DOCSLIB.ORG

2Nd State Report Romania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2Nd State Report Romania Strasbourg, 06 June 2005 ACFC/SR/II(2005)004 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY ROMANIA PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 06 June 2005) Table of contents: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................4 Representation of the national minorities in the political life at central and local levels...........4 Minority parties......................................................................................................................4 Parliamentary representation...................................................................................................5 Parliamentary committees or subcommittees on minorities.....................................................6 Governmental representation ..................................................................................................6 Local participation of national minorities in the decision making process ...............................6 SECTION I ............................................................................................................................7 Practical arrangements made at national level for following up the results of the first monitoring cycle on the implementation of the Framework Convention..................................7 1. Introduction, the Department for Inter-Ethnic Relations (DIR)............................................7 2. The Council of National Minorities...................................................................................13 3. Yearly budget allocated to the organizations of the Minorities 2004*................................14 4. The status of the ratification of the European Charter of Regional or Minority Languages: .............................................................................................................................................15 5. Stipulations included in the Law concerning judicial organization no. 304 / 2004:............15 MEASURES TAKEN IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION FOR NATIONAL MINORITIES .............................................................................................................................................16 Introduction, general remarks ...............................................................................................16 GENERAL DATA ...............................................................................................................16 1. Landmarks in the approach of educational policies in Romania ........................................17 Priorities:..............................................................................................................................17 2. Description .......................................................................................................................18 3. Juridical framework..........................................................................................................18 4. Measures taken.................................................................................................................19 A. NETWORK AND SCHOOLING ....................................................................................19 B. CONTENT OF EDUCATION .........................................................................................21 C. INITIAL AND CONTINUOUS EDUCATION – HUMAN RESOURCES ......................23 D. THE GENERAL DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION IN THE LANGUAGES OF NATIONAL MINORITIES AND ACCESS TO EDUCATION............................................24 DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION WITH TUITION IN HUNGARIAN, GERMAN AND OTHER MINORITIES.........................................................................................................25 TYPES OF EDUCATION FOR MINORITIES FOUND WITHIN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN ROMANIA .....................................................................................................27 SECTION IIa .......................................................................................................................27 MEASURES UNDERTAKEN IN RESPONSE TO THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS RESOLUTION (First monitoring cycle) ...............................................................................27 1. Strategy of the Romanian Government for improving the situation of the Roma minority.28 2. Among other Phare activities connected to the Romanian Government’s Strategy for the Roma there are: ....................................................................................................................30 3. Education for the Roma ....................................................................................................32 a. Status of the Romani language in the Romanian educational system .................................32 b. Tuition of the Romany language at present .......................................................................32 c. Elaboration of school equipment for the mastery of the Romany language* ......................33 d. Cultivation of the Romany language through extra-curricular activities ............................33 e. Training of teachers for Romany language and the history and tradition of the Romas ......33 f. Web page for the study of the Romany language and education for Romas........................33 2 g. Database on education for Romas .....................................................................................33 SECTION IIb .......................................................................................................................33 Measures taken in response to the Committee of Ministers' recommendation to take appropriate account of the various comments contained in theAdvisory Committee's opinion .............................................................................................................................................33 II. