Ovid’s Ars Amatoria Book 1
Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary
Jaclyn Stevens Ovid’s Ars Amatoria Book 1 Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary
First Edition
©2020 by Jaclyn R. Stevens
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The Latin text is the Teubner edition by R. Ehwald published in 1907.
ISBN-13: 978-0-578-67602-9
Published by Jaclyn Stevens Table of Contents
Pages
Ovid’s Life and Works...... iv Running Core Vocabulary (5 or more times)...... v-ix Abbreviations...... x
Ovid’s Ars Amatoria Liber I
Ovid, The Master of Love...... 1-5 Finding Love in Three Steps...... 5 Where to Meet Women...... 6-11 The Theater...... 12-13 The Rape of the Sabines...... 13-17 Chariot Races...... 17-21 The Arena...... 21-22 Parthia...... 22-27 The Triumphal Procession...... 27-29 Dinner Parties, Part I...... 29-32 Vacation Spots...... 32-33 Approaching Women...... 34-36 Pasiphae and the Bull...... 37-41 Feminine Passion...... 41-44 Handmaids...... 44-50 Buying Gifts...... 51-57 Writing Letters...... 57-61 Remaining at Her Side...... 61-63 Personal Hygiene...... 64-66 Bacchus and Ariadne...... 66-71 Dinner Parties, Part II...... 71-78 Offering Praise...... 78-79 Lying...... 79-83 Force...... 83-85 Achilles and Deidamia...... 86-89 Persistence...... 89-91 The Proper Complexion...... 91-93 Untrustworthy Friends...... 93-95 Adaptability...... 95-97
Text Only Pages...... 99-126
Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives...... 127-128 Verb Synopses...... 129-136 Uses of the Subjunctive...... 137 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary (5 or more times)...... 138-143 iv
Ovid’s Life and Works
March 15th 44 BC Julius Caesar was assassinated
March 20, 43 BC Ovid was born in Sulmo, Italy (90 mi. east of Rome) to an equestrian family
September 2, 31 BC Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium
Early 20s BC Ovid completed his rhetorical education at Rome, studying under Arellius Fuscus and Porcius Latro, with the goal of becoming a lawyer or politician; his studies culminated in a trip abroad to Greece
Ovid served in several minor public offices, but resigned because of his literary ambitions
27 BC Beginning of the Principate with the reign of Augustus
Late 20s BC Ovid published the Amores in five books; ca. 1 AD he published a second edition in three books
19 BC Death of Vergil ca. 15 BC Ovid published letters 1-15 of the Heroides; Heroides 16- 21 are dated to ca. 4-8 AD ca. 12-8 BC Ovid published the Medea, a tragedy, now lost ca. 1-2 AD Ovid published the Ars Amatoria, and, shortly afterwards, the Remedia Amoris and the Medicamina Faciei Femineae ca. 2-8 AD Ovid composed the Metamorphoses and completed the first half of the Fasti, which was left unfinished because of his exile
8 AD Ovid was exiled by Augustus to Tomis on the Black Sea for an unknown offense against the imperial family
8-12 AD Ovid composed the Tristia and the Ibis
13 AD Ovid published the first three books of the Epistulae ex Ponto; the fourth book was published posthumously
14 AD Death of Augustus, succession of Tiberius
17 AD Death of Ovid in exile at Tomis v
Running Core Vocabulary
The following list includes all words in Book I that occur five or more times arranged in a running vocabulary list. The number in the left column indicates the page on which the word first occurs. For an alphabetized list of the core words, readers should consult pp. 138-142.
1 amō (1): love, like, 22 1 amor, -ōris m.: love; desire, passion, 21 1 aptus, -a, -um: fitting, suitable for (dat), 16 1 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 19 1 currus, -ūs m.: chariot, cart, 6 1 dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum: say, speak, tell (about), 25 1 ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē: I, 21 1 et: and, also, even, 103 1 hic, haec, hoc: this, these; he, she, it, 54 1 in: in, on (abl), into, against (acc), 59 1 legō, -ere, lēgī, lectum: choose, pick; read, 9 1 lentus, -a, -um: slow, obstinate; flexible, 5 1 levis, -e: light, capricious, trivial, 6 1 moveō, -ēre, -vī, mōtum: move, set in motion, arouse, 9 1 nōn: not, 46 1 nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum: learn; (pf.) know, 6 1 populus, -ī m.: people; population, 6 1 quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 144 1 ratis, -is f.: raft, vessel, boat, 5 1 sī: if, whether, in case that, 33 1 sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: to be, 207 1 tener, -era, -erum: tender, soft, 11 1 vēlum, -ī n.: sail, canopy, curtain, 10 1 Venus, -eris f.: Venus (goddess), 12 2 Achillēs, -is m.: Achilles, 5 2 animus, -ī m.: soul, spirit, breath; pride, 12 2 atque: and, and also, and even, 8 2 crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: believe, trust (dat), 15 2 ille, illa, illud: that, those, 74 2 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6 2 manus, -ūs f.: hand; band, group, 20 2 mollis, -e: soft, 7 2 puer, -erī m.: boy, 8 2 quidem: indeed, in fact, certainly, 5 2 saepe: often, 18 2 sed: but, moreover, however, 18 3 dea, -ae f.: goddess, divinity, deity, 5 3 equus, -ī m.: horse, 10 3 excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum: shake off, brush off, 5 3 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 25 3 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 12 3 pectus, pectoris n.: chest, breast; heart, 9 vi Running Core Vocabulary
3 que: and, as well, 131 3 tamen: nevertheless, however, 19 3 taurus, -ī m.: bull, 6 3 terō, -ere, trīvī, trītum: grind, rub, wear, tread upon, 5 3 uterque, utra-, utrum-: each (of 2), both, 8 3 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 7 4 ā, ab, abs: (away) from, out of; by (abl), 19 4 adsum, -esse, -fuī: be present, assist, 6 4 dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put; grant, 44 4 longus, -a, -um: long; longē, far, 9 4 māter, mātris f.: mother, 7 4 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 6 4 nec: and not, neither…nor, 42 4 nōs, nostrī, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs: we, us, 5 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, project, 10 4 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 12 4 pudor, -ōris m.: (sense of) shame, decency, modesty, 6 4 tegō, -ere, texī, tectum: cover, conceal, 7 4 tenuis, -e: thin, 6 4 tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you, 71 4 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 39 4 vērus, -a, -um: true, real, 8 4 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 14 4 vōx, vōcis f.: voice, utterance, word, 7 5 arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 5 modus, -ī m.: way, manner, melody; modo, only, now, recently, 20 5 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, 6 5 novus, -a, -um: new, strange, 6 5 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 13 5 nunc: now, at present, 18 5 prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 13 5 puella, -ae f.: girl, 34 5 tempus, -poris n.: time, 12 5 tūtus, -a, -um: safe, secure, guarded, 8 5 ut: as, when (ind); so that, 41 5 veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 19 5 venus, -eris f.: sex, sexual intercourse, love, 5 5 volō, velle, voluī: will, wish, be willing, 7 6 aqua, -ae f.: water, 10 6 bene: well, 16 6 dum: while, as long as, until, 9 6 eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 15 6 licet, -ēre, -uit: it is allowed, permitted, 8 6 multus, -a, -um: much, many, 18 6 oculus, -ī m.: eye, 6 6 per: through, over, across; by, by means of, 13 6 placeō, -ēre, -uī: please, be pleasing to (dat), 15 Running Core Vocabulary vii
6 possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 22 6 quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī: search/look for, 10 6 ubi: where, when, 5 7 ante: before, in front of (acc); before, first, 10 7 frequēns (frequentis): crowded, frequent, much frequented, often, 5 7 habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itum: have, hold, 19 7 locus -ī m. (pl. loca): place, region, 9 7 quoque: also, 13 7 rapiō, -ere, -uī, raptum: snatch, kidnap, 8 7 vir, virī m.: man, male, 21 8 annus, -ī m.: year, 8 8 capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, catch, occupy, 15 8 cōgō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: force, compel, collect, 5 8 cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 7 8 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 10 8 quot: how many, 5 8 sīve (seu): or if, whether if, 8 8 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 24 8 vōtum, -ī n.: vow, prayer, wish 7 9 addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: add, bring to, 7 9 aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 6 9 cum: with (abl); when, since, although, 30 9 fors, fortis f.: chance, luck, fortune, 5 9 iuvō, -āre, iūvī: to help, aid; delight, be pleasing, 10 9 mūnus, mūneris n.: service, gift, task, duty; entertainment, show, 10 9 nōmen, nōminis n.: name, 9 9 sapiō, -ere, sapivī: taste of; be wise, 5 9 spargō, -ere, -rsī, -rsum: sprinkle, scatter, 5 9 sub: under, beneath, within (abl), 8 9 tergum, -ī n.: back; hide, 7 10 colō, -ere, coluī, cultum: cultivate; worship, 5 10 conveniō, -īre: is fitting for, it suits (dat); meet, 5 10 fugiō, -ere, fūgī: to flee, escape, hurry away, 9 10 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 17 10 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 9 10 pater, patris m.: father, senator, 12 11 agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend; plead, 8 11 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause, case; causā for the sake of, 7 11 caveō, -ēre, cāvī: beware, be on guard, look out, 5 11 dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 10 11 ē, ex: out from, from, out of (abl), 11 11 quā: adv. in which way, as; where, 6 11 sē: himself, her-, it-, them-, 18 11 verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 19 12 ōs, ōris n.: mouth, speech, voice; face, 5 12 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctum: touch, 8 12 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 10 viii Running Core Vocabulary
13 ad: to, toward; near (acc), 10 13 fēmina, -ae f.: woman, female, 8 13 neque: and not; neither…nor, 5 13 sīc: thus, in this way, 8 13 spectō (1): watch, look at, 11 13 tunc: then, at that time, 10 14 coma, -ae f.: hair, 6 14 ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, carry away, receive, bear, endure; relate, say, 14 14 humus, -ī f.: ground; hūmī, on the ground, 5 14 pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: put (away), place, dismiss, 11 14 quīlibet, quae-, quod-: whoever or whatever you please; anyone, anything, 6 14 quisque, quid-: whoever, whatever, each, 6 14 sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 9 14 sine: without (abl), 7 15 mōs, mōris m.: custom, habit, mood; pl. character, 5 15 petō, -ere, -īvī, petītum: seek, head for, 11 15 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, be afraid of, 6 15 turba, -ae f.: crowd, throng; tumult, 6 16 alter, -era, -erum: other, another; one…the other (of 2), 7 16 decet, decere, decuit: (usu. impers.) (it) is fitting, (it) is becoming; adorn, grace, 5 16 mēns, mentis f.: mind, intent, purpose, 8 16 nam: for, 5 16 negō (1): to deny, say no, say that…not, 5 16 nimius, -a, -um: excessive; adv. too (much), 7 16 pars, partis f.: part, side; some…others, 12 16 ūnus (ūnius, ūnī), -a, -um: one, single, 9 17 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 6 18 digitus, -ī m.: finger, 5 18 domina, -ae f.: master, owner; mistress, 13 18 hīc: here, 6 18 iungō, -ere, iunxī, iunctum: join, bring together, 5 18 latus, -eris n.: side, flank, 5 18 loquor, loquī, locūtum: speak, say, 5 18 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not wish, be unwilling, 5 19 at: but, at least; mind you, 6 19 faveō, -ēre, fāvī: to favor, be well-disposed towards, be propitous (dat), 7 19 fiō, fierī, factum: become, happen, be made, 11 20 facilis, -e: easy, ready, quick, good natured, yielding, 6 20 nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 15 20 patior, patī, passum: suffer, endure; allow, 5 20 premō, -ere, pressī, -ssum: press, squeeze, oppress, grasp, check; rest on, sit on, 6 21 harēna, -ae f.: sand, arena, 5 21 trīstis, -e: sad, sullen, 6 21 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, beat, 17 22 sentiō, -īre, sēnsī: feel, perceive, realize, see, 5 23 deus, -ī m.: god, divinity, deity, 12 23 diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, season, 7 Running Core Vocabulary ix
23 dux, ducis m./f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 6 23 ecce: behold, 6 23 gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsum: rejoice, be glad, 5 23 Parthus, -ī m.: Parthian, 5 24 iam: now, already, 10 24 malus, -a, -um: bad, evil; adv. poorly, 10 24 surgō, -ere, surrēxī: get up, rise, 5 24 tum: then, at that time, 10 25 laedō, -ere, laesī, laesum: harm, hurt, strike, offend, 6 25 tantus, -a, -um: so great/many/much; adv. only, 7 26 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5 26 ops, opis f.: power; pl. resources, 6 27 ergō: therefore, 5 27 prior, prius: before, earlier, first (adv. prius), 9 28 aliquis, aliquid (adj. -quī, -qua, -quod): someone, something; adj. some, any, 7 28 iste, ista, istud: that/those (of yours), 9 28 omnis, -e: every, all, 10 28 referō, -ferre, -tulī: report, bring back, return, mention, 7 28 rogō (1): ask, ask for, beg, 16 29 vīnum, -ī n.: wine, 8 30 cūra, -ae f.: care, concern, worry, 9 30 dolor, -ōris m.: pain, grief, 5 30 merus, -a, -um: pure, undiluted (wine), 5 30 noceō, -ēre, -uī: harm, be harmful, hurt (dat), 6 30 sūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take (up), put on, 7 31 fōrma, -ae f.: shape; beauty, 7 32 corpus, corporis n.: body, 6 33 Diāna, -ae f.: Diana, 8 33 unda, -ae f.: wave, surge, water, 6 35 blandus, -a, -um: smooth, flattering, 7 35 grātus, -a, -um: pleasing, grateful (dat), 7 35 semper: always, ever, forever, 10 35 temptō (1): attempt, test, try; attack, 6 39 fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsum: deceive, disappoint, cheat, 12 40 cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum: fall, 5 40 putō (1): think, consider, 7 42 capillus, -ī m.: hair, 6 47 vicis, -is f.: turn, repayment, retaliation; vicem, in turn, 6 49 incipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: begin, undertake, take on, 5 53 amāns, amantis m./f.: lover, 9 54 littera, -ae f.: letter (of the alphabet), 5 55 perdō, -ere, perdidī: lose, ruin, destroy, waste, 6 55 prex, precis f.: prayer, entreaty, 5 58 vīs, vīs f.: force, power; vīrēs, strength, 8 67 turpis, -e: ugly, shameful, indecent, 7 72 bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 5 78 laudō (1): praise, glorify, 5 x
Abbreviations abs. absolute acc. accusative act. active adj. adjective adv. adverb comp. comparative dat. dative disc. discourse d.o. direct object f. feminine fut. future gen. genitive imper. imperative impers. impersonal impf. imperfect ind. indirect indic. indicative inf. infinitive lit. literally m. masculine n. neuter nom. nominative obj. object pass. passive pf. perfect pl. plural plpf. pluperfect pple. participle PPP perfect, passive, participle pred. predicate prep. preposition pres. present pron. pronoun reflex. reflexive rel. relative sg. singular subj. subject or subjunctive superl. superlative vb. verb voc. vocative
Ovid, the Master of Love
Sī quis in hōc artem populō nōn nōvit amandī, 1 hoc legat et lectō carmine doctus amet. 2 Arte citae velōque ratēs rēmōque moventur, 3 arte levēs currūs: arte regendus amor. 4 Curribus Automedōn lentīsque erat aptus habēnīs, 5 Tīphys in Haemoniā puppe magister erat: 6 Mē Venus artificem tenerō praefēcit Amōrī; 7 Tīphys et Automedōn dīcar Amōris ego. 8
artifex, artificis m.: master-craftsman, 2 magister, -strī m.: teacher, helmsman, 2 Automedon, -is m.: Automedon, 2 praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī: put (acc.) in charge over carmen, carminis n.: song, 3 (dat.) citus, -a, -um: swift, fast, quick puppis, -is f.: stern, deck; ship, 2 doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 2 regō, -ere, rēxī, rectum: rule, guide, direct, 3 habēna, -ae f.: rein; leather strap rēmus, -ī m.: oar Haemonius, -a, -um: Haemonian (i.e. Tīphys, -yos m.: Tiphys, 2 Thessalian), 2
1 sī (ali)quis: if anyone; quis indefinite after curribus, lentīs...habēnīs: dat. after aptus sī 6 Tīphys: the helmsman of the Argo, the ship in hōc...populō on which Jason and the Argonauts sailed to amandī: of loving; gen. gerund Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece 2 legat, amet: let him...; jussive subj. puppe: ship; synecdoche (part of lectō carmine: abl. means or abl. absolute, something, e.g. stern, is used to represent PPP the whole, e.g. ship) doctus: PPP, modifying the subject (him) 7 artificem: as master; in apposition to mē of legat and amet 8 Tīphys et Automedōn...Amōris: the 3 Arte...arte...arte: by...by...by; anaphora Tiphys and Automedon of Love; Tīphys and citae...ratēs Automedōn are pred. nominatives after velōque...rēmōque: both...and...; joining dīcar. Amor should be understood to be abl. means both the concept of love and the god, also 4 regendus (est): must be controlled; passive known as Cupid, son of Venus and Mars. periphrastic (gerundive + sum) dīcar...ego: let me be called; jussive subj. 5 Automedōn: the charioteer of the Greek hero Achilles during the Trojan War
Indefinite Pronoun (Ali)quis, (Ali)quid
When the indefinite pronoun aliquis, aliquid (anyone, anything) appears after sī, nisi, num, and nē, the ali- is frequently dropped and the indefinite pronoun becomes simply quis, quid. Use the mnemonic: “With sī, nisi, num, and nē, ali takes a holiday.”
1 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Ille quidem ferus est et quī mihi saepe repugnet: 9 sed puer est, aetās mollis et apta regī. 10 Phillyridēs puerum citharā perfēcit Achillem, 11 atque animōs placidā contudit arte ferōs. 12 Quī totiēns sociōs, totiēns exterruit hostēs, 13 crēdītur annōsum pertimuisse senem. 14 Quās Hector sēnsūrus erat, poscente magistrō 15 verberibus iussās praebuit ille manūs. 16
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, time, 2 pertimeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, be afraid of utterly annōsus, -a, -um: aged, old Phillyridēs, -is m.: the son of Phillyrus cithara, -ae f.: lyre placidus, -a, -um: gentle, mile, peaceful contundō, -ere, -tudī, -tūsum: beat, bruise poscō, -ere, popōscī: ask, demand, 4 exterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: terrify praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, offer, 4 ferus, -a, -um: wild; subst. wild beast, 4 regō, -ere, rēxī, rectum: rule, guide, direct, 3 Hector, Hectoris m.: Hector, 3 repugnō (1): fight (back), resist, oppose, 3 hostis, -is m./f.: enemy, 4 senex, senis m.: old man; adj. old, 3 magister, -strī m.: teacher, helmsman, 2 socius, -iī m.: ally, companion, comrade perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: accomplish, see totiēns: so many times, so often, 3 through, perfect, 2 verber, -eris n.: lash, blow
9 Ille: i.e. Amor 14 annōsum...senem: i.e. Chiron quī: (one) who pertimuisse: to have feared; pf. act. inf. mihi: dat. with compound repugnet 15 Quās...manūs: the hands which repugnet: pres. subj. in relative clause of Hector: the Trojan prince Hector was characteristc, translate as indicative killed by Achilles during the Trojan War 10 regī: pres. pass. inf. after apta sēnsūrus erat: would feel (lit. was going 11 Phillyridēs: son of Phillyrus; i.e. Chiron, a to feel); future periphrastic (fut. act. pple. + centaur and tutor of young heroes sum) puerum...Achillem: obj. of perfēcit poscente magistrō: abl. abs. with pres. citharā: abl. means act. pple. 12 animōs: spirits 16 verberibus: for...; dative of purpose 13 (Is) Quī totiēns (exterruit) sociōs, (quī) iussās: PPP iubeō, modifying manūs, acc. totiēns exterruit hostēs: (he) who...; i.e. pl. obj. of praebuit Achilles; rel. clauses, missing antecedent is ille: i.e. Achilles subj. of crēdītur
Relative Clause of Characteristic
A subjunctive verb in a relative clause often indicates a relative clause of characteristic when: (1) the antecendent is a vague demonstrative such as is, ea, id (2) the antecedent is nēmō, nihil, or nūllus (3) the antecedent is indefinite or missing A relative clause of characteristic defines what sort of person or thing the vague antecedent is. The subjunctive verb is typically translated: (1) as an indicative or, occasionally, (2) as a potential subjunctive with the modal verb “would.”
2 Ovid, the Master of Love
Aeacidae Chīrōn, ego sum praeceptor Amōris: 17 saevus uterque puer, nātus uterque deā. 18 Sed tamen et taurī cervix onerātur arātrō, 19 frēnaque magnanimī dente teruntur equī; 20 Et mihi cēdet Amor, quamvīs mea vulneret arcū 21 pectora, iactātās excutiatque facēs. 22 Quō mē fīxit Amor, quō mē violentius ussit, 23 hōc melior factī vulneris ultor erō: 24
Aeacidēs, -ae m.: Achilles, grandson of magnanimus, -a, -um: great-hearted Aeacus, 2 melior, melius: better, 2 arātrum, -ī n.: plow, 2 nascor, nascī, nātum: be born, spring forth, 3 arcus, -ūs m.: arch, bow onerō (1): to weigh down, load, burden, 2 cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum: yield (to), give way praeceptor, -is m.: teacher, tutor (to), withdraw (dat.), 3 quamvīs: however much (you wish), cervix, cervicis f.: neck although, 2 Chīron, -ōnis m.: Chiron (a centaur) saevus, -a, -um: fierce, savage dēns, dentis m.: tooth ultor, ultōris m.: avenger, 2 fax, facis m.: torch ūrō, -ere, ussī, ustum: set on fire, burn fīgō, -ere, fixī, fīxum: fix, pierce violēns (violentis): violent, 2 frēnum, -ī n.: bit, bridle, rein, 2 vulnerō (1): wound, injure iactō (1): to throw, hurl, brandish
17 Chīrōn (erat praeceptor) vulneret, excutiatque: he may...; pres. 18 saevus uterque (est) puer subj. in concessive clause after quamvīs nātus (est) 22 iactātās: (having been) brandished; PPP, deā: from...; abl. of source after nātus modifying facēs 19 et: even (as) 23 Quō...quō...hōc: by how much...by how 20 frēna: bits; the bit is placed in the mouth much...by this much..., or the more...the of a horse and attached to the reins so that more...the more...; correlatives, abl. degree a rider can control the horse of difference with violentius and melior 21 et: (so) also violentius: more violently; comp. adv. cēdet: fut. modifying both fīxit and ussit mea...pectora: obj. of vulneret, poetic pl., 24 melior...ultor translate as sg. factī: PPP, modifying vulneris erō: fut. sum
Passive Periphrastic
The passive periphrastic is comprised of a gerundive and a form of the verb sum, esse. It is used to express necessity. gerundive + present of sum = must be –ed, has to be –ed, needs to be –ed gerundive + imperfect of sum = had to be –ed, needed to be –ed gerundive + future of sum = will have to be –ed, will need to be –ed Frequently, a dative of agent with no preposition appears with the passive periphrastic.
3 Ars Amatoria Liber I
nōn ego, Phoebe, datās ā tē mihi mentiar artēs, 25 nec nōs āeriae vōce monēmur avis, 26 nec mihi sunt vīsae Clīō Clīusque sorōrēs 27 servantī pecudēs vallibus, Ascra, tuīs: 28 ūsus opus movet hoc: vātī pārēte perītō; 29 vēra canam: coeptīs, māter Amōris, ades! 30 Este procul, vittae tenuēs, īnsigne pudōris, 31 quaeque tegis mediōs, īnstita longa, pedēs. 32
āerius, -a, -um: of the air pecus, pecudis m.: one of a flock; pl. flock Ascra, -ae f.: Ascra (birthplace of Hesiod) perītus, -a, -um: experienced, skilled avis, avis f.: bird, 4 Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus, Apollo, 3 canō, -ere: sing (about), 4 procul: from afar, far off Clīō, -ūs f.: Clio (muse of history) servō (1): save, protect, guard, pay attention coepī, -isse, coeptum: begin, undertake, 4 to, 3 īnsigne, -is, n.: mark, badge, emblem soror, sorōris f.: sister, 2 īnstita, -ae f.: hem, border ūsus, -ūs m.: experience, practice; need, 2 mentior, -īrī, mentitum: lie, pretend vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 4 moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: warn (about), advise, vātēs, -is m./f.: prophet, seer, poet, 2 4 vitta, -ae f.: fillet, (ritual) head-band pāreō, -ēre, -uī: obey (dat.)
25 Phoebe: Apollo was said to inspire poets Helicon, on which his hometown Ascra and musicians, though Ovid claims his was located. The Muses inspired him to inspiration comes from elsewhere compose poetry. datās (esse)...artēs: that...; indirect 29 movet: puts in motion discourse (acc. + inf.) after mentiar, pf. opus...hoc: i.e. the Ars Amatoria itself pass. inf., artēs is acc. subj. pārēte: pl. imperative, addresses the mentiar, monēmur: fut. pass. readers of the poem 26 nōs...monēmur: poetic pl., translate as sg. 30 vēra: n. pl. substantive adj., add ‘things’ āeriae...avis: Ovid also claims that his when translating inspiration does not come from the songs canam: fut. of birds coeptīs: for (these) undertakings; dat. with 27 mihi: by me; dat. of agent compound ades Clīō Clīusque sorōrēs: i.e. the nine māter Amōris: i.e. Venus, goddess of love Muses, the goddesses responsible for ades: sg. imperative adsum inspiring writers and artists 31 Este: pl. imperative sum Clīus: of Clio; gen. sg. vittae tenuēs: voc. after este 28 servantī: guarding; dat. pres. act. pple., īnsigne pudōris: the mark of modesty; in modifying mihi, pecudēs is obj. apposition to vittae tenuēs (in) vallibus...tuīs: abl. place where 32 quaeque: and (you) who; rel. pronoun, Ascra: sg. voc.; the Greek poet Hesiod antecedent is īnstita claimed to have met the Muses while īnstita longa: voc. after este watching his flocks of sheep on Mt.
4 Finding Love in Three Steps
Nōs venerem tūtam concessaque fūrta canēmus, 33 inque meō nūllum carmine crīmen erit. 34 Prīncipiō, quod amāre velīs, reperīre labōrā, 35 quī nova nunc prīmum mīles in arma venīs. 36 Proximus huic labor est placitam exōrāre puellam: 37 tertius, ut longō tempore dūret amor. 38 Hic modus, haec nostrō signābitur ārea currū: 39 haec erit admissā mēta terenda rotā. 40
admittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send to, give labor, labōris m.: labor, task, 4 access to, allow to rush forth labōrō (1): work, labor, 4 ārea, -ae f.: open space, ground, threshing mēta, -ae f.: turning-post, goal-post floor mīles, mīlitis m.: soldier, 4 canō, -ere: sing (about), 4 placitus, -a, -um: pleasing, agreeable carmen, carminis n.: song, 3 prīncipium, -iī n.: beginning, 2 concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: go away, proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 3 allow, permit, yield, 3 reperiō -īre -pperī -pertum: find, discover, 2 crīmen, crīminis n.: crime; charge, 3 rota, -ae f.: wheel, 2 dūrō (1): harden, endure signō (1): mark (out), designate, 2 exōrō (1): to prevail upon in prayer, entreat tertius, -a, -um: third fūrtum, -ī n.: theft, deceit, secret love
33 Nōs...canēmus: let us...; jussive subj. 39 Hic modus, haec...ārea: both subjects of concessa: PPP signābitur 34 in meō...carmine nostrō...currū: abl. means, nostrō is 35 prīncipiō: in the beginning, abl. time poetic pl., translate as meō when 40 erit...terenda: will need to be tread upon; (id) quod…velīs: what... (lit. that passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum), which...); rel. clause of characteristic with subject is haec mēta pres. subj. volō admissā: PPP, modifying rotā 36 quī: (you) who mēta: turning-post; i.e. the marker around nova: modifies arma which chariots must drive at either end of mīles: as a soldier; in apposition to quī the elliptical racetrack during a chariot race 37 huic: to this (task); dat. after proximus rotā: by the chariot; synecdoche (part of 38 tertius (labor est) something, e.g. wheel, is used to represent ut: that; introduces indirect command with the whole, e.g. chariot); abl. means subj. dūret longō tempore: for a long time; abl. time within which
5 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Dum licet, et lōrīs passim potes īre solūtīs, 41 ēlige cui dīcās ‘tū mihi sōla placēs.’ 42 Haec tibi nōn tenuēs veniet dēlāpsa per aurās: 43 quaerenda est oculīs apta puella tuīs. 44 Scit bene vēnātor, cervīs ubi rētia tendat, 45 scit bene, quā frendēns valle morētur aper; 46 aucupibus nōtī fruticēs; quī sustinet hāmōs, 47 nōvit quae multō pisce natentur aquae: 48
aper, aprī m.: wild boar, 3 passim: here and there auceps, aucupis m.: bird-catcher, fowler piscis, -is m.: fish, 4 aura, -ae f.: breeze, 2 rēte, rētis n.: net, trap, 3 cerva, -ae f.: hind (female deer), 2 sciō, -īre, -īvī. -ītum: know, understand, 3 dēlābor, -lābī, dēlāpsum: glide, slip, 2 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 4 ēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectum: choose, pick out solvō, -ere, -vī, solūtum: loosen; pay sail frendō, -ere, -uī: gnash teeth; grind, bruise sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, support, frutex, fruticis m.: shrub, bush 3 hāmus, -ī m.: hook, 3 tendō, -ere, tendī, tentum: stretch, strive, lōra, -ōrum n.: reins, leather straps, 2 spread, 2 moror, -ārī, -ātum: delay, hinder, linger, 4 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 4 natō (1): swim, float, 2 vēnātor, -is m.: hunter nōtus, -a, -um: well-known, familiar, 3
41 Dum licet (tibi) oculīs...tuīs: abl. means lōrīs...solūtīs: abl. absolute, PPP; when a 45 cervīs: for...; dat. of interest driver loosens the reins, a horse has the ubi...tendat: where he should...; pres. freedom to go as fast as it wishes subjunctive in deliberative indirect 42 (puellam) cuī dīcās: (a girl) to whom you question may say; rel. clause of characteristic with 46 (in) quā...valle: abl. place where pres. subj., understood puellam is obj. of frendēns: pres. act. pple., modifying aper ēlige and antecedent of cuī morētur: pres. subjunctive in indirect mihi: dat. of interest after placēs question 43 Haec (puella) 47 aucupibus: dat. of interest after nōtī tibi: dat. of direction fruticēs (sunt) tenuēs: modifies aurās (is) quī: (he) who; missing antecedent ‘is’ dēlāpsa: having slipped; deponent PPP, is subject of nōvit, pf. of nōscō modifying haec 48 quae... natentur aquae: which waters 44 quaerenda est: must be sought out; are...; pres. subj. in indirect question passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum)
6 Where to Meet Women
tū quoque, māteriam longō quī quaeris amōrī, 49 ante frequēns quō sit disce puella locō. 50 Nōn ego quaerentem ventō dare vēla iubēbō, 51 nec tibi, ut inveniās, longa terenda via est. 52 Andromedān Perseus nigrīs portārit ab Indīs, 53 raptaque sit Phrygiō Grāia puella virō, 54 tot tibi tamque dabit fōrmōsās Rōma puellās, 55 ‘Haec habet’ ut dīcās ‘quicquid in orbe fuit.’ 56
Andromeda, -ae f.: Andromeda Perseus, -ī m.: Perseus discō, -ere, didicī: learn, come to know, 3 Phrygius, -a, -um: Phrygian, i.e. Trojan, 3 fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, attractive, 4 portō (1): carry Grāius, -a, -um: Greek, 2 quisquis, quicquid: whoever, whatever, 4 Indī, -ōrum m.: Indians Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 2 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 4 tam: so, so much, to such an extent, 3 māteria, -ae f.: material, opportunity tot: so many, 3 niger, nigra, nigrum: black, 3 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 4 orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrārum, world, 4 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 3
49 tū...quī quaeris: tū is voc. antecedent of 54 rapta sit: may have been carried away; quī potential subjunctive with pf. pass. subj. longō...amōrī: for...; dat. of purpose Grāia puella: i.e. Helen; Paris, prince of 50 ante: first, “beforehand”; adv. Troy, was asked to settle a dispute over frequēns quō sit...puella locō = (in) quō which goddess was the fairest out of locō puella sit frequēns; indirect question Venus, Juno, and Minerva. Paris awarded after disce the title to Venus, as she had promised to disce: addresses the reader reward him with the hand of the Greek 51 (tē) quaerentem: pres. act. pple.; obj. of woman Helen, wife of Menelaus, King of iubēbō (+acc.) (+inf.) Sparta. Paris’ abduction of Helen triggered ventō: dat. ind. obj. the Trojan War, as the Greeks united 52 tibi: by...; dat. of agent with passive against Troy to reclaim Helen. periphrastic (ā) Phrygiō...virō: i.e. Paris; abl. agent; ut invenias (puellam): so that...; purpose Phrygia is a region in Asia Minor which clause includes Troy. terenda...est: must be trodden; passive 55 tot...tamque...fōrmōsas...puellās: so periphrastic (gerundive + sum), subj. is many and such... longa...via 56 Haec: i.e. Rome; the direct quotation is the 53 Andromedān: Greek sg. acc., obj. of object of dīcās portārit; after slaying the Gorgon Medusa, ut dīcās: that you will say; result clause Perseus saved the beautiful Ethiopian after tot, tam princess Andromeda from a sea monster quicquid...fuit: all that has ever existed and married her. (lit. whatever has been) nigrīs: modifies Indīs orbe (terrārum): the world (lit. the circle portā(ve)rit: may have carried; potential of lands) subjunctive with pf. subj.
7 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Gargara quot segetēs, quot habet Mēthymna racēmōs, 57 aequore quot piscēs, fronde teguntur avēs, 58 quot caelum stellās, tot habet tua Rōma puellās: 59 māter in Aenēae cōnstitit urbe suī. 60 Seu caperis prīmīs et adhūc crescentibus annīs, 61 ante oculōs veniet vēra puella tuōs: 62 sīve cupīs iuvenem, iuvenēs tibi mīlle placēbunt. 63 cogēris vōtī nēscius esse tuī: 64
adhūc: still, to this point Mēthymna, -ae f.: Methymna (town on Greek Aenēās, -ae m.: Aeneas island of Lesbos known for wine) aequor, -quoris n.: sea, 2 mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 3 avis, avis f.: bird, 4 nēscius, -a, -um: ignorant, unaware caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 piscis, -is m.: fish, 4 cōnsistō, -ere, -stitī: stand (still), remain racēmus, -ī m.: bunch, cluster (firm), come to rest, stop, 3 Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 2 crescō, -ere, crēvī, crētum: grow, increase seges, segetis f.: crop, field of grain, 3 frons, frondis f.: leaf, foliage; garland, 4 stella, -ae f.: star Gargara, -ōrum n.: Gargara (town at foot of tot: so many, 3 Mt. Ida near Troy) urbs, urbis f.: city, 4
57 quot...quot...quot...quot...tot...: as 61 Seu...sīve..seu: whether...or...or many...as many...so many; quot and tot are caperis: you are captivated; pres. pass. correlative adjs., with indeclinable rel. adj. prīmīs et adhūc crescentibus annīs: by quot introducing successive relative early and...; abl. means, crescentibus is clauses in which quot modifies pl. nouns pres. act. pple.; i.e. by very young girls Gargara quot segetēs (habet): as many 62 ante oculōs...tuōs fields as... veniet: fut. 58 (in) aequore quot piscēs (sunt) 63 iuvenem: a young lady (quot) avēs tibi: dat. of interest after placēbunt 59 quot caelum stellās (habet) 64 cogēris: fut. pass. 60 māter: i.e. Venus, the mother of Aeneas; vōtī nēscius esse tuī: to be ignorant of...; the Trojan hero Aeneas escaped from Troy nēscius is pred. nom. after esse; Ovid after its fall to the Greeks, eventually suggests that it will be nearly impossible founding the city of Lavinium in Italy. for the reader to determine whom he would Aeneas’ descendent Romulus eventually most desire from so many eligible women founded Rome. in Aenēae...urbe suī: in urbe Aenēae suī; gen. reflexive adj. suī modifies Aenēae
8 Where to Meet Women
seu tē forte iuvat sēra et sapientior aetās, 65 hoc quoque, crēde mihi, plēnius agmen erit. 66 Tū modo Pompēiā lentus spatiāre sub umbrā, 67 cum sōl Herculeī terga leōnis adit: 68 aut ubi mūneribus nātī sua mūnera māter 69 addidit, externō marmore dīves opus. 70 Nec tibi vītētur quae, prīscīs sparsa tabellīs, 71 porticus auctōris Līvia nōmen habet: 72
adeō, -īre: go to, approach, 4 plēnus, -a, -um: full, large, abundant, 2 aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, time, 2 Pompēius, -a, -um: Pompeian, of Pompey agmen, agminis n.: column, troop, porticus, -ūs f.: portico, colonnade, 2 procession, 2 prīscus, -a, -um: old, of former times auctor, auctōris m.: agent, founder, father, 4 sapiens (sapientis): wise dīves (divitis): wealthy, rich, 2 sērus, -a, -um: late, 2 externus, -a, -um: external, foreign sōl, sōlis m.: sun Herculeus, -a, -um: of Hercules, Herculean spatior, -ārī, -ātum: take a walk, walk about leo, leōnis m.: lion, 2 or along Līvia, -ae f.: Livia tabella, -ae f.: tablet, small painting, 4 marmor, marmoris n.: marble, 3 umbra, -ae f.: shadow, shade nātus, -ī m.: son, 2 vītō (1): avoid, 2
65 seu: or; connected to preceding sīve...seu 69 ubi: where forte: by chance mūneribus nātī sua mūnera māter sēra et sapientior aetās: subj. of iuvat, addidit: Ovid refers to the Portico of sapientior is comp. adj. Octavia in Rome, which was next to the 66 crēde mihi: an aside to the reader; crēde is theater of Marcellus, her son. Octavia was sg. imperative with dat. obj. the sister of emperor Augustus, and plēnius: too abundant; neuter comp. adj. Marcellus, Augustus’ presumed heir, died modifying agmen, comparative degree can unexpectedly in 23 BC at the age of 19. express excess 70 externō marmore: in...; abl. respect after 67 lentus: nom. adj. often translated like adv. dīves; the Portico of Octavia was decorated in English with imported marble spatiāre: walk about!; sg. deponent dīves opus: in apposition to sua mūnera imperative 71 tibi: by you; dative of agent Pompēiā: modifies umbrā; the Portico of vītētur: should be...; jussive subj., subject Pompey, behind the Theater of Pompey, is rel. clause beginning with quae porticus was comprised of colonnades which quae...porticus auctōris Līvia nōmen provided shade habet: the portico which has ‘Livia’ as the 68 cum: when; temporal cum clause name of (its) founder; quae is rel. adj. Herculeī...leōnis: i.e. the constellation modifying fem. sg. porticus Leo; Hercules killed the Nemean Lion sparsa: PPP spargō, modifying porticus; during the first of his twelve labors and the Portico of Livia was decorated with thereafter wore its skin many paintings terga: poetic pl., translate as sg.
