Final Report on Accident to M/S Spice Jet Ltd.Q-400 Aircraft Vt-Sua at Hubli on 08/03/2015
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FINAL REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO M/S SPICE JET LTD.Q-400 AIRCRAFT VT-SUA AT HUBLI ON 08/03/2015 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BUREAU MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION NEW DELHI FOREWORD This document has been prepared based upon the evidences collected during the investigation, opinion obtained from the experts examination of various components. The investigation has been carried out in accordance with Annex 13 to the convention on International Civil Aviation and under Rule 11 of Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Incidents), Rules 2012 of India. The investigation is conducted not to apportion blame or to assess individual or collective responsibility. The sole objective is to draw lessons from this accident which may help to prevent such future accidents/incidents. INDEX Synopsis 02 1. FACTUAL INFORMATION 03 1.1 History of Flight 03 1.2 Injuries to Persons 05 1.3 Damage to Aircraft 05 1.4 Other damage 09 1.5 Personnel information 10 1.5.1 Pilot-in-Command 10 1.5.2 Co-Pilot 10 1.6 Aircraft information 11 1.7 Meteorological information 18 1.8 Aids to Navigation 19 1.9 Communications 19 1.10 Aerodrome information 19 1.11 Flight recorders 19 1.12 Wreckage and impact information 23 1.13 Medical and pathological Information 25 1.14 Fire 25 1.15 Survival aspects 25 1.16 Tests and research 25 1.17 Organizational and management information 26 1.18 Additional information 27 1.19 Useful or effective investigation Techniques 27 2. ANALYSIS 28 2.1 Serviceability of the aircraft 28 2.2 Weather 29 2.3 Aerodrome 29 2.4 Pilot handling of the Aircraft 30 2.5 Circumstances leading to the Accident 33 3. CONCLUSIONS 34 3.1 Findings 34 3.2 Probable cause of the Accident 36 4. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS 37 FINAL REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO M/S SPICE JET LTD. BOMBARDIER Q-400 AIRCRAFT VT-SUA AT HUBLI ON 08/03/2015 1. Aircraft Type : Q-400 Nationality : INDIAN Registration : VT - SUA 2. Owner/ Operator : Maple Leaf Financing Ltd / Spice Jet Ltd. 3. Pilot – in –Command : ATPL holder on type Extent of injuries : Nil 4. First Officer : CPL Holder qualified on type Extent of injuries : Nil 5. Place of Accident : Hubli Airport (15021’36”N, 75005’10”E) 6. Date & Time of Accident : 08th March 2015 & 13:45 UTC (Approx.) 7. Last point of Departure : Bangalore 8. Point of intended landing : Hubli 9. Type of operation : Schedule Operation 9. Crew on Board : 4 Extent of injuries : Nil 10. Passengers on Board : 78 Extent of injuries : Nil 11. Phase of operation : Landing 12. Type of accident : Runway excursion (ALL TIMINGS IN THE REPORT ARE IN UTC) 1 SUMMARY: On 08.03.2015 M/s Spice Jet Ltd. Bombardier Q-400 aircraft VT-SUA, aircraft was operating a scheduled flight from Bangalore to Hubli. The aircraft took off from Bangalore at around 1300 UTC and weather reported for Hubli was within the crew operating minima. When the aircraft came in contact with Mangalore ATC, Mangalore ATC cleared aircraft direct to Hubli and informed heavy rains and thunder showers over Hubli with visibility 3000 m. While approaching into Hubli the pilot requested latest weather from ATC Hubli. At around 60 nm from Hubli, the weather reported by ATC Hubli was heavy rain and visibility 4000 meters. About 25 nm short of Hubli, ATC again advised visibility has reduced to 3000 m. Thereafter the crew decided to hold over Hubli until the weather improves. Twenty minutes into holding, the ATC again informed that visibility has improved to 4000m in moderate rain. Subsequently descent was requested by the PIC for runway 26. The ATC cleared VT-SUA for NDB approach runway 26, however the PIC preferred to carry out VOR DME trial procedure for runway 26. The aircraft landed at Hubli at around 1345 UTC, during the landing roll veered toward the left side of the runway and overrun the runway edge light followed by left landing gear collapsed. Thereafter the aircraft exited the runway to its left side on Kutcha and came to the final stop at round 52 meters away from the runway center line. There was no fire. All the passengers were safely evacuated from the RH side and there was no injury to any of the occupants on board the aircraft. The Ministry of Civil Aviation constituted a committee of inquiry to investigate into the cause of the accident under Rule 11 (1) of Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents and Accidents), Rules 2012 comprising of Sh. A X Joseph, Deputy Director, Chairman, Capt. Nitin Anand as members and Ms. Shilpy Satiya, Air Safety Officer as member secretary vide order No. AV.15018/80/2015. 