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STATE REPORT .......................................................34 III. SPECIFIC COMMENTS IN RESPECT OF ARTICLES 1-19 ........................................34 ART. 3 of the Framework Convention..................................................................................34 ART. 4 .................................................................................................................................35 ART. 6 .................................................................................................................................44 ART. 17 ...............................................................................................................................48 ART. 18 ...............................................................................................................................48 SECTION III........................................................................................................................48 Answers to the questions raised by the Consultative Committee ...........................................49 3 INTRODUCTION After the start of the democratic changes in 1989, Romania, like almost all the other countries in the region, was faced with inherent challenges in the field of human rights. Consequently, during the last 15 years, Romania made significant efforts aimed at legislative harmonisation, implementation, respect and observance of the human rights issues, in conformity with the country's new, democratic, Constitution. The amended legislation, in close connection and shaped according to the international treaties on human rights, improved the state practices, and founded in a positive and rational manner the new institutions. The civil society plays a major role in the conception of our country's policies, offering support and expertise: it is frequently consulted, in such a way that the representatives of different groups and minorities can express their wishes and advance solutions (see also Appendix 3 of the Report, for the opinions of national minorities). Given the inextricable linkage between national culture and cultural identity, Romania undertakes permanently the task of providing full guarantees of the individual rights and freedoms of persons belonging to national minorities. The protection of the ethnic, religious and linguistic identity is one of the many consolidated gains of the transition period. The Romanian Constitution takes into account the ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity existing in the state, and various institutions are tackling minority-related issues, in order to guarantee our future as a democratic, pluralist and sovereign state in an united Europe. Representation of the national minorities in the political life at central and local levels Minority parties There are no minority parties in Romania but the organisations of national minorities can participate to the election process and, in this case, they are assimilated to political parties (according to Article 4 para. 2 of Election Law no.68/2000). Concerning the political participation of the national minorities in the local elections, the Law for the election of local public administration authorities adopted in 2004 states as follows: Art. 7 (1) Within the meaning of the present law, national minority means that ethnic group which is represented in the National Minorities Council. (2) Candidatures may be put forward by the organisations of the citizens belonging to national minorities represented in the Parliament. (3) Candidatures may also be put forward by other lawfully established
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hungary's Policy Towards Its Kin Minorities
    Hungary’s policy towards its kin minorities: The effects of Hungary’s recent legislative measures on the human rights situation of persons belonging to its kin minorities Óscar Alberto Lema Bouza Supervisor: Prof. Zsolt Körtvélyesi Second Semester University: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Budapest, Hungary Academic Year 2012/2013 Óscar A. Lema Bouza Abstract Abstract: This thesis focuses on the recent legislative measures introduced by Hungary aimed at kin minorities in the neighbouring countries. Considering as relevant the ones with the largest Hungarian minorities (i.e. Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine), the thesis starts by presenting the background to the controversy, looking at the history, demographics and politics of the relevant states. After introducing the human rights standards contained in international and national legal instruments for the protection of minorities, the thesis looks at the reasons behind the enactment of the laws. To do so the politically dominant concept of Hungarian nation is examined. Finally, the author looks at the legal and political restrictions these measures face from the perspective of international law and the reactions of the affected countries, respectively. The research shows the strong dependency between the measures and the political conception of the nation, and points out the lack of amelioration of the human rights situation of ethnic Hungarians in the said countries. The reason given for this is the little effects produced on them by the measures adopted by Hungary and the potentially prejudicial nature of the reaction by the home states. The author advocates for a deeper cooperation between Hungary and the home states. Keywords: citizenship, ethnic preference, Fundamental Law, home state, human rights, Hungary, kin state, minorities, nation, Nationality Law, preferential treatment,Status Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Generated an Epistemological Knowledge of the Nation—Quantifying And