9 Ars Amatoria Liber I
quāque parāre necem miserīs patruēlibus ausae 73 Bēlīdēs et strictō stat ferus ēnse pater. 74 Nec tē praetereat Venerī plōrātus Adōnis, 75 cultaque Iūdaeō septima sacra Syrō. 76 Nec fuge līnigerae Memphītica templa iuvencae: 77 multās illa facit, quod fuit ipsa Iovī. 78 Et fora conveniunt (quis crēdere possit?) amōrī: 79 flammaque in argūtō saepe reperta forō: 80
Adōnis, -is m.: Adonis, 2 miser, -era, -erum: miserable, sad, lovesick, 2 argūtus, -a, -um: full of bustle, noisy nex, necis f.: death, violent death, murder, 3 audeō, -ēre, ausum: dare, venture, 2 parō (1): prepare, 4 Bēlīdēs, -um f.: grandaughters of Belus (and patruelis, -is m.: cousin (on father’s side) daughters of Danaus, often called Danaids) plōrō (1): cry over, weep about, 2 ēnsis, -is m.: sword praetereō, -īre, -īvī, -itum: go past, elude, 2 ferus, -a, -um: wild; subst. wild beast, 4 reperiō -īre -pperī -pertum: find, discover, 2 flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, 4 sacra, sacrōrum n.pl.: religious rites, 3 forum, -ī n.: forum, 3 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2 Iūdaeus, -ī, m.: Jew, Jewish person stō, -āre, stetī: stand, stand still, 4 iuvenca, -ae f.: young cow, heifer, 3 stringō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: draw, unsheathe līniger, -a, -um: linen-wearing Syrus, -a, -um: Syrian, 2 Memphīticus, -a, -um: of Memphis (goddess) templum, -ī n.: temple, 4
73 quāque: and where; rel. adv.; i.e. the seventh-day sacred rites celebrated by the Portico of the Danaids in Rome, a portico Syrian Jew (pass you by); supply nec tē surrounding the temple of Apollo, to which praetereant from the line above; culta is Augustus’ house on the Palatine Hill was PPP colō, Iudaeō Syrō is abl. agent without attached preposition ā; Ovid refers to the Sabbath miserīs patruēlibus: for...; dat. ind. obj.; day, when Jews would convene to worship the Belides (usu. called the Danaids) were 77 fuge: addresses the reader 50 sisters whose father Danaus unwillingly līnigerae...iuvencae: i.e. Io, whom Jupiter married them to his brother’s 50 sons. On forced himself upon and turned into a cow their wedding night, 49 of the Danaids to hide from Juno. Their child, Epaphus, murdered their husbans, a crime for which married the Egyptian goddess Memphis. they were condemned to Tartarus. 78 multās (puellās): obj. of facit ausae (sunt): pf. pass. of semi-deponent, illa: i.e. Io translate as active, subject is Bēlīdēs (id) quod: (into that) which; i.e. a sexual 74 strictō...ēnse: abl. abs., PPP partner (or victim, from Io’s perspective); 75 praetereat: let...; jussive subj.; Ovid next missing antecedent is second obj. of facit suggests that his reader attend the Adonia, Iovī: to...; dat. of interest, from Iuppiter the festival in honor of Adonis, a beautiful 79 possit: deliberative subjunctive, possum, young hunter loved by Venus and killed translate as pres. indicative tragically by a wild boar amōrī: for...; dat. of purpose Venerī: by...; dative of agent after plōrātus 80 flamma...reperta (est): flamma refers to plōrātus: PPP, modifying Adōnis love via metonymy 76 cultaque…Syrō: (nor let) the in argūtō...forō
10 Ars Amatoria Liber I Where to Meet Women
quāque parāre necem miserīs patruēlibus ausae 73 subdita quā Veneris factō dē marmore templō 81 Bēlīdēs et strictō stat ferus ēnse pater. 74 Appias expressīs āera pulsat aquīs, 82 Nec tē praetereat Venerī plōrātus Adōnis, 75 illō saepe locō capitur cōnsultus Amōrī, 83 cultaque Iūdaeō septima sacra Syrō. 76 quīque aliīs cāvit, nōn cavet ipse sibi: 84 Nec fuge līnigerae Memphītica templa iuvencae: 77 illō saepe locō desunt sua verba disertō, 85 multās illa facit, quod fuit ipsa Iovī. 78 rēsque novae veniunt, causaque agenda sua est. 86 Et fora conveniunt (quis crēdere possit?) amōrī: 79 Hunc Venus ē templīs, quae sunt cōnfīnia, rīdet: 87 flammaque in argūtō saepe reperta forō: 80 quī modo patrōnus, nunc cupit esse cliēns. 88
Adōnis, -is m.: Adonis, 2 miser, -era, -erum: miserable, sad, lovesick, 2 āēr, āeris m.: air exprīmō, -ere, -pressī: force out; exhibit argūtus, -a, -um: full of bustle, noisy nex, necis f.: death, violent death, murder, 3 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 3 marmor, marmoris n.: marble, 3 audeō, -ēre, ausum: dare, venture, 2 parō (1): prepare, 4 Appias, -iadis f.: Appias (epithet of fountain patrōnus, -ī m.: patron Bēlīdēs, -um f.: grandaughters of Belus (and patruelis, -is m.: cousin (on father’s side) of Aqua Appia near temple of Venus) pulsō (1): strike against, knock, 2 daughters of Danaus, often called Danaids) plōrō (1): cry over, weep about, 2 cliēns, clientis m.: client, dependent rēs, reī f.: thing, matter, affair, 4 ēnsis, -is m.: sword praetereō, -īre, -īvī, -itum: go past, elude, 2 cōnfīnis, -e: bordering (dat) rīdeō, -ēre: laugh at, smile at, 2 ferus, -a, -um: wild; subst. wild beast, 4 reperiō -īre -pperī -pertum: find, discover, 2 cōnsultus, -ī m.: lawyer subdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: place beneath flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, 4 sacra, sacrōrum n.pl.: religious rites, 3 dēsum, -esse, -fuī: be lacking, fail (dat), 4 templum, -ī n.: temple, 4 forum, -ī n.: forum, 3 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2 disertus, -a, -um: eloquent, expressive, 3 Iūdaeus, -ī, m.: Jew, Jewish person stō, -āre, stetī: stand, stand still, 4 81 subdita quā: where...; quā is rel. adv., 86 causa: case iuvenca, -ae f.: young cow, heifer, 3 stringō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: draw, unsheathe subdita is PPP, modifying subj. Appias; agenda...est: must be pleaded; passive līniger, -a, -um: linen-wearing Syrus, -a, -um: Syrian, 2 the Appiades Fountain was located near periphrastic (gerundive + sum) Memphīticus, -a, -um: of Memphis (goddess) templum, -ī n.: temple, 4 the Temple of Venus Genetrix in the sua: his own; reflexive adj. 73 quāque: and where; rel. adv.; i.e. the seventh-day sacred rites celebrated by the Forum Iulium in Rome 87 hunc: i.e. the lawyer Portico of the Danaids in Rome, a portico Syrian Jew (pass you by); supply nec tē factō...templō: dat. with compound ē templīs: i.e. the Temple of Venus surrounding the temple of Apollo, to which praetereant from the line above; culta is subdita, PPP Genetrix Augustus’ house on the Palatine Hill was PPP colō, Iudaeō Syrō is abl. agent without dē marmore: from... 88 (is) quī (erat): (he) who...; antecedent is attached preposition ā; Ovid refers to the Sabbath 82 expressīs...aquīs: abl. means, PPP understood subj. of cupit miserīs patruēlibus: for...; dat. ind. obj.; day, when Jews would convene to worship 83 (in) illō...locō: abl. place where; i.e. the patrōnus: in ancient Rome, an upper class the Belides (usu. called the Danaids) were 77 fuge: addresses the reader Forum Iulium, where legal and business patron (such as Ovid’s hypothetical 50 sisters whose father Danaus unwillingly līnigerae...iuvencae: i.e. Io, whom Jupiter affairs were conducted lawyer) maintained a network of clients married them to his brother’s 50 sons. On forced himself upon and turned into a cow Amōrī: by...; dat. of agent who would perform favors for the patron their wedding night, 49 of the Danaids to hide from Juno. Their child, Epaphus, 84 quīque: and he who; rel. pron., antecedent in exchange for his services (e.g. legal murdered their husbans, a crime for which married the Egyptian goddess Memphis. ipse advice, financial support) they were condemned to Tartarus. 78 multās (puellās): obj. of facit aliīs: for...; dat. of interest cliēns: pred. nom. after esse; Ovid plays ausae (sunt): pf. pass. of semi-deponent, illa: i.e. Io (is) ipse: i.e. the lawyer on the notion of the patron-client translate as active, subject is Bēlīdēs (id) quod: (into that) which; i.e. a sexual sibi: for...; dat.of interest, reflexive pron. relationship, suggesting that this patron 74 strictō...ēnse: abl. abs., PPP partner (or victim, from Io’s perspective); 85 (in) illō...locō: i.e. Forum Iulium will ironically become a dependent 75 praetereat: let...; jussive subj.; Ovid next missing antecedent is second obj. of facit sua: his own, reflexive adj. “client” of a woman he has met in the suggests that his reader attend the Adonia, Iovī: to...; dat. of interest, from Iuppiter disertō (cōnsultō): the eloquent (lawyer); Forum Iulium because of his intense the festival in honor of Adonis, a beautiful 79 possit: deliberative subjunctive, possum, dat. of interest after desunt attraction to her young hunter loved by Venus and killed translate as pres. indicative tragically by a wild boar amōrī: for...; dat. of purpose Venerī: by...; dative of agent after plōrātus 80 flamma...reperta (est): flamma refers to plōrātus: PPP, modifying Adōnis love via metonymy 76 cultaque…Syrō: (nor let) the in argūtō...forō
10 11 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Sed tū praecipuē curvīs vēnāre theatrīs: 89 haec loca sunt vōtō fertiliōra tuō. 90 Illīc inveniēs quod amēs, quod lūdere possīs, 91 quodque semel tangās, quodque tenēre velīs. 92 Ut redit itque frequēns longum formīca per agmen, 93 grāniferō solitum cum vehit ōre cibum, 94 aut ut apēs saltūsque suōs et olentia nactae 95 pāscua per flōrēs et thyma summa volant, 96
agmen, agminis n.: column, troop, nanciscor, -ī, nactum: obtain, reach, find procession, 2 oleō, -ēre, -uī: be fragrant, smell of apis, -is f.: bee pāscuum, -ī n.: pasture cibus, -ī m.: food, 2 praecipuē: especially, 2 curvus, -a, -um: curved, bent, 3 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 2 fertilis, -e: fertile, fruitful, 2 saltus, -ūs m.: glade, forest-pasture, 2 flōs, floris m.: flower semel: once, 3 formīca, -ae f.: ant solitus, -a, -um: customary, usual grānifer, -fera, -ferum: grain-bearing summus, -a, -um: highest, top of, 2 illīc: there, in that place, 4 theātrum, -ī n.: theater, 4 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 4 thymum, -ī n.: thyme (herb) lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsum: play with, joke with, vehō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: convey, carry, 3 deceive, 2 vēnor, -ārī, venātum: hunt
89 (in) curvīs...theatrīs: Roman theaters 93 Ut: as…, just as…; ut + indic. clause of were semi-circular to improve the comparison acoustics frequēns: nom. adj. often translated like vēnāre: hunt!; sg. deponent imperative adv. in English 90 vōtō...tuō: for...; dative of interest longum: modifies agmen fertiliōra: comp. adj. 94 grāniferō...ōre: abl. means 91 inveniēs: fut. cum: when; temporal cum clause (id) quod amēs...possīs...tangās...velīs: 95 ut: as…, just as…; ut + indic. clause of (that) which you...; rel. clauses of comparison characteristc with pres. subj., translate as saltūsque suōs et olentia...pāscua: present indicative, antecedent is both...and...; joining acc. objects of nactae; understood obj. of inveniēs; Ovid olentia pres. act. participle “-ing” describes four different types of romantic nactae: deponent PPP, translate as active, encounters the reader might have in the modifies subj. apēs theater, some casual, some more serious
12 The Theater
sīc ruit ad celebrēs cultissima fēmina lūdōs: 97 cōpia iūdicium saepe morāta meum est. 98 Spectātum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae: 99 ille locus castī damna pudōris habet. 100 Prīmus sollicitōs fēcistī, Rōmule, lūdōs, 101 cum iūvit viduōs rapta Sabīna virōs. 102 Tunc neque marmoreō pendēbant vēla theātrō, 103 nec fuerant liquidō pulpita rubra crocō; 104
castus, -a, -um: chaste, 2 pendeō, -ēre: hang down, hang, 2 celeber -bris -bre: celebrated, crowded pulpitum, -ī n.: stage, platform cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops Rōmulus, -ī m.: Romulus crocus, i m.: saffron (~yellow colored) ruber, rubra, rubrum: red, reddened damnum, -ī n.: harm, loss, injury, 4 ruō, -ere, ruī: rush, 2 iūdicium, -iī n.: decision, judgment, opinion; Sabīnus, -a, -um: Sabine trial, 3 sollicitus, -a, -um: anxious, full of chaos, līquidus, -a, -um: liquid, flowing, clear stirred up, 2 lūdus, -ī m.: game, play, sport; school, 2 theātrum, -ī n.: theater, 4 marmor, marmoris n.: marble, 3 viduus, -a , -um: spouseless, deprived of a moror, -ārī, -ātum: delay, hinder, linger, 4 husband or wife
97 ad celebrēs...lūdōs: i.e. plays fēcistī: put on; pf. faciō cultissima: superl. adj. Rōmule: sg. voc. 98 cōpia: i.e. of women at the theater 102 cum: when; temporal cum clause morāta...est: pf. of deponent moror rapta Sabīna (puella): PPP 99 Spectātum: to see; acc. sg. supine 103 neque...nec...: neither...nor... expresses purpose, translate as an infinitive (in) marmoreō...theātrō spectentur ut ipsae: ut ipsae spectentur; so vela: either ‘curtains’ or, more likely a that...; purpose clause ‘canopy’ that would be raised to provide 101 sollicitōs...lūdōs: As there were no shade for the audience women among Rome’s earliest settlers and 104 fuerant: plpf. sum, pulpita is subj. Rome’s neighbors were unwilling to wed liquidō...crocō: abl. means; Romans misted their daughters to Romans, Romulus put the stage of the theater with a saffron on a festival to which he invited the perfume before performances to give the neighboring Sabine tribe. In the middle of space a fragrant smell a play, Roman men sprang up among the crowd of Sabine spectators and carried off the unmarried women to be their wives.
13 Ars Amatoria Liber I
illīc quās tulerant nemorōsa Palātia, frondēs 105 simpliciter positae, scēna sine arte fuit; 106 in gradibus sēdit populus dē caespite factīs, 107 quālibet hirsūtās fronde tegente comās. 108 Respiciunt, oculīsque notant sibi quisque puellam 109 quam velit, et tacitō pectore multa movent. 110 Dumque, rudem praebente modum tībīcine Tuscō, 111 lūdius aequātam ter pede pulsat humum, 112
aequō (1): make equal or level pulsō (1): strike against, knock, 2 caespes, -itis m.: sod (cut out), turf respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: look back, frons, frondis f.: leaf, foliage; garland, 4 look to, 3 gradus, -ūs m.: step, pace; stairs, 2 rudis, -e: simple, unsophisticated, 2 hirsūtus, -a, -um: shaggy, bristly, hairy scēna (scaena), -ae f.: backdrop; stage illīc: there, in that place, 4 simpliciter: simply, frankly lūdius, -iī m.: stage-player, pantomine tacitus, -a, -um: silent, still, 4 nemorōsus, -a, -um: woody, full of woods, 2 ter: thrice, 3 notō (1): to mark, observe, sign, censure tībīcen, tībīcinis m.: flute player Palātium, -iī n.: Palatine Hill Tuscus, -a, -um: Etruscan praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, offer, 4
105 illīc: i.e. in Romulus’ theater 109 sibi: for...; dat.of interest, reflexive pron. quās tulerant nemorōsa Palātia, quisque: each man; sg. subj. of pl. notant frondēs...: frondēs, quās nemorōsa Palātia 110 quam velit: rel. clauses of characteristc tulerant,...; translate poetic pl.Palātia as with pres. subj. volō sg.; tulerant is plpf. ferō (in) tacitō pectore 106 positae (sunt): subj. is frondēs multa: n. pl. substantive adj., add ‘things’ 107 in gradibus...factīs: PPP when translating dē caespite: from...; Ovid describes the movent: ponder; “move around” seats in the theater as having been carved 111 praebente...tībīcine Tuscō: abl. abs., out of the hillside surrounding the stage praebente is pres. act. pple. 108 quālibet...fronde tegente: abl. abs., modum: melody; obj. of praebente tegente is pres. act. pple., comās is obj. 112 aequātam: PPP, modifying humum
14 The Rape of the Sabines
in mediō plausū (plausūs tunc arte carēbant) 113 rēx populō praedae signa petīta dedit. 114 Prōtinus exiliunt, animum clāmōre fatentēs, 115 virginibus cupidās iniciuntque manūs. 116 Ut fugiunt aquilās, timidissima turba, columbae, 117 ut fugit invīsōs agna novella lupōs: 118 Sīc illae timuēre virōs sine mōre ruentēs; 119 cōnstitit in nūllā quī fuit ante color. 120
agna, -ae f.: lamb, sheep invideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum: hate aquila, -ae f.: eagle lupus, -ī m.: wolf careō, -ēre: be without, lack, abstain from, 4 novellus, -a, -um: new, young clāmor, clāmoris f.: cry, shout plausus, -ūs m.: applause, clapping, 2 color, colōris m.: color, 4 praeda, -ae f.: plunder (~cattle), spoils, 2 columba, -ae f.: dove (term of affection) prōtinus: immediately, forthwith; forward, 3 cōnsistō, -ere, -stitī: stand (still), remain rēx, rēgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 3 (firm), come to rest, stop, 3 ruō, -ere, ruī: rush, 2 cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 4 signum, -ī n.: sign, signal; standard, 3 exiliō, -īre, -siluī, -sultum: leap/spring out timidus, -a, -um: fearful, 3 fateor, -ērī, fassum: acknowledge, confess, 2 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, virgin, 4 iniciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw (acc) in or upon (dat)
113 plausūs: pl. nom. timidissima turba: in apposition to subj. arte: abl. separation with carēbant, translate columbae, timidissima is superl. adj. as obj. 118 ut: as…, just as…; ut + indic. clause of 114 populō: dat. ind. obj.; i.e. the Romans comparison praedae: for...; dat. of purpose invīsōs: PPP, modifying lupōs signa: likely inconspicuous “gestures” (e.g. 119 illae (puellae): i.e. the girls in the touching the nose) audience being abducted by the Romans petīta: PPP, modifying signa timuēr(unt): syncopated 3rd pl. pf. 115 animum: (their) intention sine mōre: i.e. wantonly, heedlessly, clāmōre: with...; abl. manner lawlessly fatentēs: pres. act. pple. fateor ruentēs: pres. act. pple., modifying virōs 116 virginibus: dat. with compound iniciunt, 120 in nūllā (puellā) becomes object of the prefix in- quī fuit ante: rel. clause, antecedent is 117 ut: as…, just as…; ut + indic. clause of color comparison ante: beforehand; adv.
15 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nam timor ūnus erat, faciēs nōn ūna timōris: 121 pars laniat crīnēs, pars sine mente sēdet; 122 altera maesta silet, frūstrā vocat altera mātrem: 123 haec queritur, stupet haec; haec manet, illa fugit; 124 ducuntur raptae, geniālis praeda, puellae, 125 et potuit multās ipse decēre timor. 126 Sī qua repugnārat nimium comitemque negābat, 127 sublātam cupidō vir tulit ipse sinū, 128
comes, -itis m./f.: companion, comrade, 3 praeda, -ae f.: plunder (~cattle), spoils, 2 crīnis, -is m.: hair queror, querī, questum: complain, lament, 2 cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 4 repugnō (1): fight (back), resist, oppose, 3 dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead (on), draw, 2 sileō, -ēre: stand still, be idle faciēs, faciēī f.: appearance, face, 4 sinus, -ūs m.: bay, gulf; bosom, lap, 2 frūstrā: in vain, for nothing stupeō, -ēre, -uī: be stunned, astounded geniālis, -e: nuptial, of a bride timor, -oris m.: fear, dread, 3 laniō (1): tear to pieces tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: lift up, remove; maestus, -a, -um: grief-stricken, gloomy, 2 raze, 3 maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 3 vocō (1): call, name; invite, summon, 3
121 faciēs nōn (erat): sg. nom.; i.e. all of the 126 potuit: pf. possum girls were afraid of the same thing, but the multās (puellās) fear manifested itself in various ways decēre: to grace, to make pretty 122 pars (puellārum)...pars (puellārum)...: 127 Sī (ali)qua (puella): if any girl; f. sg. one...another... nom. qua is alternate form for quae and mente: understanding becomes indefinite after sī 123 altera...altera...: one...the another... repugnā(ve)rat: syncopated 3rd sg. plpf. 124 haec (puella)...haec (puella)...haec nimium: excessively; adv. (puella)...illa (puella) 128 sublātam (puellam): PPP ferō 125 raptae...puellae: PPP (in) cupidō...sinū geniālis praeda: in apposition to puellae tulit: pf. of ferō
16 Ars Amatoria Liber I The Rape of the Sabines
Nam timor ūnus erat, faciēs nōn ūna timōris: 121 atque ita ‘quid tenerōs lacrimīs corrumpis ocellōs? 129 pars laniat crīnēs, pars sine mente sēdet; 122 Quod mātrī pater est, hoc tibi’ dīxit ‘erō.’ 130 altera maesta silet, frūstrā vocat altera mātrem: 123 Rōmule, militibus scīstī dare commoda sōlus: 131 haec queritur, stupet haec; haec manet, illa fugit; 124 haec mihi sī dederīs commoda, mīles erō. 132 ducuntur raptae, geniālis praeda, puellae, 125 Scīlicet ex illō sollemnia mōre theātra 133 et potuit multās ipse decēre timor. 126 nunc quoque fōrmōsīs īnsidiōsa manent. 134 Sī qua repugnārat nimium comitemque negābat, 127 Nec tē nōbilium fugiat certāmen equōrum; 135 sublātam cupidō vir tulit ipse sinū, 128 multa capax populī commoda Circus habet. 136
comes, -itis m./f.: companion, comrade, 3 praeda, -ae f.: plunder (~cattle), spoils, 2 capāx, -ācis: spacious, able to contain maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 3 crīnis, -is m.: hair queror, querī, questum: complain, lament, 2 much/many (gen.) mīles, mīlitis m.: soldier, 4 cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 4 repugnō (1): fight (back), resist, oppose, 3 certāmen, -minis n.: contest, competion, 2 nōbilis, -e: noble dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductum: lead (on), draw, 2 sileō, -ēre: stand still, be idle circus, -ī m.: racetrack, 3 ocellus, -ī m.: little eye faciēs, faciēī f.: appearance, face, 4 sinus, -ūs m.: bay, gulf; bosom, lap, 2 commodum, -ī n.: benefit, reward, 2 Rōmulus, -ī m.: Romulus frūstrā: in vain, for nothing stupeō, -ēre, -uī: be stunned, astounded corrumpō, -ēre, -rūpī, -ruptum: ruin, bribe, scīlicet: of course, no doubt, 2 geniālis, -e: nuptial, of a bride timor, -oris m.: fear, dread, 3 seduce, 3 sciō, -īre, -īvī. -ītum: know, understand, 3 laniō (1): tear to pieces tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: lift up, remove; fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, attractive, 4 sollemnis, -e: sollemn maestus, -a, -um: grief-stricken, gloomy, 2 raze, 3 īnsidiōsus, -a, -um: treacherous, deceitful sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 4 maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 3 vocō (1): call, name; invite, summon, 3 ita: so, thus, 2 theātrum, -ī n.: theater, 4
121 faciēs nōn (erat): sg. nom.; i.e. all of the 126 potuit: pf. possum 129 quid: why fut. in apodosis, translate dederis as present girls were afraid of the same thing, but the multās (puellās) 130 Quod: what (lit. which); rel. pron., hoc is in English, erō as fut. sum fear manifested itself in various ways decēre: to grace, to make pretty antecent mīles: sg. nom. 122 pars (puellārum)...pars (puellārum)...: 127 Sī (ali)qua (puella): if any girl; f. sg. matrī, tibi: to...; dat. of interest 133 ex illō...mōre: because of... one...another... nom. qua is alternate form for quae and hoc: this; n. sg. pred. nom. after erō 134 fōrmōsīs (puellīs): for...; dat. of interest mente: understanding becomes indefinite after sī erō: fut. sum īnsidiōsa: pred. nom. after manent 123 altera...altera...: one...the another... repugnā(ve)rat: syncopated 3rd sg. plpf. 131 Rōmule: sg. voc. 135 nōbilium...equōrum 124 haec (puella)...haec (puella)...haec nimium: excessively; adv. scī(vi)stī: syncopated 2nd sg. pf. fugiat: let...; jussive subj. (puella)...illa (puella) 128 sublātam (puellam): PPP ferō dare: comp. inf. after scīstī, scīre + inf. = 136 populī: sg. partitive gen. after capax 125 raptae...puellae: PPP (in) cupidō...sinū know how to... Circus: the Circus Maximus, a large geniālis praeda: in apposition to puellae tulit: pf. of ferō (tū) sōlus racetrack in ancient Rome that hosted 132 haec...commoda chariot races sī dederīs...erō: if you...I will...; fut. more vivid condition with fut. pf. in protasis and
16 17 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nīl opus est digitīs, per quōs arcāna loquāris, 137 nec tibi per nūtūs accipienda nota est: 138 proximus ā dominā, nūllō prohibente, sedētō, 139 iunge tuum laterī quā potes usque latus; 140 et bene, quod cōgit, sī nōlīs, līnea iungī, 141 quod tibi tangenda est lēge puella locī. 142 Hīc tibi quaerātur sociī sermōnis orīgō, 143 et moveant prīmōs pūblica verba sonōs. 144
accipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: receive, 2 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 3 arcānum, -ī n.: secret pūblicus, -a, -um: public, common, of the lēx, lēgis f.: law, regulation, decree, 2 people, 2 līnea, -ae f.: barrier, boundary-rope, line sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, diction, nihil (nil): nothing; not at all, 4 speech, 3 nota, -ae f.: mark, sign; gesture; remark, 3 socius, -a, -um: friendly, allied, shared, 3 nūtus, -ūs m.: a nod sonus, -ī m.: sound, 2 orīgō, orīginis f.: beginning, origin usque: up to, until; continuously, all the way, prohibeō, -ēre, -hibuī: hold back, hinder 3
137 Nīl opus est: there is no need for; quā... ūsque: as far as (lit. up to where); idiomatic usage, takes abl. object digitīs; relative adv. Ovid explains that there is no need for 141 et (iungēs) bene: and (you will join) well subtlety when carrying on an affair at the quod cōgit (tē et puellam)...līnea iungī: Circus because...; līnea is subj. of cōgit, iungī is loquaris: you may...; relative clause of pass. inf.; the rope sectioning off groups of characteristic with pres. subj. of deponent seats in the Circus might force the reader to loquor sit closer to the girl he admires 138 tibi: by...; dat. of agent with passive sī nōlīs: (even) if...; pres. subj. nolō, a periphrastic subordinate verb in acc. + inf. construction accipienda...est: must...be recieved; passive becomes subjunctive, translate as indicative periphrastic (gerundive + sum), subject is 142 quod: because nota tibi: by...; dat. of agent with passive 139 proximus ā dominā: next to... (lit. periphrastic closest from the…); adj. proximus tangenda est: must be...; passive sometimes takes prep. ā/ab + abl. periphrastic (gerundive + sum), subj. is nūllō (virō) prohibente: abl. abs., pres. act. puella pple. lēge...locī: because of...; lēge is abl. of sedētō: sg. fut. imperative, translate as pres. cause with gen. locī imperative 143 tibi: by...; dat. of agent 140 tuum...latus: obj. of iunge quaerātur: let...be...; jussive subj. laterī: to (her)...; dat. ind. obj. 144 moveant: let...produce; jussive subj. pūblica verba: i.e. trivial remarks
18 Chariot Races
Cuius equī veniant, facitō, studiōse, requīrās: 145 nec mora, quisquis erit, cui favet illa, favē. 146 At cum pompa frequēns caelestibus ībit eburnīs, 147 tū Venerī dominae plaude favente manū; 148 utque fit, in gremium pulvis sī forte puellae 149 dēciderit, digitīs excutiendus erit: 150 etsī nūllus erit pulvis, tamen excute nūllum: 151 quaelibet officiō causa sit apta tuō. 152
caelestis, -is m./f.: god, divinity plaudō, -ere, -sī, -sum: applaud, pat, clap, 3 dēcidō, -ere, -cidī: fall, fall down pompa, -ae f.: procession, parade eburnus, -a, -um: of ivory pulvis, pulveris m.: dust, 2 etsī: even if, although, though quisquis, quicquid: whoever, whatever, 4 gremium, -iī n.: lap, bosom requīrō, -ere: seek out, ask about, inquire mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 4 studiōsus, -a, -um: eager, enthustiastic officium, -iī n.: duty, service, 3
145 Cuius equī veniant: whose...; gen. sg. favente manū: with...; abl. manner, favente interrogative pronoun introduces indirect is pres. act. pple. question 149 utque: and as; clause of comparison facitō (ut) requīrās: see to it (that)…; fut. sī...dēciderit...excutiendus erit: fut. more imperative faciō governs a noun result vivid condition with fut. pf. in protasis and clause with pres. subj. fut. in apodosis, translate dēciderit as studiōse: sg. voc. direct address present, pulvis is subj. of both verbs 146 nec (sit) mora: nor (let there be)...; forte: by chance supply jussive subj. sit 150 digitīs (tuīs) erit: fut. sum; Ovid instructs the reader to excutiendus erit: must be...; passive root for whatever charioteer his girl favors periphrastic (gerundive + fut. of sum) (eī) cui: (the one) whom…; relative clause, 151 nūllum (pulverem): i.e. the nonexistant the missing antecedent eī is dat. ind. obj. of dust; Ovid suggests that the reader should favē, the pronoun cui is dat. ind. obj. of come up with a pretext to get close to the favet girl by pretending to brush dust from her illa (puella) skirt, even if none is present. This is the first 147 cum: when; temporal cum clause in a series of carefully calculated “favors” caelestibus...eburnīs: statues of the gods that Ovid proposes his reader perform for were paraded around as part of the opening the girl. ceremony before the chariot races 152 quaelibet...causa commenced officiō...tuō: for...; dat. of purpose ībit: fut. eō sit: let...; jussive subj. sum 148 Venerī dominae: for...; dat. of interest after plaude
19 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Pallia sī terrā nimium dēmissa iacēbunt, 153 collige, et inmundā sēdulus effer humō; 154 prōtinus, officiī pretium, patiente puellā 155 contingent oculīs crūra videnda tuīs. 156 Respice praetereā, post vōs quīcumque sedēbit, 157 nē premat oppositō mollia terga genū. 158 Parva levēs capiunt animōs: fuit ūtile multīs 159 pulvīnum facilī composuisse manū. 160
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctum: collect, gather parvus, -a, -um: small, little, 2 compōnō, -ere, -posuī: arrange; collect post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 2 contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tactum: touch, reach, praetereā: besides, in addition happen, befall, 3 pretium, -iī n.: price crūs, crūris n.: leg, 2 prōtinus: immediately, forthwith; forward, 3 dēmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: send down, pulvīnus, -ī m.: cushion, back-cushion, pillow drop quīcumque, quae-, quod-: whosoever, ēfferō, -ere, -tulī, -lātum: carry out, lift whichsoever, 4 genu, -ūs n.: knee, 2 respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: look back, iaceō, -ēre, -uī: lie (down) look to, 3 inmundus, -a, -um: not clean, unclean sēdulus, -a, -um: diligent, assiduous, 2 officium, -iī n.: duty, service, 3 terra, -ae f.: land, earth, 2 oppositus, -a, -um: placed against, opposing ūtilis, -e: useful, effective, 3 pallium, -iī n.: small (Greek) mantle/cloak vōs, vestrī, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs: you (all), 3
153 (in) terrā videnda: about to..., worthy to...; gerundive dēmissa: PPP, modifies pallia (fut. pass. pple.) 154 collige (pallia) 157 post vōs quīcumque sedēbit: rel. clause (ex) inmundā...humō: humō is a rare and subject of premat example of a 2nd decl. fem. noun 158 nē premat: lest he...; neg. purpose clause sēdulus: nom. adj. often translated like adv. mollia terga: (her)...; poetic pl., translate as in English sg. effer (palla): sg. imperative of irregular genū: sg. abl. ēfferō 159 Parva: little things, small gestures; n. pl. 155 officiī pretium: as the...; in apposition to nom. substantive adj. contingent...tuīs fuit ūtile: (it) has been effective...; subj. is patiente puellā: abl. abs., pres. act. pple. of composuisse pulvīnum facilī manū deponent patior multīs (virīs): for...; dat. of interest 156 contingent: will touch on, will meet with; 160 facilī...manū: sg. abl. of manner fut., crūra is subj. composuisse: to have arranged; pf. act. inf. oculīs...tuīs: dat. with compound contingent, becomes object of the prefix con- in the compound verb
20 The Arena
Prōfuit et tenuī ventōs mōvisse tabellā, 161 et cava sub tenerum scamna dedisse pedem. 162 Hōs aditūs Circusque novō praebēbit amōrī, 163 sparsaque sollicitō trīstis harēna forō. 164 Illā saepe puer Veneris pugnāvit harēnā, 165 et quī spectāvit vulnera, vulnus habet. 166 Dum loquitur tangitque manum poscitque libellum 167 et quaerit positō pignore, vincat uter, 168
aditus, -ūs m.: approach, access, 3 prōsum, -esse: profit, be beneficial, 3 cavus, -a, -um: hollow; rounded, 4 pugnō (1): fight, 4 circus, -ī m.: racetrack, 3 scamnum, -ī n.: footstool, stool forum, -ī n.: forum, 3 sollicitus, -a, -um: anxious, full of chaos, libellus, -ī m.: little book stirred up, 2 pignus, pignoris n.: bet, wager; pledge tabella, -ae f.: tablet, small painting, 4 poscō, -ere, popōscī: ask, demand, 4 uter, utra, utrum: which (of two) praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, offer, 4 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 4
161 Prōfuit et: and it...; impersonal 165 (in) Illā...harēnā: Ovid has switched tenuī...tabellā: abl. means; Ovid suggests from discussing the Circus and its chariot the reader fan his girl races to the arena and its gladiatorial mōvisse: to…; pf. act. inf.; logical subject combat of prōfuit puer Veneris: i.e. Cupid 162 cava...scamna: poetic pl., translate as sg. 166 (is) quī: (he) who; antecedent is sub tenerum...pedem understood subj. of habet dedisse: to…; pf. act. inf.; logical subject of vulnus: i.e. an emotional wound; sg. acc. prōfuit obj. of habet 163 aditūs: pl. acc. 167 loquitur tangitque...poscit...quaerit: Circusque...sparsaque...trīstis harēna: subj. is the hypothetical spectator from the both...and...; joining subjects of praebēbit, previous line sparsa is PPP spargō libellum: program; i.e. a leaflet detailing 164 (in) sollicitō...forō: gladiatorial games the schedule of events for the day were often held in temporary structures 168 positō pignore: abl. abs., PPP ponō erected in open spaces such as the Roman vincat uter: uter vincat; pres. subj. in Forum. Seating was built for spectators, and indirect question after quaerit, translate as sand was scattered on the ground to soak up indicative the blood spilled during the games.
