-reviewed, beginning on page 93. CIMH holds seminars open access journal, Suicide. Suicide and Life- on a regular basis with published by BioMed Bhugra D & Minas I.H. Threatening Behavior. 37 distinguished guest speakers Central. The Journal has a 2007. Mental health and (2): pp. 222-237. from Australia and abroad. distinguished international global movement of people. Minas H & Cohen A. 2007. These seminars help to Editorial Board. The The Lancet. 370 (9593): Why focus on mental health keep staff, students and International Journal of 1109-1111. systems. International the interested public Mental Health Systems Minas H, Klimidis S Journal of Mental Health informed about current will publish papers on all & Kokanovic R. 2007. Systems. 1 (1): 1-4. 82 Melbourne School of Population Health SHU Sexual Health Unit

Annual Report 2007

Overview include the general public, control because partners health professionals, and of individuals with STIs are The Melbourne Sexual research and education. most likely to also have STIs Health Centre (MSHC) has There are also interactive and continue transmitting provided high quality care online services for the their infection because to 16,877 individual clients so few have symptoms. who registered in 2007 with a general public to check their Consistent with MSHC’s total of 27,457 consultations. risk of exposure to an STI (http://www.checkyourrisk. aim of supporting GPs, One of its key roles is to org.au) and for HIV positive an online service called promote sexual health and people to find out what tests GP-Assist (http://www. disseminate information are needed and also what mshc.org.au/GPassist) was and education materials issues should be on the developed and tested. It to the general public and agenda for the next visit to provides a mechanism to health care providers (e.g. the doctor or clinic (http:// improve partner notification Director of the Sexual General Practitioners) in www.healthmap.org.au). through providing the http:// Health Unit, Professor diagnosing and treating www.mshc.org.au/GPassist Health Map asks questions Christopher Fairley. STIs. MSHC provides wide- web address on laboratory about health and provides reaching support to GPs reports of positive results of a personal report, based on The University of through various means such common STIs. Accessible Melbourne’s Sexual as extensive web page and expert advice. This report information about treatment Health Unit (SHU) 1800 009 903 telephone directs users to chosen of the more common number directly to a sexual websites for particular needs, is situated at the STIs, and simple tools health physician. and provides some facts and such as partner letters Melbourne Sexual Health A new website was launched a “to do” list for medical care. and fact sheets for GPs to Centre, which is also a for MSHC (http://www.mshc. Improving partner notification use in discussing partner division of the Bayside org.au), which is comprised is one of the most effective notification are also available Health Network. The of three major sections that means of improving STI at this site. vision of the MSHC Services and Consultations The numbers of consultations by type of service onsite are shown in the table below. A further is to be a leader in 505 outreach consultations were carried out offsite at various venues for men-who-have-sex- the management and with-men (MSM) and street sex workers (SSW). prevention of Sexually Clinic Type Total Male Female Transgender Transmitted Infections (STIs) and its mission General Clinic 23,744 13,446 10,265 33 is to maximize sexual HIV Clinic 1557 1390 165 2 health through innovation Outreach 407 357 49 1 and excellence in public Counselling 932 700 231 1 health, education, clinical Vaccination 817 565 252 - care and research. Total 27,457 16,458 10,962 37 Individuals 16,877 9962 6891 24

83 Teaching and Diagnoses Melbourne School of Population Health are aimed The numbers of the most frequently made diagnoses in learning at enhancing the services consultations are shown in the table below. In collaboration with the and promotion of sexual Melbourne School of Diagnoses Total health offered at MSHC. Population Health, the Postgraduate Courses Centre offers a number Chlamydia trachomatis 721 of postgraduate courses, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 205 Completed: postgraduate subjects Nongonococcal urethritis 781 HIV/AIDS prevention and and short courses in management. Moshin Sidat, sexual health. These have Herpes simplex virus 786 PhD. been well attended and Syphilis 117 Using computers to improve will provide the Victorian Bacterial vaginosis 518 sexual history. Robin community with a highly Tideman, PhD. trained workforce that Warts 1611 In progress: improves the quality of Human immunodeficiency virus (new cases) 42* sexual health services A look at two opposing outside the Centre. HIV post exposure prophylaxis 190 STI trends in Australia: Increasing HIV and Master of Public Health Post coital intervention 83 decreasing Trichomonas Trichomoniasis in women 10 (MPH) vaginalis. John Marrone, Many students undertaking * includes 2 females DPH (submitted). the MPH select sexual Quality assurance project of health subjects as part of • Semester 1 – Sexually different aspects relating to the diagnostic accuracy of their master’s degree. These Transmissible Infections STIs and clinical attachments pelvic inflammatory disease. subjects have become 505-432/532. at MSHC are also offered. Asiye Doxanakis, MPH. increasingly popular and, as • Semester 