    H-Nationalism The “Majority Question” in Interwar Romania: Making Majorities from Minorities in a Heterogeneous State Discussion published by Emmanuel Dalle Mulle on Wednesday, April 22, 2020 H-Nationalism is proud to publish here the sixth post of its “Minorities in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives” series, which looks at majority- minority relations from a multi-disciplinary and diachronic angle. Today’s contribution, by R. Chris Davis (Lone Star College–Kingwood), examines the efforts of Romanian nation-builders to make Romanians during the interwar period. Heterogeneity in Interwar Romania While the situation of ethnic minorities in Romania has been examined extensively within the scholarship on the interwar period, far too little consideration is given into the making of the Romanian ethnic majority itself. My reframing of the “minority question” into its corollary, the “majority question,” in this blogpost draws on my recently published book examining the contested identity of the Moldavian Csangos, an ethnically fluid community of Romanian- and Hungarian-speaking Roman Catholics in eastern Romania.[1] While investigating this case study of a putative ethnic, linguistic, and religious minority, I was constantly reminded that not only minorities but also majorities are socially constructed, crafted from regional, religious, and linguistic bodies and identities. Transylvanians, Bessarabians, and Bănățeni (people from the Banat region) and Regațeni (inhabitants of Romania’s Old Kingdom), for example, were rendered into something
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina Article The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities Amfiteatru Economic Journal Provided in Cooperation with: The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Suggested Citation: Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina (2010) : The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities, Amfiteatru Economic Journal, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Vol. 12, Iss. 28, pp. 314-331 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/168694 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices
    sustainability Article Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices in the Top Romanian Companies Anca Gabriela Petrescu 1,*, Florentina Raluca Bîlcan 1, Marius Petrescu 1, 2 3 2 Ionica Holban Oncioiu , Mirela Cătălina Türkes, and Sorinel Căpu¸sneanu 1 Faculty of Economic Sciences, Valahia University, 130024 Targoviste, Romania; bilcan.fl[email protected] (F.R.B.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Faculty of Finance-Banking, Accounting and Business Administration, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (I.H.O.); [email protected] (S.C.) 3 Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; offi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-744-322-911 Received: 19 March 2020; Accepted: 21 April 2020; Published: 24 April 2020 Abstract: The concept of sustainability reporting has been addressed by experts worldwide and is defined as the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of the economic actions of organizations to special interest groups within society in general. The main purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the opinions of the real benefits obtained by large companies in Romania following the elaboration of sustainability reports and their contribution to the development of a sustainable economy. A quantitative marketing research was carried out on the sample randomly extracted from a target community of the largest 5750 companies
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Discourses on National Belonging: the Hungarian Minority in Romania 1
    "This version of the manuscript is the authors’ copy, prior to the publisher's processing. An updated and edited version was published in the Romanian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 14, No. 1, Summer 2014 pp 61-86 Identity discourses on national belonging: the Hungarian minority in Romania 1 2 Valér Veres ABSTRACT This paper deals with national representations of the Hungarian minority from Transylvania and its group boundaries within the context of the Hungarian and Romanian nation. The main empirical source is represented by qualitative data, based on a focus group analysis from 2009. It analyses the ways in which Hungarians from Transylvania reconstruct national group boundaries based on ideological discourses of nationalism, including specific differences that may be observed in discursive delimitations within the minority group. The study focuses on the following three research questions. The first one refers to the national boundaries indicated, to the interpretations given to belonging to a nation. The second one refers to the way people name their homeland and the interpretations they relate to it. The third one refers to the way Hungarians from Transylvania relate to Hungary. Based on focus group answers, two marked national discourses may be distinguished about the representations of Hungarians from Transylvania regarding nation and national belonging. The two main discourses are the essentialist-radical and the quasi-primordial – moderate discourse. Conceptually, the discourses follow Geertz’s typology (1973). As for the Hungarian minority form Romania, we may talk about a quasi- primordialist discourse which is also based on cultural nation, but it has a civic nation extension towards Romanians.
    [Show full text]
  • România Judeţul Arad Municipiul Arad Consiliul Local