21 Ars Amatoria Liber I
saucius ingemuit tēlumque volātile sēnsit, 169 et pars spectātī mūneris ipse fuit. 170 Quid, modo cum bellī nāvālis imāgine Caesar 171 Persīdās indūxit Cēcropiāsque ratēs? 172 Nempe ab utrōque marī iuvenēs, ab utrōque puellae 173 vēnēre, atque ingēns orbis in urbe fuit. 174 Quis nōn invēnit turbā, quod amāret, in illā? 175 Ēheu, quam multōs advena torsit amor! 176
advena, -ae m.: stranger mare, maris n.: sea, 2 bellum, -ī n.: war, 3 nāvālis, -e: naval, nautical, of a ship Caesar, -aris m.: Caesar, 4 nempe: of course, certainly Cēcropius, -a, -um: Cecropian (Athenian) orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrārum, world, 4 ēheu: alas Persis, -idis (f. adj.): Persian, 2 imāgō, imāginis f.: image, imitation saucius, -a, -um: wounded, tipsy, drunk, 2 indūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum: lead in tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 4 ingemēscō, -ere, -muī: groan, sigh torqueō, -ēre, torsī, tortum: twist, torment, 2 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 2 urbs, urbis f.: city, 4 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 4 volātilis, -e: flying; winged
169 ingemuit, sēnsit: subj. is the spectator; (fought in 480 BC between Greece and the Ovid metaphorically describes a Persian Empire during the Persian Wars) hypothetical spectator being stricken with was reenacted on a manmade lake on the love in the same way that the gladiators right bank of the Tiber for the entertainment performing in the spectacle he is witnessing of huge crowds of spectators as part of the are struck by real weapons festivities celebrating the dedication of the 170 spectātī mūneris: of the spectacle having Temple of Mars Ultor. been watched; partitive genitive, PPP; while 173 ab utrōque marī...ab utrōque (marī): mūnus often means “service” it occasionally from each...from each...; i.e. from all around means “spectacle,” because public officials the world paid for these games as a “service” or 174 vēnēr(unt), syncopated 3rd pl. pf. “duty” of political office orbis (terrārum): the world (lit. the circle ipse: subj. of fuit, pars is predicate nom. of lands); idiomatic usage 171 Quid, modo cum...: What (about) when 175 invēnit: pf. recently..., How (about) when recently...; turbā...in illā: in illā turbā introduces temporal cum clause (id) quod amāret: what... (lit. that (in) bellī nāvālis imāgine: in an imitation which...); relative clause of characteristic of... with impf. subj., missing antecedent id is 172 Persīdās...Cēcropiāsque ratēs: Ovid object of invēnit refers to a naumachia staged by Augustus in 178 quam multōs (virōs): how...! 2 BC, in which the naval Battle of Salamis advena: in apposition to amor
22 Parthia
Ecce, parat Caesar domitō quod dēfuit orbī 177 addere: nunc, oriēns ultime, noster eris. 178 Parthe, dabis poenās: Crassī gaudēte sepultī, 179 signaque barbaricās nōn bene passa manūs. 180 Ultor adest, prīmīsque ducem profitētur in annīs, 181 bellaque nōn puerō tractat agenda puer. 182 Parcite nātālēs timidī numerāre deōrum: 183 Caesaribus virtūs contigit ante diem. 184
barbaricus, -a, -um: barbarian, foreign parcō, -ere, pepercī: spare, refrain from (dat bellum, -ī n.: war, 3 or inf), 2 Caesar, -aris m.: Caesar, 4 parō (1): prepare, 4 contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tactum: touch, reach, poena, -ae f.: punishment, 2 happen, befall, 3 profiteor, -ērī, professum: declare, 2 Crassus, ī m.: Crassus sepeliō, -īre, -īvī, sepultum: bury dēsum, -esse, -fuī: be lacking, fail (dat), 4 signum, -ī n.: sign, signal; standard, 3 domō, -ere, -uī, -itum: tame, conquer timidus, -a, -um: fearful, 3 nātālis, -e: birth; + diēs, birthday, 4 tractō (1): handle, manage; haul, drag numerō (1): count ultimus, -a, -um: farthest, last orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrārum, world, 4 ultor, ultōris m.: avenger, 2 oriēns, orientis m.: the rising sun; the East virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood
177 parat Caesar...addere: Ovid suggests 180 signa...passa: O (you) standards…; pl. Augustus was planning to deal militarily voc., PPP deponent patior, translate as with Rome’s longstanding rival Parthia in active; signa refers to the eagle standards the East. Rome negotiated a temporary carried by the aquilifer (eagle-bearer) in compromise with Parthia in 1 AD, but the each legion. Several standards were lost to dispute over influence in the East continued. the eneny in Crassus’ failed invasion of domitō...orbī (terrārum): to...; dat. with Parthia, a nearly unbearable humiliation. compound addere, PPP barbaricās...manūs (id) quod dēfuit: that which...; missing 181 Ultor: i.e. Augustus’ biological grandson antecedent id is obj. of addere and adopted son, Gaius Caesar, whom he 178 oriēns ultime: sg. voc. sent to negotiate with Parthia in 1 BC 179 Parthe: sg. voc.; Ovid addresses a prīmīs...in annīs: i.e. at a young age generic, unspecified Parthian man (sē) ducem profitētur: he declares himself dabis poenās: poenās dare is an idiom for a...; double accusative “to pay the penalty” 182 nōn puerō...agenda: not to be led by a Crassī...sepultī: pl. voc.; Crassus (of the 1st boy; gerundive governing dat. of agent Triumvirate) was governor of Syria after his puer: (he) as a boy; in apposition to consulship in 55 BC. Seeking military glory understood subject of tractat and wealth, Crassus invaded nearby Parthia 183 numerāre: from counting; inf. w/ parcite with 7 legions. The Parthians soundly nātālēs (diēs)...deōrum: Ovid compares defeated the Romans in 53 BC at the Battle Gaius to a god, gifted even at a young age of Carrhae. The 20,000 Roman casualties timidī: pl. voc. adj., translate as adverb included Crassus and his son. 184 Caesaribus: the Caesars; dat. of interest gaudēte: pl. imperative; w/ Crassī, signa ante diem: before (their) day
23 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Ingenium caeleste suīs vēlōcius annīs 185 surgit, et ignāvae fert male damna morae. 186 Parvus erat, manibusque duōs Tīrynthius anguēs 187 pressit, et in cūnīs iam Iove dignus erat. 188 Nunc quoque quī puer es, quantus tum, Bacche, fuistī, 189 cum timuit thyrsōs India vīcta tuōs? 190 Auspiciīs annīsque patris, puer, arma movēbis, 191 et vincēs annīs auspiciīsque patris: 192
anguis, -is m./f.: serpent, snake India, -ae f.: India auspicium, -ī n.: auspices, bird-signs, 2 ingenium, -iī n.: character, talent, intellect Bacchus, -ī m.: Bacchus, 4 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 4 caelestis, -e: celestial, heavenly parvus, -a, -um: small, little, 2 cūnae, -ārum f.: crib quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 damnum, -ī n.: harm, loss, injury, 4 thyrsus, -ī m.: stalk; thysus (a staff entwined dignus, -a, -um: worthy (of), deserving (abl), with ivy leaves carried by bacchants) 3 Tīrynthius, -iī m.: Tirynthian, of Tiryns duo, duae, duo: two, 2 (home town of Heracles) ignāvus, -a, -um: inactive, lazy vēlōx (vēlōcis): quick, swift, 2
185 suīs...annīs: than...; abl. comparison after Bacche: sg. voc. vēlōcius, suīs is reflexive adj.; Ovid 190 cum: when; temporal cum clause suggests that, for the Caesars, greatness thyrsōs...tuōs: Bacchus, along with his comes at an early age and does not like to attendant throng of satyrs and female wait worshipers (bacchantes), carried a symbolic vēlōcius: comparative adv. staff called the thyrsus, wrapped in ivy and 186 male: adv. topped with a pinecone 187 (Cum) Parvus erat: (When) he...; i.e. India vīcta: PPP vincō; Bacchus, driven Hercules, the subject of all three verbs. mad by Juno, was said to have gone on a Upset that her husband Jove’s infidelity had series of wanderings throughout Asia. produced the baby Hercules, Juno sent a During this period, he visited India, pair of snakes to attack the infant. Hercules, conquering any who opposed him and however, was endowed with superhuman introducing the people there to his worhip strength, and strangled a snake in each and to the art of winemaking. hand. 191 Auspiciīs annīsque patris: i.e. the Tīrynthius: the Tirynthian; i.e. Hercules authority and experience of Augustus; abl. 188 Iove: abl. of Iūppiter means; taking the auspices refers to the 189 (tū) quī prophetic art of observing the flight of birds quantus tum...fuistī: how great...?; fuistī is for good or bad omens, which were thought pf. sum; Ovid gives another example of to indicate whether or not the gods favored someone achieving greatness at a young an undertaking, such as a war age. Bacchus, the god of wine and revelry puer: sg. voc.; Ovid has returned to and another illegitimate son of Jove, was addressing Gaius Caesar, adopted son of envisioned as an effeminate youth by the Augustus Romans. 192 vincēs: fut.
24 Parthia
tāle rudīmentum tantō sub nōmine dēbēs, 193 nunc iuvenum prīnceps, deinde futūre senum; 194 cum tibi sint frātrēs, frātrēs ulcīscere laesōs: 195 cumque pater tibi sit, iūra tuēre patris. 196 Induit arma tibī genitor patriaeque tuusque: 197 hostis ab invītō rēgna parente rapit; 198 tū pia tēla ferēs, scelerātās ille sagittās: 199 stābit prō signīs iūsque piumque tuīs. 200
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, debitum: ought; owe, 3 prīncēps, -cipis m.: leader; foremost deinde: then, thereupon, 3 prō: before, in front of, for (abl) frāter, -tris m.: brother, 4 rēgnum, -ī n.: kingdom, realm, power, 2 genitor, -ōris m.: begettor, father rudīmentum, -ī n.: first attempt, beginning hostis, -is m./f.: enemy, 4 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow induō, -ere, induī, indūtum: put (acc) on scelerātus, -a, -um: wicked; profane (dat) senex, senis m.: old man; adj. old, 3 invītus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 signum, -ī n.: sign, signal; standard, 3 iūs, iūris n.: justice, law, right, 2 stō, -āre, stetī: stand, stand still, 4 parēns, -rentis m.: parent, ancestor tālis, -e: such, 2 patria, -ae f.: country tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 4 pium, -iī n.: equity, piety, righteousness tueor, tuērī: look (over), guard, 3 pius, -a, -um: dutiful, pious ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultum: avenge, 2
193 tāle rudīmentum: i.e. of Gaius’ military ulcīscere: sg. deponent imperative advance against Parthia; this advance was 196 cumque: and since; see above less forceful than Ovid suggests, as a war pater: i.e. Augustus, Gaius’ adoptive father; was ultimately prevented by Gaius’ the Senate bestowed the honorific title of successful negotiations with King Phraates “Pater Patriae” upon Augustus in 2 BC. V of Parthia Ovid alludes to this below by referring to tantō sub nōmine: i.e. the name of Caesar Augustus as “genitor patriae.” 194 prīnceps: sg. voc.; Ovid alludes to the tibi sit: see above the honorific title of “prīnceps iuvenūtis,” tuēre: sg. deponent imperative given to Gaius by the Senate in 5 BC 197 tibi: i.e. Gaius; dat. with compound futūre (prīnceps) senum: (o you) about induit, becomes obj. of the prefix in- to...; sg. voc. fut. act. pple. sum; Augustus patriaeque tuusque: both...and...; joining intended to make Gaius his heir and, gen. of possession and possessive adj. therefore, the second emperor of Rome, but 198 hostis: sg. nom.; i.e. Phraates V, who Gaius died in 4 AD after suffering a wound became king after his mother poisoned his during his command in the East father Phraates IV to secure her son’s rule 195 cum: since; cum causal clause with pres. ab invītō...parente: from...; i.e. Phraates IV subj. sint from sum 199 ferēs: fut. ferō sint tibi: dat. of possession ille (feret): i.e. King Phraates V frātrēs..laesōs: PPP laedō; the meaning is 200 prō signīs...tuīs: before...; signīs refers to unclear, but fratrēs may refer to Gaius’ the Roman legions’ standards Roman countrymen slain by the Parthians in iūsque...piumque: both...and...; joining earlier conflicts in the East compound subject of singular stābit
25 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Vincuntur causā Parthī: vincantur et armīs; 201 Ēōās Latiō dux meus addat opēs. 202 Marsque pater Caesarque pater, date nūmen euntī: 203 nam deus ē vōbīs alter es, alter eris. 204 Auguror, ēn, vincēs; vōtīvaque carmina reddam, 205 et magnō nōbīs ōre sonandus eris. 206 Cōnsistēs, aciemque meīs hortābere verbīs; 207 Ō dēsint animīs nē mea verba tuīs! 208
aciēs, -ēī f.: battle line, edge (of blade) Latium, -iī n.: Latium auguror, -ārī, -ātum: predict, prophesy, play Mārs, Mārtis m.: Mars, 4 the role of augur nūmen, -inis n.: divine will, approval; god, 3 Caesar, -aris m.: Caesar, 4 Ō: O!, Oh!, 2 carmen, carminis n.: song, 3 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, deliver, cōnsistō, -ere, -stitī: stand (still), remain recite, 3 (firm), come to rest, stop, 3 sonō, -ere, -uī: sound, celebrate (in speech), dēsum, -esse, -fuī: be lacking, fail (dat), 4 echo, 2 ēn: Behold!, Look!, 2 vōs, vestrī, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs: you (all), 3 Eōus, -a, -um: eastern; of the dawn vōtīvus, -a, -um: votive, of a vow/prayer hortor, -ārī, hortātum: encourage, urge
201 causā: in...; abl. respect Augustus, respectively. This is an example vincantur: let...; jussive subj. of literary apostrophe, in which the poet et: also turns away from his audience to address an armīs: in...; abl. respect absent person or object. 202 Latiō: to…; dat. with compound addat; eris (deus): as Ovid anticipates, Augustus Latium refers to the region of Italy where was deified after his death, as Julius Caesar Rome was located had been dux meus: i.e. Gaius Caesar 205 vincēs: fut.; subj. is once again Gaius addat: let...; jussive subj. Caesar 203 Marsque pater Caesarque pater: reddam: fut. both...and...; joining sg. voc. direct 206 magnō...ōre: with...; abl. manner addresses; Mars, as the father of Romulus nōbīs: by...; dat. of agent with passive and Remus, was considered to be the divine periphrastic, Ovid uses the poetic plural to ancestor of the Roman people. Caesar here refer to himself, translate as singular refers to Augustus. sonandus eris: will have to be...; passive (eī) eunti: to (him)...; sg. dat. ind. obj. and periphrastic (gerundive + fut. of sum) pres. act. pple. eō; Ovid is requesting that 207 Cōnsistēs: fut. both Mars and Augustus support Gaius on hortāber(is): fut. pass. of deponent hortor his mission to Parthia 208 dēsint...nē: may...not...!; optative 204 ē vōbīs: (out) of... subjunctive (subjunctive of wish) from alter...alter...: one (of you)...the other (of dēsum, subj. is mea verba you)...; nom. subj. referring to Mars and animīs...tuīs: dat. of interest
26 Parthia
Tergaque Parthōrum Rōmānaque pectora dīcam, 209 tēlaque, ab āversō quae iacit hostis equō. 210 Quī fugis ut vincās, quid vīctō, Parthe, relinquis? 211 Parthe, malum iam nunc Mārs tuus ōmen habet. 212 Ergō erit illa diēs, quā tū, pulcherrime rērum, 213 quattuor in niveīs aureus ībis equīs. 214 Ībunt ante ducēs onerātī colla catēnīs, 215 nē possint tūtī, quā prius, esse fugā. 216
aureus, -a, -um: golden, gold, 2 ōmen, ōminis n.: omen āvertō, -ere, -vertī: turn aside or away onerō (1): to weigh down, load, burden, 2 catēna, -ae f.: chain, shackle, fetter pulcher, -chra, -chrum: pretty, beautiful collum, -ī n. neck, 2 quattuor: four fūga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 2 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 3 hostis, -is m./f.: enemy, 4 rēs, reī f.: thing, matter, affair, 4 iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactum: throw, cast, 2 Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 2 Mārs, Mārtis m.: Mars, 4 tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 4 niveus, -a, -um: snowy, snow-white
209 tergaque Parthōroum Rōmānaque pulcherrime (omnium) rērum: sg. voc. pectora...tēlaque: both...and...and...; Ovid superlative adj. referring to Gaius, rērum is contrasts the cowardice of the Parthians and pl. partitive genitive the bravery of the Romans 214 quattuor in niveīs...equīs: in quattuor dīcam: fut. niveīs equīs; Ovid is imagining Gaius 210 ab āversō...equō: from...; PPP; the celebrating a triumph after his future victory Parthians employed archers on horseback over the Parthians. During a triumph, the who were famous for a tactic called the victorious general and his soldiers Parthian shot, in which the horseman would processed through the city of Rome with the appear to be riding away from the action of spoils of war amidst crowds of spectators. the battle but would turn his upper body ībis: fut. eō back around to shoot arrows at the enemy 215 Ībunt: fut. eō 211 (tū) Quī ante: first (lit. beforehand); adv. ut vincās: so that...; purpose clause onerātī: PPP; foreign leaders in chains were quid...relinquis?: Ovid asks a rhetorical forced to walk at the forefront of triumphal question in which he wonders what processions and were jeered at by the crowd baseness the Parthians will sink to in defeat of spectators if they are willing to use the somewhat colla: on (their)..., in respect to (their)...; ignoble tactic of fleeing in battle in an acc. of respect attempt to win 216 nē possint: lest they..., so that (tibi ipsō) vīctō: for (yourself)...; dat. of they...not...; negative purpose clause with interest and PPP vincō pres. subj. possum 212 Mārs: war, fighting; metonymy (the tūtī: pl. predicate nom. after esse substitution of a related term in place of the quā (erant tūtī) prius: in what way…; name of something) relative adv. 213 quā: on which; abl. time when fugā: in..., by...; abl. means
27 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Spectābunt laetī iuvenēs mixtaeque puellae, 217 diffundetque animōs omnibus ista diēs. 218 Atque aliqua ex illīs cum regum nōmina quaeret, 219 quae loca, quī montēs, quaeve ferantur aquae, 220 omnia respondē, nec tantum sī qua rogābit; 221 et quae nescierīs, ut bene nōta refer. 222 Hīc est Euphrātēs, praecīnctus harundine frontem: 223 cui coma dēpendet caerula, Tīgris erit. 224
caerulus, -a, -um: sky blue, blue mons, montis m.: mountain, mount dēpendeō, -ēre, -pendī: hang down nesciō, -īre, - īvī (-iī): not know diffundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum: relax, cheer up praecingō, -ere, -cinxī, -cinctum: encircle Euphrātēs, -is m.: Euphrates river respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -nsum: answer frōns, frontis f.: forehead, brow, 4 rēx, rēgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 3 harundō, -inis f.: reed, rod Tīgris, -idis m.: Tigris river, 2 laetus, -a, -um: happy, joyful, glad, 4 ve: or, either…or, 3 misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtum: mix (in), mingle, 3
217 mixtae: PPP misceō; Ovid returns to his tantum: only; adv. acc.; Ovid suggests that theme, explaining that the triumph will the reader can impress the girl by provide an excellent opportunity for the volunteering his “knowledge” of everything reader to meet and impress a girl that appears in the procession, even when 218 diffundet: fut.; Ovid uses the future and she has not asked about it future perfect tenses repeatedly throughout sī (ali)qua (puella): f. sg. nom. qua is this section to describe hypothetical future alternate form for quae and becomes events and how the reader must conduct indefinite after sī himself during them 222 (ea) quae: (the things) which; rel. pron., omnibus: of…; dat. of possession or missing antecedent ea is obj. of refer interest nescierīs: fut. pf., translate as present (with 219 aliqua (puella): f. sg. nom. aliqua is future sense understood) alternate form for aliquae ut bene nōta (sunt): as if...; clause of ex illīs (puellīs) comparison, nōscō cum: when...; temporal cum clause refer: sg. imperative referō quaeret: fut. 223 Euphrātēs: Ovid refers to the river god 220 quae loca, quī montēs, quaeve...aquae: depicted in a triumphal painting significant geographical features in the praecīnctus: PPP conquered territory were “carried” as part of frontem: on (his)..., in respect to (his)...; the triumph in the form of triumphal acc. of respect paintings depicting impressive landmarks 224 (is) cui: (the one) whose; dat. of such as rivers and mountains possession or interest ferantur: pres. subj. ferō in indirect Tīgris: Ovid refers to the river god depicted question; translate as indicative in a triumphal painting 221 omnia: i.e. of these questions
28 The Triumphal Procession
Hōs facitō Armeniōs; haec est Danaēïa Persis: 225 urbs in Achaemeniīs vallibus ista fuit. 226 Ille vel ille, ducēs; et erunt quae nōmina dicās, 227 sī poteris, vērē, sī minus, apta tamen. 228 Dant etiam positīs aditum convīvia mēnsīs: 229 est aliquid praeter vīna, quod inde petās. 230 Saepe illīc positī tenerīs adducta lacertīs 231 purpureus Bacchī cornua pressit Amor: 232
Achaemenius -a -um: Achaemenid/Persian inde: from there, then, afterward, 3 addūcō, -ere, -duxī, -ductum: lead to, in lacertus, -ī m.: arm, upper arm aditus, -ūs m.: approach, access, 3 mēnsa, -ae f.: table, 4 Armenius, -a, -um: Armenian minor, minus: smaller, less, 3 Bacchus, -ī m.: Bacchus, 4 Persis, -idis (f. adj.): Persian, 2 convīvium, -iī n.: banquet, feast praeter: except, besides (acc) cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 4 purpureus, -a, -um: purple, dark red, 2 Danaēïa, -ae f.: descendent of Danaë urbs, urbis f.: city, 4 etiam: also, even, besides, 3 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 4 illīc: there, in that place, 4 vel: or, either…or
225 facitō: call (x) (y); fut. imperative faciō 229 positīs...mēnsīs: abl. abs., PPP ponō; with double acc. (obj. and pred.); Ovid moving on from the subject of triumphs, continues to instruct the reader to assign Ovid discusses the opportunities that dinner names (arbitrarily, if necessary) to what he parties offer lovers sees in the triumphal procession 230 quod inde petās: which...; rel. clause of Danaēia Persis: Danae, daughter of King characteristic, pres. subj. Acrisius of Argos, bore the hero Perseus, 231 Saepe...Amor: Often there, dark red the gorgon-slayer, after Jove visited her in Amor grasps the horns, drawn up to the form of a golden rain and impregnated (Amor’s) tender arms, of Bacchus, served her. Greek mythology suggests an ancestral up (on the table) connection between Perseus and the positī: served up (lit. placed); ” PPP ponō Persians, although the etymology of the modifying Bacchī word “Persia” is likely unrelated. tenerīs...lacertīs: to...; dat. with compound 227 Ille vel ille (erunt) ducēs adducta erunt (illīs): there will be (for them); note adducta: drawn up close (lit. lead in); PPP, Ovid’s continued use of the future tense modifying cornua quae nōmina dicās: what...; rel. clause of 232 purpureus...Amor: Amor here is both characteristic the youthful winged god embracing the 228 sī poteris: i.e. if the reader happens to horns of the god Bacchus but also, by know the proper names of the ducēs metonymy, the feeling of desire vērē (dīc): (speak)...; adv. Bacchī cornua: obj. of pressit; the god sī minus (poteris): (but) if…; minus is Bacchus was often depicted with horns. comp. adv. Here, Bacchus is both the god and also, by apta tamen (nōmina dīc): (say)...; i.e. the metonymy, wine, hence positī in ln. 231. reader should make up believable names for pressit: grasps (lit. holds in check) the ducēs if he does not know their real ones
29 Ars Amatoria Liber I
vīnaque cum bibulās sparsēre Cupīdinis ālās, 233 permanet et captō stat gravis ille locō. 234 Ille quidem pennās vēlōciter excutit ūdās: 235 sed tamen et spargī pectus amōre nocet. 236 Vīna parant animōs faciuntque calōribus aptōs: 237 cūra fugit multō dīluiturque merō. 238 Tunc veniunt rīsūs, tum pauper cornua sūmit, 239 tum dolor et cūrae rūgaque frontis abit. 240
abeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum: go away, depart, 4 parō (1): prepare, 4 āla, -ae f.: wing, 2 pauper (pauperis): poor bibulus, -a, -um: drinking up or absorbing penna, -ae f.: wing (moisture), moistened permaneō, -ēre: remain, persist calor, calōris m.: heat, warmth rīsus, -ūs m.: laughter cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 4 rūga, -ae f.: wrinkle, crease of the face Cupido, Cupīdinis m.: Cupid, 2 stō, -āre, stetī: stand, stand still, 4 dīluō, -ere: wash away, dilute ūdus, -a, -um: wet, damp, moist, 2 frōns, frontis f.: forehead, brow, 4 vēlōx (vēlōcis): quick, swift, 2 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 2
233 cum... sparsēr(unt): temporal cum spargī…amore: to…; pres. pass. inf., subj. clause, syncopated 3rd pl. pf of nocet Cupīdinis: Cupid is another name for the pectus: in (his)..., in respect to (his)...; acc. god Amor mentioned in ln. 232 of respect 234 (in) captō...locō: PPP capiō, meaning 237 faciunt (animōs)...aptōs: vb. governs “occupy” in reference to places double acc. (obj. and pred.) gravis ille: i.e. because of his wine-soaked calōribus: for...; dat. of purpose after aptōs wings; Ovid is allegorically describing an 239 rīsūs: (opportunities for)...; pl. nom. air of amorousness taking hold of the guests pauper (vir) cornua sūmit: i.e. he at a dinner party after they have enjoyed a becomes bolder than he normally is certain amount of wine 240 dolor et cūrae rūgaque: compound 235 vēlōciter: adv. subject of singular abit 236 et: even
30 Dinner Parties, Part I
Tunc aperit mentēs aevō rārissima nostrō 241 simplicitās, artēs excutiente deō. 242 Illīc saepe animōs iuvenum rapuēre puellae, 243 et Venus in vīnīs ignis in igne fuit. 244 Hīc tū fallācī nimium nē crēde lucernae: 245 iūdiciō fōrmae noxque merumque nocent. 246 Lūce deās caelōque Paris spectāvit apertō, 247 cum dīxit Venerī ‘vincis utramque, Venus.’ 248
aevum, -ī n.: age, eternity lucerna, -ae f.: lamp, oil-lamp aperiō, -īre, -uī, -ertum: open, disclose, 2 lūx, lūcis m.: light, day, 2 caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 nox, noctis f.: night, 3 fallāx (fallācis): deceitful, treacherous, 3 Paris, Paridis m.: Paris (of Troy) ignis, -is m.: fire, 3 rārus, -a, -um: rare; scattered, far apart illīc: there, in that place, 4 simplicitās, -tātis f.: simplicity, frankness, iūdicium, -iī n.: decision, judgment, opinion; honesty trial, 3
241 aevō nostrō: in...; abl. time when, take suggests that the reader avoid judging the after rārissima attractiveness of a woman when he is under rārissima: superl. adj. the influence of wine and in a room with 242 artēs: tricks, pretenses; obj. of excutiente dim lighting excutiente deō: abl. abs., pres. act. pple.; formae: i.e. the figure of a potential lover; Ovid is suggesting that, under the influence objective gen. of Bacchus (i.e. wine), banqueters are apt to noxque merumque: both...and...; joining display their true feelings compound subject of nocent 243 rapuēr(unt): syncopated 3rd pl. pf., 247 Lūce: at..., in...; abl. time when translate as a present perfect (have -ed) (in) caelōque apertō: PPP 244 ignis in igne: pred. nom. after fuit; Ovid deās: specifically, Venus, Juno, and suggests that the combination of love and Minerva. Paris, prince of Troy, was asked to wine produces fiery passion settle a dispute over which of these three 245 tū: sg. voc. goddesses was the fairest. This was part of fallācī...lucernae: dat. obj. of crēde the series of events that led up to the Trojan nimium: adv. acc. War (see note ln. 54). nē crēde: don’t...; negative sg. imperative 248 cum: temporal cum clause 246 iūdiciō: dat. ind. obj. of nocent; Ovid utramque: i.e. Juno and Minerva
31 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nocte latent mendae, vitiōque ignōscitur omnī, 249 hōraque fōrmōsam quamlibet illa facit. 250 Cōnsule dē gemmīs, dē tinctā mūrice lānā, 251 cōnsule dē faciē corporibusque diem. 252 Quid tibi fēmineōs coetūs vēnātibus aptōs 253 ēnumerem? numerō cēdet harēna meō. 254 Quid referam Bāiās, praetextaque lītora vēlīs, 255 et quae dē calidō sulpure fūmat aqua? 256
Baiae, -ārum f.: Baiae lāna, -ae f.: wool, working in wool, 2 calidus, -a, -um: hot, hot water lateō, -ēre, -uī: lie hidden, 4 cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum: yield (to), give way lītus, lītoris n.: shore, beach, 2 (to), withdraw (dat.), 3 menda, -ae f.: fault, blemish coētus, -ūs m.: gathering, meeting mūrex, mūricis m.: purple (dye from murex cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -ltum: consider, consult shell) ēnumerō (1): count up or out, enumerate nox, noctis f.: night, 3 faciēs, faciēī f.: appearance, face, 4 numerus, -ī m.: number, measure; group, 2 fēmineus, -a, -um: feminine, womanly, 2 praetextus, -a, -um: bordered fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, attractive, 4 sulpur, -uris n.: sulfur fūmō (1): smoke, steam tingō, -ere, tinxī, tinctum: dye, stain, tinge gemma, -ae f.: gem vēnātus, -ūs m.: hunting hōra, -ae f.: hour vitium, -iī n.: fault, vice, crime ignōscō, -ere, īgnōvī, īgnōtum: forgive (dat), 2
249 Nocte: at...; abl. time when vēnātibus: for...; dat. of purpose after aptōs vitiōque ignōscitur omnī: (forgiveness) is 254 ēnumerem: should...; deliberative subj. given to... (lit. it is forgiven to...); numerō...meō: dat. after cēdet impersonal verb + dat. ind. obj. cēdet harēna: fut; i.e. there will be more 250 facit: governs double accusative (obj. occasions suitable for picking up girls than quamlibet and pred. fōrmōsam) there are grains of sand 251 Cōnsule...cōnsule...diem: use diem as 255 Quid: why obj. of both verbs; Ovid instructs the reader referam: should...; deliberative subj. to wait until daylight to determine whether a Bāiās: about Baiae; obj. of referam; Baiae woman appears wealthy and attractive was an ancient Roman resort town on the dē tinctā mūrice lānā: PPP; as the purple northwest part of the Bay of Naples. It was dye obtained from the murex was extremely frequented by the wealthy and was costly, possessing wool garments colored notorious for catering to the multifarious with purple was an indication of wealth vices of its visitors. 252 corporibus: poetic pl., translate as sg. 256 et quae...aqua: and what water...; rel. 253 Quid: why clause is the third obj. of referam tibi: for...; dat. of interest
32 Vacation Spots
Hinc aliquis vulnus referēns in pectore dīxit 257 ‘Nōn haec, ut fāma est, unda salūbris erat.’ 258 Ecce suburbanae templum nemorāle Diānae 259 partaque per gladiōs rēgna nocente manū: 260 illa, quod est virgō, quod tēla Cupīdinis ōdit, 261 multa dedit populō vulnera, multa dabit. 262 Hāctenus, unde legās quod amēs, ubi rētia pōnās, 263 praecipit imparibus vecta Thalēa rotīs. 264
Cupido, Cupīdinis m.: Cupid, 2 rēgnum, -ī n.: kingdom, realm, power, 2 fāma, -ae f.: report, rumor, reputation, 2 rēte, rētis n.: net, trap, 3 gladius, -iī m.: sword rota, -ae f.: wheel, 2 hāctenus: thus far salūbris, -e: healthy hinc: from this place, hence, 2 suburbānus, -a, -um: near the city, suburban impār (imparis): unequal tēlum, -ī n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 4 nemorālis, -e: sylvan, near a grove, near a templum, -ī n.: temple, 4 wood Thalēa, -ae f.: Thalia (muse of comedy and ōdī, -isse: hate, 3 poetry) pariō, -ere, peperī, partum: acquire, bring unde: whence, from where forth, 2 vehō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: convey, carry, 3 praecipiō, -ere, -cēpī: take before; instruct, virgō, virginis f.: maiden, virgin, 4 inform
257 Hinc: i.e. from Baiae; modifies referēns 262 multa (vulnera) dabit: i.e. Diana, a vulnus...in pectore: i.e. heartache virgin goddess, rebuffs her many potential 258 haec...unda: i.e. the Bay of Naples suitors because she does not wish to take a ut fāma est: as rumor has it (lit. as is the lover rumor); clause of comparison 263 legās: you should...; pres. subj. in indirect 259 suburbanae templum nemorāle deliberative question, take this clause after Diānae: Ovid refers to the temple of Diana praecipit Nemorensis located southeast of Rome near (id) quod amēs: what... (lit. that which...); Lake Nemi in Aricia. The shady groves and relative clause of characteristic, missing pristine lake made this area popular among antecedent id is object of legās wealthy Romans seeking a pleasant getaway pōnās: you should...; pres. subj. in indirect from Rome during the summer. deliberative question, take this clause after 260 parta: PPP praecipit regna: kingship; poetic pl.; the temple of 264 praecipit (tē) Diana Nemorensis was presided over by a imparibus...rotīs: abl. means; Ovid priest called the rex Nemorensis. The priest metaphorically compares the muse Thalia was required to be a runaway slave and was riding in her chariot with unequal wheels to said to obtain the position of rex by the poem itself, which is written in elegiac defeating his predecessor in a fight to the meter, the couplets of which are unequal, as death. the first line is written in hexameter and the nocente manū: abl. means, pres. act. pple. second in pentameter 261 illa: i.e. Diana vecta: PPP quod..., quod...: because..., because...
33 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nunc tibi, quae placuit, quās sit capienda per artēs, 265 dīcere praecipuae mōlior artis opus. 266 Quisquis ubīque, virī, docilēs advertite mentēs, 267 pollicitīsque favēns, vulgus, adeste meīs. 268 Prīma tuae mentī veniat fīdūcia, cūnctās 269 posse capī; capiēs, tū modo tende plagās. 270 Vēre prius volucrēs taceant, aestāte cicadae, 271 Maenalius leporī det sua terga canis, 272
advertō, -ere, -vertī: turn to plaga, -ae f.: hunting net, trap aestās, aestātis f.: summer pollicitum, -ī n.: promise, pledge, 4 canis, -is m/f.: dog, 2 praecipuus, -a, -um: special cicada, -ae f.: cicada quisquis, quidquid: whoever, whatever, 4 cūnctus, -a, -um: all, entire, whole, 3 taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: be silent, 2 docilis, -e: easily taught, docile tendō, -ere, tendī, tentum: stretch, strive, fīdūcia, -ae f.: confidence, reliance, trust, 2 spread, 2 lepus, leporis m.: rabbit, hare ubīque: everywhere Maenalius, -a, -um: Maenalian (mtn. in the vēr, vēris f.: spring central Greek Peloponnesus) volucris, -is f.: bird, bird of prey mōlior, -īrī, -ītum: endeavor, set in motion vulgus, -ī n.: common people, masses
265 Nunc: having spent the first third of his tuae mentī: to...; dat. of interest poem explaining where to find and attract veniat: let...; jussive subj. girls, Ovid moves on to explain how the cūnctās (puellās) posse capī: (namely) that reader can win over the one girl he favors all...; indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) in tibi: i.o. of dīcere; take tibi...dīcere... mōlior apposition to fīdūcia, capī is pres. pass. before quae...artēs comp. infinitive quae...artēs: per quās artēs (puella), quae 270 capiēs (puellam): fut. (tibi) placuit, capienda sit modo: just; adv. sit capienda: must be...; passive tende plagās: Ovid metaphorically likens periphrastic (gerundive + pres. subj. sum) in chasing a girl to hunting a wild animal indirect question, understood “puella” is 271 vēre, aestāte: in...; abl. time when subj. of sit capienda and antecedent of quae prius…quam…repugnet: sooner… placuit than…; temporal clause with pres. subj. of 266 praecipuae...artis opus: opus praecipuae anticipation artis; in apposition to quae...artēs taceant: would...; pres. potential 267 Quisquis (es): antecedent is pl. virī subjunctive docilēs advertite mentēs: i.e. pay attention! aestāte cicadae (taceant) 268 pollicitīs...meīs: dat. ind. obj. after favēns 272 Maenalius...canis: i.e. a hunting dog, favēns: pres. act. pple. modifying vulgus bred around Mt. Maenalion in Arcadia vulgus, adeste: sg. voc. collective noun det sua terga: would...; i.e. run away; pres. followed by pl. imperative adeste from potential subjunctive, sua terga is poetic pl., adsum translate as sg. 269 prīma: first of all; nom. adj. often translated like adv. in English
34 Approaching Women
fēmina quam iuvenī blandē temptāta repugnet: 273 haec quoque, quam poteris crēdere nōlle, volet. 274 Utque virō fūrtīva vēnus, sīc grāta puellae: 275 vir male dissimulat: tectius illa cupit. 276 Conveniat maribus, nē quam nōs ante rogēmus, 277 fēmina iam partēs victa rogantis agat. 278 Mollibus in prātīs admūgit fēmina taurō: 279 fēmina cornipedī semper adhinnit equō. 280
adhinniō, -īre: neigh (at) mās, maris m.: man admūgiō, -īre: moo (at) prātum, -ī n.: meadow, grass, 2 cornipēs (cornipedis): hornfooted, horned repugnō (1): fight (back), resist, oppose, 3 dissimulō (1): dissemble, conceal, 2 tectus, -a, -um: covered, secret, guarded fūrtīvus, -a, -um: stolen
273 iuvenī: dat. with compound repugnet condition with pres. subj. in protasis and blandē: adv. modifying temptāta apodosis temptāta: approached (lit. tried); PPP maribus: dat. of interest, from mās repugnet: would...; pres. subj. (see note ln. nē…nos...rogēmus: that we not…; pres. 271), fēmina is subject subj. in indirect command 274 haec (fēmina) (ali)quam (fēminam): any (woman); quam: whom; rel. pron. quam becomes indefinite after nē nōlle: i.e. to be unwilling to accept the ante: adv. reader’s advances 278 partēs…agat: would play the part; volet: fut. volō idiomatic usage 275 Utque…sīc: and just as…so…; victa: PPP vincō correlatives, clause of comparison rogantis: of the one...; sg. gen. pres. act. virō fūrtīva vēnus (est grāta): vēnus refers pple. to sex via metonymy, virō is dat. of 279 Mollibus: modifies prātīs reference fēmina: the female sīc (fūrtīva vēnus est) grāta puellae: taurō: at..., for...; dat. with compound puellae is dat. of reference admūgit; becomes object of the prefix ad- 276 male: adv. 280 fēmina: the female tectius: comp. adv. cornipedī...equō: at..., for...; dat. with 277 (Sī) conveniat…agat: (if) it should compound adhinnit; becomes object of the suit…, would play…; future less vivid prefix ad-
35 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Parcior in nōbīs nec tam furiōsa libīdō: 281 lēgitimum fīnem flamma virīlis habet. 282 Byblida quid referam, vetitō quae frātris amōre 283 ārsit et est laqueō fortiter ulta nefās? 284 Myrrha patrem, sed nōn quā fīlia dēbet, amāvit, 285 et nunc obductō cortice pressa latet: 286 illīus lacrimīs, quās arbore fundit odōrā, 287 unguimur, et dominae nōmina gutta tenet. 288
arbor, -oris f.: tree, 2 lateō, -ēre, -uī: lie hidden, 4 ardeō, -ēre, ārsī, arsum: be on fire, burn lēgitimus, -a, -um: lawful, perscribed Byblis, -idis f.: Bibylis libīdō, libidinis f.: passion, desire, lust, 2 cortex, corticis m.: bark Myrrha, -ae f.: Myrrha dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, debitum: ought; owe, 3 nefās: unrighteous; sin, impiety, 2 fīlia, -ae f.: daughter, 2 obdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus: draw in, draw fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory over flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, 4 odōrus, -a, -um: fragrant, scented fortis, -e: strong, brave, 2 parcus, -a, -um: frugal, restrained, sparing frāter, -tris m.: brother, 4 tam: so, so much, to such an extent, 3 fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsum: pour, shed ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultum: avenge, 2 furiōsus, -a, -um: furious, full of madness unguō, -ere, ūnxī, ūnctum: anoint gutta, -ae f.: drop (of liquid) vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitum: forbid laqueus, -ī m.: noose, 2 virīlis, -e: manly, of a man
281 Parcior: comp. adj. Cyprus, Myrrha fell desperately in love in nōbīs: i.e. men with her father. Coming to him in the dark libīdō (est): Ovid follows up his assertion of night so as not to reveal her identity, she in this line with several mythological slept with him. Eventually, Cinyras found examples of women destroyed by lust out what had happened, and chased his 282 flamma: a metaphorical flame, daughter from Cyprus. The pregnant suggesting romantic desire Myrrha wandered alone in agony for 9 283 Byblida: Greek sg. acc.; Byblis, months, was transformed into a myrrh tree overcome with a passionate love of her own by the gods, and the baby Adonis burst brother Caunus, revealed her feeling to him from her trunk. in a letter, threatening to kill herself if her quā: in which (way); relative adv. desire were not satisfied. Caunus, horrified, nōn…dēbet (patrem amāre) fled his homeland, and Byblis hung herself 286 obductō cortice: abl. abs., PPP out of shame. pressa: PPP premō, modifies subj. of latet quid: why 287 illīus: i.e. Myrrha; sg. gen. referam: should...; deliberative subj. lacrimīs: myrrh, the resin that comes from vetitō...amōre: with...; abl. manner, PPP the myrrh tree, is fragrant, and was used as frātris: for...; objective gen. a perfume 284 est...ulta: pf. of deponent ulcīscor (ex) arbore...odōrā fortiter: adv. 288 nōmina: poetic pl., translate as sg.; Ovid nefās: sg. acc. direct obj.; indeclinable noun remarks that myrrh is named after Myrrha 285 Myrrha: the daughter of King Cinyras of
36 Pasiphae and the Bull
Forte sub umbrōsīs nemorōsae vallibus Īdae 289 candidus, armentī glōria, taurus erat, 290 signātus tenuī media inter cornua nigrō: 291 ūna fuit lābēs, cētera lactis erant. 292 Illum Cnōsiadēsque Cydōnēaeque iuvencae 293 optārunt tergō sustinuisse suō. 294 Pāsiphaē fierī gaudēbat adultera taurī; 295 invida fōrmōsās ōderat illa bovēs. 296
adultera, -ae f.: adulteress, mistress iuvenca, -ae f.: young cow, heifer, 3 armentum, -ī n.: herd, 3 lābēs, -is f.: spot, mark, stain, 2 bōs, bovis m./f.: cow, ox, bull, 4 lac, lactis n.: milk candidus, -a, -um: white, bright white, 3 nemorōsus, -a, -um: woody, full of woods, 2 cēterī, -ae, -a: other, remaining, rest, 3 niger, nigra, nigrum: black; subst. a black Cnōsiās (Cnōsis), -iādis (f. adj.): Cnossian, spot, 3 of Cnossus (Knossus, Crete), 3 ōdī, -isse: hate, 3 cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 4 optō (1): wish for, desire, 2 Cydōnēus, -a, -um: Cydonian/Cretan Pāsiphaē, -ēs f.: Pasiphae, 2 fōrmōsus, -a, -um: shapely, attractive, 4 signō (1): mark (out), designate, 2 glōria, -ae f.: glory sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, support, Īda, -ae f.: Mt. Ida (in Crete) 3 inter: between, among (acc), 2 umbrōsus, -a, -um: shady, full of shade invidus, -a, -um: envious, hating vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 4
289 forte: by chance; as a third mythological 293 Illum: i.e. the white bull; obj. of illustration of feminine passion, Ovid here sustinuisse begins a lengthy treatment of the story of Cnōsiadēsque Cydōnēaeque iuvencae: Pasiphae, the queen of Crete who was both...and...; Cnossus and Cydonia were cursed by Neptune to fall in love with a cities on the island of Crete, home of King white bull. The union of Pasiphae and the Minos and Queen Pasiphae bull produced the Minotaur. 294 optā(vē)runt: syncopated 3rd pl. pf. sub umbrōsīs...vallibus (in) tergō...suō: on their...; Ovid suggests 290 armentī glōria: in apposition to that all the heifers are eager to mate with candidus...taurus this attractive white bull 291 signātus: PPP sustinuisse: pf. act. inf. tenuī...nigrō: abl. means 295 Pāsiphaē: Greek sg. nom. media inter cornua: in the middle of... fierī: pres. inf. fiō 292 cētera: i.e. of its body adultera: predicate nom. after fierī lactis: milky-white (lit. of milk); sg. gen. of 296 ōderat: plpf. in form, translate as pf. quality as a predicate
37 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nōta canō: nōn hoc, centum quae sustinet urbēs, 297 quamvīs sit mendax, Crēta negāre potest. 298 Ipsa novās frondēs et prāta tenerrima taurō 299 fertur inadsuētā subsecuisse manū. 300 It comes armentīs, nec itūram cūra morātur 301 coniugis, et Mīnōs ā bove victus erat. 302 Quō tibi, Pāsiphaē, pretiōsās sūmere vestēs? 303 Ille tuus nūllās sentit adulter opēs. 304
adulter, -erī m.: adulterer, illicit lover, 2 moror, -ārī, -ātum: delay, hinder, linger, 4 armentum, -ī n.: herd, 3 nōtus, -a, -um: well-known, familiar, 3 bōs, bovis m./f.: cow, ox, bull, 4 Pāsiphaē, -ēs f.: Pasiphae, 2 canō, -ere: sing (about), 4 prātum, -ī n.: meadow, grass, 2 centum: hundred pretiōsus, -a, -um: expensive, costly comes, -itis m./f.: companion, comrade, 3 quamvīs: however much (you wish), coniūnx, -iūgis m/f: husband, wife, spouse, 2 although, 2 Crēta, -ae f.: Crete subsecō, -ere, -uī: harvest, pare, cut under frons, frondis f.: leaf, foliage; garland, 4 sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold up, support, inadsuetus, -a, -um: unaccustomed, unusual 3 mendax (mendācis): false, lying, subst. liar, 2 urbs, urbis f.: city, 4 Mīnōs, -ōis m.: Minos, King Minos, 2 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 2
297 Nōta: n. pl. substantive adj., add ‘things’ subsecuisse: pf. act. inf. when translating 301 comes: as a... hoc: obj. of negāre armentīs: to...; dat. of interest quae: rel. pron., antecedent is Crēta (eam) itūram: (her) about to...; fut. act. 298 sit: she may...; subjunctive in concessive pple. from eō clause after quamvīs 302 coniugis: for...; objective gen. mendax: Ovid echoes the sentiment of Mīnōs: sg. nom.; King Minos of Crete, Epimenides of Cnossus, a 6th century BC husband of Pasiphae philosopher from Crete, who famously 303 Quō (usuī est) tibi: What (use is it) to stated that Cretans are liars you...?; double dative (quō usuī is dat. of 299 Ipsa: i.e. Pasiphae purpose, tibi is dat. of interest) with missing tenerrima: superl. -er adj. linking verb taurō: for...; dat. of interest Pāsiphaē: sg. voc. 300 fertur: is said
38 Pasiphae and the Bull
Quid tibi cum speculō, montāna armenta petentī? 305 Quid totiēns positās fingis, inepta, comās? 306 Crēde tamen speculō, quod tē negat esse iuvencam. 307 Quam cuperēs frontī cornua nāta tuae! 308 Sīve placet Mīnōs, nūllus quaerātur adulter: 309 sīve virum māvīs fallere, falle virō! 310 In nemus et saltūs thalamō rēgīna relictō 311 fertur, ut Āoniō concita Baccha deō. 312
adulter, -erī m.: adulterer, illicit lover, 2 mālō, mālle, māluī: prefer Āonius, -a, -um: Aonian, Boeotian (Boeotia is Mīnōs, -ōis m.: Minos, King Minos, 2 the region where Bacchus was born) montānus, -a, -um: of the mountain armentum, -ī n.: herd, 3 nāscor, nāscī, nātum: be born, spring forth, 3 Baccha, -ae f.: Bacchante, 3 nemus, nemoris n.: grove, wood concieō, -cīre, -cīvī, -citum: rouse, incite rēgīna, -ae f.: queen cornū, -ūs n.: horn, 4 relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 3 fingō, -ere, finxī, fictum: make up, imagine, saltus, -ūs m.: glade, forest-pasture, 2 handle, 4 speculum, -ī n.: mirror, 2 frōns, frontis f.: forehead, brow, 4 thalamus, -ī m.: bedroom, chamber, 2 ineptus, -a, -um: foolish, silly; inept totiēns: so many times, so often, 3 iuvenca, -ae f.: young cow, heifer, 3
305 Quid (est) tibi cum speculō: What placet (tibi) (concern) do you have with a mirror? (lit. Mīnōs: sg. nom. What (is there) to you with a mirror?) tibi is quaerātur (ā tē): should...; jussive dat. of interest or possession subjunctive petentī: pres. act. pple., modifying tibi 310 virum: i.e. Minos 306 Quid: why? māvīs: pres. indic. mālō positās: put in place, set in order; PPP ponō falle (eum) inepta: sg. voc. virō: with...; abl. means 307 speculō: dat. obj. of crēde 311 thalamō...relictō: abl. abs., PPP relinquō tē...esse iuvencam: that...; indirect 312 ut: just as; clause of comparison discourse (acc. + inf.) after negat (ab) Āoniō...deō 308 Quam: How!; interrogative adv. concita Baccha: PPP concieō; Bacchantes, introducing an exclamation the female followers of Bacchus, engaged in cuperēs: you would...; potential subjunctive ecstatic worship of the god, dressing in frontī...tuae: on... (lit. for...); dat. of interest animal skins, dancing wildly, and drinking nāta: deponent PPP wine 309 Sīve...sīve...: if...or if....