1 – Clinical Undergraduate Teaching An investigation of a result of this, from 2008 Sexual and Reproductive • Semester 5 – public health interventions aimed at there will be a formal Sexual Health for nurses 505- Health Stream within the control of STIs. enhancing sexual satisfaction 434/534. This subject is in women , Masters of Public Health. • Semesters 6 and 7 – . Richard Hayes also accredited by Royal PhD. This will enable students to College of Nursing as Advanced Medical Science Chlamydia incidence and pursue research projects in a pap smear provider (AMS) – clinical research re-infection rates: a Sexual Health as part of their course. projects. longitudinal study of young MPH program. • Semester 1 – Adolescent • Semester 8 – clinical Australian women. Jennifer Post Graduate Sexuality and Sexual aspects of STIs. Walker, PhD. Certificate of Public Health 571-821. • Clinical attachments to The screening and control Health (Sexual Health) This subject is run Melbourne Sexual Health collaboratively with the of Chlamydia. Jade Bilardi, This course continues Centre. Centre for Adolescent PhD. to attract students from Research a variety of professional Health, Departmentt of Advanced Medical backgrounds. The PG Paediatrics, University of The Centre has continued to Students Certificate has become a Melbourne. maintain strong research and Completed: • Semester 2 – Sexual & education activities through valued qualification for both More than just anal sex: the nurses and doctors wanting Reproductive Health – the Melbourne School of 505-433/533. potential for STI transmission to specialise in sexual Population Health at The among men visiting sex health. • Semester 2 – Sexual University of Melbourne. on premises venues in • Semester 1 – Control of Function and Dysfunction - The research projects of Melbourne. Chee Wun Sexually Transmissible 505-441/541. higher degree candidates Phang, Advanced Medical Infections 505-431/531. Short course series on many enrolled through the Student (AMS). 84 In progress: • Fairley CK. Health Map notifications and hospital of Physicians (RACP) – The Clinical Features of – interactive, web based admission rates for Adult Medicine Scientific HIV patients in Melbourne program for PLWHA chlamydia-related Program Committee Sexual Health Centre to improve the chronic diseases in New South Congress. Melbourne, who Experienced Renal disease management of Wales, Victoria’ published May. Impairment Events: Case HIV. DHS HIV Community in the journal Sexually • HIV Diagnoses among Gay Series and Case-Control Grant 2006–2007, $27,297. Transmitted Infections Men and Other MSM – Study. Jeremia Siregar Key achievements (2005; 81: 318-322), was AFAO National Forum on (AMS). one of the top 15 most HIV. Sydney, August. • The Centre was the cited articles in 2006 Survey of female patients on winner in the Category of • Chlamydia Screen: but the use of chaperones with quoted in the Editorial Innovation in Information how? Mother and Child male practitioners. Charley published in 2007 for Technology, Victorian Health Research, La Trobe Simanjuntak (AMS). Journal Impact Factors for Health Awards 2007, 2006 (Sex Transm Infect, University, Melbourne, The perception of MSM for the online program 2007; 83: 346). November. about HPV and the aimed at GPs that was Publication GARDASIL vaccine. initiated to improve partner 2007 conferences Devamalar Simatherai (AMS). notification by using and public highlights Investigation of pelvic the website GP-Assist presentations For a full list of publications, examinations on (http://www.mshc.org.au/ see the 2007 Publications asymptomatic women with GPassist). • Chlamydia screening: Report, page 93. What is new in BV and chlamydial infection among • Melbourne Sexual Health Experiences and what is new in NGU and Study: doctors at MSHC. Yi Man Centre was the recipient syphilis – Seeing the perceptions of patients with Lee (AMS). of the 2007 President’s epidemic is returning. 100% adherence to highly Award, Victorian Aids Research grants Adolescent Sexual Health active antiretroviral therapy Council (VAC), presented • Fairley CK, Bradshaw Day. Melbourne Division (HAART) – a qualitative study. at the discretion of the C, Pirotta M, Garland SM, of General Practice. Sidat M, Grierson J, Fairley President of VAC to Hocking J. Treatment Melbourne, March. CK. AIDS Patient Care and of bacterial vaginosis: a an individual, group or STDs 2007; 21(7): 509-520 • An Update on Sexually randomised controlled organisation that has Transmitted Infections. The aim of this study trial. NHMRC (Project demonstrated visionary RWH – The Annual was to understand from Grant # 454644) 2007- leadership in improving Women’s Health Update patients’ perspectives 2009, $255,425. the quality of life for HIV- and experiences what positive people. Often the and Education Day. • Tabrizi S, Fairley CK, resulted in them having recipient will have served University of Melbourne, Donovan B. Project Grant. 