    ROMÂNIA JUDEŢUL ARAD MUNICIPIUL ARAD CONSILIUL LOCAL H O T Ă R Â R E A nr. 7 din 16 ianuarie 2020 privind acordarea unui mandat reprezentantului Municipiului Arad în Adunarea Generală a Asociaților pentru modificarea Actului Constitutiv și a Statutului Asociației de Dezvoltare Intercomunitară de Transport Public Arad Având în vedere inițiativa Primarului Municipiului Arad, exprimată în referatul de aprobare înregistrat cu nr. 1518/10.01.2020, Analizând raportul nr. 1519/10.01.2020 al Serviciului Transport Public Local, Autorizare Activități Economice, Ținând seama de avizele comisiilor de specialitate ale Consiliului Local al Municipiului Arad, Luând în considerare Hotărârea nr. 156/2018 a Consiliului Local al Municipiului Arad privind constituirea Asociației de Dezvoltare Intercomunitară Transport Public Arad, Ținând cont de adresa Asociației de Dezvoltare Intercomunitară de Transport Public Arad nr. 931/30.12.2019, înregistrată la Primăria Municipiului Arad cu nr. 1170/09.01.2020, prin care se solicită acordarea unui mandat special reprezentantului Municipiului Arad pentru a vota aderarea unor unități administrativ-teritoriale la asociație, precum și majorarea patrimoniului asociației și modificarea actului constitutiv și statutului Asociației, Având în vedere prevederile art. 10 alin. (8) din Legea nr. 51/2006, privind serviciile comunitare de utilități publice, statutul și actul constitutiv al Asociației pot fi semnate în numele și pe seama UAT- ului, numai de către primarul, care este și reprezentantul UAT-ului, în adunările generale ale Asociației, Conform Legii nr. 92/2007 privind serviciul de transport public local, Ordonanței Guvernului nr. 26/2000 cu privire la asociații şi fundații, aprobată cu modificări prin Legea nr. 246/ 2005, cu modificările și completările ulterioare și Hotărârea Guvernului nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Roma of Romania
    Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) MINORITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Roma of Romania Acknowledgements This report was prepared in cooperation with the Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center (EDRC). It was researched and written by Cathy O’Grady and Daniela Tarnovschi, and updated by Tibor Szasz, Researchers of CEDIME-SE and EDRC. It was edited by Panayote Dimitras, Director of CEDIME-SE; Nafsika Papanikolatos, Coordinator of CEDIME-SE; and Caroline Law and Ioana Bianca Rusu, English Language Editors of CEDIME-SE and EDRC. CEDIME-SE and EDRC would like to express their deep appreciation to the external reviewers of this report, Gabriel Andreescu, program director of “National Minorities and Religious Freedom,” member of Romanian Helsinki Committee, Istvan Haller, program coordinator of Liga ProEuropa, Florin Moisa, Executive President of the Resource Center for Roma Communities, and Julius Rostaş governmental expert at the Department for Protection of National Minorities -National Office for Roma. CEDIME-SE and EDRC would also like to thank all persons who generously provided information and/or documents, and/or gave interviews to their researchers. The responsibility for the report’s content, though, lies only with CEDIME-SE. We welcome all comments sent to: [email protected]. 1 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS Updated: November 2001 State Romania Name (in English, in the dominant language and, if different, in the minority language) Roma (English), Ţigani, or sometimes Romi (Romanian), Rom (the language of the minority). Is there any form of recognition of the minority? Yes. The government Department for the Protection of National Minorities has a National Office for Roma.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-Building in Europe, 1400–2000
    ©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Anthony Gill, Chair Edgar Kiser Victor Menaldo Steven Pfaff Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Political Science University of Washington Abstract Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Anthony Gill Political Science Why do some ethnic groups consolidate their cultural practices earlier than others? Extant schol- arship in ethnicity, nations, and state-building hypothesizes that the state is the most important determinant. In my dissertation, I argue that it is not the only channel and there are other fac- tors that matter. In three standalone essays, I investigate the role of (1) geography, (2) technology, and (3) public goods provision at the ethnic-group level. I provide a simple conceptual frame- work of how each of these determinants affects cultural consolidation for ethnic groups. I argue that geographical conditions and technology adoption can have a positive impact on ethnic groups’ ability to develop unique cultural attributes without an independent state. Although they may be politically incorporated by stronger groups in the modern period, they still demand self-rule or standardize their vernacular. I also argue that, in contrast with the expectation from the political economy research on ethnicity, cultural consolidation does not always yield public goods provision at the ethnic-group level.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania, December 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Romania, December 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: ROMANIA December 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Romania. Short Form: Romania. Term for Citizen(s): Romanian(s). Capital: Bucharest (Bucureşti). Click to Enlarge Image Major Cities: As of 2003, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, with 1.93 million inhabitants. Other major cities, in order of population, are Iaşi (313,444), Constanţa (309,965), Timişoara (308,019), Craiova (300,843), Galati (300,211), Cluj-Napoca (294,906), Braşov (286,371), and Ploeşti (236,724). Independence: July 13, 1878, from the Ottoman Empire; kingdom proclaimed March 26, 1881; Romanian People’s Republic proclaimed April 13, 1948. Public Holidays: Romania observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Epiphany (January 6), Orthodox Easter (a variable date in April or early May), Labor Day (May 1), Unification Day (December 1), and National Day and Christmas (December 25). Flag: The Romanian flag has three equal vertical stripes of blue (left), yellow, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Human Settlement: Human settlement first occurred in the lands that now constitute Romania during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 600,000 years ago. About 5500 B.C. the region was inhabited by Indo-European people, who in turn gave way to Thracian tribes. Today’s Romanians are in part descended from the Getae, a Thracian tribe that lived north of the Danube River. During the Bronze Age (about 2200 to 1200 B.C.), these Thraco-Getian tribes engaged in agriculture, stock raising, and trade with inhabitants of the Aegean Sea coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Retea Scolara 2018-2019