39 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Ā, quotiēns vaccam vultū spectāvit inīquō, 313 et dīxit ‘dominō cūr placet ista meō? 314 Aspice, ut ante ipsum tenerīs exultet in herbīs: 315 nec dubitō, quīn sē stulta decēre putet.’ 316 Dīxit, et ingentī iamdūdum dē grege dūcī 317 iussit et inmeritam sub iuga curva trahī, 318 aut cadere ante ārās commentaque sacra coēgit, 319 et tenuit laetā paelicis exta manū. 320
ā: ah!, 2 inīquus, -a, -um: unfair, unkind, hostile āra, -ae f.: altar inmeritus, -a, -um: undeserving, unjust, 2 aspiciō, -ere, -spexī: look at, 2 iugum, -ī n.: yoke, (mountain) range commentus, -a, -um: contrived, fabricated laetus, -a, -um: happy, joyful, glad, 4 cūr: why?, 3 paelix, paelicis f.: mistress (here, cows), 3 curvus, -a, -um: curved, bent, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that dominus, -ī m.: master, owner, 2 quotiēns: how often, as many as, as often as, 3 dubitō (1): waver, hestitate, be in doubt, 3 sacrum, -ī n.: sacred thing, sacrifice, religious exta, -ōrum n.: vital organs, 2 rites (pl.), 3 exultō (1): jump about, exult stultus, -a, -um: foolish, stupid, 3 grex, gregis m.: flock, herd, 3 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 3 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass vacca, -ae f.: cow, 2 iamdūdum: immediately, at once vultus, -ūs m.: countenance, face, 3 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 2
313 vultū...inīquō: with...; abl. manner iuga curva: poetic pl., translate as sg. 314 dominō...meō: dat. obj. of placet 319 (vaccam) cadere...coēgit: acc. + inf. 315 ut...exultet: how...; indirect command, ut after coēgit, pf. cōgō is an interrogative adv. ante ārās commentaque sacra: Pasiphae tenerīs: modifies herbīs comes up with a pretext to have the 316 quīn...stulta (vacca)...putet: but that...; attractive cow sacrificed to eliminate any quīn + subjunctive follows negative verbs of competition for the attention of the white doubting, delaying, or hindering bull sē...decēre: that...; indirect discourse (acc. + 320 laetā...manū: in..., with...; abl. means; inf.) after putet laetā is a transferred epithet, as it should 317 ingentī: modifies grege modify the subject and be translated as (vaccam) dūcī iussit: acc. + pass. inf. after ‘happily’ but here modifies manū iussit, pf. iubeō 318 et (eam) inmeritam...trahī: acc. + pass. inf. after iussit, pf. iubeō
40 Ars Amatoria Liber I Pasiphae and the Bull
Ā, quotiēns vaccam vultū spectāvit inīquō, 313 Paelicibus quotiēns plācāvit nūmina caesīs, 321 et dīxit ‘dominō cūr placet ista meō? 314 atque ait, exta tenēns ‘īte, placēte meō!’ 322 Aspice, ut ante ipsum tenerīs exultet in herbīs: 315 Et modo sē Eurōpen fierī, modo postulat Iō, 323 nec dubitō, quīn sē stulta decēre putet.’ 316 altera quod bōs est, altera vecta bove. 324 Dīxit, et ingentī iamdūdum dē grege dūcī 317 Hanc tamen implēvit, vaccā dēceptus acernā, 325 iussit et inmeritam sub iuga curva trahī, 318 dux gregis, et partū prōditus auctor erat. 326 aut cadere ante ārās commentaque sacra coēgit, 319 Crēssa Thyestēō sī sē abstinuisset amōre 327 et tenuit laetā paelicis exta manū. 320 (et quantum est ūnō posse carēre virō?), 328
ā: ah!, 2 inīquus, -a, -um: unfair, unkind, hostile abstineō, -ēre, -uī: hold back, refrain, 4 Iō, Iōnis f.: Io (turned into cow by Jove) āra, -ae f.: altar inmeritus, -a, -um: undeserving, unjust, 2 acernus, -a, -um: of maple wood nūmen, -inis n.: divine will, approval; god, 3 aspiciō, -ere, -spexī: look at, 2 iugum, -ī n.: yoke, (mountain) range aiō: to say, affirm, say yes, 3 paelix, paelicis f.: mistress (here, cows), 3 commentus, -a, -um: contrived, fabricated laetus, -a, -um: happy, joyful, glad, 4 auctor, auctōris m.: agent, founder, father, 4 partus, -ūs m.: offspring cūr: why?, 3 paelix, paelicis f.: mistress (here, cows), 3 bōs, bovis m./f.: cow, ox, bull, 4 plācō (1): to placate, soothe curvus, -a, -um: curved, bent, 3 quīn: nay (even), (but) that caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum: strike; kill postulō (1): demand, claim, request, ask dominus, -ī m.: master, owner, 2 quotiēns: how often, as many as, as often as, 3 careō, -ēre: be without, lack, abstain from, 4 prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: bring forth; betray, dubitō (1): waver, hestitate, be in doubt, 3 sacrum, -ī n.: sacred thing, sacrifice, religious Crēssa, -ae f.: Cretan, woman from Crete, 2 reveal, 2 exta, -ōrum n.: vital organs, 2 rites (pl.), 3 dēcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: deceive quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 exultō (1): jump about, exult stultus, -a, -um: foolish, stupid, 3 Eurōpē, -ēs f.: Europe (woman) quotiēns: how often, as many as, as often as, 3 grex, gregis m.: flock, herd, 3 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 3 exta, -ōrum n.: vital organs, 2 Thyestēus, -a, -um: of Thyestes herba, -ae f.: plant, grass vacca, -ae f.: cow, 2 grex, gregis m.: flock, herd, 3 vacca, -ae f.: cow, 2 iamdūdum: immediately, at once vultus, -ūs m.: countenance, face, 3 impleō, -ēre, -ēvī, implētum: fill, fill up vehō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: convey, carry, 3 ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 2 321 Paelicibus...caesīs: with...; abl. abs., PPP into a cow by Jove (see note ln. 77) 313 vultū...inīquō: with...; abl. manner iuga curva: poetic pl., translate as sg. 322 tenēns: pres. act. pple. 324 altera...altera...: the one...the other...; i.e. 314 dominō...meō: dat. obj. of placet 319 (vaccam) cadere...coēgit: acc. + inf. īte: pl. imperative of eō; Pasiphae is Io and Europa, respectively 315 ut...exultet: how...; indirect command, ut after coēgit, pf. cōgō addressing the organs quod: because is an interrogative adv. ante ārās commentaque sacra: Pasiphae meō (taurō): dat. obj. of placēte; Pasiphae (quod) vecta (est): because...; pf.pass. vehō tenerīs: modifies herbīs comes up with a pretext to have the ostensibly sacrificed the heifers as gifts to 325 Hanc: i.e. Pasiphae 316 quīn...stulta (vacca)...putet: but that...; attractive cow sacrificed to eliminate any the gods, but was also hoping her sacrifices implēvit: subj. is dux, i.e. the white bull quīn + subjunctive follows negative verbs of competition for the attention of the white would be pleasing to the white bull vaccā...acernā: the inventor Daedalus built doubting, delaying, or hindering bull 323 modo…modo…: now…now…; a wooden cow into which Pasiphae climbed sē...decēre: that...; indirect discourse (acc. + 320 laetā...manū: in..., with...; abl. means; correlative adverbs to trick the bull into mating with her inf.) after putet laetā is a transferred epithet, as it should sē...fierī: that...; indirect discourse (acc. + dēceptus: PPP 317 ingentī: modifies grege modify the subject and be translated as inf.) after postulat, pres. inf. fiō 326 partū: by...; abl. means; i.e. the Minotaur (vaccam) dūcī iussit: acc. + pass. inf. after ‘happily’ but here modifies manū Eurōpen: Greek sg. acc., predicate after prōditus...erat: was revealed; prōditus is iussit, pf. iubeō fierī; Jove transformed himself into a white predicate adj., not part of plpf. pass. verb 318 et (eam) inmeritam...trahī: acc. + pass. bull before approaching the Phoenician 327 Crēssa: i.e. Aerope, granddaughter of inf. after iussit, pf. iubeō princess Europa. After Europa pet him and Minos, married to Mycenaean prince Atreus climbed onto his back, he swam out to sea but had an affair with his twin Thyestes with her before she realized the trick. Jove Thyestēō...amōre: from...; abl. separation brought Europa to Crete, where she gave abstinuisset: plpf. subj. in protasis of past birth to three sons by him, including Minos, contrary to fact condition later king of Crete and husband of Pasiphae. 328 quantum est: how hard is it (lit. how (sē) Iō (fierī): that...; see above; Iō is Greek great...) sg. acc., predicate after fierī; Io was turned unō...virō: abl. separation after carēre
40 41 Ars Amatoria Liber I
nōn medium rūpisset iter, currūque retortō 329 aurōram versīs Phoebus adīsset equīs. 330 Fīlia purpureōs Nisō fūrāta capillōs 331 pūbe premit rabidōs inguinibusque canēs. 332 Quī Mārtem terrā, Neptūnum effūgit in undīs, 333 coniugis Ātrīdes victima dīra fuit. 334 Cui nōn dēflēta est Ephyraeae flāmma Creūsae, 335 et nece nātōrum sanguinolenta parēns? 336
adeō, -īre: go to, approach, 4 Mārs, Mārtis m.: Mars, 4 Ātrīdes, -is m.: son of Atreus, Agamemnon nātus, -ī m.: son, 2 Aurōra, -ae f.: Dawn Neptūnus, -ī m.: Neptune canis, -is m/f.: dog, 2 nex, necis f.: death, violent death, murder, 3 coniūnx, -iūgis m/f: husband, wife, spouse, 2 Nīsus, -ī m.: Nisus Creūsa, -ae f.: Creusa parēns, -rentis m.: parent, ancestor dēfleō, -ēre, -flēvī, -flētum: weep over Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus, Apollo, 3 dīrus, -a, -um: dire, ominous, terrible pūbes, -is f.: loins, private parts; youth effugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee, escape, avoid, 4 purpureus, -a, -um: purple, dark red, 2 Ephyraeus, -a, -um: Ephyrean (Corinthian, rabidus, -a, -um: raving, mad, rabid Epyre is an old name for Corinth) retorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortum: wrench back fīlia, -ae f.: daughter, 2 rumpō, -ere, rūpī, -uptum: break, interrupt, 2 flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, 4 sanguinolentus, -a, -um: bloody, blood-red, 2 fūror, -ārī, -ātum: steal terra, -ae f.: land, earth, 2 inguen, inguinis n.: groin (freq. pl.) vertō, -ere, vertī, versum: turn iter, itineris n.: way, road, journey, 2 victima, -ae f.: victim
329 rūpisset: would have...; plpf. subj. in monster Scylla, a half-woman half-serpent apodosis of past contrary to fact condition, with dog heads projecting from her waist subj. is Phoebus; Ovid says the sun god was 333 Quī...effugit: rel. clause, anteced. Ātrīdēs so horrified at Aerope’s infidelity that he Mārtem, Neptūnum: metonymy for war turned his chariot around to avoid the sight and storms; Agamemnon led the Greek currūque retortō: abl. abs., PPP army during the Trojan War and met storms 330 versīs...equīs: abl. abs., PPP on his sea voyage home. adīsset: would have...; plpf. subj. in (in) terrā apodosis of past contrary to fact condition 334 coniugis: gen. poss. after victima; 331 Fīlia...fūrāta: deponent PPP; Scylla, Agamemnon was murdered by his wife and daughter of King Nisus of Megara, fell in her lover upon his return home love with King Minos of Crete during the 335 Cui: by whom...?; dat. of agent Cretan siege of Megara. Scylla cut off her Ephyraeae...Creūsae: after the hero Jason father’s purple lock of hair, without which abandoned Medea and his children to marry he could not rule Megara, to give to Minos. Creusa, princess of Corinth, Medea gave Minos, however, rejected her. Creusa a gown that caught fire when worn Nisō: from...; dat. interest or abl. separation 336 nece: from...; abl. cause after 332 pūbe...inguinibusque: on…; place where sanguinolenta; Medea killed her and Jason’s rabidōs...canēs: Ovid jokingly conflates children after he abandoned her for Creusa princess Scylla of Megara with the sea- sanguinolenta parēns (cui nōn dēflēta est)
42 Feminine Passion
Flēvit Amyntorides per inānia lūmina Phoenix: 337 Hippolytum pavidī dīripuistis equī. 338 Quid fodis inmeritīs, Phineū, sua lūmina nātīs? 339 Poena reversūra est in caput ista tuum. 340 Omnia fēmineā sunt ista libīdine mōta; 341 ācrior est nostrā, plūsque furōris habet. 342 Ergō age, nē dubitā cūnctās sperāre puellās; 343 vix erit ē multīs, quae neget, ūna, tibi. 344
ācer, ācris, ācre: sharp; fierce, keen inmeritus, -a, -um: undeserving, unjust, 2 Amyntorides, -is m.: son of Amyntor libīdō, libidinis f.: passion, desire, lust, 2 caput, capitis n.: head; life, 4 lūmen, lūminis n.: light; eye, 3 cūnctus, -a, -um: all, entire, whole, 3 nātus, -ī m.: son, 2 dīripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptum: tear apart pavidus, -a, -um: alarmed, horrified dubitō (1): waver, hestitate, be in doubt, 3 Phineus, -eos m. (voc. Phineu): Phineus fēmineus, -a, -um: feminine, womanly, 2 Phoenix, -īcis m.: Phoenix (Amyntor’s son) fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētum: weep, 2 plūs, plūris: more, many, 3 fodiō, -īre, fōdī: dig out, gouge out poena, -ae f.: punishment, 2 furor, furōris m.: rage, passion, fury revertor, -ī, -versum: turn back; recur Hippolytus, -ī m.: Hippolytus, 2 spērō (1): hope, hope for, expect, 4 inānis, -e: empty, useless, worthless, 2 vix: hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, 3
337 Amyntorides: in apposition to Phoenix; Phineus himself was blinded, although Phoenix was blinded by his father Amyntor ancient sources differ as to why after Amyntor’s concubine falsely claimed in caput...tuum that Phoenix had raped her 341 Omnia...ista: n. pl., referring to Ovid’s lūmina: oculōs, via metonomy preceding examples of the often 338 (vōs) pavidī...equī: you...; Ovid unassailable intensity of feminine passion; addresses the horses of Hippolytus, son of subj. of mōta sunt Theseus. After Hippolytus rejected the 342 ācrior: comp. adj., pred. nominative advances of his stepmother Phaedra est, habet: subj. is understood fēminea (Theseus’ second wife), she claimed that libīdō Hippolytus had raped her. Theseus called nostrā (libīdine): than...; abl. comparison; down a curse upon his son, and Neptune nostrā refers generally to men sent a sea-monster to terrify Hippolytus’ plūsque furōris: n. sg.acc. substantive adj. horses. The horses bolted; Hippolytus, with partitive gen. tangled in the reins, was killed. 343 age: go on!; sg. imperative; age is often 339 Quid: why used to grab the audience’s attention before inmeritīs...nātīs: from...; dat. interest or another imperative abl. separation nē dubitā: don’t...; negative sg. imperative sua lumina: their...; Phineus was king of 344 erit ē multīs...una: erit una (puella) ē Thrace and a seer. Phineus’ second wife multīs turned him against his sons from his first quae neget...tibi: relative clause of marriage, and he blinded them. characteristic with pres. subj., tibi is dat. of 340 reversūra est: will... (lit. is going to...); interest future periphrastic (fut. act. pple. + sum);
43 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Quae dant quaeque negant, gaudent tamen esse rogātae: 345 ut iam fallāris, tūta repulsa tua est. 346 Sed cūr fallāris, cum sit nova grāta voluptās 347 et capiant animōs plūs aliēna suīs? 348 Fertilior seges est aliēnīs semper in agrīs, 349 vīcīnumque pecus grandius ūber habet. 350 Sed prius ancillam captandae nōsse puellae 351 cūra sit: accessūs molliet illa tuōs. 352
accessus, -ūs m.: an approach, access, 2 molliō, -īre, -īvī: soften, make easier, calm ager, agrī m.: land, field, territory, 2 pecus, pecoris n.: cattle, herd aliēnus, -a, -um: of another, foreign, 2 plūs, plūris: more, many, 3 ancilla, -ae f.: handmaid, slave-girl, 3 repulsa, -ae f.: rejection, rebuff captō (1): take, catch, 2 seges, segetis f.: crop, field of grain, 3 cūr: why?, 3 ūber, -eris n.: udder, teat fertilis, -e: fertile, fruitful, 2 vīcīnus, -a, -um: neighboring grandis, -e: large, full-grown, 2 voluptās, -tātis f.: pleasure, 2
345 (puellae) Quae 348 plūs: comp. adv. dant: give in, consent aliēna: n. pl. substantive adj., add “things” quaeque: and... when translating, subj. of capiant esse rogātae: to have...; perf. pass. inf. after suīs: than their own (things); n. pl. gaudent substantive adj., abl. comparison after plūs 346 ut iam fallāris: whenever...; general 349 Fertilior: comp. adj., pred. nominative temporal clause with 2nd sg. pres. pass. subj. after est (equiv. to pres. general condition) aliēnīs: modifies agrīs 347 fallāris: should...; deliberative 350 grandius: n. sg. comp. adj. subjunctive 351 prius: first; adv. cum: since...; causal cum clause with pres. captandae: (going) to be captured; subj. sit, capiant gerundive (fut. pass. pple.) sit nova grāta voluptās: nova voluptās sit nō(vi)sse: syncopated pf. inf. nōscō, take grāta; Ovid suggests that rejection should after cūra sit, obj. is ancillam not trouble the reader, as it is more exciting 352 sit: let it...; jussive subj. to have the potential to start a new accessūs: pl. acc. relationship than to be involved in one molliet: fut. already
44 Handmaids
Proxima cōnsiliīs dominae sit ut illa, vidētō, 353 nēve parum tacitīs cōnscia fīda iocīs. 354 Hanc tū pollicitīs, hanc tū corrumpe rogandō: 355 quod petis, ex facilī, sī volet illa, ferēs. 356 Illa leget tempus (medicī quoque tempora servant) 357 quō facilis dominae mēns sit et apta capī. 358 Mēns erit apta capī tum, cum laetissima rērum 359 ut seges in pinguī luxuriābit humō. 360
cōnscius, -a, -um: conscious (of), privy (to), nēve: or not, and not, and lest, 3 witnessing, 2 parum: adv. too little cōnsilium, -iī n.: plan, advice; council, 2 pinguis, -e: fat. fertile, rich corrumpō, -ēre, -rūpī, -ruptum: ruin, bribe, pollicitum, -ī n.: promise, pledge, 4 seduce, 3 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 3 fīdus, -a, -um: faithful, trustworthy, loyal, 2 rēs, reī f.: thing, matter, affair, 4 iocus, -ī m.: joke, 2 seges, segetis f.: crop, field of grain, 3 laetus, -a, -um: happy, joyful, glad, 4 servō (1): save, protect, guard, pay attention luxuriō (1): grow luxuriantly, abound to, 3 medicus, -ī m.: doctor, physician tacitus, -a, -um: silent, still, 4
353 Proxima...vidētō: vidētō ut illa sit ex facilī: easily proxima cōnsiliīs dominae; Ovid suggests sī volet illa, ferēs: future more vivid that it will be beneficial if the girl whom the condition with future in protasis and reader admires has a close relationship with apodosis, translate volet as pres. with future her maid, as the maid can serve as a go- sense between for the pair 357 leget: fut. cōnsiliīs: to...; dat. after proxima medicī: Ovid compares the maid to a illa: i.e. ancilla doctor, suggesting that the maid’s skill in ut: that; noun result clause with pres. subj. determining when her mistress will be most sit, governed by vidētō receptive to the reader’s advances is almost vidēto: see to it; fut. imperative clinically precise 354 nēve...iocīs: nēve (illa) fīda (sit) parum 358 quō (tempore)…sit: at which (time)… cōnscia tacitīs iocīs; again, Ovid stresses would…; relative clause of characteristic that the maid should know all her mistress’ with pres. subj., abl. time when secrets capī: pres. pass. inf. after apta nēve: and that...not; negative noun result 359 cum (erit): when it...; temporal cum clause, goverened by vidētō clause tacitīs...iocīs: dat. after cōnscia laetissima rērum: very happy with 355 Hanc: i.e. ancillam everything; superl. adj. with objective gen. tū: sg. voc. 360 ut: as, just as; clause of comparison rogandō: by asking; gerund, abl. means in pinguī...humō 356 (id) quod petis: (that) which...; rel. clause, missing antecedent is understood obj. of ferēs
45 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Pectora dum gaudent nec sunt adstricta dolōre, 361 ipsa patent, blandā tum subit arte Venus. 362 Tum, cum trīstis erat, dēfensa est Īlios armīs: 363 militibus gravidum laeta recēpit equum. 364 Tum quoque temptanda est, cum paelice laesa dolēbit: 365 tum faciēs operā, nē sit inulta, tuā. 366 Hanc mātūtīnōs pectēns ancilla capillōs 367 incitet, et vēlō rēmigis addat opem, 368
adstringō, -ere, -inxī, -ictum: bind, restrict mātūtīnus, -a, -um: of the morning ancilla, -ae f.: handmaid, slave-girl, 3 mīles, mīlitis m.: soldier, 4 dēfendō, -ere, -ndī, dēfēnsum: defend opera, -ae f.: effort doleō, -ēre: feel pain, grieve, 2 paelix, paelicis f.: mistress, 3 gravidus, -a, -um: pregnant, 2 pateō, -ēre, -uī: be open, lie open Īlios, -iī f. (Ilium, -iī n.): Ilium/Troy pectō, -ere, pexī: comb incitō (1): urge on, incite recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 2 inultus, -a, -um: unavenged rēmex, rēmigis m.: rower, oarsman laetus, -a, -um: happy, joyful, glad, 4 subeō, -īre, -iī: approach, advance stealthily, 2
362 ipsa: i.e. pectora suggests, why the reader should approach blandā...arte: with...; abl. manner the girl when she is in good spirits. Venus: refers to love via metonymy 365 (puella) temptanda est: must be...; 363 cum: temporal cum clause passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) Īlios: sg. nom. subj. of both erat and est; for cum: temporal cum clause the first nine years of the Trojan War, the (ā) paelice: abl. agent, translate paelice as Trojans staunchly resisted the Greeks “rival;” in this scenario, the reader’s desired beseiging the city of Troy. In the tenth year, girl already has a lover, but this lover has the Greeks appeared to abandon Troy in neglected her in favor of another girl defeat, leaving behind the Trojan horse. The laesa: PPP laedō, modifying understood Trojans brought the horse within Troy’s puella, subj. of dolēbit walls, thinking that refusing to do so would 366 faciēs: fut., “will bring (it) about...” anger the gods. The Greek soldiers hiding in nē sit inulta: that she not...; noun result the horse emerged in the middle of the clause; Ovid suggests that a relationship night. Soon joined by the rest of the Greek with the reader would allow the girl to get army, the Greeks ultimately overcame the revenge on her unfaithful lover Trojans. 367 hanc: i.e. puellam; obj. of incitet 364 militibus: because of...; abl. cause after 368 incitet, addat: let...; jussive subj. gravidum vēlō: to...; dat. with compound addat; Ovid laeta: modifies Īlios, translate nom. adj. as metaphorically describes the situation in adv.; the Trojans celebrated their supposed terms of sailing, with the sail representing victory prematurely when they saw the the girl’s anger and the oarsman’s effort Greeks lift the siege of Troy, and in their representing maid’s attempt to urge the girl merriment they were blind to the threat in her course contained in the horse. This illustrates, Ovid rēmigis: subjective gen. after opem
46 Handmaids
et sēcum tenuī suspīrāns murmure dīcat 369 ‘At, putō, nōn poterās ipsa referre vicem.’ 370 Tum dē tē nārret, tum persuādentia verba 371 addat, et īnsānō iūret amōre morī. 372 Sed properā, nē vēla cadant auraeque resīdant: 373 ut fragilis glaciēs, interit īra morā. 374 Quaeris, an hanc ipsam prōsit violāre ministram? 375 Tālibus admissīs ālea grandis inest. 376
admissum, -ī n.: crime, offense ministra, -ae f.: handmaid, maid-servant ālea, -ae f.: die, one of 2 dice; risk, 2 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 4 an: whether, or (in questions), 2 morior, morī, mortuum: die aura, -ae f.: breeze, 2 murmur, -uris n.: murmur fragilis, -e: brittle, impermanent nārrō (1): tell, narrate glaciēs, -ēī f.: ice persuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsum: persuade grandis, -e: large, full-grown, 2 properō (1): hasten, 2 insānus, -a, -um: unsound, unhealthy prōsum, -esse: profit, be beneficial, 3 insum, -esse, -fuī: be in, be involved in resīdō, -ere, -sēdī: settle down, subside intereō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: die, perish, 2 suspīrō (1): sigh; breathe out īra, īrae f.: anger; passion tālis, -e: such, 2 iūrō (1): to swear (an oath), 3 violō (1): violate, commit outrage, 2
369 sēcum: to herself; cum sē, abl. īnsānō...amōre: from...; abl. cause accompaniment (tē) morī: that...; indirect discourse (acc. + tenuī...murmure: with...; abl. manner inf.) after iūret, pres. inf. of deponent dīcat: let...; jussive subj., subject is morior understood ancilla 373 nē: lest...; negative purpose clause with 370 (tū) ipsa pres. subj. cadant and resīdant referre vicem: to retaliate (lit. to give back 374 ut: just as; clause of comparison repayment); the maid, in an attempt to morā: because of..., from...; abl. cause encourage the girl into a relationship with 375 hanc ipsam...ministram: obj. of violāre the reader, audibly mutters something that prōsit: it...; impersonal pres. subj. in she knows will stir up her mistress’ anger indirect question toward her former lover violāre: i.e. sexually 371 nārret: let...; jussive subj., understood 376 Tālibus admissīs: dat. with compound subject is ancilla inest, becomes object of the prefix in- 372 addat, iūret: let...; jussive subj.