100% adherence to over a long period and March. Surveillance of LGV HAART. In-depth interviews contributed to high level • HIV prevention and male Chlamydia trachomatis were conducted with 10 improvements in services circumcision. Oxfam types among men who participants (seven men and for HIV positive people and Australia. Melbourne, have sex with men (MSM). three women). March. NHMRC (Project Grant to an increased awareness of HIV issues. The study found that 100% # 454620) 2007-2009, • Differences in HIV adherence was associated rates between Victoria $203,000. • Catriona Bradshaw was with: • Fairley CK. Management the recipient of one of and Sydney. Network four L’Oreal For Women Theory Working Group: • a readiness to go on of men-who-have-sex- HAART; with-men (MSM) with and in Science fellowships for Complexity and Network without HIV: Survey of $20,000. Epidemiology. University of • HAART being viewed as a medical practitioners who • The article by Chen MY, Melbourne, March. life-line and related with a are members of ASHM. Fairley CK and Donovan • Sexual health, Palliative willingness to live longer (GSK Australia Pty Ltd) B, ‘Discordance between & HRT. The Royal and healthier; 2006-2007, $19,546. trends in chlamydia Australasian College • an ongoing patient- 85 physician relationship; one third of male and female thought a chaperone was sexual difficulties attending • better coping and/or lack patients indicated they important for medico- Melbourne Sexual Health of perceived side effects; would feel uncomfortable legal purposes when Centre. There were 93 female and having a chaperone present examining females (72% v sex workers and 178 non- regardless of whether the 53%, P=0.05). In addition, sex worker female clients • improvement in clinical practitioner was male or significantly more female who consented to participate condition as well as in CD4 female. practitioners compared to in the self-administered T-cell count and viral load. Study: Australian sexual male practitioners thought a questionnaire about All of these aspects health practitioners’ use chaperone was sometimes demographic characteristics, reinforced the patients’ of chaperones for genital important for reasons of sexual behaviour, prevalence motivation to continue 100% examinations: a survey support when examining of sexual difficulties with their adherence. of attitudes and practice. male patients (52% v 26%, P non-work related partners, Study: The differing views Newton DC, Fairley CK, < 0.001). However, only 39% distress regarding their of male and female patients Teague R, Donovan B, of male practitioners and sex life, physical pleasure, toward chaperones for Bowden FJ, Bilardi J, Pitts 36% of female practitioners emotional satisfaction with genital examinations in M, Chen MY. Sexual Health felt resources spent on sex and overall satisfaction a sexual health setting. 2007; 4(2): 95-97. chaperones were justified by with their life. the benefits they provided. Teague R, Newton D, The current practice and Comparing sex workers Fairley CK, Hocking J, attitudes of Australian sexual Despite only a minority to non-sex workers, Pitts M, Bradshaw C, Chen health practitioners towards of practitioners offering 34% v 42% respectively M. Sexually Transmitted the use of chaperones for chaperones to patients experienced painful sex, Diseases, 2007; 34(12): genital examinations was during examinations, many anorgasmia was recorded 1004-1007. examined by use of an feel they are important for in 43% v 40%; vaginal An anonymous questionnaire anonymous questionnaire. medico-legal reasons and dryness in 45% v 36%; was administered to patients Of 166 questionnaires support for the patient. The and performance anxiety attending Melbourne Sexual posted out to members of authors concluded that best in 28% v 37%. Physical Health Centre to determine the Australian Chapter of practice may be to offer pleasure and emotional the attitudes of male and Sexual Health Medicine, 110 chaperone services routinely satisfaction with sex and female clients to the use of completed the questionnaire and record when the offer is overall life satisfaction was chaperones during genital (66%). declined. similar in both groups. Sex examination within a sexually Of these, only 9% and Study: Prevalence of sexual workers were more likely to transmitted infection clinic. 19% offered chaperone difficulties among female sex experience sexual disinterest Only 7% of male patients services routinely for all workers and clients attending (odds ration 1.9; 95% CI 1.1 expressed the need for a male and female genital a sexual health service. to 3.2), and were less likely chaperone when examined examinations, respectively. Thiloma Munasinghe, to report being distressed by a male practitioner and Among practitioners who Richard D Hayes, Jane about their sex life (p = 6% if examined by a female did not offer chaperone Hocking, Jocelyn Verry, 0.04). The prevalence of practitioner. services routinely, chaperone Christopher K Fairley. sexual difficulties, other than Among female patients, services were offered with International Journal of STD & desire was similar to non- 27% felt the need to a mean frequency of 19% AIDS 2007; 18: 1-4. sex workers. These findings have a chaperone when for female examinations and The objective of the study may be relevant only to sex being examined by a male 8% for male examinations was to determine by workers operating in a highly practitioner, compared to 6% (P=0.01). Significantly more anonymous survey the regulated sex industry. when being examined by a male practitioners compared proportion of sex workers Study: A randomised female practitioner. Around to female practitioners and non-sex workers with controlled trial comparing 86 Needle exchange, education, were key to HIV campaign