    Reţea şcolară Caraș-Severin 2018-2019 Nr. crt Denumire unitate de învățământ Localitate Localitate superioara Mediu Strada Numar Statut Tip unitate Denumire unitate cu personalitate juridică Forma de proprietate Telefon Fax Email 1 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.1 CELNIC ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN CHEILE GÎRLIŞTEI 2 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 2 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.2 ORAŞUL NOU ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 3 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.3 CENTRU ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN VIRGIL BIROU 1 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 4 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.4 SIGISMUND ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN REPUBLICII 38 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 5 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.5 STEIERDORF ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN VICTORIEI 61 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 6 GRĂDINIŢA CU PROGRAM NORMAL NR.6 BRĂDET ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN COL. BRĂDET 124 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 7 LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN MIHAIL SADOVEANU 1 Cu personalitate juridică Unitate de învăţământ Publică de interes naţional şi local 0255241302 0255241302 [email protected] 8 ŞCOALA GIMNAZIALĂ NR.1 CELNIC ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN CHEILE GÂRLIŞTEI NR. 2 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 9 ŞCOALA GIMNAZIALĂ NR.2 STEIERDORF ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN VICTORIEI 1 Arondată Unitate de învăţământ LICEUL „MATHIAS HAMMER“ ANINA Publică de interes naţional şi local 10 ŞCOALA GIMNAZIALĂ NR.3 BRĂDET ANINA ORAŞ ANINA URBAN COL.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Adult and Continuing Education in Romania, a Country in Transformation
    Simona Sava Trends in Adult and Continuing Education in Romania, a Country in Transformation The Plan to market transition brought with it the restructuring of the labour market, but also unemployment, new job profiles, and ongoing reform of the education sys- tem. Within the catch-up process of joining the EU and harmonizing the legislative framework and developments with the aquis communautaire, the effort to set up and implement effective policies was relatively coherent. But the results achieved so far show that much more efforts are needed, as the participation rate of adults in educa- tion is still only 1.6 percent. Positive trends can be identified as well: a diversified range of institutions, a national system of quality assurance and of APEL (Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning), increased funds allocated in the last two years, and an increased awareness and know-how in the field of ACE1. 1. Looking back at the last two decades Romania is one of the largest countries to have joined the European Union recently, with about 22 million inhabitants. Since 1989, the year of the revolution that ended communist domination, the country is undergoing a transformation from a central- ized state communist society and ideology to a democratic pluralist one and mar- ket economy. This transition required the enablement of adults to cope with these changes, on the one hand. On the other hand, this transition meant the restructuring of the labour market since large industrial enterprises were closed down and many small and medium enterprises (SME) were set up. The closing down of the large, formerly state owned enterprises forced them to lay off large numbers of people.
    [Show full text]
  • LD5655.V855 1989.K434.Pdf
    Power in Stalinist states: The Personality cult of Nicolae Ceausescu by John Oliver Kinder Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science APPROVED: Timothy W. Luke Lynette G. Rummel Ronald G. Shaiko April 26, 1989 Blacksburg, Virginia Power in Stalinist states: The Personality cult of Nicolae Ceausescu by John Oliver Kinder Timothy W. Luke Political Science (ABSTRACT) This study examines the Socialist Republic of Romania as a Stalinist state which employs a personality cult. The leader of a state is the focus of a personality cult, but he does not enjoy the status it gives without consent from elsewhere within the government. In order to determine where this power comes from, three possible sources are discussed. These are: Nicolae Ceausescu, president of Romania; the state bureaucracy; and the people. The Soviet Union, during the time of Stalin, is used as a comparative element. When Nicolae Ceausescu came to power he did so with the consent of the elite. As the Romanian elite are less inclined to support his policies, Ceausescu has had to continually take steps to stay ahead of the opposition. The Romanian people also lent their support to Ceausescu earlier, and have since become discontented with the regime. This study concludes that a leader with a personality cult must have some form of consent to come into power, but his personal characteristics will determine how he leads and whether or not he will be able to remain in power if that consent is withdrawn.
    [Show full text]