2 1. FACTUAL INFORMATION. 1.1 History of the flight On 08.03.2015 M/s Spice Jet Ltd. Bombardier Q-400 aircraft VT-SUA, was operating a scheduled flight from Bangalore to Hubli under the command of ATPL license holder endorsed on type with duly qualified First Officer on type. There were 78 passengers and 4 crew members on board the aircraft. Previous to the accident flight, the aircraft VT-SUA had operated a flight Chennai – Bangalore with the same PIC. The flight was uneventful and there was no snag reported by the PIC on the completion of the flight. Subsequently the aircraft was scheduled for SG-1085, Bangalore - Hubli on 08.03.2015 at around 13:00 UTC. The aircraft took off from Bangalore at around 1300 UTC and the visibility reported for Hubli was 10 km. When the aircraft came in contact with Mangalore ATC, Mangalore ATC cleared aircraft direct to Hubli and informed heavy rains and thunder showers over Hubli with visibility 3000 m. Since the weather at Hubli had deteriorated, the PIC reduced aircraft speed for reassuring the flight parameters. As there is no refueling facility available at Hubli, the sector is a tankering sector hence the aircraft had enough fuel for holding. While approaching into Hubli the pilot requested latest weather from ATC Hubli. At around 60 nm from Hubli, the weather reported by ATC Hubli was heavy rain and visibility 4000 meters. The ATC cleared aircraft for NDB approach runway 26, however the PIC preferred to carry out VOR DME trial procedure for runway 26. The runway condition was neither asked by the cockpit crew nor intimated by the ATC. The descent was commenced and about 25 nm short of Hubli, ATC again advised visibility has reduced to 3000 m due heavy rain and thunderstorm. Thereafter the crew decided to hold over Hubli until the weather improves. 20 minutes into holding, the ATC again informed that visibility has improved to 4000m in moderate rain. 3 Subsequently descent was requested by the pilot for runway 26. The PIC stated that he had established visual reference with runway at about 6 nm on the final approach course. The crew also selected vipers on short finals to have a better visibility. The aircraft landed normally. The PIC had stated that after touch down and reducing power to DISC, as he was concentrating on the far end of the runway as the runway was wet, he did not realize that the aircraft was drifting to the left of the center line. He further mentioned that he selected full reverse on both the engines to maintain the aircraft on the center line however the aircraft veered toward the left side of the runway and in the process overrun the runway edge light followed by LH landing gear collapsed. After the left landing gear collapsed the left propeller blades hit the runway surface and sheared off from the root attachment. The PIC maneuvered the aircraft however the nose wheel tyre failed under over load conditions and the nose landing gear collapsed and the aircraft belly came in contact with the runway surface. Subsequently, the aircraft exited the runway on the left side on Kutcha and came to the final stop at round 52 meters away from the runway center line. The cockpit crew switched off the engines and the electrical power supply and cockpit door and announced evacuation. The cabin crew opened and the cabin doors on the right for evacuation. The ATC had alerted the fire services and the fire vehicles reached the aircraft after it came to final halt position. The fire personnel also assisted in the safe evacuation of all the passengers from the RH side. There was no injury to any of the occupants on board the aircraft. There was no post- accident fire. 4 1.2 Injuries to persons. INJURIES CREW PASSENGERS OTHERS FATAL Nil Nil Nil SERIOUS Nil Nil Nil MINOR/None 04 78 ---- 1.3 Damage to aircraft. The aircraft sustained substantial damage. The damages observed are as follows. FUSELAGE: Nose landing gear collapsed, skin and forward pressure bulkhead ruptured. Nose Radome & the composite structure behind Radome was cracked and damaged. The access panels of the FWD Equipment compartments were deformed. FWD pressure bulkhead lower section was cracked and bent towards aft. On LH side above aft PAX door structure, sharp FOD penetration damage was observed. LH side lateral strake damaged. Skin cracks on multiple (three) locations on RH fuselage due to stone penetration Fuselage skin adjacent of the RH propeller had stone damages Belly area has been inspected by opening the floor board of cabin aisle. Found skin damage & rivets are pulled out from many places from station no. X-701 to X- 111.00 (fwd). Warping observed on all frames , stringers and stiffeners • Skin Warping Fwd crown fuselage structure above window no.4 (station no.