Twenty years after the ”Grim Reaper” clinicians recognise symptoms TV advertisements bowled fear earlier. For example, syphilis of HIV into our living rooms, wasn’t around for 20 years Australia’s rates of HIV infection so many clinicians and are still, in international terms, patients have never seen it comparatively low. so they are persisting with But the Director of the Sexual symptoms longer than they Health Unit (SHU), Professor need and passing it around Christopher Fairley, says that the in the interim period before controversial 1987 campaign was not diagnosis,” he says. “We are responsible for keeping HIV (Human focusing on better education, Immunodeficiency Virus) from so we reduce the period of becoming an epidemic in Australia. time between when someone gets symptoms and then gets Professor Fairley credits the treatment. Our website has introduction of needle exchange Health Centre, being so quite graphic pictures of what programs, the availability of universal strongly associated with an academic syphilis can look like. healthcare in Australia and the early university. The MSHC is funded by involvement in education programs by “We are also trying to get more Department of Human Services gay community-based organisations regular testing for syphilis. Men who through Bayside Health and it is very as major factors that successfully have sex with men and who have well integrated into the Melbourne “muted” a potential epidemic here. HIV are particularly badly affected by School of Population Health (MSPH),” syphilis so we recommend they get The SHU, which opened in 2001, has he says. tested on a monthly basis.” built on the knowledge gained from “A high level, sophisticated, that era. Located at the Melbourne For gonorrhoea, the MSHC is also pragmatic practise of clinical Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), the emphasising the need for more medicine results from that union.” SHU has created a highly responsive frequent testing, because the STI is model in which the Unit’s research “At the MSHC, our main focus often asymptomatic. priorities address the sexual health for heterosexuals is chlamydia The Centre’s work on HIV is two- challenges facing the community, as screening,” he says. “We have a fold: to encourage the practise of they emerge through the treatment of number of large research grants protected sex and to encourage patients at the Centre. aimed at trying to determine the most more frequent testing to assist early In 2007 alone, the MSHC provided optimal way to get young women diagnosis and to prevent its spread. under 25 tested for chlamydia. about 30,000 client consultations. “All of this work is only possible “Our ability to make this contribution by “For men who have sex with men, due to the substantial contribution bringing prevention into the provision of our focus is on how to improve their of a number of people,” Professor healthcare is about accessing people access to healthcare. Many STIs are Fairley says, “particularly Dr Marcus at the point of healthcare,” he says. “So asymptomatic and you will improve Chen, Research Fellow at MSPH, whether it’s treatment or screening, our the detection of STIs if you have Dr Jane Hocking, of the Key Centre effectiveness is greatly facilitated by frequent screening, followed by for Women’s Health in Society, and the synergy that results from a clinical termination of the STIs. Dr Catriona Bradshaw, an honorary service, that is, the Melbourne Sexual “Then there is our work to ensure that member of the MSPH.” 87 computer-assisted with face- resulting management and completing CASI also considerably higher numbers to-face sexual history taking treatment. This randomised underwent FTFI and the of male partners using in a clinical setting. Tideman study evaluated computer- clinicians were not aware CASI. The results of this RL, Chen MY, Pitts MK, assisted self-interviews that these patients had study indicated that CASI Ginige S, Slaney M, Fairley (CASI) compared to face- undergone CASI. can be reliable, efficient CK. Sexually Transmitted to-face interviews (FTFI) The majority of participants and a highly acceptable Infections 2007; 83: 52-56. using identical predefined (95%) found CASI easy method for screening Sexual health history taking questions for eliciting sexual to use and 86% were of sexual risk in a clinic is an important routine history. FTFI was the pre- comfortable using CASI. setting. CASI could be used component of any sexual existing routine method There were no differences routinely before a clinical health consultation. The for taking sexual history at in reported risk behaviours consultation, saving time accuracy is important as it Melbourne Sexual Health between CASI and FTFI and thus improving clinical has direct implications on the Centre. All participants except women reported efficiency of services. 88 Melbourne School of Population Health VIRGo Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group

Annual Report 2007

Research our work this year, with a continued primary focus on Vaccine clinical trials pandemic influenza. Ongoing 1: Phase II clinical trials of NHMRC funding allowed a pandemic influenza us to utilise the rich data (H5N1) candidate vaccine resources represented in the in adults and children. historical influenza database These two studies established in 2006 (see extend the previously http://www.influenza.sph. conducted Phase I study unimelb.edu.au). In particular, by evaluating safety and we used models to explore immunogenicity (immune possible causes underlying response) with higher the far higher attack rates antigen doses (30mg often observed in isolated Group Leader, and 45mg) of adjuvanted populations compared with Professor Terry Nolan. vaccine in 400 adults those in more populous aged 18-64 years and countries and considered the The Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group 150 children aged implications of these findings operates as a research collaboration with the between 6 months and 8 for pandemic preparedness. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute with our staff years. Other NHMRC funded work 2: Two Phase III clinical included development of a based in the Melbourne School of Population Health. trials of combined novel model structure within Research focuses on clinical trials of new vaccines, Hib meningococcal which to consider optimal mathematical modelling of vaccine-preventable serogroup CY and use of a limited stockpile serogroup C conjugate of antiviral drugs during diseases (VPDs), the epidemiology of vaccine- vaccines in approximately an influenza pandemic. preventable viral diseases, and the evaluation of 1300 infants. The We further collaborated immunisation programs. VIRGo contributes to the purpose of these studies in the development of a NHMRC National Capacity Building Program in is to provide data on spatial model of influenza the immunogenicity transmission to examine Mathematical Modelling in Infectious Diseases, and and safety of a primary the effectiveness of social works closely with the NHMRC Centre for Clinical vaccination and boosters distancing measures, Research Excellence in Immunisation (MCRI, with these new vaccines, including school closure. and to examine longer- Insights arising from these University of Melbourne and Menzies consortium). term protection. various approaches are being used by the Australian Mathematical modelling Government and other policy Mathematical models of makers and planners. infectious disease can be used both to improve Epidemiologic research understanding of past In collaboration with the outbreaks and to predict University of Queensland, we the likely ability of public have continued to develop health interventions to a program of research control future threats. This focussed on working out the dual focus was apparent in frequency of common and

89 newly discovered respiratory viruses in community-based samples, with potential for new virus discovery. Planning is progressing for studies involving healthy adult populations and longitudinal cohorts of families with young children to extend earlier work. We are also conducting studies of social contact patterns underlying the spread of infection within and between households to aid interpretation of epidemiological data. Evaluation of immunisation and screening programs This program of research includes continuing studies to evaluate the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia infection; evaluation of the prevention by conjugate Supporting research: Victorian Government Planning Minister Justin Madden volunteers as a pneumococcal vaccine participant in a VIRGo influenza vaccine research study. of severe pneumonia in Australian Aboriginal children Kelly H.A., Nolan T.M., N., Carlin J.B., Nolan T.M., Skull S.A., Andrews R.M., in the Northern Territory; and Brown G.V., Campbell Carapetis J.R. The burden of Byrnes G.B., Nolan T.M., studies of the effectiveness of D.A. Pneumococcal acute sore throat and group Brown G.V., Kelly H.A. polysaccharide pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine may A streptococcal pharyngitis Validity of self-reported vaccine and inactivated not prevent hospitalisation in school-aged children and influenza and pneumococcal influenza vaccine in preventing with pneumonia in the their families in Australia. vaccination status in hospital admissions due elderly. (letter of substantive Pediatrics 2007;120(5):950-7. elderly inpatients. Vaccine to community-acquired content), Clinical Infectious pneumonia. Skull S.A., Andrews R.M., 2007;43:576-81. Diseases 2007;44:617. Byrnes G.B., Kelly H.A., O’Grady K-A., Kelpie L., Publication Nolan T.M., Lambert S., Nolan T.M., Brown G.V., Andrews R., Curtis N., highlights Roberton D., Marshall H., Campbell D.A. Prevention Nolan T.M., Selvaraj G., For details of all 2007 Richmond P., Streeton C. of community-acquired Passmore J., Oppedisano VIRGo publications please DTPa-HBV-IPV vaccine pneumonia among a cohort F., Carnie J., Carapetis J. refer to the full school for primary vaccination of of hospitalised elderly: The epidemiology of invasive 2007 Publications Report, infants, J Paeds Child Health benefit due to influenza and Group A streptococcal beginning on page 93. 2007;43:587-92. pneumococcal vaccination disease in Victoria, Australia. Skull S.A., Andrews Danchin M.H., Rogers S., not demonstrated. Vaccine Medical Journal of Australia R.M., Byrnes G.B., Kelpie L., Selvaraj G., Curtis 2007;25:4631-40. 2007;186:565-9. 90 Skull S.A., Andrews R.M., immunisation register for in Influenza Pandemic emerging antiviral drug Byrnes G.B., Campbell D.A., further improvements in Preparedness Planning. resistance on influenza Nolan T.M., Brown G.V., vaccine delivery and program Influenza and Other containment and spread. Kelly H.A. ICD-10 codes are evaluation. Medical Journal Respiratory Viruses 2007; Gerry Murphy Prize a valid tool for identification of Australia 2007;187:504-5. 