47 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Haec ā concubitū fit sēdula, tardior illa, 377 haec dominae mūnus tē parat, illa sibi. 378 Cāsus in ēventū est: licet hic indulgeat ausīs, 379 cōnsilium tamen est abstinuisse meum. 380 Nōn ego per praeceps et acūta cacūmina vādam, 381 nec iuvenum quisquam mē duce captus erit. 382 Sī tamen illa tibi, dum dat recipitque tabellās, 383 corpore, nōn tantum sēdulitāte placet, 384
abstineō, -ēre, -uī: hold back, refrain, 4 praeceps, -cipitis n.: steep place, danger, acūtus, -a, -um: sharp, piercing precipice ausum, -ī n.: exploit, venture, attempt quisquam, quicquam (quidquam): anyone, cacūmen, -minis n.: peak, top something, someone, something cāsus, -ūs m.: chance, occasion opportunity recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 2 concubitus, -ūs m.: lying togther, sexual sēdulitās, -tātis f.: diligence, assiduousness intercourse sēdulus, -a, -um: diligent, assiduous, 2 cōnsilium, -iī n.: plan, advice; council, 2 tabella, -ae f.: tablet, small painting, 4 ēventus, -ūs m.: outcome, result tardus, -a, -um: late, slow indulgeō, -ēre: indulge, give in to (dat) vādō, -ere: walk, walk along, go parō (1): prepare, 4
377 Haec (ancilla)...illa (ancilla): subjects of hic (cāsus) fit; Ovid suggests that becoming sexually indulgeat: may...; pres. subj. in concessive involved with a girl’s maid is risky, as there clause is no way of telling how the maid will ausīs: dat. of interest after indulgeat respond to this sort of encounter. It might 380 abstinuisse: perf. act. inf. change the maid’s disposition, and 381 vādam: 1st sg. fut. ultimately hinder the reader’s chances of 382 iuvenum quisquam: any young man (lit. having a relationship with her mistress. any of young men); partitive gen. ā concubitū: from..., as a result of...; abl. of mē duce: abl. abs. source captus erit: fut. pf. pass. sēdula: pred. nominative after fit 383 illa: i.e. ancilla (fit) tardior: comp. adj. and pred. tibi: to...; dat. obj. of placet nominative after understood fit tabellās: writing tablets on which the reader 378 dominae: for...; dat. of interest and his girl are exchanging messages mūnus: as a...; in apposition to tē 384 corpore, sēdulitāte: in..., in respect to...; illa (mūnus tē parat) abl. respect sibi: for...; dat. of interest nōn tantum: not only; tantum is adv. acc. 379 licet: although (lit. it is allowed)
48 Handmaids
fac dominā potiāre prius, comes illa sequātur: 385 nōn tibi ab ancillā est incipienda vēnus. 386 Hoc ūnum moneō, sī quid modo crēditur artī, 387 nec mea dicta rapāx per mare ventus agit: 388 aut nōn temptārīs aut perfice! tollitur index, 389 cum semel in partem crīminis ipsa venit. 390 Nōn avis ūtiliter viscātīs effugit ālīs; 391 nōn bene dē laxīs cassibus exit aper. 392
āla, -ae f.: wing, 2 perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: accomplish, see ancilla, -ae f.: handmaid, slave-girl, 3 through, perfect, 2 aper, aprī m.: wild boar, 3 potior, -īrī, potītum: take possession of (abl), avis, avis f.: bird, 4 3 cassēs, -ium m.: hunting-nets, snares rapāx (rapācis): rapacious, greedy, grasping comes, -itis m./f.: companion, comrade, 3 semel: once, 3 crīmen, crīminis n.: crime; charge, 3 sequor, sequī, secūtum: follow, attend, effugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee, escape, avoid, 4 pursue, 3 exeō, -īre, -iī (-īvī), -itum: go out tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: lift up, remove; index, indicis m./f.: sign, proof; informer, 2 raze, 3 laxus, -a, -um: loose, slackened, unstrung, 2 ūtilis, -e: useful, effective, 3 mare, maris n.: sea, 2 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 4 moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: warn (about), advise, viscātus, -a, -um: smeared (with birdlime) 4
385 fac (ut) potiār(is): see to it that...; pres. per mare: i.e. far away, so that Ovid’s imperative faciō governs noun result clause advice is of no use to anyone with syncopated 2nd sg. pres. deponent subj. 389 aut...aut...: either...or... dominā: abl. after potiāre temptā(ve)rīs: should have...; syncopated comes illa: i.e. ancilla 2nd sg. pf. jussive subjunctive (ut) sequatur: pres. deponent subj. in noun index: informer; if the reader were to make result clause after fac, see above a pass at the maid and fail, Ovid warns, the 386 tibi: by...; dat. of agent with passive maid would likely inform her mistress, periphrastic which would undoubtedly sour the mistress ab ancillā: starting with... (lit. from...) on her relationship with the reader est incipienda: must be...; passive 390 cum: temporal cum clause periphrastic in partem crīminis...venit: i.e. by sleeping 387 sī quid...crēditur: sī (ali)quid...crēditur; with the reader without her mistress’ if any credit is given (lit. if anything is knowledge trusted); quid becomes indefinite after sī; ipsa: i.e. ancilla with sarcastic understatement in this brief 391 ūtiliter: adv. aside, Ovid assures the reader that his viscātīs...ālīs: abl. means; birdlime is a knowledge of love is legitimate sticky substance smeared on the branches artī (meō): to...; dat. after creditur and twigs of trees to trap small birds 388 mea dicta: my words; n. pl. substantive PPP
49 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Saucius arreptō piscis teneātur ab hāmō: 393 perprime temptātam, nec nisi victor abī. 394 Tunc neque tē prōdet commūnī noxia culpā, 395 factaque erunt dominae dictaque nōta tibi. 396 Sed bene cēlētur: bene sī cēlābitur index, 397 nōtitiae suberit semper amīca tuae. 398 Tempora quī sōlīs operōsa colentibus arva, 399 fallitur, et nautīs aspicienda putat; 400
abeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum: go away, depart, 4 nōtitia, -ae f.: knowledge amīca, -ae f.: friend, 3 nōtus, -a, -um: well-known, familiar, 3 arripiō, -ere, -uī, arreptum: snatch, seize noxius, -a, -um: harmful, guilty arvum, -ī n.: (cultivated/arable) land, 3 operōsus, -a, -um: toilsome, full of labor, 2 aspiciō, -ere, -spexī: look at, 2 perprimō, -ere, -pressī: keep pressing cēlō (1): hide, conceal, 2 piscis, -is m.: fish, 4 commūnis, -e: common, joint prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: bring forth; betray, culpa, -ae f.: blame, fault; cause reveal, 2 hāmus, -ī m.: hook, 3 saucius, -a, -um: wounded, tipsy, drunk, 2 index, indicis m./f.: sign, proof; informer, 2 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 4 nauta, -ae m.: sailor, 2 subsum, -esse, -fuī: be near or at hand, 2 nisi: if not, unless, 4 victor, -ōris m.: conqueror, vanquisher
393 arreptō: ab arreptō hāmō; from...; PPP nōtitiae...tuae: for...; dat. of interest teneātur: should...; jussive subj. 399 Tempora...putat: (is) fallitur quī putat 394 (ancillam) temptātam: PPP tempora sōlīs (virīs) operōsa arva colentibus nisi (es) victor et nautīs aspicienda (esse); he is mistaken abī: sg. imperative abeō who... 395 prōdet: fut. quī...putat: rel. clause, antecedent is commūnī...culpā: from...; abl. of cause understood subj. of fallitur noxia: modifies subj. of prōdet Tempora...aspicienda (esse): that...must 396 factaque...dictaque: both deeds...and be...; indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) after words; compound subject of erunt; n. pl. putat, inf. is pass. periphrastic (gerundive + substantive PPPs supplied esse) erunt: fut. sum (eīs) sōlīs...colentibus...et nautīs: by tibi: to...; dat. after nōta those...and by...; datives of agent with 397 cēlētur: let her...; jussive subj. passive periphrastic 398 sī cēlābitur...suberit: future more vivid operōsa...arva: obj. of colentibus condition with future in protasis and apodosis, translate cēlābitur as pres. with future sense
50 Buying Gifts
nec semper crēdenda cērēs fallācibus arvīs, 401 nec semper viridī concava puppis aquae, 402 nec tenerās semper tūtum captāre puellās: 403 saepe datō melius tempore fīet idem. 404 Sīve diēs suberit nātālis, sīve Kalendae, 405 quās Venerem Mārtī continuāsse iuvat, 406 sīve erit ōrnātus nōn ut fuit ante sigillīs, 407 sed rēgum positās Circus habēbit opēs, 408
arvum, -ī n.: (cultivated/arable) land, 3 Mārs, Mārtis m.: Mars, 4 captō (1): take, catch, 2 melior, melius: better, 2 cērēs, -is f.: grain nātālis, -e: birth; + diēs, birthday, 4 circus, -ī m.: racetrack, 3 ōrnātus, -a, -um: adorned, decorated concāva, -ōrum n.: hollows, hollow places puppis, -is f.: stern, deck; ship, 2 continuō (1): join, connect, 2 rēx, rēgis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 3 fallāx (fallācis): deceitful, treacherous, 3 sigilla, -ōrum n.: little images or figures īdem, eadem, idem: same, 4 subsum, -esse, -fuī: be near or at hand, 2 Kalendae, -ārum f.: Kalens (1st of month) viridis, -e: green
401 semper: i.e. at any time of the year occasions suggests that it may have been an crēdenda (est): must be...; passive opportunity for exchanging gifts. periphrastic (gerundive + sum) Venerem...iuvat: it pleases...; Ovid alludes fallācibus arvīs: to...; dat. after crēdenda to the famous love affair between Mars and 402 concava puppis (crēdenda est) Venus. Venus’ husband Vulcan, the god of viridī...aquae: to...; dat. after understood the forge, exposed his wife’s infidelity by crēdenda stringing up an invisible web of finely 403 tūtum (est) captāre...: (it is)…; wroght chains above his marriage bed. impersonal Attempting to meet there in secret, Venus 404 datō...tempore: abl. abs., PPP and Mars got caught in the chains. The melius: comp. adv., modifies fīet other gods and goddesses soon found out fīet: fut. fiō and gathered there to laugh at the couple. idem: the same situation (lit. same thing) continuā(vi)sse: syncopated pf. act. inf. 405 Sīve...sīve...sīve: if...or if...or if... 407 erit: subj. is Circus; as part of the suberit, (suberunt), erit, habēbit: all fut. celebrations surrounding the seven-day in future more vivid condition, translate as December festival of Saturnalia, Romans pres. with future sense could visit a holiday market selling sigilla, Kalendae (suberunt) inexpensive wax or clay figurines to be 406 quās: which; rel. pron., obj. of given as gifts. Ovid seems to suggest that continuāsse; Ovid refers to the Kalends of the market was held in the Circus, and April, on which the Veneralia, a festival in warns that the simple gifts for sale were at honor of Venus, was celebrated. Venus has some point replaced by much costlier ones. joined this day to Mars in the sense that It is unclear, however, whether ante refers April 1st follows March, a month named to an earlier time in the holiday season or an after the god Mars. On the Veneralia, lovers earlier point in history. asked Venus to favor their romantic quests. ut: as...; clause of comparison Ovid’s inclusion of it in this list of special 408 positās: PPP; i.e. on display
51 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Differ opus: tunc trīstis hiems, tunc Plīades īnstant, 409 tunc tener aequoreā mergitur Haedus aquā; 410 tunc bene dēsinitur: tunc sī quis crēditur altō, 411 vix tenuit lacerae naufraga membra ratis. 412 Tū licet incipiās quā flēbilis Allia lūce 413 vulneribus Latiīs sanguinolenta fluit, 414 quāque diē redeunt, rēbus minus apta gerendīs, 415 culta Palaestīnō septima fēsta Syrō. 416
aequoreus, -a, -um: of the sea, 2 Lātius, -a, -um: Latin, of Latium Allia, -ae f.: Allia river (11 miles from Rome, lūx, lūcis m.: light, day, 2 site of Roman defeat by Gauls in 390 BC) membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, part, 2 altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 mergō, -ere, -rsī: sink, dip, drown dēsinō, -ere, -siī, -situm: cease, stop minor, minus: smaller, less, 3 differō, -ferre: differ, put off, delay naufragus, -a, -um: shipwrecked, wrecked fēstum, -ī n.: festival, holiday Palaestīnus, -a, -um: from Palestine flēbilis, -e: worthy of tears, lamentable Plīadēs, -um f.: Pleiades (constellation) fluō, -ere, flūxī, fluxum: flow redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 2 gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum: carry on, wage rēs, reī f.: thing, matter, affair, 4 Haedus, -ī m.: Young Goat (constellation) sanguinolentus, -a, -um: bloody, blood-red, 2 hiēms, hiemis f.: winter septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 2 īnstō, -āre, -stitī: approach, threaten, persist, 3 Syrus, -a, -um: Syrian, 2 lacer, lacera, lacerum: torn, lacerated vix: hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, 3
409 Differ: sg. imperative; Ovid suggests wintertime sailor, (ali)quis delaying the beginning an affair until after 413 licet: nevertheless (lit. it is allowed) high-stakes days such as the girl’s birthday incipiās: should...; jussive subj. have passed, as such days require gifts quā...luce: on the day when (lit. on which tunc: i.e. the times of the year that the poet day) abl. time when; business was not has mentioned in 405-408 (holidays, etc.) conducted on the anniversary of Rome’s trīstis hiems (instat): the storm is a defeat by the Gauls at the Battle of the metaphor for all of the pitfalls that the Allia, so the reader won’t have to spend any reader will encounter if he begins his affair money on the girl on that day at the wrong time of year 414 vulneribus Latiīs: with...; abl. cause Plīadēs: the Pleiades, a constellation, was 415 quāque diē: and on...; see above associated with stormy and dangerous seas, redeunt: subj. is fēsta as it is most clearly visible during the winter rēbus...gerendīs: for carrying on business; 410 tener...Haedus: another wintertime (lit. for business going to be carried on); constellation, Haedus was also thought to dat. of purpose, gerundive (fut. pass. pple.) bring storms, here, Ovid says, when setting minus: irreg. comp. adv.; modifies apta 411 desinitur: it...; impersonal subj. referring 416 culta: celebrated; PPP colō to the reader’s pursuit of the girl (ā) Palaestīnō...Syrō: by...; i.e. a Jew; abl. sī (ali)quis: quis indefinite after sī agent altō: to the sea; dat. after crēditur; septima fēsta: the seventh-day holidays; metonymy i.e. the Sabbath, a day on which Jews, at 412 tenuit: subj. is still the hypothetical least, would refrain from doing business
52 Buying Gifts
Magna superstitiō tibi sit nātālis amīcae: 417 quāque aliquid dandum est, illa sit ātra diēs. 418 Cum bene vītārīs, tamen auferet; invenit artem 419 fēmina, quā cupidī carpat amantis opēs. 420 Īnstitor ad dominam veniet discīnctus emācem, 421 expediet mercēs tēque sedente suās: 422 quās illa, īnspiciās, sapere ut videāre, rogābit: 423 ōscula deinde dabit; deinde rogābit, emās. 424
amīca, -ae f.: friend, 3 expediō, -īre, -iī: bring forward, arrange; be āter, ātra, ātrum: dark, black useful, 3 auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away īnspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: examine carpō, -ere, carpsī: carve; pluck, seize institor, -oris m.: salesman, hawker cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 4 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 4 deinde: then, thereupon, 3 merx, mercis f.: goods, merchandise discīnctus, -a, -um: ungirt, slovenly nātālis, -e: birth; + diēs, birthday, 4 emāx (emācis): eager to buy/purchase ōsculum, -ī n.: kiss, 4 emō, -ere, ēmī: buy, purchase, 2 superstitio, -tiōnis f.: superstition, awe, dread vītō (1): avoid, 2
417 tibi sit: may you have (lit. may there be 421 ad dominam...emācem to you); dat. of possession with jussive subj. veniet: fut. nātālis (diēī): for...; objective gen. after 422 expediet: fut. superstitiō tēque sedente: with...; abl. abs. with pres. 418 quāque: and on which; abl. time when, act. pple.; use -que at the beginning of the rel. pronoun, antecedent is diēs line dandum est: must be...; passive periphrastic 423 illa (domina): subj. of rogābit (gerundive + sum) (ut) īnspiciās: that...; indirect command sit: let...; jussive subj. after rogābit 419 Cum: although; concessive cum clause sapere ut videār(is): so that...; purpose vītā(ve)rīs: syncopated pf. subj. clause; translate syncopated 2nd sg. passive tamen (puella) auferet (opēs): fut. subj. videāris as “seem” 420 quā: by...; abl. means, rel. pron., 424 (ut) emās: that...; indirect command after antecedent artem rogābit carpat: she may...; relative clause of characteristic with pres. subj.
53 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Hōc fore contentam multōs iūrābit in annōs, 425 nunc opus esse sibī, nunc bene dīcet emī. 426 Sī nōn esse domī, quōs dēs, causābere nummōs, 427 līttera poscētur — nē didicisse iuvet. 428 Quid, quasi nātālī cum poscit mūnera lībō, 429 et, quotiēns opus est, nāscitur illa, sibi? 430 Quid, cum mendācī damnō maestissima plōrat, 431 ēlāpsusque cavā fingitur aure lapis? 432
auris, -is f.: ear, 2 iūrō (1): to swear (an oath), 3 causor, -ārī, -ātum: allege, give as cause lapis, -idis m.: stone cavus, -a, -um: hollow, rounded, 4 lībum, -ī n.: cake; pancake contentus, -a, -um: satisfied, content maestus, -a, -um: grief-stricken, gloomy, 2 damnum, -ī n.: harm, loss, injury, 4 mendax (mendācis): false, lying, subst. liar, 2 discō, -ere, didicī: learn, come to know, 3 nāscor, nāscī, nātum: be born, spring forth, 3 domus, -ī f.: house, home; domī at home, at nātālis, -e: birth; + diēs, birthday, 4 hand nummus, -ī m.: coin ēlābor, -lābī, -lapsum: slip/slide away plōrō (1): cry over, weep about, 2 emō, -ere, ēmī: buy, purchase, 2 poscō, -ere, popōscī: ask, demand, 4 fingō, -ere, finxī, fictum: make up, imagine, quasi: as if handle, 4 quotiēns: how often, as many as, as often as, 3
425 Hōc: with this; i.e. the gift; abl. means 428 littera: a written acknowledgment, a (sē) fore contentam: that she will...; written account; Ovid warns that the girl indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) after iūrābit; will likely ask for written proof if the reader fore is alternative form for fut. inf. of sum claims that he has no cash readily accessible multōs...in annōs: in multōs annōs; for...; nē...(tē) iuvet: so that it may not...; negative idiomatic usage result clause 426 opus esse (hōc) sibī: that she needs (this didicisse (scribere): pf. inf.; Ovid jokingly thing) (lit. that there is need (of this thing) suggests the girl’s prying questions will for her); idiomatic usage of opus in indirect make the reader wish he had never learned discourse after dīcet, sibī is dat. of to write and keep accounts possession 429 Quid...cum poscit: what (about) bene: cheaply, at a good price (lit. well); when...?; temporal cum clause modifies emī quasi nātālī...lībō: with a so-called (hoc) emī: that this thing...; indirect birthday cake; i.e. the girl is pretending it is discourse after dīcet; the girl assures her her birthday to get gifts lover that he spent his money wisely 430 opus est...sibi: she needs (lit. there is a 427 nōn esse domī...nummōs: nummōs nōn need for her); idiomatic, dat. of possession esse domī; that...; indirect discourse (acc. + 431 Quid...cum plōrat: see above inf.) after causābere, translate domī mendācī damnō: because of...; abl. cause idiomatically as “at hand” 432 ēlāpsusque...lapis: deponent PPP; Ovid quōs dēs: which you would...; potential imagines the girl lying about an earring subj. in relative clause of characteristic, having been lost nummōs is antecedent of quōs cavā aure: from...; abl. separation after causāber(is): syncopated 2nd sg. fut. ēlāpsus
54 Buying Gifts
Multa rogant ūtenda darī, data reddere nōlunt: 433 perdis, et in damnō grātia nūlla tuō. 434 Nōn mihi, sācrilegās meretrīcum ut persequar artēs, 435 cum totidem linguīs sint satis ōra decem. 436 Cēra vadum temptet, rāsīs īnfūsa tabellīs: 437 cēra tuae prīmum cōnscia mentis eat. 438 Blanditiās ferat illa tuas imitātaque amantem 439 verba; nec exiguās, quisquis es, adde precēs. 440
blanditia, -ae f.: flattery, compliment, 4 persequor, -sequī, -secūtum: pursue, explain cēra, ae f.: wax, 2 quisquis, quidquid: whoever, whatever, 4 cōnscius, -a, -um: conscious (of), privy (to), rādō, -ere, rāsī, rāsum: erase; scrape witnessing, 2 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, deliver, damnum, -ī n.: harm, loss, injury, 4 recite, 3 decem: ten sacrilegus, -a, -um: sacrilegious exiguus, -a, -um: small, scanty, meager, 2 satis: enough grātia, -ae f.: gratitude, favor, thanks tabella, -ae f.: tablet, small painting, 4 imitor, -ārī, -ātum: imitate, portray, 3 totīdem: so many as, as many īnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum: pour/spread on ūtor, ūtī, usum: use, enjoy (abl.) lingua, -ae f.: tongue, language, 2 vadum, -ī n.: shallows, stream, ford meretrix, -īcis f.: prostitute
433 Multa...ūtenda darī: many things...to be 437 Cēra temptet vadum: let...; jussive lent (lit. many things to be used, to be subj.; Ovid suggests that, when approaching given); idiomatic usage of dō, dare + a girl, the reader should test the waters by ūtenda, gerundive (fut. pass. pple.), first writing her a note on a wax tablet translates as “lend” (in) rāsīs tabellīs: PPP; Ovid warns that the (puellae) rogant wax on the writing tablets must be neatly data: PPP, obj. of reddere, refers to multa smoothed before the reader writes his love 434 (est) grātia nūlla notes on them in damnō...tuō: in exchange for... īnfūsa: PPP 435 Nōn mihi...sint satis ōra decem: decem 438 cēra...eat: let...; jussive subj. eō ōra nōn sint satis mihi tuae...mentis: gen. after cōnscia mihi: for...; dat. of interest 439 ferat illa (cēra): let...; jussive subj. sācrilegās...artēs: ut sācrilegās artēs imitātaque amantem verba: words having meretrīcum persequar; so that...; result imitated...; deoponent PPP, obj. of ferat clause after satis; Ovid derisively calls the 440 quisquis es: Ovid instructs the reader not type of girl who constantly asks for gifts a to be too proud to fill his love letter with prostitute prayers, presumably that the girl will return 436 cum totidem linguīs: with...; abl. of his affection accompaniment sint: would...; potential subj., subject. is ōra decem
55 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Hectora dōnāvit Priamō prece mōtus Achillēs; 441 flectitur īrātus vōce rogante deus. 442 Prōmittās facitō: quid enim prōmittere laedit? 443 Pōllicitīs dīves quīlibet esse potest. 444 Spēs tenet in tempus, semel est sī crēdita, longum: 445 illa quidem fallāx, sed tamen apta dea est. 446 Sī dederīs aliquid, poteris ratiōne relinquī: 447 praeteritum tulerit, perdideritque nihil. 448
dīves (divitis): wealthy, rich, 2 pollicitum, -ī n.: promise, pledge, 4 dōnō (1): give, grant praetereō, -īre, -īvī, -itum: go past, elude, 2 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 4 Priamus, -ī m.: Priam, 2 fallāx (fallācis): deceitful, treacherous, 3 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: promise, 4 flectō, -ere, flexī, flectum: turn, bend, ratio, ratiōnis f.: account; calculation persuade relinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictum: leave behind, 3 Hector, Hectoris m. (Grk. acc., -a): Hector, 3 semel: once, 3 īrātus, -a, -um: angry spēs, -eī f.: hope, expectation, 2 nihil (nil): nothing; not at all, 4
441 Hectora: Greek sg. acc. obj. of dōnāvit; est...crēdita: pf. pass. Hector, son of King Priam of Troy, was 446 illa...dea: i.e. Spēs, the personification of killed by Achilles during the Trojan War. hope Despite Achilles’ intense hatred of Hector, apta: accommodating, ready who had killed Achilles’ friend Patroclus, 447 Sī dederīs...poteris: future more vivid he eventually allowed Hector’s body to be condition with fut. pf. in protasis and fut. of returned to the Trojans after Priam begged possum in apodosis, translate dederīs as him to do so. pres. with future sense mōtus: PPP moveō aliquid: i.e. a gift 443 Prōmittās facitō: facitō (ut) prōmittās; ratiōne: by (her) reckoning see to it (that)…; fut. imperative of faciō relinquī: pass. inf.; Ovid warns the reader governs a noun result clause with pres. subj. that some girls may stick around only long laedit: does it...; impersonal verb enough to receive a gift from him before 444 Pōllicitīs: with..., in respect to...; abl. moving on to someone new respect after dīves 448 tulerit: fut. pf. ferō, translate as “carry dīves quīlibet esse potest: quīlibet potest off” or “gain,” puella is understood subject esse dīves praeteritum: (a gift) passed over (without 445 tenet: holds fast, holds on mention); PPP in tempus...longum: for...; idiomatic usage
56 Buying Gifts
At quod nōn dederīs, semper videāre datūrus: 449 sīc dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager: 450 sīc, nē perdiderit, nōn cessat perdere lūsor, 451 et revocat cupidās ālea saepe manūs. 452 Hoc opus, hic labor est, prīmō sine mūnere iungī; 453 nē dederit grātīs quae dedit, usque dabit. 454 Ergō eat et blandīs perarētur littera verbīs, 455 explōretque animōs, prīmaque temptet iter. 456
ager, agrī m.: land, field, territory, 2 labor, labōris m.: labor, task, 4 ālea, -ae f.: die, one of 2 dice; risk, 2 lūsor, lūsōris m.: gambler, player cessō (1): be remiss, cease, delay, be idle perarō (1): engrave, inscribe, write cupidus, -a, -um: desirous, eager, 4 revocō (1): call back, recall dominus, -ī m.: master, owner, 2 sterilis, -e: sterile, barren, fruitless explōrō (1): search out, seek out usque: up to, until; continuously, all the way, grātīs: for free, without pay 3 iter, itineris n.: way, road, journey, 2
449 (id) quod nōn dederīs: relative clause of negative purpose clause with pf. characteristic with pf. subjunctive, missing subjunctive, puella is understood subject; antecedent is understood obj. of datūrus Ovid suggests that the girl will continue to videār(is): you should...; syncopated 2nd sg. give the reader her love as she holds out for pres. jussive subjunctive, passive videō can a promised gift be translated as “seem” (ea) quae dedit: (the things)...; rel. clause, datūrus: about to...; fut. act. pple. missing antecedent is understood obj. of 450 fefellit: pf. fallō dederit 451 nē perdiderit: so that he may not have...; 455 eat...perarētur...explōret...temptet: negative purpose clause with pf. subjunctive let...let...let...let...; jussive subj., eat is pres. 453 Hoc (est) opus subj. of eō; littera is the subject of all four iungī: pres. pass. inf., i.e. romantically verbs 454 nē dederit: so that she may not have...; 456 animōs (puellae)
57 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Littera Cȳdippēn pōmō perlāta fefellit, 457 īnsciaque est verbīs capta puella suīs. 458 Disce bonās artēs, moneō, Rōmāna iuventūs, 459 nōn tantum trepidōs ut tueāre reōs; 460 quam populus iūdexque gravis lectusque senātus, 461 tam dabit ēloquiō victa puella manūs. 462 Sed lateant vīrēs, nec sīs in fronte disertus; 463 effugiant vōcēs verba molesta tuae. 464
bonus, -a, -um: good, kind(ly), useful lateō, -ēre, -uī: lie hidden, 4 Cȳdippē, -ēs f.: Cydippe (a maiden loved by molestus, -a, -um: troublesome, labored Acontius) moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: warn (about), advise, discō, -ere, didicī: learn, come to know, 3 4 disertus, -a, -um: eloquent, expressive, 3 perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry through effugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee, escape, avoid, 4 pōmum, -ī n.: fruit, apple, 2 ēloquium, -iī n.: eloquence reus, reī m.: defendant, the accused frōns, frontis f.: forehead, brow, 4 Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 2 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 2 senātus, -ūs f.: senate īnscius, -a, -um: unaware, not knowing tam: so, so much, to such an extent, 3 iūdex, -icis m.: judge trepidus, -a, -um: trembling; agitated iuventūs, -tūtis f.: youth; young people tueor, tuērī: look (over), guard, 3
457 Cӯdippēn: Greek sg. acc.; worshipping 461 quam...tam: as...so...; correlatives in the temple of Diana at Delos, Cydippe populus...iūdex...senātus...puella: caught the eye of Acontius. Writing on an compound subject of dabit apple the words, “I swear by Diana that I lectus: elected; PPP legō will marry Acontius,” he threw the fruit into 462 dabit...manūs: will yield, will surrender the temple. Cydippe read the words aloud, (lit. will give up the hands); idiomatic usage making them binding, and was ultimately victa: PPP vincō forced to marry Acontius. 463 (ut) lateant: (so that)…may...; pres. subj. perlāta: PPP perferō is either purpose clause parallel to ut tueāre fefellit: pf. fallō (see above) or simply jussive subj. (let…) 458 est...capta: pf. pass. vīrēs: pl. nom. vīs 459 bonās artēs: specifically, the art of (ut) sīs: (so that)...may...; pres. subj. sum, rhetoric see “lateant” above Rōmāna iuventūs: sg. vocative 464 (ut) effugiant: (so that)...may...; pres. 460 nōn tantum…sed (etiam): not only…but subj., see “lateant” above (also) vocēs: speech trepidōs...reōs: Ovid is writing for a verba molesta: Ovid cautions the reader to predominantly upper-class audience, many avoid the forceful sort of rhetoric he uses in of whom assisted their clients in legal court when writing his love letter to the girl, affairs as it will sound contrived ut tueār(is): so that...may...; purpose clause with 2nd sg. pres. subjunctive
58 Writing Letters
Quis, nisi mentis inops, tenerae dēclāmat amīcae? 465 Saepe valēns odiī līttera causa fuit. 466 Sit tibi crēdibilis sermō cōnsuētaque verba, 467 blanda tamen, praesēns ut videāre loquī. 468 Sī nōn accipiet scrīptum, inlectumque remittet, 469 lectūram spērā, prōpositumque tenē. 470 Tempore difficilēs veniunt ad arātra iuvencī, 471 tempore lenta patī frēna docentur equī: 472
accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 2 iuvencus, -ī m.: young bull amīca, -ae f.: friend, 3 nisi: if not, unless, 4 arātrum, -ī n.: plow, 2 odium, -iī n.: hatred cōnsuētus, -a, -um: customary, ordinary praesēns, -sentis: present, in person crēdibilis, -e: believeable, credible prōpositum, -ī n.: plan, objective dēclāmō (1): speak oratorically, declaim remittō -ere -mīsī -missum: send back (practice speaking) scrīptum, -ī n.: note, something written difficilis, -e: difficult, obstinate sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, diction, doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctum: teach, tell, 2 speech, 3 frēnum, -ī n.: bit, bridle, rein, 2 spērō (1): hope, hope for, expect, 4 inlectus, -a, -um: unread valēns (valentis): strong, forceful inops (inopis): lacking, bereft of (gen.)
465 nisi (vir) mentis inops loquī: pres. inf. of deponent loquor 466 valēns odiī līttera causa fuit: valēns 469 (puella) accipiet: fut. līttera fuit causa odiī 470 (eam) lectūram (esse): that (she is) 467 Sit tibi: may you have (lit. may there be going to...; indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) to you); dat. of possession with jussive subj. after spērā with fut. act. inf. 468 ut videār(is): so that...; purpose clause, 471 Tempore...tempore...: abl. time within syncopated 2nd sg. pres. subjunctive, passive which videō can be translated as “seem” 472 patī: pres. inf. of deponent patior
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ferreus adsiduō cōnsūmitur ānulus ūsū, 473 interit adsiduā vōmer aduncus humō. 474 Quid magis est sāxō dūrum, quid mollius undā? 475 Dūra tamen mollī sāxa cavantur aquā. 476 Pēnelopēn ipsam, perstā modo, tempore vincēs: 477 capta vidēs sērō Pergama, capta tamen. 478 Lēgerit, et nōlit rescrībere? cōgere nōlī: 479 tū modo blanditiās fac legat usque tuās. 480
adsiduus, -a, -um: constant, incessant, 2 Pēnelopē, -ēs f.: Penelope aduncus, -a, -um: hooked, 2 Pergama, -ōrum (-um, -ī n.): Pergamum ānulus, -ī m.: ring (citadel of Troy) blanditia, -ae f.: flattery, compliment, 4 perstō, -āre, -stetī: stand firm, perservere cavō (1): hollow out rescrībō, -ere: write back, 2 cōnsūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī: use up, consume, sāxum, -ī n.: rock, 2 destroy sērus, -a, -um: late, a late time, 2 dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, 3 usque: up to, until; continuously, all the way, ferreus, -a, -um: made of iron 3 intereō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: die, perish, 2 ūsus, -ūs m.: experience, practice; need, 2 magis: more, rather, 2 vōmer, vōmeris m.: plow, 2
473 adsiduō...ūsū: abl. means tempore: abl. time within which 474 adsiduā...humō: from..., because of...; 478 capta...Pergama: PPP; Ovid compares abl. cause the challenging, drawn-out task of winning 475 sāxō: than...; abl. comparison over the reluctant girl to the siege of Troy quid (est) mollius: n. sg. comp. adj. 479 Lēgerit: has she...?; pf. deliberative undā: than...; abl. comparison subjunctive 476 mollī...aquā: abl. means nōlit: does she...?; pres. deliberative 477 Pēnelopēn: Greek sg. acc. obj. of vincēs; subjunctive Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, was known cōgere nōlī: don’t...! (lit. be unwilling...!); for her faithfulness to her husband negative sg. imperative throughout his 20-year absence during the 480 tū...fac (ut) legat: you see to it that she...; Trojan War and his prolonged journey pres. imperative faciō governs noun result home, despite being pressured to remarry by clause with pres. subj. legat; Ovid her many suitors encourages the reader to keep writing to the perstā modo: only...!; a parenthetical aside girl, even if she does not initially reply to to the reader his letters
60 Writing Letters
Quae voluit lēgisse, volet rescrībere lectīs: 481 per numerōs venient ista gradūsque suōs. 482 Forsitan et prīmō veniet tibi littera trīstis, 483 quaeque roget, nē sē sollicitāre vēlīs. 484 Quod rogat illa, timet; quod nōn rogat, optat, ut īnstēs; 485 insequere, et vōtī postmodo compos eris. 486 Intereā, sīve illa torō resupīna ferētur, 487 lectīcam dominae dissimulanter adī, 488
adeō, -īre: go to, approach, 4 lectīca, -ae f.: litter (portable couch) compos (compotis): in possession of, numerus, -ī m.: number, measure; group, 2 enjoyment of (gen) optō (1): wish for, desire, 2 dissimulanter: secretly, dessemblingly postmodo: afterwards, after a while forsitan: perhaps rescrībō, -ere: write back, 2 gradus, -ūs m.: step, pace; stairs, 2 resupīnus, -a, -um: reclined, lying back īnsequor, -sequī, īnsecūtum: proceed, pursue sollicitō (1): agitate, harass, cause anxiety īnstō, -āre, -stitī: approach, threaten, persist, 3 torus, -ī m.: bed, couch, 3 intereā: meanwhile
481 (Puella) Quae voluit (litterās tuās) sē: her; reflexive pron., refers to the puella lēgisse: rel. clause, missing antecedent 485 (id) Quod rogat illa: that which...; i.e. puella is understood subj. of volet that the reader will cease to pursue her; volet: fut. missing antecedent is understood obj. of (litterīs) lectīs: abl. absolute timet 482 per numerōs venient ista gradūsque (id) quod nōn rogat: that which...; i.e. that suōs: such things will come in their own the reader will continue his attempts to win stages and steps; Ovid encourages the her over; missing antecedent is understood reader to be patient, saying that the affair object of optat will progress at its own rate ut īnstēs: (namely) that...; noun purpose venient: fut. clause in apposition to (id) quod nōn rogat ista: n. pl. substantive, add “things” when 486 insequere: sg. deponent imperative translating vōtī (tuī): (your) wish, (your) desire 483 et: even 487 sīve...Seu: if...or if...; sīve is answered by prīmō: at the beginning, at first; abl. as seu in ln. 491 adv. ferētur: fut. in protasis of future more vivid veniet: fut. condition, translate as pres. with future tibi: dat. of interest sense 484 quaeque roget: and one which...; pres. (in) torō: Ovid refers to the bed of a litter subj. in rel. clause of characteristic (lectica), in which the girl might be carried nē...sollicitāre vēlīs: that you not be through the streets by slaves willing…; indirect command, 2nd sg. pres. 488 adī: sg. imperative adeō subj. volō
61 Ars Amatoria Liber I
nēve aliquis verbīs odiōsās offerat aurīs, 489 quā potes ambiguīs callidus abde notīs. 490 Seu pedibus vacuīs illī spatiōsa terētur 491 porticus, hīc sociās tū quoque iunge morās: 492 et modo praecēdās facitō, modo terga sequāris, 493 et modo festinēs, et modo lentus eās: 494 nec tibi dē mediīs aliquot trānsīre columnās 495 sit pudor, aut laterī continuāsse latus; 496
abdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: hide, put away odiōsus, -a, -um: disagreeable, hateful aliquot: several offerō, -ferre, obtulī, oblātum: offer ambiguus, -a, -um: uncertain, obscure, porticus, -ūs f.: portico, colonnade, 2 changing praecēdō, -ere, -cessī: go before, lead the way auris, -is f.: ear, 2 sequor, sequī, secūtum: follow, attend, callidus, -a, -um: clever, skilful, adroit pursue, 3 columna, -ae f.: pillar, column socius, -a, -um: friendly, allied, shared, 3 continuō (1): join, connect, 2 spatiōsus, -a, -um: spacious festinō (1): hasten, hurry trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itum: cross, go over mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 4 vacuus, -a, -um: empty, idle, free from (gen) nēve: or not, and not, and lest, 3 2 nota, -ae f.: mark, sign; gesture; remark, 3
489 nēve...offerat: and lest...; negative praecēdās facitō: facitō (ut) praecēdās; see purpose clause with pres. subj. to it (that)…; fut. imperative faciō governs a odiōsās...aurīs: -īs is alternate form of 3rd noun result clause with pres. subj. declension -ēs in pl. acc. terga (puellae): poetic pl., translate as sg. 490 quā potēs: how..., in what way...; adv. (facitō ut) sequāris...festinēs...eās...: (see ambiguīs...notīs: i.e. words with a hidden, to it that) you...; noun result clauses with suggestive meaning behind them pres. subj. callidus: translate nom. adj. as adverb 494 et modo...et modo...: see above abde (tua verba) lentus: translate nom. adj. as adverb 491 Seu: or if...; answers sīvē in ln. 487 eās: pres. subj. eō in noun result clause; see illī: of that one; i.e. the puella; dat. of above possession or reference 495 nec tibi...sit pudor: nor may you be spatiōsa...porticus: fem. sg. subj. of terētur ashamed (lit. nor may there be to you terētur: fut. in protasis of future more vivid shame); dat. of possession with jussive subj. condition, translate as pres. with future dē mediīs: in between (you and her) (lit. sense from the middle) 492 sociās...iunge morās: match (your) aliquot...columnās: obj. of trānsīre friendly pauses (with hers) (lit. join friendly 496 laterī: to (her)...; dat. ind. obj. delays); if the reader sees the girl taking a continuā(vi)sse: syncopated pf. act. inf. stroll through the colonnades, Ovid says, he (tuum) latus: obj. of continuāsse should hang back to walk near her friendlily 493 modo...modo...: now...now..., sometimes... sometimes...; adverbs
62 Remaining at Her Side
nec sine tē curvō sedeat speciōsa theātrō: 497 quod spectēs, umerīs adferet illa suīs. 498 Illam respiciās, illam mīrēre licēbit: 499 multa superciliō, multa loquāre notīs. 500 Et plaudās, aliquam mīmō saltante puellam: 501 et faveās illī, quisquis agātur amāns. 502 Cum surgit, surgēs; dōnec sedet illa, sedēbis; 503 arbitriō dominae tempora perde tuae. 504
adferō, -ferre, attulī, allatum: bring (to), use quisquis, quicquid: whoever, whatever, 4 against, 2 respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum: look back, arbitrium, -iī n.: decision, choice, pleasure look to, 3 curvus, -a, -um: curved, bent, 3 saltō (1): to dance, 2 dōnec: while, as long as, until speciōsus, -a, -um: good-looking, attractive mīmus, -ī m.: mime supercilium, -iī n.: eyebrow mīror, -ārī, -ātum: admire, wonder at theātrum, -ī n.: theater, 4 nota, -ae f.: mark, sign; gesture; remark, 3 umerus, -ī m.: shoulder plaudō, -ere, -sī, -sum: applaud, pat, clap, 3
497 (in) curvō...theātrō aliquam...puellam: (as) some...; obj. of sedeat speciōsa (puella): let...; jussive subj. saltante; Roman actors were male, so the 498 (id) quod spectēs: (that) which...; rel. reader is instructed to applaud the man clause of characteristic, missing antecedent playing the role of a woman. Ovid refers is obj. of adferet here to the dramatic genre of farce, a type of umerīs...suīs: with her...; abl. means; Ovid short comic play characterized by explains that, if the reader accompanies the exaggeration and vulgarity. girl to the theater, he will find himself mīmō saltante: abl. abs., pres. act. pple. gazing at her figure more than the show 502 faveās: you should...; jussive subj. itself illī: that one; antecedent of quisquis, dat. adferet: will provide; fut. ind. obj. after faveās 499 respiciās: you should...; jussive subj. agātur: is represented as, is portrayed as; after licēbit pres. subj. in rel. clause of characteristic mīrēr(is): you should...; syncopated 2nd sg. amāns: pred. nom. after agātur; naturally, jussive subj. after licēbit the reader should applaud to see a version of 500 multa: n. pl. substantive, add “things” himself represented in the play when translating 503 Cum (puella) surgit: When...; temporal superciliō, notīs: with...; abl. means; Ovid cum clause suggests that the reader can use even a surgēs: fut. raised eyebrow and subtle gestures to 504 arbitriō dominae...tuae: according to...; communicate his intent to the girl abl. cause loquār(is): you should...; syncopated 2nd sg. tempora perde: i.e. spend time, idiomatic jussive subj. after licēbit usage 501 plaudās: you should...; jussive subj.