1:43-54. Presentation: Joint of pneumonia in hospitalised Nolan T.M., Lambert S., Mathews J.D, McCaw C.T., Australasian Faculty of Public patients > 65 years. Roberton D., Marshall McVernon J., McBryde Health Medicine/Australasian Epidemiology and Infection H., Richmond P., E.S., McCaw J.M. A Faculty of Occupational 2007:1-9. doi:10.1017/ Streeton C., Poolman biological model for influenza Medicine Conference. May S0950268807008564. J., Boutriau D. A novel transmission: pandemic 2007, Melbourne. Modelling Skull S.A., Andrews R.M., combined Haemophilus planning implications of preparedness strategies for Byrnes G.B., Kelly H.A., influenzae type b-Neisseria asymptomatic infection and pandemic influenza control. Nolan T.M., Brown G.V., meningitidis serogroups immunity. PLoS ONE 2007; Dr Jodie McVernon. C and Y-tetanus-toxoid 2(11):e1220. Campbell D.A. Missed 3rd Australian Influenza conjugate vaccine is opportunities to vaccinate a McCaw J.M., McVernon J. Symposium. 4-5 October immunogenic and induces cohort of hospitalised elderly Prophylaxis or treatment? 2007, John Curtin School of immune memory when with pneumococcal and Optimal use of an antiviral Medical Research, Canberra. influenza vaccines. Vaccine co-administered with stockpile during an influenza McCaw J, Wood JG, McCaw 2007;25:5146-54. DTPa-HBV-IPV and pandemic. Math Biosci. conjugate pneumococcal CT, McVernon J. Impact Giuliano A.R., Lazcano- 2007; 209(2):336-60. vaccine in infants. Vaccine of emerging antiviral drug Ponce E., Villa L., Nolan 2007;25:8487-99. http:// Major presentations resistance on influenza T., Marchant C., Radley containment and spread: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. Randomized, clinical trials of D., Golm G., McCarroll influence of subclinical vaccine.2007.10.013 safety and immunogenicity of K., Esser M.T., Scott C infection and strategic drug a prototype H5N1 influenza Vuocolo, S., Barr E. Impact Mathews J.D., McCaw C.T., use. of baseline covariates McVernon J., McBryde vaccine in healthy adults. on the immunogenicity E.S., McCaw J.M. A Professor Terry Nolan. 3rd Australian Influenza of a quadrivalent (Types biological model for influenza Presented at World Health Symposium. October 2007, 6/11/16/18) HPV virus-like- transmission: pandemic Organisation Pandemic John Curtin School of particle vaccine. Journal planning implications of Vaccines Review, Geneva, Medical Research, Canberra. of Infectious Diseases asymptomatic infection and Switzerland, February 2007. Milne GJ, Kelso JJ, Kelly HA, McVernon J. Quantifying the 2007:196:1153-62. immunity PLoS ONE. 2007 Summary of global effect of non-pharmaceutical Lambert S.B., Allen K.M., Nov 28;2(11):e1220. PMID: consensus on evidence interventions during an Druce J.D., Birch C.J., Mckay 18043733 [PubMed - in for interventions. Dr Jodie influenza pandemic. I.M., Sloots T.P., Nissen M.D., process] McVernon. Presented at the Carlin J.B., Carapetis J.R., Mathews J.D., Goergen S Office of Health Protection Mathews JD, Cheng A, and Nolan, T.M. Community Re: Radiation: facts, fallacies Pandemic Influenza Leach AJ. Models for multiple epidemiology of human and phobias. Australasian Modelling Workshop, carriage of pneumococci. metapneumovirus, human Radiol. 2007 Jun;51(3):300-1. October 2007, Canberra. WHO Pneumococcal Carriage coronavirus NL63, and other No abstract available. Poster Presentation: Workshop – Helsinki, Finland. respiratory viruses in children PMID: 17504325 [PubMed - Communicable Diseases June 2007. using parent-collected indexed for MEDLINE] Network of Australia Mathews JD. The Changing specimens. Pediatrics McVernon J., McCaw C., Conference. March 2007, Face of Kuru. Presentation to 2007;120(4):e929-e937. Mathews J. Model Answers Canberra. McVernon J, the “End of Kuru” symposium Skull S.A., Nolan T.M. or Trivial Pursuits? The Role Wood JG, McCaw CT, at the Royal Society, London Australia needs an expanded of Mathematical Models McCaw J. The impact of October 2007. 91

Melbourne School of Population Health Publications Report

2007

A2 – Edited Books Cotter P., Anderson I. & Ashgate, Aldershot, UK, pp. Fossey E., Grigg M., Minas I., Smith L.R. 2007, ‘Indigenous 17–40. Leggatt M., Macdonald E. & Anderson I., Baum F. & Bentley Australians: Ageing without Meadows G. 2007, ‘Treatment M. 2007, Beyond Bandaids: Warr D. 2007, ‘“The stigma that longevity’, in Borowski A., Encel and rehabilitation skills’, Exploring the Underlying Social goes with living here”: Social- S. & Ozanne E. (eds), Longevity Mental Health in Australia: Determinants of Aboriginal spatial vulnerability in poor and Social Change in Australia, Collaborative Community Health: Papers from the Social neighbourhoods’, in McLeod J. University of New South Wales Practice, Oxford University Determinants of Aboriginal & Allard A. (eds), Learning from Press, Sydney, pp. 65–98. Press, South Melbourne, Vic., Health Workshop, July 2004, the Margins: Young Women, pp. 363–382. Cooperative Research Centre for Hillier L., Mitchell A. & Mallett Social Exclusion and Education, Aboriginal Health, Darwin. S. 2007, ‘Duty of care: Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. Herrman H. & Whiteford H. Jarvinen M. & Room R. 2007, Researching with vulnerable 6–19. 