63 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Sed tibi nec ferrō placeat torquēre capillōs, 505 nec tua mordācī pūmice crura terās. 506 Ista iubē faciant, quōrum Cybelēïa māter 507 concinitur Phrygiīs exululāta modīs. 508 Fōrma virōs neglecta decet; Mīnōida Thēseus 509 abstulit, ā nūllā tempora cōmptus acū. 510 Hippolytum Phaedra, nec erat bene cultus, amāvit; 511 cūra deae silvīs aptus Adōnis erat. 512
acus, -ūs f.: needle, hair-pin Mīnōis, -idis f.: daughter of Minos, Ariadne Adōnis, -is m.: Adonis, 2 mordax (mordācis): biting; sharp auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away neglegō, -ere, neglēxī, neglectum: neglect cōmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: comb, arrange Phaedra, -ae f.: Phaedra, 2 concinō, -ere, -cinui: celebrate in song Phrygius, -a, -um: Phrygian, i.e. Trojan, 3 crūs, crūris n.: leg, 2 pūmex, pūmicis m.: pumice stone Cybelēïa, -ae f.: Cybele (mother goddess) silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 3 exululō (1): invoke with howling tempus, -poris n.: temple (part of the head) ferrum, -ī n.: iron; sword Thēseus, -ī m.: Theseus, 3 Hippolytus, -ī m.: Hippolytus, 2 torqueō, -ēre, torsī, tortum: twist, torment, 2
505 ferrō: with a curling iron; abl. means; as 508 Phrygiīs...modīs: with...; abl. means, in modern times, the Romans used heated translate modīs as “melodies” tubes of iron to curl their hair. Ovid warns exululāta: PPP, modifying māter the reader to avoid this foppish style. 509 Fōrma...neglecta: subj. of decet, PPP placeat: let it...; jussive subj., impersonal Mīnōida: Greek sg. acc.; falling in love 506 mordācī pūmice: with...; abl. means; with the hero Theseus upon his arrival to rubbing the legs with a pumice stone was a Crete, Ariadne decided to betray her common hair removal technique among father’s wishes and help Theseus on his Roman women, but, again, Ovid warns the quest to kill the Minotaur. She gave Theseus reader against adopting this as part of his a ball of thread to unravel as he made his beauty regimen way through the labyrinth which contained terās: you should...; jussive subj. the beast so that he could find his way out 507 Ista: i.e. hair curling and leg hair again. Afterwards, Theseus took Ariadne removal; substantive n. pl. obj. of with him on his journey back to Athens, but faciant, add “things” when translating abandoned her soon after on Naxos. (ut) faciant: that they...; indirect command 510 ā nullā...acū: with..., by...; abl. agent with after imperative iubē inanimate object quōrum: whose; rel. pron., antecedent is tempora cōmptus: having arranged his unstated 3rd pl. subj. of faciant; Ovid here hair (lit. having been arranged with respect refers to the priests of Cybele, a Trojan to his temples); PPP with acc. of respect mother goddess whose worship spread to 511 Hippolytum, Phaedra: see note ln. 338 Rome in the third century BC. Cybele’s erat...cultus: plpf. pass. colō priests, the Galli, were eunuchs who grew 512 cūra...erat: Adōnis, aptus silvīs, erat cūra their hair long, dressed in women’s deae clothing, and played wild, ecstatic music as deae: to...; i.e. Venus; see note ln. 75 part of their religious rituals. silvīs: for...; dat. after aptus
64 Personal Hygiene
Munditiē placeant, fuscentur corpora Campō: 513 sit bene conveniēns et sine lābe toga: 514 lingula nē rigeat, careant rūbīgine dentēs, 515 nec vagus in laxā pēs tibi pelle natet: 516 nec male dēformet rigidōs tōnsūra capillōs: 517 sit coma, sit trītā barba resecta manū. 518 Et nihil ēmineant, et sint sine sordibus unguēs: 519 inque cavā nūllus stet tibi nāre pilus. 520
barba, -ae f.: beard nihil (nil): nothing; not at all, 4 campus, -ī m.: field pellis, -is f.: hide, leather; shoe careō, -ēre: be without, lack, abstain from, 4 pilus, -ī m.: hair (something of no value) cavus, -a, -um: hollow, rounded, 4 resecō, -āre, resecuī, resectus: cut back, trim dēformō (1): spoil, deform, bend out of shape rigeō, -ēre: be stiff, be numb, stiffen dēns, dentis m.: tooth rigidus, -a, -um: stiff, rigid, hard ēmineō, -ēre, -uī: be prominent rūbīgo, -inis f.: rust fuscō (1): to make dark, make tan, darken sordes, -is f.: dirt, filth lābēs, -is f.: spot, mark, stain, 2 stō, -āre, stetī: stand, stand still, 4 laxus, -a, -um: loose, slackened, unstrung, 2 toga, -ae f.: toga lingula, -ae f.: little tongue, tongue tōnsūra, -ae f.: haircut, cutting munditiēs, -ēī f.: cleanliness trītus, -a, -um: well-worn, familiar nāris, -is (nāsis) f.: nostril; nose, 2 unguis, -is m.: fingernail; toenail natō (1): swim, float, 2 vagus, -a, -um: wandering, roaming
513 Munditiē: with...; abl. respect 516 in laxā...pelle: i.e. a loose-fitting sandal placeant, fuscentur: should...; jussive tibi: your (lit. for you); dat. of interest or subj., corpora is subject possession (in) Campō: the Campus Martius, a natet: should...; jussive subj. spacious field in Rome, was a popular spot 517 dēformet: should...; jussive subj. for exercising 518 sit coma, sit...barba resecta: coma 514 sit: should...; jussive subj. (resecta) sit...barba resecta sit; the hair 515 nē rigeat: should not...; negative jussive should have been...; jussive pf. pass. subj. subj. trītā...manū: abl. means careant: should...; jussive subj. 519 ēmineant, sint: should...; jussive subj., rūbīgine: rust; abl. separation after careant unguēs is subject dentēs: the meaning is unclear, though 520 in...cavā...nāre Ovid may be referring to a part of a shoe stet: should...; jussive subj. and playing with double-meanings of both tibi: see above lingula and dentēs
65 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Nec male odōrātī sit trīstis anhēlitus ōris: 521 nec laedat nārīs virque paterque gregis. 522 Cētera lascīvae faciant, concēde, puellae, 523 et sī quis male vir quaerit habēre virum. 524 Ecce, suum vātem Līber vocat; hic quoque amantēs 525 adiuvat, et flammae, quā calet ipse, favet. 526 Cnōsis in ignōtīs āmens errābat harēnīs, 527 quā brevis aequoreīs Dīa feritur aquīs. 528
adiuvō (1): help, assist errō (1): to wander about; be mistaken, 2 aequoreus, -a, -um: of the sea, 2 feriō, -īre: strike, lash āmens (āmentis): out of one’s mind, frantic flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, 4 anhēlitus, -ūs m.: breathing, panting, breath grex, gregis m.: flock, herd, 3 brevis, -e: short, brief, small, humble ignōscō, -ere, īgnōvī, īgnōtum: forgive (dat), caleō, -ēre, -uī: be hot, be warm 2 cēterī, -ae, -a: other, remaining, rest, 3 lascīvus, -a, -um: playful, lascivious Cnōsiās (Cnōsis), -iādis (f. adj.): Cnossian, Līber, Līberī m.: Līber (‘Free,’ i.e. Bacchus) of Cnossus (Knossus, Crete), 3 nāris, -is (nāsis) f.: nostril; nose, 2 concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: go away, odōrātus, -a, -um: fragrant, scented allow, permit, yield, 3 vātēs, -is m./f.: prophet, seer, poet, 2 Dīa, -ae f.: Dia (old name for the Greek island vocō (1): call, name; invite, summon, 3 of Naxos)
521 Nec...sit: there should not...; jussive subj. 524 sī (ali)quis: if anyone; indefinite after sī male odōrātī...ōris: of..., from...; gen. after male vir: barely a man; Ovid disparages anhēlitus the sort of man who desires another man as trīstis anhēlitus: unpleasant breath; a lover, suggesting that he is not truly a man nominative subject after sit and that, like the lascīvae feminae, he is 522 laedat: should...; jussive subj. overly fastidious about his appearance narīs: -īs is alternate form of 3rd declension virum (amantem) -ēs in pl. acc. 525 suum vātem: i.e. Ovid, who is about to virque paterque gregis: both the man and describe Bacchus’ love for Ariadne the father of the herd; i.e. a male goat, an Līber: an epithet for Bacchus, the god of unpleasant-smelling animal; Ovid here uses wine, because of wine’s ability to free men a humorously indirect phrase to refer to a of their inhibitions “caper” (a male goat). “Caper” is used as a 526 flammae: the flame; dat. ind. obj. of euphemism for body odor in Latin. favet; refers to love via metonymy 523 Cētera: i.e. all other attempts at making quā: by...; abl. means oneself more attractive through careful 527 Cnōsis: the girl from Knossus; i.e. grooming; n. pl. substantive, add “things” Ariadne, who was abandoned by Theseus lascīvae faciant, concēde, puellae: concēde on the island of Naxos (see note ln. 509). (ut) lascīvae puellae faciant; allow that...; She was rescued by Bacchus, who fell in imperative governs a noun result clause love with and married her. with pres. subj.; this forceful imperative in ignōtīs...harēnīs brings to an end the long series of jussive 528 quā: where; adv. subjunctives feritur: from feriō, ferīe (not ferō, ferre)
66 Bacchus and Ariadne
Utque erat ē somnō tunicā vēlāta recīnctā, 529 nūda pedem, croceās inreligāta comās, 530 Thēsea crūdēlem surdās clāmābat ad undās, 531 indignō tenerās imbre rigante genās. 532 Clāmābat, flēbatque simul, sed utrumque decēbat; 533 nōn facta est lacrimīs turpior illa suīs. 534 Iamque iterum tundēns mollissima pectora palmīs 535 ‘Perfidus ille abiit; quid mihi fīet?’ ait. 536
abeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum: go away, depart, 4 nūdus, -a, -um: naked, bare aiō: to say, affirm, say yes, 3 palma, -ae f.: palm, hand clāmō (1): shout (at), cry out (to), 3 perfidus, -a, -um: treacherous, traitorous croceus, -a, -um: saffron-colored, saffron recingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -ctum: loosen, ungird crūdēlis, -e: unfeeling, cruel rigō (1): wet, moisten fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētum: weep, 2 simul: at the same time (as); at once gena, -ae f.: cheek, 2 somnus, -ī m.: sleep imber, imbris m.: rain, rainshower, 2 surdus, -a, -um: deaf, not listening indignus, -a, -um: unworthy, undeserving, Thēseus, -ī m.: Theseus, 3 undeserved, cruel, 2 tundō, -ere, tetudī: beat, pound, bruise inreligātus, -a, -um: untied, not tied back tunica, -ae f.: tunic iterum: again, a second time vēlō (1): cover, wrap, veil
529 Utque erat ē somnō: and as she was just 532 indignō...imbre rigante: with...; abl. after sleep; clause of comparison; Theseus abs., pres. act. pple. abandoned Ariadne while she was sleeping 533 utrumque decēbat: Ovid remarks that tunicā...recīnctā: with...; abl. means, PPP Ariadne was attractive whether she was vēlāta: PPP, describing Ariadne, yelling or crying understood subj. of erat and clāmābat 534 turpior: comp. adj., predicate nominative 530 pedem: with respect to (her)...; acc. of after facta est respect after nūda 535 mollissima pectora: poetic pl., translate croceās...comās: with respect to (her)...; as sg., superl. adj. acc. of respect after inreligāta 536 Perfidus ille: i.e. Theseus 531 Thēsea: Greek sg. acc. abiit: pf. abeō surdās: modifies undās fīet: fut. fiō
67 Ars Amatoria Liber I
‘Quid mihi fīet?’ ait: sonuērunt cymbala tōtō 537 lītore, et adtonitā tympana pulsa manū. 538 Excidit illa metū, rūpitque novissima verba; 539 nūllus in exanimī corpore sanguis erat. 540 Ecce Mimallonidēs sparsīs in terga capillīs: 541 ecce levēs satyrī, praevia turba deī: 542 ēbrius, ecce, senex pandō Sīlēnus asellō 543 vix sedet, et pressās continet ante iubās. 544
adtonitus, -a, -um: astonished, crazed, frantic pandus, -a, -um: curved, bent aiō: to say, affirm, say yes, 3 pellō, -ere, pepulī, pulsum: drive, beat asellus, -ī m.: ass, donkey, 2 praevius, -a, -um: leading the way contineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold together, rumpō, -ere, rūpī, -uptum: break, interrupt, 2 hold tightly, confine, 2 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 2 cymbalum, -ī n.: cymbal satyrus, -ī m.: satyr (half human and goat) ēbrius, -a, -um: drunk senex, senis m.: old man; adj. old, 3 exanimis, -e: lifeless Sīlēnus, -ī m.: Silenus (tutor of Bacchus) excidō, -ere, excidī: faint, swoon; slip out sonō, -ere, -uī: sound, celebrate (in speech), iuba, -ae f.: mane, hair (on the neck), 2 echo, 2 lītus, lītoris n.: shore, beach, 2 tōtus (-ius, -ī) -a, -um: whole, entire metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 4 tympanum, -ī n.: drum; tambourine Mimallon, -nidis f.: (Macedonian for vix: hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, 3 Bacchantes, female followers of Bacchus)
537 fīet: fut. fiō 542 levēs satyrī: i.e. playful (in) tōtō...lītore praevia turba: in apposition to satyrī 538 adtonitā...manū: abl. means deī: i.e. Bacchus; possessive gen. after turba tympana pulsa: PPP pellō; the satyrs and 543 (in) pandō...asellō bacchantes of Bacchus’ retinue are often Sīlēnus: the drunken old Silenus was a portrayed dancing and playing drums and companion of Bacchus, often portrayed as cymbals during their revelry so inebriated that he was unable to support 539 illa: i.e. Ariadne himself and needed to be carried by a metū: from...; abl. of cause donkey novissima verba: most recent...; superl. 544 pressās...iubās: PPP premō, trans. as adj.; Ovid explains that Ariadne was so “grasped” surprised to hear the raucous music that she ante: in front; adv.; some editions suggest broke off in the middle of lamenting the manuscript variant arte, “by art” 541 sparsīs...capillīs: abl. abs.; the bacchantes’ hair is not neatly arranged, but loose and wild
68 Ars Amatoria Liber I Bacchus and Ariadne
‘Quid mihi fīet?’ ait: sonuērunt cymbala tōtō 537 Dum sequitur Bacchās, Bacchae fugiuntque petuntque 545 lītore, et adtonitā tympana pulsa manū. 538 quadrupedem ferulā dum malus urget eques, 546 Excidit illa metū, rūpitque novissima verba; 539 in caput aurītō cecidit dēlāpsus asellō: 547 nūllus in exanimī corpore sanguis erat. 540 clāmārunt satyrī ‘surge age, surge, pater.’ 548 Ecce Mimallonidēs sparsīs in terga capillīs: 541 Iam deus in currū, quem summum tēxerat ūvīs, 549 ecce levēs satyrī, praevia turba deī: 542 tigribus adiunctīs aurea lōra dabat: 550 ēbrius, ecce, senex pandō Sīlēnus asellō 543 et color et Thēseus et vōx abiēre puellae: 551 vix sedet, et pressās continet ante iubās. 544 terque fugam petiit, terque retenta metū est. 552
adtonitus, -a, -um: astonished, crazed, frantic pandus, -a, -um: curved, bent abeō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -itum: go away, depart, 4 lōra, -ōrum n.: reins, leather straps, 2 aiō: to say, affirm, say yes, 3 pellō, -ere, pepulī, pulsum: drive, beat adiungō, -ere, -iunxī, -iunctum: join, harness metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 4 asellus, -ī m.: ass, donkey, 2 praevius, -a, -um: leading the way asellus, -ī m.: ass, donkey, 2 quādrupēs, -pedis m.: quadruped; horse, 2 contineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold together, rumpō, -ere, rūpī, -uptum: break, interrupt, 2 aureus, -a, -um: golden, gold, 2 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 2 hold tightly, confine, 2 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 2 aurītus, -a, -um: long-eared; having ears satyrus, -ī m.: satyr (half human and goat) cymbalum, -ī n.: cymbal satyrus, -ī m.: satyr (half human and goat) Baccha, -ae f.: Bacchante, 3 sequor, sequī, secūtum: follow, attend, ēbrius, -a, -um: drunk senex, senis m.: old man; adj. old, 3 caput, capitis n.: head; life, 4 pursue, 3 exanimis, -e: lifeless Sīlēnus, -ī m.: Silenus (tutor of Bacchus) clāmō (1): shout (at), cry out (to), 3 summus, -a, -um: highest, top of, 2 excidō, -ere, excidī: faint, swoon; slip out sonō, -ere, -uī: sound, celebrate (in speech), color, colōris m.: color, 4 ter: thrice, 3 iuba, -ae f.: mane, hair (on the neck), 2 echo, 2 dēlābor, -lābī, dēlāpsum: glide, slip, 2 Thēseus, -ī m.: Theseus, 3 lītus, lītoris n.: shore, beach, 2 tōtus (-ius, -ī) -a, -um: whole, entire eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider Tīgris, Tīgidis m.: Tigris river metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 4 tympanum, -ī n.: drum; tambourine ferula, -ae f.: whip, rod; fennel stalk urgeō, -ere, ursī: press, urge, distress Mimallon, -nidis f.: (Macedonian for vix: hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, 3 fūga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 2 ūva, -ae f.: grape Bacchantes, female followers of Bacchus) 545 fugiuntque petuntque (eum): both... lōra dabat: the phrase “to give the reins to” 537 fīet: fut. fiō 542 levēs satyrī: i.e. playful and...; the Bacchantes lightheartedly means to allow the reins to slacken, giving (in) tōtō...lītore praevia turba: in apposition to satyrī pretend to run away from Silenus, only to the animals more freedom of motion 538 adtonitā...manū: abl. means deī: i.e. Bacchus; possessive gen. after turba come back again 551 et color et Thēseus et vōx: both... tympana pulsa: PPP pellō; the satyrs and 543 (in) pandō...asellō 546 quadrupedem: i.e. the donkey and...and...; joining compound subject of bacchantes of Bacchus’ retinue are often Sīlēnus: the drunken old Silenus was a malus...eques: i.e. Silenus abiēre portrayed dancing and playing drums and companion of Bacchus, often portrayed as 547 (ex) aurītō...asellō: from... abiēr(unt): syncopated 3rd pl. pf.; Ovid uses cymbals during their revelry so inebriated that he was unable to support cecidit: pf. cadō a zeugma here, a rhetorical device in which 539 illa: i.e. Ariadne himself and needed to be carried by a dēlāpsus: deponent PPP a word is used both literally and figuratively metū: from...; abl. of cause donkey 548 clāmā(ve)runt: syncopated 3rd pl. pf. in the same sentence. Ariadne’s color and novissima verba: most recent...; superl. 544 pressās...iubās: PPP premō, trans. as age: come on!; sg. imperative; age is often voice have figuratively “departed” in the adj.; Ovid explains that Ariadne was so “grasped” used to grab the audience’s attention before sense that she has grown pale and is surprised to hear the raucous music that she ante: in front; adv.; some editions suggest another imperative speechless upon witnessing Bacchus’ broke off in the middle of lamenting the manuscript variant arte, “by art” pater: the satyrs refer to Silenus in this way arrival. Theseus, on the other hand, has 541 sparsīs...capillīs: abl. abs.; the because of his age literally departed from Naxos in his ship, bacchantes’ hair is not neatly arranged, but 549 deus: i.e. Bacchus but has also now figuratively departed from loose and wild quem summum: the top of which; rel. Ariadne’s thoughts, as Bacchus’ arrival has clause, antecedent is currū caused her to forget her sorrow. 550 tigribus adiunctīs: to...; dat. ind. obj. puellae: for...; dat. of interest after dabat, PPP; Bacchus rides in a chariot 552 terque...terque...: both...and... pulled by tigers, as he comes from the East petiit: alternate form of petīvit (see note ln. 190) metū: abl. means
68 69 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Horruit, ut gracilēs, agitat quās ventus, aristae, 553 ut levis in madidā canna palūde tremit. 554 Cui deus ‘ēn, adsum tibi cūra fidēlior’ inquit: 555 ‘Pōne metum: Bacchī, Cnōsias, uxor eris. 556 Mūnus habē caelum; caelō spectābere sīdus; 557 saepe regēs dubiam Crēssa Corōna ratem.’ 558 Dīxit, et ē currū, nē tigrēs illa timēret, 559 dēsilit; inpositō cessit harēna pede: 560
agitō (1): stir, move about, shake fidēlis, -e: faithful arista, -ae f.: ears of grain (on the stalk) gracilis, -e: slender, thin Bacchus, -ī m.: Bacchus, 4 horreō, -ēre, -uī: shudder, bristle; avoid caelum, -ī n.: sky, 4 inpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus: put upon, place canna, -ae f.: reed, cane down on, impose, 2 cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum: yield (to), give way inquam, inquis, inquit: say (direct speech), 2 (to), withdraw (dat.), 3 madidus, -a, -um: wet; drenched, 2 Cnōsiās (Cnōsis), -iādis (f. adj.): Cnossian, metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 4 of Cnossus (Knossus, Crete), 3 palūs, palūdis f.: swamp, marsh corōna, -ae f.: crown, garland, 3 regō, -ere, rēxī, rectum: rule, guide, direct, 3 Crēssa, -ae f.: Cretan, woman from Crete, 2 sīdus, sīderis n.: constellation, star, 2 dēsiliō, -īre, -siluī (-īvī), -sultum: leap/jump Tīgris, Tīgidis m.: Tigris river down tremō, -ere, -uī: tremble dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 2 ēn: Behold!, Look!, 2 ventus, -ī m.: wind, 4
553 Horruit: Ariadne is understood subject spectāber(is): syncopated 2nd sg. fut. pass. ut gracilēs...aristae (horrent): just as...; sīdus: (as a)...; in apposition to 2nd sg. subj. clause of comparison of spectābere agitat quās ventus: quās ventus agitat, rel. 558 regēs: fut. clause Crēssa Corōna: (as the)...; in apposition to 554 ut: just as; clause of comparison 2nd sg. subj. of regēs; Bacchus here in madidā...palūde promises to immortalize Ariadne by placing 555 Cui: to this one; connective relative, her crown in the sky as a constellation. The translate as demonstrative Cretan Crown, now known as the Corona tibi: for...; dat. of interest Borealis or Northern Crown, is a cūra fidēlior: (as a) more faithful (object of constellation in the northern hemisphere your) care; in apposition to the 1st sg. made of seven stars arranged in the shape of subject of adsum a crown. 556 pōne: i.e. put aside 559 nē...timēret: so that...not...; negative Cnōsias: o girl from Knossus; sg. voc., purpose clause with imperfect subj. addressing Ariadne 560 Dēsil(īv)it: likely a syncopated perfect 557 Mūnus: (as a)...; in apposition to caelum inpositō...pede: abl. abs. (in) caelō
70 Bacchus and Ariadne
implicitamque sinū (neque enim pugnāre valēbat) 561 abstulit; in facilī est omnia posse deō. 562 Pars ‘Hymenaee’ canunt, pars clāmant ‘Euhiōn, euhoe!’ 563 sīc coeunt sacrō nūpta deusque torō. 564 Ergō ubi contigerint positī tibi mūnera Bacchī, 565 atque erit in sociī fēmina parte torī, 566 Nycteliumque patrem nocturnaque sacra precāre, 567 nē iubeant capitī vīna nocēre tuō. 568
auferō, -ferre, abstulī, -lātum: carry away implicō, -āre, implicuī, implicitum: involve, Bacchus, -ī m.: Bacchus, 4 envelop, embrace canō, -ere: sing (about), 4 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal caput, capitis n.: head; life, 4 nūpta, -ae f.: bride, wife clāmō (1): shout (at), cry out (to), 3 Nyctelius, -iī m.: Nyctelius (epithet of coeō, -īre, -iī, coitum: come together, form Bacchus) contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tactum: touch, reach, precor, -ārī, -ātum: pray (to), beg, entreat, 3 happen, befall, 3 pugnō (1): fight, 4 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 4 sacrum, -ī n.: sacred thing, sacrifice, religious Euhios, -ī m. (acc. -on): Euhios (surname of rites (pl.), 3 Bacchus) sinus, -ūs m.: bay, gulf; bosom, lap, 2 euhoe: Euhoe! (shout at Bacchic festival) socius, -a, -um: friendly, allied, shared, 3 Hymenaeus, -ī m.: Hymenaeus (god of torus, -ī m.: bed, couch, 3 weddings) valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, be able, be effective, 2
561 (eam) implicitam: PPP, describing positī...mūnera Bacchī: the gifts of Ariadne Bacchus, placed out; i.e. wine; positī is PPP (in) sinū ponō and a transferred epithet, as it should valēbat: subject is Ariadne logically modify munera 562 abstulit: subject is Bacchus tibi: you; dat. after contigerint in facilī est omnia posse: to be capable of 566 erit: fut. sum, translate as pres. with all things is easy; in facilī is idiomatic usage future sense deō: for...; dat. of reference in sociī...parte torī: in parte sociī torī; Ovid 563 Pars...pars...: some…others…; i.e. of refers to a dining couch, which could Bacchus’ retinue of Bacchantes and satyrs; typically accommodate three reclining these collective nouns are singular subjects diners at once of plural canunt, clāmant 567 precāre: sg. deponent imperative Hymenaee: sg. voc.; the revelers invoke 568 nē iubeant: that they not...; neg. indirect Hymenaeus, the god of marriage, as command; Ovid instructs the reader to pray Ariadne’s encounter with Bacchus to Bacchus that the wine does not cause him culminates in a wedding to lose his senses when he has the chance to Euhiōn: Greek sg. acc. of exclamation charm a girl at a dinner party 564 (in) sacrō...torō capitī...tuō: dat. of ind. obj. after nocēre 565 contigerint: fut. pf., translate as pres. with future sense
71 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Hīc tibi multa licet sermōne latentia tectō 569 dīcere, quae dīcī sentiat illa sibi: 570 blanditiāsque levēs tenuī perscrībere vīnō, 571 ut dominam in mēnsā sē legat illa tuam: 572 atque oculōs oculīs spectāre fatentibus ignem: 573 saepe tacēns vocem verbaque vultus habet. 574 Fac prīmus rapiās illīus tacta labellīs 575 pōcula, quāque bibet parte puella, bibās: 576
blanditia, -ae f.: flattery, compliment, 4 perscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī: write out fateor, -ērī, fassum: acknowledge, confess, 2 pōculum, -ī n.: cup ignis, -is m.: fire, 3 sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, diction, labellum, -ī n.: little lip, 2 speech, 3 lateō, -ēre, -uī: lie hidden, 4 taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: be silent, 2 mēnsa, -ae f.: table, 4 vultus, -ūs m.: countenance, face, 3
569 multa...latentia: n. pl. substantive adj. oculīs (tuīs): abl. means with pres. act. pple., add ‘things’ when spectāre: final comp. inf. after licet translating ignem: obj. of pres. act. pple. fatentibus, licet: impersonal, governs complemenary refers to passion via metonymy infinitives dīcere, perscrībere, and spectāre 574 vocem verbaque: Ovid points out that sermōne...tectō: abl. means, PPP tegō mere facial expressions can serve the same 570 quae...sentiat illa (puella): which that purpose as speech in communicating desire (girl)...; rel. clause of characteristic with 575 Fac (ut)...rapiās...bibās: see to it that...; pres. subj., multa is antecedent of n.pl.acc. pres. imperative faciō governs noun result quae clause with pres. subj. rapiās and bibās dīcī: pres. pass. inf. prīmus: translate nom. adj. as adv. sibi: to her; dat. ind. obj. after dīcī illīus (puellae): sg. possessive gen. after 571 tenuī...vīnō: abl. means; Ovid imagines labellīs the reader dipping his finger into wine and tacta...pōcula: PPP tangō subtly tracing out messages on the table to 576 (ēx) quā...parte: (from) the part (from) the girl next to him which; Ovid suggests that the reader make a perscrībere: another comp. inf. after licet display of drinking from the girl’s cup and 572 ut...legat illa (puella): so that...; purpose of putting his lips on the very spot that hers clause had just touched dominam...sē (esse)...tuam: that she (is)...; bibet: fut., translate as pres. with future indirect discourse after legat sense 573 oculōs (puellae)
72 Dinner Parties, Part II
et quemcumque cibum digitīs lībāverit illa, 577 tū pete, dumque petis, sit tibi tācta manus. 578 Sint etiam tua vōta, virō placuisse puellae: 579 ūtilior vōbīs factus amīcus erit. 580 Huic, sī sorte bibēs, sortem concēde priōrem: 581 huic dētur capitī missa corōna tuō. 582 Sīve erit īnferior, seu pār, prior omnia sūmat: 583 nec dubitēs illī verba secunda loquī. 584
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 2 mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, let caput, capitis n.: head; life, 4 loose cibus, -ī m.: food, 2 pār, paris: equal, similar, even concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: go away, quīcumque, quae-, quod-: whosoever, allow, permit, yield, 3 whichsoever, 4 corōna, -ae f.: crown, garland, 3 secundus, -a, -um: following, favorable dubitō (1): waver, hestitate, be in doubt, 3 sors, sortis f.: lot, casting of lots, 2 etiam: also, even, besides, 3 ūtilis, -e: useful, effective, 3 īnferior, -ius: lower; below, 2 vōs, vestrī, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs: you (all), 3 lībō (1): take a little of, taste
577 lībāverit: fut. pf., translate as present sorte: according to the casting of lots; abl. with future sense of means illa (puella) bibēs: fut., translate as pres. with future 578 sit...tācta: let...; pf. pass. jussive subj.; sense Ovid suggests that the reader “accidentally” 582 dētur: let...be...; jussive subj., corōna is brush the girl’s hand with his own while subject reaching for the same foods that she does (ex) capitī...tuō tibi: by...; dat. of agent missa corōna: PPP mittō manus (puellae) 583 Sīve (vir) erit īnferior (tibi), seu (vir 579 Sint: should...; jussive subj., subject is erit) pār (tibi): whether...or if...; fut. tense virō placuisse puellae of sum in protasis of future more vivid virō: dat. after placuisse; in this scenario, condition, translate as pres. with future Ovid imagines that the girl at the dinner sense; Ovid instructs the reader to allow the party already has a husband, from whom the girl’s husband to enjoy all of the food and reader is hoping to steal her away drink at the party first, no matter whether placuisse: to have...; pf. act. inf. the husband is lower down on the social puellae: possessive gen. after virō hierarchy than the reader himself 580 vōbīs: to...; dat. of interest after ūtilior prior: translate nom. adj. as adv. (vir), factus amīcus: subj. of erit, PPP sūmat: let him...; jussive subj. 581 Huic...sortem concēde priōrem: Ovid 584 dubitēs: you should...; jussive subj.; Ovid imagines the guests at the party playing a instructs the reader to agree with whatever sort of drinking game involving rolling dice. the girl’s husband says He instructs the reader to let the girl’s illī: to...; dat. after secunda husband have the first roll. loquī: pres. deponent inf.
73 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Tūta frequēnsque via est, per amīcī fallere nōmen: 585 tūta frequēnsque licet sit via, crīmen habet. 586 Inde prōcūrātor nimium quoque multa prōcūrat, 587 et sibi mandātīs plūra videnda putat. 588 Certa tibi ā nōbīs dabitur mēnsūra bibendī: 589 officium praestent mēnsque pedēsque suum. 590 Iurgia praecipuē vīnō stimulāta cavētō, 591 et nimium facilēs ad fera bella manūs. 592
amīcus, -ī m.: friend, 2 officium, -iī n.: duty, service, 3 bellum, -ī n.: war, 3 plūs, plūris: more, many, 3 certus, -a, -um: sure, fixed, reliable praecipuē: especially, 2 crīmen, crīminis n.: crime; charge, 3 praestō, -āre: perform, fulfill; stand out ferus, -a, -um: wild; subst. wild beast, 4 prōcūrātor, -ōris m.: procurator, overseer inde: from there, then, afterward, 3 prōcūrō (1): care for, attend to, manage iurgium, -iī n.: quarrel, altercation stimulō (1): goad, rouse, excite, incite mandō (1): command via, -ae, f.: way, road, 3 mēnsūra, -ae f.: measurement, quantity
585 per amīcī...nomen: Ovid assures the things commanded to him; indirect reader that it is a common ploy to gain a discourse (acc. + inf.) after putat, inf. is man’s trust through friendship in order to pass. periphrastic; comparative adj. plūra deceive him followed by abl. of comparison mandātīs, 586 licet: although (lit. it is allowed) PPP sit: it may...; pres. subj. in concessive clause 589 ā nōbīs: abl. agent, translate poetic pl. crīmen habet: it is a crime, it is wrong; nōbīs as sg. mē idiomatic usage bibendī: gen. gerund (-ing) 587 prōcūrātor: A procurator managed the 590 praestent: should...; jussive subjunctive finances of a Roman province and was mēnsque pedēsque: both...and...; Ovid responsible for collecting taxes. Ovid jokes warns the reader not to drink so much that that procurators often collected more than he becomes dull-witted and clumsy they were charged with collecting so that 591 Iuriga...stimulāta: PPP they could pocket the extra money. cavētō: sg. fut. imperative, translate as nimium...multa: adv. modifying n. pl. present imperative substantive adj., add ‘things’ when 592 nimium facilēs...manūs: hands too translating ready; pl. acc. obj. of cavētō 588 sibi mandātīs plūra videnda (esse): that ad fera bella: for...; ad + acc. can show more things must be looked over than the purpose
74 Dinner Parties, Part II
Occidit Eurytiōn stultē data vīna bibendō; 593 aptior est dulcī mēnsa merumque iocō. 594 Sī vōx est, cantā: sī mollia brāchia, saltā: 595 et quācumque potes dōte placēre, placē. 596 Ēbrietās ut vēra nocet, sīc ficta iuvābit: 597 fac titubet blaesō subdola lingua sonō, 598 ut, quicquid faciās dīcāsve protervius aequō, 599 crēdātur nimium causa fuisse merum. 600
aequus, -a, -um: equal, fair, level, even, 2 lingua, -ae f.: tongue, language, 2 blaesus, -a, -um: stammering, hesitating (in mēnsa, -ae f.: table, 4 speech) occidō, -ere, -cidī: fall, fall down, die bracchium (brāchium), -iī n.: arm protervē: forwardly, boldly, shamelessly cantō (1): sing quācumque: in whatever way, wherever dōs, dōtis f.: dowry, talent quisquis, quicquid: whoever, whatever, 4 dulcis, -e: sweet, pleasant saltō (1): to dance, 2 ēbrietās, -tātis f.: drunkenness, intoxication sonus, -ī m.: sound, 2 Eurytion, -is m.: Eurition, a centaur stultus, -a, -um: foolish, stupid, 3 fingō, -ere, finxī, fictum: make up, imagine, subdolus, -a, -um: cunning, sly; deceitful handle, 4 titubō (1): stammer, stutter iocus, -ī m.: joke, 2 ve: or, either…or, 3
593 Eurytiōn: Eurytion the centaur was one (lit. if there are to you...); dat. of possession of the guests invited to the wedding of King with understood tibi Pirithous of the Lapiths and Hippodamia. 597 ut: just as...; clause of comparison Along with the other centaurs at the party, ficta (ēbrietās): PPP fingō; Ovid suggests he became drunk and rowdy because he was that it might benefit the reader to pretend to not accustomed to wine. When he tried to be a bit drunker than he actually is, as the carry off the bride, the Lapiths attacked, and girl will forgive any cheeky comments he drove away the centaurs. makes because of his seeming inebriation stultē: adv. 598 fac (ut) titubet: see to it that...; pres. data vīna: obj. of bibendō, PPP dō imperative faciō governs noun result clause bibendō: gerund (-ing), abl. of means with pres. subj. titubet 594 aptior: comp. adj. after est, attracted to blaesō...sonō: with...; abl. manner gender and number of f. sg. mēnsa 599 ut...crēdātur...causa: so that...; purpose dulcī...iocō: for...; dat. after aptior clause mēnsa merumque: pl. subj. of sg. est; faciās dīcāsve: pres. subj. in rel. clause of translate merum as noun “unmixed wine”; characteristic the Romans typically mixed their wine with protervius: comp. adv. water before consuming it. Unmixed wine aequō: than (is) proper, than (is) would have been particularly strong. reasonable; abl. comparison after protervius 595 est (tibi): you have (lit. there is to you) 560 crēdātur...merum: causa crēdātur fuisse dat. of possession with understood tibi nimium merum; fuisse is pf. inf. sum; sī (sunt tibi) mollia brāchia: if you have...; translate merum as noun “unmixed wine”
75 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Et bene dīc dominae, bene, cum quō dormiat illa; 601 sed, male sit, tacitā mente precāre, virō. 602 At cum discēdet mēnsā convīva remōtā, 603 ipsa tibi accessūs turba locumque dabit. 604 Īnsere tē turbae, leviterque admōtus euntī 605 velle latus digitīs, et pede tange pedem. 606 Conloquiī iam tempus adest; fuge rūstice longē 607 hinc pudor; audentem Forsque Venusque iuvat. 608
accessus, -ūs m.: an approach, access, 2 īnserō, -ere, -uī: insert (acc.) in (dat.) admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: move to leviter: lightly audeō, -ēre, ausum: dare, venture, 2 mēnsa, -ae f.: table, 4 conloquium, -iī n.: conversation precor, -ārī, -ātum: pray (to), beg, entreat, 3 convīva, -ae m.: guest (at a meal) removeō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum: remove discēdō, -ere: depart, leave rūsticus, -a, -um: rural, rustic dormiō, -īre, -īvī: to sleep tacitus, -a, -um: silent, still, 4 hinc: from this place, hence, 2 vellō, -ere, vulsī, vulsum: pluck at, pinch at
601 bene dīc dominae: make a toast to... (lit. 605 turbae: into…; dat. with compound speak well to...); sg. imperative dīcō, dat. of Īnsere interest admōtus: PPP, modifies subj. of sg. bene (dīc virō) cum quō make a toast to imperative velle the man with whom; abl. accompaniment, (dominae) euntī: to...; dat. with compound antecedent of rel pron. is understood virō admōtus, pres. act. pple. eō dormiat illa (domina): pres. subj. in rel. 606 velle: sg. imperative vellō, vellere (not clause of characteristic volō, velle) 602 (ut) male sit...virō: that it may turn out... latus, pedem: i.e. of the girl (lit. “that it may be...); indirect command digitīs (tuīs), pede (tuō): abl. means after precāre, dat. of interest 607 rūstice...pudor: sg. voc.; Ovid tacitā mente: abl. manner personifies the ideal of “modesty,” precāre: sg. deponent imperative commanding pudor to keep away when the 603 cum: temporal cum clause reader decides to approach the girl discēdet: fut. tense longē: adv. modifying hinc mēnsā...remōtā: abl. abs., PPP 608 (eum) audentem: pres. act. pple. convīva: collective sg., trans. as plural Forsque Venusque: both...and...; Fors is a 604 ipsa...turba personification of luck or chance accessūs: i.e. access to the girl whom the reader admires; pl. acc.
76 Dinner Parties, Part II
Nōn tua sub nostrās veniat fācundia lēgēs: 609 fac tantum cupiās, sponte disertus eris. 610 Est tibi agendus amāns, imitandaque vulnera verbīs; 611 haec tibi quaerātur quālibet arte fīdēs. 612 Nec credī labor est: sibi quaeque vidētur amanda; 613 pessima sit, nūllī nōn sua fōrma placet. 614 Saepe tamen vērē coepit simulātor amāre, 615 saepe, quod incipiēns fīnxerat esse, fuit. 616
coepī, -isse, coeptum: begin, undertake, 4 labor, labōris m.: labor, task, 4 disertus, -a, -um: eloquent, expressive, 3 lēx, lēgis f.: law, regulation, decree, 2 fācundia, -ae f.: fluency, eloquence pessimus, -a, -um: worst, very bad, badest fīdēs, -eī f.: faith, trust, 3 simulātor, -ōris m.: imitator, copier fingō, -ere, finxī, fictum: make up, imagine, sponte: of one’s own will, voluntarily, handle, 4 spontaneously imitor, -ārī, -ātum: imitate, portray, 3
609 sub nostrās...lēgēs: translate poetic pl. 613 credī: pres. pass. infinitive, subj. of est possessive adj. nostrās as sg. meās sibi: to herself; dat. of reference veniat: should...; jussive subj.; Ovid quaeque (puella) explains that it is up to the reader to carry vidētur: passive videō can be translated as on a conversation with the girl. Ovid cannot “seem” give him a set of rules to govern this. amanda: about to..., worthy to...; gerundive 610 fac (ut)...cupiās: see to it that...; pres. (fut. pass. pple.), nom. after vidētur imperative faciō governs noun result clause 614 pessima: irreg. superl. adj. of malus; with pres. subj. cupiās Ovid suggests that the girl will readily 611 est...agendus: must be played; passive believe that the reader is in love with her, as periphrastic (gerundive + sum); agō used even unattractive girls want to believe that idiomatically for “playing a part,” as in a they are appealing performance or play sit: (although) she may...; pres. subj. in tibi: by...; dat. of agent with passive concessive clause periphrastic nullī (puellae): to...; dat. after placet imitanda (sunt): must be...; passive sua fōrma: her own...; reflex. adj., refers to periphrastic (gerundive + sum) the puella vulnera: i.e. the pain caused by the reader’s 616 (id) quod: that which...; missing infatuation with the girl antecedent id is predicate nom. after fuit 612 haec...fīdēs: sg. subject of quaerātur incipiēns: pres. act. pple. modifying tibi: by...; dat. of agent understood subj. of fīnxerat, the simulātor; quaerātur: should...; jussive subj. Ovid warns that, although the reader may quālibet arte: abl. means; Ovid stresses initially feign attraction to the girl in an that it is imperative for the reader to feign attempt to persuade her to begin an affair earnestness as he tries to convince the girl with him, he may soon find himself of the depth of his feelings for her genuinely in love with her
77 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Quō magis, ō, facilēs imitantibus este, puellae: 617 fīet amor vērus, quī modo falsus erat. 618 Blanditiīs animum fūrtim dēprendere nunc sit, 619 ut pendēns liquidā rīpa subēstur aquā. 620 Nec faciem, nec tē pigeat laudāre capillōs 621 et teretēs digitōs exiguumque pedem: 622 dēlectant etiam castās praecōnia fōrmae; 623 virginibus cūrae grātaque fōrma sua est. 624
blanditia, -ae f.: flattery, compliment, 4 magis: more, rather, 2 castus, -a, -um: chaste, 2 Ō: O!, Oh!, 2 dēlectō (1): delight pendeō, -ēre: hang down, hang, 2 dēprendō, -ere, -ndī, -nsum: catch, arrest piget: it troubles, displeases etiam: also, even, besides, 3 praecōnium, -iī n.: proclamation, praise exiguus, -a, -um: small, scanty, meager, 2 rīpa, -ae f.: riverbank, bank, shore faciēs, faciēī f.: appearance, face, 4 subedō, -ēsse (3rdsg. ēst): eat from under fūrtim: secretly, stealthily teres (teretis): smooth, slender, tapering imitor, -ārī, -ātum: imitate, portray, 3 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, virgin, 4 līquidus, -a, -um: liquid, flowing, clear
617 Quō: for which reason; adv. 620 ut: just as; clause of comparison magis: comp. adv. modifying facilēs subēstur: pres. pass. ō...puellae: pl. voc. direct address 621 Nec faciem, nec...capillōs: imitantibus (virīs): to...; dat. of interest, neither...nor...; joining objects of laudāre pres. act. pple. pigeat: it should...; jussive subj. este: pl. imperative sum 623 castās (puellās) 618 fīet: fut. fiō 624 virginibus cūrae...est: is of concern…; 619 animum (puellae) double dative with dat. of interest and dat. sit (tempus): It should be (the time) to… of purpose (lit. let it be (the time) to…); jussive subj. grāta: predicate nom. after est sum, infinitive dēprendere is the logical fōrma sua: their own...; reflex. adj., refers subject to virginibus
78 Offering Praise
Nam cūr in Phrygiīs Iūnōnem et Pallada silvīs 625 nunc quoque iūdicium nōn tenuisse pudet? 626 Laudātās ostendit avis Iūnōnia pinnās: 627 sī tacitus spectēs, illa recondit opēs. 628 Quadrupedēs inter rapidī certāmina cursūs 629 dēpexaeque iubae plausaque colla iuvant. 630 Nec timidē prōmitte: trahunt prōmissa puellās; 631 pollicitō testēs quōslibet adde deōs. 632
avis, avis f.: bird, 4 Phrygius, -a, -um: Phrygian, i.e. Trojan, 3 certāmen, -minis n.: contest, competion, 2 pinna, -ae f.: feather; quill collum, -ī n. neck, 2 plaudō, -ere, -sī, -sum: applaud, pat, clap, 3 cursus, -ūs m.: course, running, haste pollicitum, -ī n.: promise, pledge, 4 dēpectō, -ere, -pexī, -pexum: comb prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: promise, 4 thoroughly pudet, -ēre, puduit: it shames inter: between, among (acc), 2 quādrupēs, -pedis m.: quadruped; horse, 2 iuba, -ae f.: mane, hair (on the neck), 2 rapidus, -a, -um: rapid, grasping iūdicium, -iī n.: decision, judgment, opinion; recondō, -ere, -didī: hide, conceal, bury trial, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 3 Iūnō, Iūnōnis f.: Juno, 2 tacitus, -a, -um: silent, still, 4 Iūnōnius, -a, -um: Junonian, of Juno testis, -is m/f: witness ostendō, -ere, -dī: show timidus, -a, -um: fearful, 3 Pallas, Palladis f.: Pallas Athena, 3 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 3
625 in Phrygiīs...silvīs: Ovid refers to the illa (avis) Judgment of Paris (see note ln. 247) 629 Quadrupedēs: pl. acc. obj. of iuvant Pallada: Greek sg. acc. rapidī...cursūs: sg. gen 626 nōn tenuisse: not to have attained, not to 630 dēpexaeque iubae plausaque colla: have won; pf. act. infinitive; Ovid asserts both...and...; joining subjects of iuvant, that even goddesses have a great deal of PPPs pride tied up in their appearance 631 timidē: adv. 627 Laudātās...pinnās: PPP prōmissa: n. pl. substantive PPP, translate avis Iūnōnia: i.e. the peacock as “things -ed” 628 sī tacitus spectēs: pres. subj. in protasis 632 pollicitō: to...; dat. with compound adde of future less vivid condition; translate nom. testēs: as...; in apposition to quōslibet... adj. as adv. deōs
79 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Iuppiter ex altō periūria rīdet amantum, 633 et iubet Aeoliōs īnrita ferre Notōs. 634 Per Styga Iūnōnī falsum iūrāre solēbat 635 Iuppiter; exemplō nunc favet ipse suō. 636 Expedit esse deōs, et, ut expedit, esse putēmus; 637 dentur in antīquōs tūra merumque focōs; 638 nec sēcūra quiēs illōs similisque sopōrī 639 dētinet; innocuē vīvite: nūmen adest; 640
Aeolius, -a, -um: Aeolian, of Aeolus (king of iūrō (1): to swear (an oath), 3 winds) Notus, -ī m.: Notus, south wind altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 nūmen, -inis n.: divine will, approval; god, 3 antīquus, -a, -um: ancient, old periūrium, -iī n.: false oath, 2 dētineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold off or back quiēs, quiētis f.: rest, sleep exemplum, -ī n.: example, 2 rīdeō, -ēre: laugh at, smile at, 2 expediō, -īre, -iī: bring forward, arrange; be sēcūrus, -a, -um: free from care, carefree useful, 3 similis, -e: similar to, like (dat) falsum, -ī n.: falsehood, fraud soleō, -ēre, -itum: be accustomed focus, -ī m.: hearth, fire-place sopor, sopōris m.: sleep, heavy sleep innocuus, -a, -um: innocent, harmless Styx, Stygos f. (Grk. acc. Styga): river Styx īnritus, -a, -um: of no significance, to no tūs, tūris n.: incense purpose vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctum: live Iūnō, Iūnōnis f.: Juno, 2
633 ex altō: from on high; idiomatic usage ut: as; clause of comparison 634 īnrita (periūria) ferre: to carry away the (deōs) esse putēmus: let...; jussive (promises as) useless subjunctive followed by indirect discourse 635 Per Styga: by...; for the gods, an oath (acc. + inf.), see above sworn by the river Styx in the Underworld 638 dentur: let...; jussive subjunctive was binding, and violating it was unheard in antīquōs...focōs of. Ovid’s suggestion that Jove broke such merum: translate as noun “unmixed wine” oaths may be intended to emphasize his 639 sēcūra quiēs...similisque sopōrī: Ovid flippant attitude toward keeping his stresses that the gods do not passively sit up promises to Juno, rather than as a reference in the heavens but, rather, actively aid or to a specific myth in which Jove broke an hamper the undertakings of mortals oath sworn by the Styx. illōs (deōs) Iūnōnī: to...; dat. ind. obj. of iūrāre 640 innocuē: adv. 636 exemplō...suō: dat. ind. obj. of favet; vīvite: pl. imperative; Ovid departs from his Ovid says that Jove, recognizing his own convention of addressing a singular reader tricks, will smile upon the reader’s endeavor in order to imitate the moralising maxims of to win the girl over with false promises contemporary Romans to a general audience 637 Expedit esse deōs: it is useful that the gods exist; impersonal expedit followed by indirect discourse (acc. + inf.)
80 Lying
reddite dēpositum; pietās sua foedera servet: 641 fraus absit; vacuās caedis habēte manūs. 642 Lūdite, sī sapitis, sōlās impūne puellās: 643 hāc minus est ūnā fraude tuenda fidēs. 644 Fallite fallentēs: ex magnā parte profānum 645 sunt genus: in laqueōs quōs posuēre, cadant. 646 Dīcitur Aegyptōs caruisse iuvantibus arva 647 imbribus, atque annōs sicca fuisse novem, 648
absum, -esse, āfuī: be away or absent lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsum: play with, joke with, Aegyptus (-ius), -ī m.: Egyptian deceive, 2 arvum, -ī n.: (cultivated/arable) land, 3 minor, minus: smaller, less, 3 caedēs, -is f.: slaughter, killing novem: nine careō, -ēre: be without, lack, abstain from, 4 piētās, -tātis f.: piety, devotion dēpōnō, -ere, -posuī: put down, entrust, profānus, -a, -um: wicked, unholy deposit reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, deliver, fīdēs, -eī f.: faith, trust, 3 recite, 3 foedus, -eris n.: treaty, alliance servō (1): save, protect, guard, pay attention fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 to, 3 genus, generis n.: sort, kind, group siccum, -ī n.: dry land imber, imbris m.: rain, 2 sōlus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 4 impūne: with impunity tueor, tuērī: look (over), guard, 3 laqueus, -ī m.: noose, 2 vacuus, -a, -um: empty, idle, free from (gen) 2
641 reddite: pl. imperative (see note ln. 640); less than...); irreg. comp. adv. with abl. Ovid continues his list of platitudes comparison dēpositum: n. sg. substantive PPP, translate est...tuenda: must be...; passive as “thing -ed” periphrastic (gerundive + sum) servet: let...; jussive subjunctive 645 fallentēs (puellās): pres. act. pple. 642 absit: let...; jussive subjunctive ex magnā parte: in...; idiomatic usage vacuās...manūs 646 genus: collective noun as sg. subject of caedis: gen. after vacuās pl. sunt; refers to the entire gender of habēte: pl imperative (see note ln. 640) women 643 Lūdite: pl imperative (see note ln. 640); posuēr(unt): syncopated 3rd pl. pf. Ovid warns the reader to be strictly honest cadant: let...; jussive subjunctive in all of his endeavors except his dealings 647 Dīcitur: it...; impersonal subject with girls, who, because they are deceitful Aegyptōs caruisse: that...; indirect by nature, are deserving of being deceived discourse (acc. + inf.) after dīcitur, pf. inf. themselves. Ovid here points out how the iuvantibus...imbribus: abl. separation after general moral platitudes that arise from the caruisse, pres. act. pple. Romans’ fear of the gods are inconsistent arva: obj. of iuvantibus with the plethora of stories in which the 648 annōs...novem: for...; acc. extent of time gods themselves beak such moral principles sicca fuisse: that there...; indirect discourse in order to deceive and lust after woman. (acc. + inf.) after dīcitur, pf. inf. sum 644 hāc minus...ūnā fraude: except for... (lit.
81 Ars Amatoria Liber I
cum Thrasius Būsīrin adit, mōnstratque piārī 649 hospitis adfūsō sanguine posse Iovem. 650 Illī Būsīris ‘fīes Iovis hostia prīmus,’ 651 inquit ‘et Aegyptō tū dabis hospes aquam.’ 652 Et Phalaris taurō violentī membra Perillī 653 torruit: īnfēlīx inbuit auctor opus. 654 Iūstus uterque fuit: neque enim lēx aequior ūlla est, 655 quam necis artificēs arte perīre suā. 656
adeō, -īre: go to, approach, 4 lēx, lēgis f.: law, regulation, decree, 2 adfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum: shed, pour membrum, -ī n.: limb, member, part, 2 Aegyptus, -ī m.: Egypt mōnstrō (1): to point out, show aequus, -a, -um: equal, fair, level, even, 2 nex, necis f.: death, violent death, murder, 3 artifex, artificis m.: master-craftsman, 2 pereō, -īre, periī: to pass away, perish auctor, auctōris m.: agent, founder, father, 4 Perillus, -ī m.: Perillus (Athenian blacksmith) Būsīris, -is m. (acc. -in): Busiris, 2 Phalaris, -idis m.: Phalaris (tyrant) enim: for, indeed, in truth, 4 piō (1): appease, propitiate hospes, -pitis m.: host, guest (friend), 2 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 2 hostia, -ae f.: animal sacrifice, victim Thrasius, -iī m.: Thrasius (prophet from the inbuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum: wet, moisten, stain island of Cyprus) īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis: unhappy, unfortunate torreō, -ēre, -uī: roast, bake; dry out inquam, inquis, inquit: say (direct speech), 2 ūllus, -a, -um: any iūstus, -a, -um: just, legitimate violēns (violentis): violent, 2
649 cum: temporal cum clause blacksmith Perillus designed a torture Būsīrin: Greek sg. acc.; Thrasius, a Greek device in the form of a lifesize brass bull. prophet, told Busiris, the king of Egypt, that After forcing the victim into the hollow bull the droughts in Egypt had been caused by through a door in the creature’s side, a fire the gods, and that only sacrificing a guest could be lit underneath the bull to roast the would appease them. Busiris did not reward victim alive. The bull also had holes for Thrasius for this information in the way nostrils to allow the sounds of the dying Thrasius might have expected. victim to escape. Perillus gave the piārī: complementary pass. inf. after posse contraption as a gift to the Sicilian tyrant 650 hospitis adfūsō sanguine: abl. abs., PPP Phalaris, who found the device too cruel for posse Iovem: that...; indirect discourse his liking and used it against Perillus (acc. + inf.) after mōnstrat, Iovem is acc. for himself. Iuppiter 655 aequior: comp. adj. 651 Illī: sg. dat. ind. obj.; i.e. Thrasius 656 quam: than; clause of comparison after fīes: fut. fiō aequior Iovis: gen. of Iuppiter artificēs...perīre: that...; indirect discourse 652 hospes: (as a)...; in apposition to tū (acc. + inf.) 653 taurō violentī: abl. means; the Athenian
82 Lying
Ergō ut periūrās meritō periūria fallant, 657 exemplō doleat fēmina laesa suō. 658 Et lacrimae prōsunt: lacrimīs adamanta movēbis: 659 fac madidās videat, sī potes, illa genās. 660 Sī lacrimae (neque enim veniunt in tempore semper) 661 dēficient, ūdā lūmina tange manū. 662 Quis sapiēns blandīs nōn misceat ōscula verbīs? 663 Illa licet nōn det, nōn data sūme tamen. 664
adamas (adamantis) (Grk acc. -a): adamant, madidus, -a, -um: wet; drenched, 2 unmoved, unyielding meritō: deservedly, justly, rightly dēficiō, -ere, -fēcī (-fēxī), -fectum: fail misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtum: mix (in), mingle, 3 doleō, -ēre: feel pain, grieve, 2 ōsculum, -ī n.: kiss, 4 enim: for, indeed, in truth, 4 periūrium, -iī n.: false oath, 2 exemplum, -ī n.: example, 2 periūrus, -a -um: oath-breaking; perjurer gena, -ae f.: cheek, 2 prōsum, -esse: profit, be beneficial, 3 lūmen, lūminis n.: light; eye, 3 ūdus, -a, -um: wet, damp, moist, 2
657 ut: so that; purpose clause with pres. madidās...genās (tuās) subj. fallant 662 dēficient: fut. in protasis of future more periūrās (puellās) vivid condition, translate as pres. with 658 exemplō...suō: abl. means after laesa, future sense PPP laedō 663 misceat: would...; potential subjunctive doleat: let...; jussive subj. 664 Illa (puella) 659 adamanta (puellam): Greek sg. acc. licet: although (lit. it is allowed) 660 fac (ut)...videat...illa (puella): see to it det: may...; pres. subj. in concessive clause that...; pres. imperative faciō governs noun after licet result clause with pres. subj. videat nōn data (ōscula): PPP dō
83 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Pugnābit prīmō fortassis, et ‘improbe’ dīcet: 665 pugnandō vincī sē tamen illa volet. 666 Tantum nē noceant tenerīs male rapta labellīs, 667 nēve querī possit dūra fuisse, cavē. 668 Ōscula quī sūmpsit, sī nōn et cētera sūmet, 669 haec quoque, quae data sunt, perdere dignus erit. 670 Quantum dēfuerat plēnō post ōscula vōtō? 671 Ei mihi, rūsticitās, nōn pudor ille fuit. 672
cēterī, -ae, -a: other, remaining, rest, 3 nēve: or not, and not, and lest, 3 dēsum, -esse, -fuī: be lacking, fail (dat), 4 ōsculum, -ī n.: kiss, 4 dignus, -a, -um: worthy (of), deserving (abl), plēnus, -a, -um: full, large, abundant, 2 3 post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 2 dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, 3 pugnō (1): fight, 4 Ei: ouch!, ow!, Woe is (dat.), 2 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 fortassis: perhaps, possibly queror, querī, questum: complain, lament, 2 improbus, -a, -um: bad, wicked rūsticitās, -tātis f.: rusticity, rustic manners, labellum, -ī n.: little lip, 2 lack of sophistication
665 Pugnābit, dīcet, volet: fut., subject of all with fut. in protasis and apodosis, translate three verbs is illa (puella) sūmet as pres. with future sense prīmō: at first; abl. as adv. et: also improbe: sg. voc.; Ovid imagines the girl cētera: n. pl. substantive adj., add ‘things’ rebuking the reader for forcing kisses on her when translating 666 pugnandō: by...; gerund, abl. means 670 haec: i.e. ōscula, obj. of perdere vincī sē: that...; indirect discourse (acc. + perdere: comp. inf. after dignus inf.) after volet, pres. pass. inf. 671 Quantum...vōtō?: After the kisses, how 667 tantum: only; adv. acc. modifying cavē much had you fallen short of your full nē noceant: so that...not...; prohibitive wish?; with this rhetorical question, Ovid subjunctive after cavē scolds anyone who is too timid to press his male rapta (ōscula): PPP, subject of luck with a girl, suggesting that if he is able noceant to steal kisses from a girl, he is not too far tenerīs...labellīs: dat. after noceant from his ultimate goal 668 nēve...possit: or so that...not...; plēnō...vōtō: dat. after dēfuerat prohibitive subjunctive after cavē, subject is 672 rūsticitās, nōn pudor: pred. nominatives puella after fuit; Ovid suggests that the reason this querī: pres. deponent comp. inf. after possit hypothetical man stopped after merely (ōscula) dūra fuisse: that...; indirect kissing the girl was because of his clumsy discourse (acc. + inf.) after querī, pf. inf. uncertainty in dealing with girls rather than sum his sense of moral uprightness 669 (is) quī: (he) who; rel. pron., missing ille: that; subj. of fuit, attracted to masc. sg. antecedent is understood subject of sūmet, pudor, the closer of its two predicate erit nominatives sī sūmet...erit: future more vivid condition
84 Force
Vim licet appellēs: grāta est vīs ista puellīs: 673 quod iuvat, invītae saepe dedisse volunt. 674 Quaecumque est veneris subitā violāta rapīnā, 675 gaudet, et inprobitās mūneris īnstar habet. 676 At quae cum posset cōgī, nōn tācta recessit, 677 ut simulet vultū gaudia, trīstis erit. 678 Vim passa est Phoēbē: vīs est allata sororī; 679 et grātus raptae raptor uterque fuit. 680
adferō, -ferre, attulī, allatum: bring (to), use quīcumque, quae-, quod-: whosoever, against, 2 whichsoever, 4 appellō (1): call, address, name rapīna, -ae f.: robbery, plunder, prey gaudium, -iī n.: joy, gladness, 4 raptor, -ōris m.: snatcher, abductor, robber inprobitās, -tātis f.: wickedness, depravity recēdō, -ere, -cessī: withdraw, depart īnstar: semblance, likeness of (gen.) simulō (1): feign, pretend, make like invītus, -a, -um: unwilling, 2 soror, sorōris f.: sister, 2 Phoēbē, -ēs f.: Phoebe, daughter of Prince subitus, -a, -um: sudden, unexpected Leucippus of Messenia violō (1): violate, commit outrage, 2 vultus, -ūs m.: countenance, face, 3
673 licet: although (lit. it is allowed) with impf. subj. posset followed by pres. appellēs: you may call (it); pres. subj. in pass. comp. inf. concessive clause after licet 678 ut: although; concessive clause with pres. puellīs: to...; dat. of reference subj. simulet 674 (id) quod: (that) which; rel. pron., vultū: abl. means missing antecedent is obj. of dedisse 679 passa est: pf. of deponent patior invītae: translate nom. adj. as adv.; Ovid Phoēbē: Phoebe and her sister Hilaeira suggests that the girl will likely offer were both engaged to be married when the resistance to the reader’s advances, but that twins Castor and Polydeuces (also known as she does this purely for show Pollux) fell in love with them and forcibly dedisse: pf. inf. carried them off to be their wives. The 675 est...violāta: pf. pass. sisters’ fiancées tried to rescue Phoebe and 676 īnstar: indeclinable noun, obj. of habet Hilaeira, but Castor and Polydeuces killed 677 (puella) quae...nōn tācta recessit: a girl the two men. who...; rel. clause, missing antecedent puella sororī: dat. with compound est allata is understood subj. of erit; nōn modifies 680 raptae (puellae): to...; dat. of reference, tācta, PPP tangō PPP cum posset cōgī: circumstantial cum clause uterque: i.e. Castor and Pollux
85 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Fābula nōta quidem, sed nōn indigna referrī, 681 Scȳrias Haemoniō iuncta puella virō. 682 Iam dea laudātae dederat mala praemia fōrmae 683 colle sub Īdaeō vincere digna duās: 684 iam nurus ad Priamum dīversō vēnerat orbe, 685 Grāiaque in Īliacīs moenibus uxor erat: 686 iūrābant omnēs in laesī verba maritī: 687 nam dolor ūnīus pūblica causa fuit. 688
collis, -is m.: hill iūrō (1): to swear (an oath), 3 dignus, -a, -um: worthy (of), deserving (abl), marītus, -ī m.: husband 3 moenia, -ōrum n.: walls, city-walls dīversus, -a, -um: different, contrary, 2 nurus, -ūs f.: daughter-in-law duo, duae, duo: two, 2 orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terrārum, world, 4 fābula, -ae f.: story praemium, -iī n.: reward, prize Grāius, -a, -um: Greek, 2 Priamus, -ī m.: Priam, 2 Haemonius, -a, -um: Haemonian (i.e. pūblicus, -a, -um: public, common, of the Thessalian), 2 people, 2 Īdaeus, -a, -um: of Mt. Ida Scȳriās, -iādis (f. adj.): Scyrian, of the island Iliācus, -a, -um: of Ilium/Troy Scyros indignus, -a, -um: unworthy, undeserving, uxor, uxōris f.: wife, spouse, 2 undeserved, cruel, 2
681 Fabula (est) nota: treat as pres. of sum dea: i.e. Venus with predicate adj., not pf. pass. verb laudātae...fōrmae (suae): for (her)...; dat. referrī: pass. inf. after indigna of purpose, PPP 682 Scӯrias...puella: i.e. Deidamia, daughter mala praemia: i.e. Helen; Venus’ “gift” of of King Lycomedes of Scyros; Ovid here Helen to Paris led to the Trojan War (see refers to the story of Achilles’ rape of note ln. 54) Deidamia. Thetis, Achilles’ mother, tried to 684 colle sub Īdaeō: sub Īdaeō colle; Mt. Ida prevent her son from going to fight in the was located near Troy, and is the setting of Trojan War (and, as had been foretold, the Judgment of Paris (see note ln. 54) dying in battle) by disguising him as a girl digna: modifies mala praemia and entrusting him to King Lycomedes to duās: i.e. Juno and Minerva (see note ln. be brought up among his daughters. 54) Achilles, however, fell in love with one 685 nurus: i.e. Helen particular daughter, Deidamia, and raped (ex) dīversō...orbe (terrārum) her. Achilles eventually went on to fight and 687 omnēs (Graecī) die at Troy despite his mother’s attempt at iūrābant...in...verba: in verba iūrāre is an preventing it. Deidamia bore him a son idiom for “to swear an oath with specific named Neoptolemus. words” Haemoniō...virō: to...; dat. ind. obj.; i.e. laesī...maritī: i.e. Menelaus, the Greek Achilles husband of Helen; sg. possessive gen. after iuncta (est): pf. pass. iungō verba, PPP laedō 683 Iam: With this line, Ovid establishes that 688 ūnīus: sg. gen. this story takes place during the Trojan War
86 Achilles and Deidamia
(Turpe, nisi hoc mātris precibus tribuisset,) Achillēs 689 veste virum longā dissimulātus erat. 690 Quid facis, Aeacidē? nōn sunt tua mūnera lānae; 691 tū titulōs aliā Palladis arte petās. 692 Quid tibi cum calathīs? clipeō manus apta ferendō est: 693 pēnsa quid in dextrā, quā cadet Hector, habēs? 694 Rēice succīnctōs operōsō stāmine fūsōs! 695 Quassanda est istā Pēlias hasta manū. 696
Aeacidēs, -ae m.: Achilles, grandson of operōsus, -a, -um: toilsome, full of labor, 2 Aeacus, 2 Pallas, Palladis f.: Pallas Athena, 3 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 3 Pēlias, -iādis (f. adj.): of Mt. Pelion calathus, -ī m.: basket pēnsum, -ī n.: wool; allotment of wool to be clipeus, -ī m.: shield, round shield spun in a day dexter, -tra, -trum: right (hand); skilful quatiō, -ere, quassī, quassum: shake dissimulō (1): dissemble, conceal, 2 rēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: throw back fūsus, -ī m.: spindle stāmen, -minis n.: thread (from distaff) hasta, -ae f.: spear succingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctum: wrap up Hector, Hectoris m. (Grk. acc., -a): Hector, 3 titulus, -ī m.: notice, card, label, title lāna, -ae f.: wool, working with wool, 2 tribuō, -ere, -uī, tribūtum: allow, grant nisi: if not, unless, 4 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 2
689 I have added the parentheses which are clipeō...ferendō: for...; dat. of purpose with not found in Ehwald’s edited text. gerundive (fut. pass. pple.) of ferō, use a Turpe (fuisset): (it would have been)...; “gerund-gerundive flip” to translate by understood plpf. subj. of sum in apodosis of expressing the gerundive as a gerund (- past contrary to fact condition ing) followed by an object hoc: i.e. dressing up as a girl to avoid being 694 quid: why sent to fight in the Trojan War in dextrā (mānū) precibus: abl. cause quā: by...; abl. means, rel. pronoun, tribuisset: plpf. subj. in protasis of past antecedent is dextrā (mānū) contrary to fact condition cadet: fut. 690 virum: with respect to (his) manhood; 695 succīnctōs...fūsōs: PPP succingō; a acc. of respect after dissimulātus erat spindle was used in spinning wool into 691 Aeacidē: sg. voc. thread, a task reserved for women in ancient lānae: of...; appositional gen. clarifying the times type of mūnus 696 Quassanda est: must be...; passive 692 aliā Palladis arte: i.e. by fighting; Pallas periphrastic (gerundive + sum) was a goddess both of weaving and of war istā...manū: abl. means petās: you should...; jussive subj. Pēlias hasta: at the wedding of Achilles’ 693 Quid (est) tibi: What (concern) do you parents Peleus and Thetis on Mt. Pelion in have (lit. What (is there) to you); tibi is dat. Thessaly, Peleus was given a spear as a gift of interest or possession that was later used by Achilles in the Trojan War
87 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Forte erat in thalamō virgō rēgālis eōdem; 697 haec illum stuprō comperit esse virum. 698 Vīribus illa quidem victa est, ita crēdere oportet: 699 sed voluit vincī vīribus illa tamen. 700 Saepe ‘manē!’ dīxit, cum iam properāret Achillēs; 701 fortia nam positā sūmpserat arma colō. 702 Vīs ubi nunc illa est? Quid blandā vōce morāris 703 auctōrem stuprī, Dēidamīa, tuī? 704
auctor, auctōris m.: agent, founder, father, 4 maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 3 colus, -ī f.: distaff moror, -ārī, -ātum: delay, hinder, linger, 4 comperiō, -īre: find out, ascertain oportet: it is right, it is proper Dēidamīa, -ae f.: Deidamia (mother of properō (1): hasten, 2 Pyrrhus through Achilles) rēgālis, -e: royal, regal fortis, -e: strong, brave, 2 stuprum, -ī n.: defilement, rape, 2 īdem, eadem, idem: same, 4 thalamus, -ī m.: bedroom, chamber, 2 ita: so, thus, 2 virgō, virginis f.: maiden, virgin, 4
697 Forte: by chance 700 vincī: pres. pass. inf. in thalamō...eōdem 701 dīxit: subj. is virgō virgō rēgālis: i.e. Deidamia cum...Achillēs: circumstantial cum clause 698 haec (virgō) with impf. subj. properāret illum...esse virum: that...; indirect 702 positā...colō: abl. abs., PPP pōnō, “put discourse (acc. + inf.) after comperit; illum aside;” a distaff was used to hold the refers to Achilles, who is disguised as a girl unspun wool during the process of spinning and reveals himself to be a man when he wool into thread rapes Deidamia sūmpserat: subj. is Achilles stuprō: through...; abl. cause or means 703 Quid: why 699 Vīribus: abl. means, from vīs blandā vōce: abl. manner illa (virgō)
88 Persistence
Scīlicet ut pudor est quaedam coepisse priōrem, 705 sīc aliō grātum est incipiente patī. 706 Ā! nimia est iuvenī propriae fīdūcia fōrmae, 707 expectat sī quis, dum prior illa roget. 708 Vir prior accēdat, vir verba precantia dīcat: 709 excipiet blandās cōmiter illa precēs. 710 Ut potiāre, rogā: tantum cupit illa rogārī; 711 dā causam vōtī prīncipiumque tuī. 712
ā: ah!, 2 fīdūcia, -ae f.: confidence, reliance, trust, 2 accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: approach, 2 potior, -īrī, potītum: take possession of (abl), alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 3 3 coepī, -isse, coeptum: begin, undertake, 4 precor, -ārī, -ātum: pray (to), beg, entreat, 3 cōmiter: courteously, affably prīncipium, -iī n.: beginning, 2 excipiō, -ere, -cēpī: receive, welcome, proprius, -a, -um: of one’s own capture, 2 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain exspectō (1): wait for, expect scīlicet: of course, no doubt, 2
705 ut: just as; clause of comparison illa (puella) quaedam coepisse priōrem: to begin roget: pres. subj. in temporal clause, certain things first; quaedam is n. pl. acc. translate as indicative substantive obj. of coepisse, prīorem 709 prior: see above modifies missing acc. subject (adj. as accēdat, dīcat: should...; jussive adverb) subjunctives 706 aliō...incipiente: abl. abs., pres. act. pple. 710 excipiet: fut. patī: pres. deponent inf. illa (puella) 707 est iuvenī: the young man has (lit. there precēs: from noun prex (not vb. precor) is to the young man); dat. of possession or 711 Ut potiār(is): so that...; purpose clause interest with syncopated 2nd sg. pres. deponent subj. 708 sī (ali)quis: if anyone; quis indefinite tantum: only; adv. acc. after sī illa (puella) prior: first; translate nom. adj. as adv.