2007, ‘Specialist mental health young people’, Researching the care’, in Bloch S. & Singh B. Youth Drinking Cultures: B2 - Book Chapters European Experiences, Ashgate, margins: Strategies for Ethical (eds), Foundations of Clinical Aldershot, UK. and Rigorous Research with Other Psychiatry, Melbourne University Marginalised Communities, Baer H. 2007, ‘Complementary Publishing, Melbourne, pp. A6 – Authored Books Palgrave Macmillan, UK, pp. and alternative medicine’, in 541–551. Other 114–129. Ritzer G. (ed.), The Blackwell Lamontagne A., Steenland N.K. Keys D. & Mayes C. 2007, Jarvinen M. & Room R. Encyclopedia of Sociology, & Kelsey K.T. 2007, ‘Ethylene Becoming a Mum: Just the Whole 2007, ‘Conclusion: Changing Blackwell Publishers, oxide’, in Rom W.N. & Markowitz World Changes, The University of drunken comportment or Massachusetts, US, pp. 629–633. S.B. (eds), Environmental Melbourne, Melbourne. reducing alcohol-related harm’, Bland R., Clarke M., Elsom S., and Occupational Medicine, in Jarvinen M. & Room R. Epstein M., Farhall J., Fielding J., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Kirkman M., Rosenthal D. & (eds), Youth Drinking Cultures: Philadelphia, US, pp. 1144– Johnson, L. 2007, Telling it Your Fossey E., Leggatt M., Liaw S., European Experiences, Ashgate, Meadows G., Minas I., Olsen A., 1157. Way. A Guide for Parents of Aldershot, UK, pp. 161–174. Donor-conceived Adolescents, Roper C., Rosen A. & Singh B. Langton M., Mazel O. & Infertility Treatment Authority, Jarvinen M. & Room R. 2007, 2007, ‘The active participants in Palmer L. 2007, ‘Case study Melbourne. ‘Youth drinking cultures: mental health services’, Mental XX: Agreements Treaties European experiences’, in Health in Australia: Collaborative and Negotiated Settlements B1 – Research Book Jarvinen M. & Room R. (eds), Community Practice, Oxford database’, in Dyson L.E., Chapters Youth Drinking Cultures: University Press, South Hendriks M. & Grant S. (eds), European Experiences, Ashgate, Melbourne, Vic., pp. 190–226. Information Technology and Anderson I. 2007, ‘Health policy Aldershot, UK, pp.1–16. Indigenous People, Information for a crisis or a crisis in policy?’, Brasher K. 2007, ‘Finding her Maharaj N. 2007, ‘Maternity and child without breath’, in Bergum Science Publishing, Hershey, in Altman J. & Hinkson M. US, pp. 66–270. (eds), Coercive Reconciliation: identity among ethnically Indian V. & Van Der Zalm J. (eds), Stabilise, Normalise, Exit immigrant women in Melbourne, Motherlife: Studies of Mothering Minas I. 2007, ‘Developing Aboriginal Australia, Arena Australia’, Childrearing and Infant Experience, Pedagon Publishing, mental health services for Printing and Publishing, Care Issues: A Cross-cultural Alberta, Canada, pp. 224–243. multicultural societies’, Melbourne, pp. 133–140. Perspective, Nova Science Dowling R., Fossey E., Meadows Textbook of Cultural Psychiatry, Publishers, New York, pp. Cambridge University Press, Anderson I. 2007, ‘Policy G., Minas I. & Purtell C. 2007, 185–198. Cambridge, UK, pp. 389–401. processes’, in Carson B., Dunbar ‘Case management’, Mental T., Chenhall R.D. & Bailie R. Minas I. 2007, ‘Culture and Health in Australia: Collaborative Minas I. & Silove D. 2007, (eds), Social Determinants of human rights’, in White J. Community Practice, Oxford ‘Transcultural and refugee Indigenous Health, Allen & & Marsella A. (eds), Fear of University Press, South psychiatry’, Foundations of Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, pp. Persecution: Global Human Melbourne, Vic., pp. 341–362. Clinical Psychiatry, Melbourne 231–252. Rights, International Law and Epstein M., Fossey E., Leggatt University Publishing, Anderson I. 2007, Human Well-being, Lexington M., Meadows G. & Minas I. Melbourne, pp. 511–522. ‘Understanding the processes’, Books, Lanham, US, pp. 93–107. 2007, ‘Assessment: Essential Paradies Y. 2007, ‘Racism’, in in Carson B., Dunbar T., Chenhall Room R. 2007, ‘Understanding skills’, Mental Health in Australia: Bailie R., Chenhall R.D., Dunbar R.D. & Bailie R. (eds), Social cultural differences in young Collaborative Community T. & Carson B. (eds), Social Determinants of Indigenous people’s drinking’, in Jarvinen M. Practice, Oxford University Determinants of Indigenous Health, Allen & Unwin, Crows & Room R. (eds), Youth Drinking Press, South Melbourne, Vic., Health, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, pp. 1–40. Cultures: European Experiences, pp. 77–318. Nest, NSW, pp. 65–86. 93 C – Journal Articles Baer H. 2007, ‘Why is the ‘Looking at contextual effects Campbell D., Pyett P. & Australian Government through Rose-coloured glasses: Mccarthy L. 2007, ‘Community C1 – Journal Articles interested in complementary Interpreting contextual effects development interventions Refereed medicine? A case study in multilevel models of health’, to improve Aboriginal health: of economic rationalism’, Australasian Epidemiologist, Building an evidence base’, Aitken L., Anderson I., Complementary Health Practice 14(1): 4–5. Health Sociology Review, Atkinson V., Best J., Briggs P., Review, 12(3): 167–178. 16(3–4): 304–314. Calleja J., Charles S., Doyle Berzsenyi M.D., Bowden J., Mohamed J., Patten R., Baglietto L., English D., S., Kelly H., Watson K.M., Camp N., Cannon-Albright Rowley K. & Simmons D. 2007, Hopper J., Morris H.A., Mijch A.M., Hammond R.A., L., Baffoe-Bonnie A., George ‘A collaborative cardiovascular Tilley W.D. & Giles G. 2007, Crowe S.M. & Roberts S.K. A., Powell I., Bailey-Wilson J., health program for Aboriginal ‘Circulating insulin-like 2007, ‘Reduction in hepatitis Carpten J., Giles G., Hopper J. and Torres Strait Islander growth factor-I and binding C-related liver disease Severi G., English D., Foulkes people in the Goulburn-Murray protein-3 and the risk of breast associated with GB virus C in W., Maehle L., Moller P., Eeles region: Development and risk cancer’, Cancer Epidemiology, human immunodeficiency virus R., Easton D., Badzioch M., factor screening at Indigenous Biomarkers & Prevention, 16(4): coinfection’, Gastroenterology, Whittemore A., Oakley-Girvan community organisations’, 763–768. 133: 1821–1830. I., Hsieh C-L., Dimitrov L., Xu Australian Journal of Primary Balise R.R., Chen Y., Dite G., Blood R.W., Pirkis J. & Holland J., Stanford J., Johanneson Health, 13(1): 9–17. Felberg A., Sun L., Ziogas K. 2007, ‘Media reporting of B., Deutsch K., McIntosh L., A. & Whittemore A.S. 2007, suicide methods: An Australian Ostrander E., Wiley K., Isaacs Allen K.J., Gurrin L., S., Walsh P., Thibodeau S., ‘Imputation of missing ages in Perspective’, Crisis (Kirkland), Constantine C., Osborne N., McDonnell S., Hebbring S., pedigree data’, Human Heredity, 8(Suppl 1): 64–69. Delatycki M.B., Nicholl A.J., Schaid D., Lange E., Cooney 63(3–4): 168–174. Mclaren C.E., Bahlo M., Nisselle Blunsden B. & Davern M. 2007, K., Tammela T., Schleutker J., A.E., Vulpe C.D., Anderson Bane A., Beck J., Bleiweiss I., ‘Measuring Wellness: Linking Paiss T., Maier C., Gronberg H., G.J., Southey M., Giles G., Buys S., Catalano E., Daly M., the physical, economic and Wiklund F., Emanuelsson M., English D., Hopper J., Olynyk Giles G., Godwin A., Hibshoosh social to evaluate community Isaacs W. 2007, ‘Compelling J.K., Powell L.W. & Gertig D. H., Hopper J., John E., Layfield development’, Journal of evidence for a prostate cancer 2007, ‘Iron-overload-related L., Longacre T., Miron A., Community Practice, 15(1/2): gene at 22q12.3 by the disease in HFE Hereditary Senie R., Southey M., West D., 217–238. International Consortium for Hemochromatosis’, New Whittemore A., Wu H., Andrulis Bolton C.M., Myles B.S, Prostate Cancer Genetics’, England Journal of Medicine, I. & O’Malley F. for the Breast Carlin J.B. & Nolan T. 2007, Human Molecular Genetics, 358(3): 221–230. Cancer Family Registry 2007, ‘Randomized, double-blind 16(11): 1271–1278. ‘BRCA2 mutation-associated Anderson I. 2007, ‘The end of study comparing the efficacy of Carey J.M., Beilin R.I., Boxshall breast cancers exhibit a Aboriginal self-determination?’, moderate-dose metoclopramide A., Burgman M.A. & Flander L. distinguishing phenotype based Futures, 39: 137–154. and ondansetron for the 2007, ‘Risk-based approaches on morphology and molecular prophylactic conrol of to deal with uncertainty in a Anderson I. & Whyte J. 2007, profiles from tissue arrays’, postoperative vomiting in data-poor system: Stakeholder ‘Australian federalism and American Journal of Surgical children after tonsillectomy’, involvement in hazard Aboriginal health’, Australian Pathology, 31(1): 121–128. British Journal of Anaesthesia, identification for marine national Aboriginal Studies, 2: 5–16. 99(5): 699–703. Bennett C., Guo M. & parks and sanctuaries in Victoria, Ansari Z., Dunt D. & Dharmage Dharmage S. 2007, ‘HbA1c as Bond L., Butler H., Thomas L., Australia’, Risk Analysis, 7(1): S. 2007, ‘Variations in a screening tool for detection of Carlin J., Glover S., Bowes G. 271–281. hospitalizations for chronic Type 2 diabetes: A systematic & Patton G. 2007, ‘Social and Chen M., Karvelas M., obstructive pulmonary disease review’, Diabetic Medicine, 4: school connectedness in early Sundararajan V., Hocking J. & in rural and urban Victoria, 333–343. secondary school as predictors Fairley C. 2007, ‘Evidence for Australia’, Respirology, 12(6): of late teenage substance Bennett N.J., Bull A.L., Dunt the effectiveness of a chlamydia 874–880. use, mental health, and D., Mcbryde E., Russo P.L., awareness campaign: Increased academic outcomes’, Journal of Apicella C., Dowty J., Dite G., Spelman D.W. & Richards M.J. population rates of chlamydia Adolescent Health, 40(4): 357. Jenkins M., Senie R.T., Daly 2007, ‘Bloodstream infection testing and detection’, e9–357.e18. M.B., Andrulis I.L., John E.M., surveillance in smaller hospitals’, International Journal of STD & Buys S.S., Li F.P., Glendon G., Australian Infection Control, Bradley J. & Pybus C. 2007, AIDS, 18(4): 239–243. Chung W., Ozcelik H., Miron 12(2): 45–47. ‘From slavery to servitude: The Chinn S., Janson C., Svanes C., A., Kotar K., Southey M., Australian exile of Constance and Bennett N.J., Bull A.L., Dunt Dharmage S. & Jarvis D. 2007, Foulkes W.D. & Hopper J. 2007, Elizabeth’, Journal of Australian D., Gurrin L., Spelman D.W., ‘The relation of adult bronchial ‘Validation study of the LAMBDA Colonial History, 9: 29–50. model for predicting the BRCA1 Russo P.L. & Richards M.J. 2007, responsiveness to serious Burgess J.A., Walters E.H., or BRCA2 mutation carrier status ‘MRSA infections in smaller childhood respiratory illness Byrnes G., Matheson M., of North American Ashkenazi hospitals, Victoria, Australia’, in the ECRHS’, Respiratory Jenkins M., Wharton C., Johns Jewish women’, Clinical American Journal of Infection Medicine, 101: 983–988. D., Abramson M., Hopper J. & Genetics, 72: 87–97. Control, 35(10): 697–699. 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Snowdon J., Lautenschlager Harrap S. 2007, ‘Comprehensive and methods of youth suicide’, Cummins R.A., Stokes M.A. & N.T., Wilson I. & Almeida O.P. multi-stage linkage analyses Suicide and Life-Threatening Davern M. 2007, ‘Core affect and 2007, ‘Long-terms effects of identify a locus for adult height Behavior, 37(2): 197–221. subjective wellbeing: A rebuttal childhood abuse on the quality on chromosome 3p in a healthy Colucci E. & Martin G. 2007, to Moum and Land’, Journal of of life and health of older people: Caucasian population’, Human ‘Ethnocultural aspects of suicide Happiness Studies, 8: 457–466. Results from the Depression Genetics, 121(2): 213–222. in young people: A systematic and Early Prevention of Suicide Erbas B., Chang J., Dharmage Daly J., Willis K., Small R., in General Practice Project’, literature review Part 2: Risk Green J.B., Welch N., Kealy M. 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