89 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Iuppiter ad veterēs supplex hērōidās ībat: 713 corrūpit magnum nūlla puella Iovem. 714 Sī tamen ā precibus tumidōs accēdere fastūs 715 sēnseris, inceptō parce referque pedem. 716 Quod refugit, multae cupiunt: ōdēre quod īnstat; 717 lēnius īnstandō taedia tolle tuī. 718 Nec semper veneris spēs est profitenda rogantī: 719 intret amīcitiae nōmine tectus amor. 720
accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum: approach, 2 profiteor, -ērī, professum: declare, 2 amīcitia, -ae f.: friendship; alliance, 2 refugiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: flee back, escape corrumpō, -ēre, -rūpī, -ruptum: ruin, bribe, spēs, -eī f.: hope, expectation, 2 seduce, 3 supplex, -icis: suppliant, humble; noun fastus, -ūs m.: contempt, disdain suppliant hērōis, hērōidis f.: heroine taedium, -iī n.: weariness, loathing, disgust īnstō, -āre, -stitī: approach, threaten, persist, 3 tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum: lift up, remove; intrō (1): go into, enter raze, 3 lēnus, -a, -um: gentle, mild tumidus, -a, -um: swollen, puffed up ōdī, -isse: hate, 3 vetus (veteris): old, experienced, ancient parcō, -ere, pepercī: spare, refrain from (dat or inf), 2
713 ad veterēs...hērōidās ōdēr(unt): syncopated 3rd pl. pf. in form, supplex: as...; in apposition to Iuppiter translate as pres. 715 ā precibus (tuīs): as a result of... (id) quod: (that) which; rel. pron., missing tumidōs accēdere fastūs: that...; indirect antecedent is obj. of ōdēre discourse (acc. + inf.) after sēnseris; Ovid 718 lēnius: comp. adv., modifies īnstandō warns the reader to be on the lookout for īnstandō: by...; gerund (-ing), abl. means girls who respond to his entreaties with taedia: poetic pl., trans. as sg. disdain tuī: of you; objective genitive after taedia 716 sēnseris: fut. pf. in protasis of fut. more 719 est profitenda: must be...; passive vivid condition, translate as pres. with periphrastic (gerundive + sum) future sense (eī) rogantī: by (him)...; dat. of agent with inceptō: PPP incipiō, n. sg. substantive, add passive periphrastic, pres. act. pple. ‘thing’ when translating; dat. after parce 720 intret: let...; jussive subjunctive; Ovid referque pedem: sg. imperative referō; suggests that, in some cases, it is better to pedem referre is an idiom for “to retreat” approach a girl as a friend before indicating 717 (id) Quod: (that) which; rel. pron., one’s romantic intentions missing antecedent is obj. of cupiunt tectus: PPP tegō multae (puellae)
90 The Proper Complexion
Hōc aditū vīdī tetricae data verba puellae: 721 quī fuerat cultor, factus amātor erat. 722 Candidus in nautā turpis color, aequoris undā 723 dēbet et ā radiīs sīderis esse niger: 724 turpis et agricolae, quī vōmere semper aduncō 725 et gravibus rastrīs sub Iove versat humum. 726 Et tibi, Palladiae petitur cui fāma corōnae, 727 candida sī fuerint corpora, turpis eris. 728
aditus, -ūs m.: approach, access, 3 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 2 aduncus, -a, -um: hooked, 2 nauta, -ae m.: sailor, 2 aequor, -quoris n.: sea, 2 niger, nigra, nigrum: black, 3 agricola, -ae m.: farmer Palladius, -a, -um: of Pallas (Athena) amātor, -ōris m.: a lover radius, -iī m.: ray candidus, -a, -um: white, bright white, 3 rastrum, -ī n.: mattock, hoe color, colōris m.: color, 4 sīdus, sīderis n.: constellation, star, 2 corōna, -ae f.: crown, garland, 3 tetricus, -a, um: severe, forbidding, stern cultor, -ōris m.: cultivator versō (1): turn, turn about, twist dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, debitum: ought; owe, 3 vōmer, vōmeris m.: plow, 2 fāma, -ae f.: report, rumor, reputation, 2
721 Hōc aditū: abl. means 726 Iove: abl. of Iuppiter, refers to the sky via tetricae data (esse) verba puellae: that a metonymy stern girl has been deceived (lit. that 727 tibi...sī fuerint: if you have (lit. if there (empty) words have been given to a stern will have been to you); dat. of possession; girl); indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) after fut. pf. in protasis of fut. more vivid vīdī; verba dare is an idiom for “to condition, translate as pres. with future deceive;” tetricae...puellae is dative ind. obj. sense after data (esse) Palladiae...corōnae: sg. gen. after fāma; in 722 (is) quī: (he) who; rel. pron., missing addition to sailors and farmers, Ovid here antecedent is subject of factus...erat adds that athletes, too, should not have fair cultor: i.e. of friendship skin, as he refers to the olive branch crown factus...erat: plpf. fiō awarded to victors in the Olympic Games. 723 Candidus (est)...turpis color The olive tree was sacred to Pallas. aequoris undā: from...; abl. of source cui: by whom; dat. of agent, rel. pronoun, 724 (nauta) dēbet...esse niger antecedent is tibi ā radiīs sīderis: from...; abl. of source 728 candida...corpora: poetic pl., translate as 725 (candidus est) turpis (color) sg. agricolae: for...; dat. of interest
91 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Palleat omnis amāns: hic est color aptus amantī; 729 hoc decet, hoc stultī nōn valuisse putant. 730 Pallidus in Sīdē silvīs errābat Ōrīōn, 731 pallidus in lentā nāide Daphnis erat. 732 Arguat et maciēs animum: nec turpe putāris 733 palliolum nitidīs inposuisse comīs. 734 Attenuant iuvenum vigilātae corpora noctēs 735 cūraque et in magnō quī fit amōre dolor. 736
arguō, -ere, arguī: prove, make clear Ōrīōn, Ōrīōnis m.: Orion attenuō (1): make thin, weaken, enfeeble palleō, -ēre, -uī: be pale, look pale color, colōris m.: color, 4 pallidus, -a, -um: pale, 2 Daphnis, -is m.: Daphnis (shepherd and palliōlum, -ī n.: small (Greek) mantle or cloak inventor of pastoral songs) (pallium) errō (1): to wander about; be mistaken, 2 Sīdē, -ēs f.: Side (wife of Orion) inpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus: put upon, place silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 3 down on, impose, 2 stultus, -a, -um: foolish, stupid, 3 maciēs, maciēī f.: meagerness, thinness valeō, -ēre, -uī: be strong, be able, be nāis, nāidis f.: naiad (water goddess) effective, 2 nitidus, -a, -um: sleek, shining, splendid vigilō (1): to be awake, spend awake, watch nox, noctis f.: night, 3 through
729 Palleat: should...; jussive subj. et: also amantī: for...; dat. of interest after aptus animum: (your) intention 730 hoc...nōn valuisse: that it...; indirect nec turpe (esse) putā(ve)ris: you should discourse (acc. + inf.) after putant, pf. inf. not think that (it is) shameful; syncopated stultī (hominēs): subj. of putant pf. prohibitive subjunctive followed by 731 in Sīdē: over..., for...; a very minor indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) mythological figure, Side was the wife of 734 nitidīs...comīs: on...; abl. place where Orion, a giant and son of Poseidon after the prefix in- from inposuisse (in) silvīs inposuisse: pf. infinitive after turpe 732 in lentā nāide: over..., for...; the beautiful 735 Attenuant: should...; jussive subj., young shepherd Daphnis loved a nymph but vigilātae...noctēs, cūra, and dolor are was unfaithful to her. He was blinded as a subjects punishment, and wandered the woods vigilātae: PPP singing mournful songs. 736 in magnō...amōre 733 Arguat: should...; jussive subjunctive; quī: which; rel. pron., antecedent is dolor subj. is sg. nom. maciēs
92 Untrustworthy Friends
Ut vōtō potiāre tuō, miserābilis estō, 737 ut quī tē videat, dīcere possit ‘amās.’ 738 Conquerar, an moneam mixtum fās omne nefāsque? 739 Nōmen amīcitia est, nōmen ināne fidēs. 740 Ei mihi, nōn tūtum est, quod amēs, laudāre sodālī; 741 cum tibi laudantī crēdidit, ipse subit. 742 At nōn Actorides lectum temerāvit Achillis: 743 quantum ad Pīrithoum, Phaedra pudīca fuit. 744
Actorides, -is m.: Patroclus, descendent of moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: warn (about), advise, Actor 4 amīcitia, -ae f.: friendship; alliance, 2 nefās: unrighteous; sin, impiety, 2 an: whether, or (in questions), 2 Phaedra, -ae f.: Phaedra, 2 conqueror, -querī, -questum: complain Pīrithous, -ī m.: Pirithous bitterly potior, -īrī, potītum: take possession of (abl), Ei: ouch!, ow!, Woe is (dat.), 2 3 fās n.: (that which is) right, divine law pudīcus, -a, -um: modest, chaste, virtuous fīdēs, -eī f.: faith, trust, 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 inānis, -e: empty, useless, worthless, 2 sodālis, -is m./f.: mate, companion, friend, 2 lectus, -ī m.: bed, couch, 4 subeō, -īre, -iī: approach, advance stealthily, 2 misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtum: mix (in), mingle, 3 temerō (1): defile, dishonor, desecrate miserābilis, -e: miserable, pitiable
737 Ut...potiār(is): so that...; purpose clause (id) quod amēs: (that) which...; relative with syncopated 2nd sg. pres. deponent subj. clause of characteristic, missing antecedent vōtō...tuō: abl. after potiāre is obj. of laudāre estō: sg. fut. imperative sum; translate as sodālī: in front of…, in the presence of…; present imperative dat. ind. obj. 738 ut...dīcere possit: so that...; purpose 742 cum (sodālis)...crēdidit: temporal cum clause clause (is) quī tē videat: (he) who...; relative tibi laudantī (puellam): dat. obj. of clause of characteristic, missing antecedent crēdidit, pres. act. pple. is subject of possit ipse: i.e. the friend amās: amāre can be translated as “to be in 743 lectum...Achillis: Patroclus, Achilles’ love” closest friend during the Trojan War, 739 Conquerar, moneam: should...; respected his comrade and never attempted deliberative subjunctives to steal Briseis, a girl given as a prize to mixtum (esse) fās omne nefāsque: that...; Achilles at Troy indirect discourse (acc. + inf.) after 744 quantum ad Pīrithoum: so far as it conquerar and moneam, pf. pass. inf.; fās concerned..., with respect to...; idiomatic and nefās are sg. acc. indeclinable subjects usage; Pirithous was the best friend of the 740 Nōmen (ināne) amīcitia est, nōmen hero Theseus, the slayer of the Minotaur. ināne fidēs (est) Pirithous never went after Theseus’ wife 741 nōn...sodālī: laudāre quod amēs sodālī Phaedra nōn est tūtum
93 Ars Amatoria Liber I
Hermionam Pylades quō Pallada Phoebus, amābat, 745 quodque tibi geminus, Tyndarī, Castor, erat. 746 Sī quis idem spērat, latūrās pōma myrīcās 747 spēret, et ē mediō flūmine mella petat. 748 Nīl nisi turpe iuvat: cūrae sua cuique voluptās: 749 haec quoque ab alterius grāta dolōre venit. 750 Heu facinus! nōn est hostis metuendus amantī; 751 quōs crēdis fīdōs, effuge, tūtus eris. 752
Castor, Castoris m.: Castor myrīca, -ae f.: tamarisk (shrub) effugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee, escape, avoid, 4 nihil (nil): nothing; not at all, 4 facinus, -noris n.: bad deed, crime nisi: if not, unless, 4 fīdus, -a, -um: faithful, trustworthy, loyal, 2 Pallas, Palladis f.: Pallas Athena, 3 flūmen, -inis n.: river, stream Phoebus, -ī m.: Phoebus, Apollo, 3 geminus, -a, -um: twin pōmum, -ī n.: fruit, apple, 2 Hermiona, -ae f.: Hermione Pylades, -is m.: Pylades heu: alas, oh spērō (1): hope, hope for, expect, 4 hostis, -is m./f.: enemy, 4 Tyndaris, -idos f. (voc. Tyndarī): daughter of īdem, eadem, idem: same, 4 Tyndareus, Helen mel, mellis n.: honey voluptās, -tātis f.: pleasure, 2 metuō, -ere, -uī: fear, dread
745 Hermionam Pylades...amābat: as Zeus had, and that Tyndareus was the Hermione, the daughter of Menelaus, was father of either one or both children born married to her cousin Orestes, the son of from Leda’s eggs. Regardless, Castor and Agamemnon. Orestes’ best friend (and Helen are either siblings or half-siblings. cousin) Pylades loved Hermione, but only 747 Sī (ali)quis: if anyone; quis indef. after sī as a brother loves a sister. idem: n. sg., add ‘thing’ when translating quō (modō) Pallada Phoebus (amabat): in latūrās: about to...; fut. act. pple. ferō the manner in which...; Pallada is Greek sg. pōma: obj. of latūrās; Ovid warns the acc.; Phoebus Apollo, son of Zeus and reader that, in their day, expecting a friend Latona, loved Pallas, daughter of Zeus and to stay away from the girl he likes is Metis, as his sister (i.e. not romantically). expecting the impossible 746 (id) quodque tibi geminus, Tyndarī, 748 spēret, petat: he should...; jussive subj. Castor (erat), (Pyladēs) erat 749 nisi (quid) turpe: except (something)... (Hermionae): and that which twin Castor (est) cūrae...cuique: is of concern to was to you, o Helen, Pylades was to each person (lit. is for a concern to each Hermione; both Castor and Helen were born person); double dative with dat. of interest of Leda, Queen of Sparta. Accounts vary as and dat. of purpose, subject is sua...voluptās to who was the father of each of the two. 750 haec...grāta (voluptās) Some versions of the myth claim that Zeus, ab alterius...dolōre: alterius is sg. gen. in the form of a swan, impregnated Leda 751 est...metuendus: must be...; passive and caused her to lay eggs containing the periphrastic (gerundive + sum) children. Other versions assert that amantī: by...; dat. of agent w/ pass. periphr. Tyndareus, King of Sparta and husband of 752 (virōs) quōs: (men) whom; missing Leda, slept with his wife on the same night antecedent virōs is obj. of effuge
94 Adaptability
Cognātum frātremque cavē cārumque sodālem: 753 praebēbit vērōs haec tibi turba metūs. 754 Fīnītūrus eram, sed sunt dīversa puellīs 755 pectora: mīlle animōs excipe mīlle modīs. 756 Nec tellūs eadem parit omnia; vītibus illa 757 convenit, haec oleīs; hāc bene farra virent. 758 Pectoribus mōrēs tot sunt, quot in ōre figūrae; 759 quī sapit, innumerīs mōribus aptus erit, 760
cārus, -a, -um: dear, precious metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 4 cognātus, -ī m.: kin, blood-kin mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 3 dīversus, -a, -um: different, contrary, 2 oleum, -ī n.: oil, olive oil excipiō, -ere, -cēpī: receive, welcome, pariō, -ere, peperī, partum: acquire, bring capture, 2 forth, 2 far, farris n.: far (type of Roman grain) praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum: present, offer, 4 figūra, -ae f.:shape, form, figure sodālis, -is m./f.: mate, companion, friend, 2 fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: end, finish tellūs, tellūris f.: earth frāter, -tris m.: brother, 4 tot: so many, 3 īdem, eadem, idem: same, 4 vireō, -ēre, -uī: flourish, grow vigorous innumerus, -a, -um: innumerable, countless vītis, -is f.: vine, grapevine
754 vērōs...metūs (in) hāc (tellūre) 755 Fīnītūrus: about to...; fut. act. pple. 759 Pectoribus...sunt: dat. of possession sunt...puellīs: dat. of possession tot...quot...: as many...as...; indeclinable 756 pectora: translate as “hearts” correlative adjs. modifying mōrēs and mīlle modīs: in...; abl. means; Ovid figūrae, respectively emphasizes the need for the reader to be in ōre: on the face versatile in his approach to winning the figūrae (sunt): translate as “expressions” hearts of the various girls he will pursue 760 (is) quī: (he) who; rel. pron., missing 757 vītibus: for...; dat. of interest antecedent is subject of erit illa (tellūs) innumerīs mōribus: for...; dat. of purpose 758 haec (tellūs) oleīs (convenit): dat. of after aptus interest
95 Ars Amatoria Liber I
utque levēs Prōteus modo sē tenuābit in undās, 761 nunc leō, nunc arbor, nunc erit hirtus aper. 762 Hī iaculō piscēs, illī capiuntur ab hāmīs: 763 hōs cava contentō retia fūne trahunt. 764 Nec tibi conveniet cūnctōs modus ūnus ad annōs: 765 longius īnsidiās cerva vidēbit anus. 766 Sī doctus videāre rudī, petulānsve pudentī, 767 diffīdet miserae prōtinus illa sibi. 768
anus, -ūs f.: old, aged; old woman iaculum, -ī n.: javelin aper, aprī m.: wild boar, 3 īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush arbor, -oris f.: tree, 2 leo, leōnis m.: lion, 2 cavus, -a, -um: hollow, rounded, 4 miser, -era, -erum: miserable, sad, lovesick, 2 cerva, -ae f.: hind (female deer), 2 petulāns (petulantis): forward, aggressive contineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold together, piscis, -is m.: fish, 4 hold tightly, confine, 2 Prōteus, -eos m.: Proteus (sea-god) cūnctus, -a, -um: all, entire, whole, 3 prōtinus: immediately, forthwith; forward, 3 diffīdō, -ere, diffīsum: distrust, lack pudens (pudentis): bashful, modest, chaste confidence (in) (dat.) rēte, rētis n.: net, trap, 3 doctus, -a, -um: learned, skilled rudis, -e: simple, unsophisticated, 2 fūnis, -is m.: rope tenuō (1): make thin, dissolve hāmus, -ī m.: hook, 3 trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum: draw, drag, 3 hirtus, -a, -um: hairy, shaggy ve: or, either…or, 3
761 utque...Prōteus: and just like...; clause of 764 hōs (piscēs) comparison; the sea god Proteus was a contentō...fūne: abl. means, PPP prophet and shape-changer. To compel him 765 tibi: for...; dat. of interest to prophesy, a visitor had to grab hold of conveniet: fut. Proteus and resist letting go as the god cūnctōs...ad annōs: for...; ad cūnctōs annōs changed into one form after another. 766 longius: from farther off; comp. adv. Finally, Proteus would return to his original cerva...anus: an old...; anus functions as form and deliver his prophecies. adj. modifying cerva levēs: modifies undās 767 doctus: predicate nom. after videāre modo: now; adv. videār(is): you should...; syncopated 2nd sg. tenuābit: subj. is generic “he” or “one” pres. pass. subjunctive in protasis of mixed from ln. 760 condition, passive videō can be translated as 763 Hī...piscēs (capiuntur): Ovid compares “seem” the necessity of catching fish by different rudī (puellae): to...; dat. of reference methods to the necessity of catching women petulānsve (videāris): predicate nom. by different methods pudentī (puellae): to...; dat. of reference illī (piscēs) 768 diffidet: fut. ab hāmīs: unusual abl. means with miserae...sibi: in...; dat. after diffidet preposition ab illa (puella)
96 Adaptability
Inde fit, ut quae sē timuit committere honestō, 769 vīlis ad amplexūs inferiōris eat. 770 Pars superat coeptī, pars est exhausta labōris. 771 Hīc teneat nostrās ancora ratēs. 772
amplexus, -ūs m.: embrace honestus, -a, -um: respectable, honorable ancora, -ae f.: anchor inde: from there, then, afterward, 3 coepī, -isse, coeptum: begin, undertake, 4 īnferior, -ius: lower; below, 2 committō, -ere, -mīsī: commit, entrust labor, labōris m.: labor, task, 4 exhauriō -īre -hausī -haustum: draw off, superō (1): overcome, remain, be left over exhaust, bring to an end vīlis, -e: cheap
769 fit: it...; impersonal subject 771 pars…pars…: one part…another part… ut...eat: that she...; result clause with pres. coeptī...labōris: partitive gen. after pars, subjunctive eō PPP (ea) quae: (she) who; rel. pron., missing 772 teneat: let...; jussive subj. antecedent is subject of eat ancora: Ovid metaphorically describes his sē: obj. of committere poem as a vessel afloat. Here, in bringing honestō (virō): to...; dat. ind. obj. the first book to a close, he drops anchor 770 vīlis: modifying understood ea, subj. of temporarily, before picking up the work eat again with the second book. inferiōris (virī)
97
Text Only Pages
For Classroom Use
Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 1-4
Si quis in hoc artem populo non novit amandi, 1 hoc legat et lecto carmine doctus amet. Arte citae veloque rates remoque moventur, arte leves currus: arte regendus amor. Curribus Automedon lentisque erat aptus habenis, 5 Tiphys in Haemonia puppe magister erat: me Venus artificem tenero praefecit Amori; Tiphys et Automedon dicar Amoris ego. Ille quidem ferus est et qui mihi saepe repugnet: sed puer est, aetas mollis et apta regi. 10 Phillyrides puerum cithara perfecit Achillem, atque animos placida contudit arte feros. Qui totiens socios, totiens exterruit hostes, creditur annosum pertimuisse senem. Quas Hector sensurus erat, poscente magistro 15 verberibus iussas praebuit ille manus. Aeacidae Chiron, ego sum praeceptor Amoris: saevus uterque puer, natus uterque dea. Sed tamen et tauri cervix oneratur aratro, frenaque magnanimi dente teruntur equi; 20 et mihi cedet Amor, quamvis mea vulneret arcu pectora, iactatas excutiatque faces. Quo me fixit Amor, quo me violentius ussit, hoc melior facti vulneris ultor ero: non ego, Phoebe, datas a te mihi mentiar artes, 25 nec nos aëriae voce monemur avis, nec mihi sunt visae Clio Cliusque sorores servanti pecudes vallibus, Ascra, tuis: usus opus movet hoc: vati parete perito; vera canam: coeptis, mater Amoris, ades! 30
101 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 4-8
Este procul, vittae tenues, insigne pudoris, 31 quaeque tegis medios, instita longa, pedes. Nos venerem tutam concessaque furta canemus, inque meo nullum carmine crimen erit. Principio, quod amare velis, reperire labora, 35 qui nova nunc primum miles in arma venis. Proximus huic labor est placitam exorare puellam: tertius, ut longo tempore duret amor. Hic modus, haec nostro signabitur area curru: haec erit admissa meta terenda rota. 40 Dum licet, et loris passim potes ire solutis, elige cui dicas ‘tu mihi sola places.’ Haec tibi non tenues veniet delapsa per auras: quaerenda est oculis apta puella tuis. Scit bene venator, cervis ubi retia tendat, 45 scit bene, qua frendens valle moretur aper; aucupibus noti frutices; qui sustinet hamos, novit quae multo pisce natentur aquae: tu quoque, materiam longo qui quaeris amori, ante frequens quo sit disce puella loco. 50 Non ego quaerentem vento dare vela iubebo, nec tibi, ut invenias, longa terenda via est. Andromedan Perseus nigris portarit ab Indis, raptaque sit Phrygio Graia puella viro, tot tibi tamque dabit formosas Roma puellas, 55 ‘Haec habet’ ut dicas ‘quicquid in orbe fuit.’ Gargara quot segetes, quot habet Methymna racemos, aequore quot pisces, fronde teguntur aves, quot caelum stellas, tot habet tua Roma puellas: mater in Aeneae constitit urbe sui. 60
102 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 8-12
Seu caperis primis et adhuc crescentibus annis, 61 ante oculos veniet vera puella tuos: sive cupis iuvenem, iuvenes tibi mille placebunt. cogeris voti nescius esse tui: seu te forte iuvat sera et sapientior aetas, 65 hoc quoque, crede mihi, plenius agmen erit. Tu modo Pompeia lentus spatiare sub umbra, cum sol Herculei terga leonis adit: aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater addidit, externo marmore dives opus. 70 Nec tibi vitetur quae, priscis sparsa tabellis, porticus auctoris Livia nomen habet: Quaque parare necem miseris patruelibus ausae Belides et stricto stat ferus ense pater. Nec te praetereat Veneri ploratus Adonis, 75 cultaque Iudaeo septima sacra Syro. Nec fuge linigerae Memphitica templa iuvencae: multas illa facit, quod fuit ipsa Iovi. Et fora conveniunt (quis credere possit?) amori: flammaque in arguto saepe reperta foro: 80 subdita qua Veneris facto de marmore templo Appias expressis aëra pulsat aquis, illo saepe loco capitur consultus Amori, quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipse sibi: illo saepe loco desunt sua verba diserto, 85 resque novae veniunt, causaque agenda sua est. Hunc Venus e templis, quae sunt confinia, ridet: qui modo patronus, nunc cupit esse cliens. Sed tu praecipue curvis venare theatris: haec loca sunt voto fertiliora tuo. 90
103 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 12-15
Illic invenies quod ames, quod ludere possis, 91 quodque semel tangas, quodque tenere velis. Ut redit itque frequens longum formica per agmen, granifero solitum cum vehit ore cibum, aut ut apes saltusque suos et olentia nactae 95 pascua per flores et thyma summa volant, sic ruit ad celebres cultissima femina ludos: copia iudicium saepe morata meum est. Spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae: ille locus casti damna pudoris habet. 100 Primus sollicitos fecisti, Romule, ludos, cum iuvit viduos rapta Sabina viros. Tunc neque marmoreo pendebant vela theatro, nec fuerant liquido pulpita rubra croco; illic quas tulerant nemorosa Palatia, frondes 105 simpliciter positae, scena sine arte fuit; in gradibus sedit populus de caespite factis, qualibet hirsutas fronde tegente comas. Respiciunt, oculisque notant sibi quisque puellam quam velit, et tacito pectore multa movent. 110 Dumque, rudem praebente modum tibicine Tusco, ludius aequatam ter pede pulsat humum, in medio plausu (plausus tunc arte carebant) rex populo praedae signa petita dedit. Protinus exiliunt, animum clamore fatentes, 115 virginibus cupidas iniciuntque manus. Ut fugiunt aquilas, timidissima turba, columbae, ut fugit invisos agna novella lupos: sic illae timuere viros sine more ruentes; constitit in nulla qui fuit ante color. 120
104 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 16-19
Nam timor unus erat, facies non una timoris: 121 pars laniat crines, pars sine mente sedet; altera maesta silet, frustra vocat altera matrem: haec queritur, stupet haec; haec manet, illa fugit; ducuntur raptae, genialis praeda, puellae, 125 et potuit multas ipse decere timor. Si qua repugnarat nimium comitemque negabat, sublatam cupido vir tulit ipse sinu, atque ita ‘quid teneros lacrimis corrumpis ocellos? Quod matri pater est, hoc tibi’ dixit ‘ero.’ 130 Romule, militibus scisti dare commoda solus: haec mihi si dederis commoda, miles ero. Scilicet ex illo sollemnia more theatra nunc quoque formosis insidiosa manent. Nec te nobilium fugiat certamen equorum; 135 multa capax populi commoda Circus habet. Nil opus est digitis, per quos arcana loquaris, nec tibi per nutus accipienda nota est: proximus a domina, nullo prohibente, sedeto, iunge tuum lateri qua potes usque latus; 140 et bene, quod cogit, si nolis, linea iungi, quod tibi tangenda est lege puella loci. Hic tibi quaeratur socii sermonis origo, et moveant primos publica verba sonos. Cuius equi veniant, facito, studiose, requiras: 145 nec mora, quisquis erit, cui favet illa, fave. At cum pompa frequens caelestibus ibit eburnis, tu Veneri dominae plaude favente manu; utque fit, in gremium pulvis si forte puellae deciderit, digitis excutiendus erit: 150
105 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 19-23 etsi nullus erit pulvis, tamen excute nullum: 151 quaelibet officio causa sit apta tuo. Pallia si terra nimium demissa iacebunt, collige, et inmunda sedulus effer humo; protinus, officii pretium, patiente puella 155 contingent oculis crura videnda tuis. Respice praeterea, post vos quicumque sedebit, ne premat opposito mollia terga genu. Parva leves capiunt animos: fuit utile multis pulvinum facili composuisse manu. 160 Profuit et tenui ventos movisse tabella, et cava sub tenerum scamna dedisse pedem. Hos aditus Circusque novo praebebit amori, sparsaque sollicito tristis harena foro. Illa saepe puer Veneris pugnavit harena, 165 et qui spectavit vulnera, vulnus habet. Dum loquitur tangitque manum poscitque libellum et quaerit posito pignore, vincat uter, saucius ingemuit telumque volatile sensit, et pars spectati muneris ipse fuit. 170 Quid, modo cum belli navalis imagine Caesar Persidas induxit Cecropiasque rates? Nempe ab utroque mari iuvenes, ab utroque puellae venere, atque ingens orbis in Urbe fuit. Quis non invenit turba, quod amaret, in illa? 175 Eheu, quam multos advena torsit amor! Ecce, parat Caesar domito quod defuit orbi addere: nunc, oriens ultime, noster eris. Parthe, dabis poenas: Crassi gaudete sepulti, signaque barbaricas non bene passa manus. 180
106 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 23-27
Ultor adest, primisque ducem profitetur in annis, 181 bellaque non puero tractat agenda puer. Parcite natales timidi numerare deorum: Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem. Ingenium caeleste suis velocius annis 185 surgit, et ignavae fert male damna morae. Parvus erat, manibusque duos Tirynthius angues pressit, et in cunis iam Iove dignus erat. Nunc quoque qui puer es, quantus tum, Bacche, fuisti, cum timuit thyrsos India victa tuos? 190 Auspiciis annisque patris, puer, arma movebis, et vinces annis auspiciisque patris: tale rudimentum tanto sub nomine debes, nunc iuvenum princeps, deinde future senum; cum tibi sint fratres, fratres ulciscere laesos: 195 cumque pater tibi sit, iura tuere patris. Induit arma tibi genitor patriaeque tuusque: hostis ab invito regna parente rapit; tu pia tela feres, sceleratas ille sagittas: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis. 200 Vincuntur causa Parthi: vincantur et armis; Eoas Latio dux meus addat opes. Marsque pater Caesarque pater, date numen eunti: nam deus e vobis alter es, alter eris. Auguror, en, vinces; votivaque carmina reddam, 205 et magno nobis ore sonandus eris. Consistes, aciemque meis hortabere verbis; O desint animis ne mea verba tuis! Tergaque Parthorum Romanaque pectora dicam, telaque, ab averso quae iacit hostis equo. 210
107 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 27-30
Qui fugis ut vincas, quid victo, Parthe, relinquis? 211 Parthe, malum iam nunc Mars tuus omen habet. Ergo erit illa dies, qua tu, pulcherrime rerum, quattuor in niveis aureus ibis equis. Ibunt ante duces onerati colla catenis, 215 ne possint tuti, qua prius, esse fuga. Spectabunt laeti iuvenes mixtaeque puellae, diffundetque animos omnibus ista dies. Atque aliqua ex illis cum regum nomina quaeret, quae loca, qui montes, quaeve ferantur aquae, 220 omnia responde, nec tantum si qua rogabit; et quae nescieris, ut bene nota refer. Hic est Euphrates, praecinctus harundine frontem: cui coma dependet caerula, Tigris erit. Hos facito Armenios; haec est Danaeia Persis: 225 urbs in Achaemeniis vallibus ista fuit. Ille vel ille, duces; et erunt quae nomina dicas, si poteris, vere, si minus, apta tamen. Dant etiam positis aditum convivia mensis: est aliquid praeter vina, quod inde petas. 230 Saepe illic positi teneris adducta lacertis purpureus Bacchi cornua pressit Amor: vinaque cum bibulas sparsere Cupidinis alas, permanet et capto stat gravis ille loco. Ille quidem pennas velociter excutit udas: 235 sed tamen et spargi pectus amore nocet. Vina parant animos faciuntque caloribus aptos: cura fugit multo diluiturque mero. Tunc veniunt risus, tum pauper cornua sumit, tum dolor et curae rugaque frontis abit. 240
108 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 31-34
Tunc aperit mentes aevo rarissima nostro 241 simplicitas, artes excutiente deo. Illic saepe animos iuvenum rapuere puellae, et Venus in vinis ignis in igne fuit. Hic tu fallaci nimium ne crede lucernae: 245 iudicio formae noxque merumque nocent. Luce deas caeloque Paris spectavit aperto, cum dixit Veneri ‘vincis utramque, Venus.’ Nocte latent mendae, vitioque ignoscitur omni, horaque formosam quamlibet illa facit. 250 Consule de gemmis, de tincta murice lana, consule de facie corporibusque diem. Quid tibi femineos coetus venatibus aptos enumerem? numero cedet harena meo. Quid referam Baias, praetextaque litora velis, 255 et quae de calido sulpure fumat aqua? Hinc aliquis vulnus referens in pectore dixit ‘Non haec, ut fama est, unda salubris erat.’ Ecce suburbanae templum nemorale Dianae partaque per gladios regna nocente manu: 260 illa, quod est virgo, quod tela Cupidinis odit, multa dedit populo vulnera, multa dabit. Hactenus, unde legas quod ames, ubi retia ponas, praecipit imparibus vecta Thalea rotis. Nunc tibi, quae placuit, quas sit capienda per artes, 265 dicere praecipuae molior artis opus. Quisquis ubique, viri, dociles advertite mentes, pollicitisque favens, vulgus, adeste meis. Prima tuae menti veniat fiducia, cunctas posse capi; capies, tu modo tende plagas. 270
109 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 34-38
Vere prius volucres taceant, aestate cicadae, 271 Maenalius lepori det sua terga canis, femina quam iuveni blande temptata repugnet: haec quoque, quam poteris credere nolle, volet. Utque viro furtiva venus, sic grata puellae: 275 vir male dissimulat: tectius illa cupit. Conveniat maribus, ne quam nos ante rogemus, femina iam partes victa rogantis agat. Mollibus in pratis admugit femina tauro: femina cornipedi semper adhinnit equo. 280 Parcior in nobis nec tam furiosa libido: legitimum finem flamma virilis habet. Byblida quid referam, vetito quae fratris amore arsit et est laqueo fortiter ulta nefas? Myrrha patrem, sed non qua filia debet, amavit, 285 et nunc obducto cortice pressa latet: illius lacrimis, quas arbore fundit odora, unguimur, et dominae nomina gutta tenet. Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat, 290 signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro: una fuit labes, cetera lactis erant. Illum Cnosiadesque Cydoneaeque iuvencae optarunt tergo sustinuisse suo. Pasiphae fieri gaudebat adultera tauri; 295 invida formosas oderat illa boves. Nota cano: non hoc, centum quae sustinet urbes, quamvis sit mendax, Creta negare potest. Ipsa novas frondes et prata tenerrima tauro fertur inadsueta subsecuisse manu. 300
110 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 38-42
It comes armentis, nec ituram cura moratur 301 coniugis, et Minos a bove victus erat. Quo tibi, Pasiphaë, pretiosas sumere vestes? Ille tuus nullas sentit adulter opes. Quid tibi cum speculo, montana armenta petenti? 305 Quid totiens positas fingis, inepta, comas? Crede tamen speculo, quod te negat esse iuvencam. Quam cuperes fronti cornua nata tuae! Sive placet Minos, nullus quaeratur adulter: sive virum mavis fallere, falle viro! 310 In nemus et saltus thalamo regina relicto fertur, ut Aonio concita Baccha deo. A, quotiens vaccam vultu spectavit iniquo, et dixit ‘domino cur placet ista meo? Aspice, ut ante ipsum teneris exultet in herbis: 315 nec dubito, quin se stulta decere putet.’ Dixit, et ingenti iamdudum de grege duci iussit et inmeritam sub iuga curva trahi, aut cadere ante aras commentaque sacra coegit, et tenuit laeta paelicis exta manu. 320 Paelicibus quotiens placavit numina caesis, atque ait, exta tenens ‘ite, placete meo!’ Et modo se Europen fieri, modo postulat Io, altera quod bos est, altera vecta bove. Hanc tamen implevit, vacca deceptus acerna, 325 dux gregis, et partu proditus auctor erat. Cressa Thyesteo si se abstinuisset amore (et quantum est uno posse carere viro?), non medium rupisset iter, curruque retorto auroram versis Phoebus adisset equis. 330
111 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 42-45
Filia purpureos Niso furata capillos 331 pube premit rabidos inguinibusque canes. Qui Martem terra, Neptunum effugit in undis, coniugis Atrides victima dira fuit. Cui non defleta est Ephyraeae flamma Creusae, 335 et nece natorum sanguinolenta parens? Flevit Amyntorides per inania lumina Phoenix: Hippolytum pavidi diripuistis equi. Quid fodis inmeritis, Phineu, sua lumina natis? Poena reversura est in caput ista tuum. 340 Omnia feminea sunt ista libidine mota; acrior est nostra, plusque furoris habet. Ergo age, ne dubita cunctas sperare puellas; vix erit e multis, quae neget, una, tibi. Quae dant quaeque negant, gaudent tamen esse rogatae: 345 ut iam fallaris, tuta repulsa tua est. Sed cur fallaris, cum sit nova grata voluptas et capiant animos plus aliena suis? Fertilior seges est alienis semper in agris, vicinumque pecus grandius uber habet. 350 Sed prius ancillam captandae nosse puellae cura sit: accessus molliet illa tuos. Proxima consiliis dominae sit ut illa, videto, neve parum tacitis conscia fida iocis. Hanc tu pollicitis, hanc tu corrumpe rogando: 355 quod petis, ex facili, si volet illa, feres. Illa leget tempus (medici quoque tempora servant) quo facilis dominae mens sit et apta capi. Mens erit apta capi tum, cum laetissima rerum ut seges in pingui luxuriabit humo. 360
112 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 46-49
Pectora dum gaudent nec sunt adstricta dolore, 361 ipsa patent, blanda tum subit arte Venus. Tum, cum tristis erat, defensa est Ilios armis: militibus gravidum laeta recepit equum. Tum quoque temptanda est, cum paelice laesa dolebit: 365 tum facies opera, ne sit inulta, tua. Hanc matutinos pectens ancilla capillos incitet, et velo remigis addat opem, et secum tenui suspirans murmure dicat ‘At, puto, non poteras ipsa referre vicem.’ 370 Tum de te narret, tum persuadentia verba addat, et insano iuret amore mori. Sed propera, ne vela cadant auraeque residant: ut fragilis glacies, interit ira mora. Quaeris, an hanc ipsam prosit violare ministram? 375 Talibus admissis alea grandis inest. Haec a concubitu fit sedula, tardior illa, haec dominae munus te parat, illa sibi. Casus in eventu est: licet hic indulgeat ausis, consilium tamen est abstinuisse meum. 380 Non ego per praeceps et acuta cacumina vadam, nec iuvenum quisquam me duce captus erit. Si tamen illa tibi, dum dat recipitque tabellas, corpore, non tantum sedulitate placet, fac domina potiare prius, comes illa sequatur: 385 non tibi ab ancilla est incipienda venus. Hoc unum moneo, si quid modo creditur arti, nec mea dicta rapax per mare ventus agit: aut non temptaris aut perfice! tollitur index, cum semel in partem criminis ipsa venit. 390
113 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 49-53
Non avis utiliter viscatis effugit alis; 391 non bene de laxis cassibus exit aper. Saucius arrepto piscis teneatur ab hamo: perprime temptatam, nec nisi victor abi. Tunc neque te prodet communi noxia culpa, 395 factaque erunt dominae dictaque nota tibi. Sed bene celetur: bene si celabitur index, notitiae suberit semper amica tuae. Tempora qui solis operosa colentibus arva, fallitur, et nautis aspicienda putat; 400 nec semper credenda ceres fallacibus arvis, nec semper viridi concava puppis aquae, nec teneras semper tutum captare puellas: saepe dato melius tempore fiet idem. Sive dies suberit natalis, sive Kalendae, 405 quas Venerem Marti continuasse iuvat, sive erit ornatus non ut fuit ante sigillis, sed regum positas Circus habebit opes, differ opus: tunc tristis hiems, tunc Pliades instant, tunc tener aequorea mergitur Haedus aqua; 410 tunc bene desinitur: tunc si quis creditur alto, vix tenuit lacerae naufraga membra ratis. Tu licet incipias qua flebilis Allia luce vulneribus Latiis sanguinolenta fluit, quaque die redeunt, rebus minus apta gerendis, 415 culta Palaestino septima festa Syro. Magna superstitio tibi sit natalis amicae: quaque aliquid dandum est, illa sit atra dies. Cum bene vitaris, tamen auferet; invenit artem femina, qua cupidi carpat amantis opes. 420
114 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 53-57
Institor ad dominam veniet discinctus emacem, 421 expediet merces teque sedente suas: quas illa, inspicias, sapere ut videare, rogabit: oscula deinde dabit; deinde rogabit, emas. Hoc fore contentam multos iurabit in annos, 425 nunc opus esse sibi, nunc bene dicet emi. Si non esse domi, quos des, causabere nummos, littera poscetur — ne didicisse iuvet. Quid, quasi natali cum poscit munera libo, et, quotiens opus est, nascitur illa, sibi? 430 Quid, cum mendaci damno maestissima plorat, elapsusque cava fingitur aure lapis? Multa rogant utenda dari, data reddere nolunt: perdis, et in damno gratia nulla tuo. Non mihi, sacrilegas meretricum ut persequar artes, 435 cum totidem linguis sint satis ora decem. Cera vadum temptet, rasis infusa tabellis: cera tuae primum conscia mentis eat. Blanditias ferat illa tuas imitataque amantem verba; nec exiguas, quisquis es, adde preces. 440 Hectora donavit Priamo prece motus Achilles; flectitur iratus voce rogante deus. Promittas facito: quid enim promittere laedit? Pollicitis dives quilibet esse potest. Spes tenet in tempus, semel est si credita, longum: 445 illa quidem fallax, sed tamen apta dea est. Si dederis aliquid, poteris ratione relinqui: praeteritum tulerit, perdideritque nihil. At quod non dederis, semper videare daturus: sic dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager: 450
115 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 57-60 sic, ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor, 451 et revocat cupidas alea saepe manus. Hoc opus, hic labor est, primo sine munere iungi; ne dederit gratis quae dedit, usque dabit. Ergo eat et blandis peraretur littera verbis, 455 exploretque animos, primaque temptet iter. Littera Cȳdippen pomo perlata fefellit, insciaque est verbis capta puella suis. Disce bonas artes, moneo, Romana iuventus, non tantum trepidos ut tueare reos; 460 quam populus iudexque gravis lectusque senatus, tam dabit eloquio victa puella manus. Sed lateant vires, nec sis in fronte disertus; effugiant voces verba molesta tuae. Quis, nisi mentis inops, tenerae declamat amicae? 465 Saepe valens odii littera causa fuit. Sit tibi credibilis sermo consuetaque verba, blanda tamen, praesens ut videare loqui. Si non accipiet scriptum, inlectumque remittet, lecturam spera, propositumque tene. 470 Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra iuvenci, tempore lenta pati frena docentur equi: ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu, interit adsidua vomer aduncus humo. Quid magis est saxo durum, quid mollius unda? 475 Dura tamen molli saxa cavantur aqua. Penelopen ipsam, persta modo, tempore vinces: capta vides sero Pergama, capta tamen. Legerit, et nolit rescribere? cogere noli: tu modo blanditias fac legat usque tuas. 480
116 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 61-64
Quae voluit legisse, volet rescribere lectis: 481 per numeros venient ista gradusque suos. Forsitan et primo veniet tibi littera tristis, quaeque roget, ne se sollicitare velis. Quod rogat illa, timet; quod non rogat, optat, ut instes; 485 insequere, et voti postmodo compos eris. Interea, sive illa toro resupina feretur, lecticam dominae dissimulanter adi, neve aliquis verbis odiosas offerat auris, qua potes ambiguis callidus abde notis. 490 Seu pedibus vacuis illi spatiosa teretur porticus, hic socias tu quoque iunge moras: et modo praecedas facito, modo terga sequaris, et modo festines, et modo lentus eas: nec tibi de mediis aliquot transire columnas 495 sit pudor, aut lateri continuasse latus; nec sine te curvo sedeat speciosa theatro: quod spectes, umeris adferet illa suis. Illam respicias, illam mirere licebit: multa supercilio, multa loquare notis. 500 Et plaudas, aliquam mimo saltante puellam: et faveas illi, quisquis agatur amans. Cum surgit, surges; donec sedet illa, sedebis; arbitrio dominae tempora perde tuae. Sed tibi nec ferro placeat torquere capillos, 505 nec tua mordaci pumice crura teras. Ista iube faciant, quorum Cybeleïa mater concinitur Phrygiis exululata modis. Forma viros neglecta decet; Minoida Theseus abstulit, a nulla tempora comptus acu. 510
117 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 64-68
Hippolytum Phaedra, nec erat bene cultus, amavit; 511 cura deae silvis aptus Adonis erat. Munditie placeant, fuscentur corpora Campo: sit bene conveniens et sine labe toga: lingula ne rigeat, careant rubigine dentes, 515 nec vagus in laxa pes tibi pelle natet: nec male deformet rigidos tonsura capillos: sit coma, sit trita barba resecta manu. Et nihil emineant, et sint sine sordibus ungues: inque cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus. 520 Nec male odorati sit tristis anhelitus oris: nec laedat naris virque paterque gregis. Cetera lascivae faciant, concede, puellae, et si quis male vir quaerit habere virum. Ecce, suum vatem Liber vocat; hic quoque amantes 525 adiuvat, et flammae, qua calet ipse, favet. Cnosis in ignotis amens errabat harenis, qua brevis aequoreis Dia feritur aquis. Utque erat e somno tunica velata recincta, nuda pedem, croceas inreligata comas, 530 Thesea crudelem surdas clamabat ad undas, indigno teneras imbre rigante genas. Clamabat, flebatque simul, sed utrumque decebat; non facta est lacrimis turpior illa suis. Iamque iterum tundens mollissima pectora palmis 535 ‘Perfidus ille abiit; quid mihi fiet?’ ait. ‘Quid mihi fiet?’ ait: sonuerunt cymbala toto litore, et adtonita tympana pulsa manu. Excidit illa metu, rupitque novissima verba; nullus in exanimi corpore sanguis erat. 540
118 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 68-72
Ecce Mimallonides sparsis in terga capillis: 541 ecce leves satyri, praevia turba dei: ebrius, ecce, senex pando Silenus asello vix sedet, et pressas continet ante iubas. Dum sequitur Bacchas, Bacchae fugiuntque petuntque 545 quadrupedem ferula dum malus urget eques, In caput aurito cecidit delapsus asello: clamarunt satyri ‘surge age, surge, pater.’ Iam deus in curru, quem summum texerat uvis, tigribus adiunctis aurea lora dabat: 550 et color et Theseus et vox abiere puellae: terque fugam petiit, terque retenta metu est. Horruit, ut graciles, agitat quas ventus, aristae, ut levis in madida canna palude tremit. Cui deus ‘en, adsum tibi cura fidelior’ inquit: 555 ‘Pone metum: Bacchi, Cnosias, uxor eris. Munus habe caelum; caelo spectabere sidus; saepe reges dubiam Cressa Corona ratem.’ Dixit, et e curru, ne tigres illa timeret, desilit; inposito cessit harena pede: 560 implicitamque sinu (neque enim pugnare valebat) abstulit; in facili est omnia posse deo. Pars ‘Hymenaee’ canunt, pars clamant ‘Euhion, euhoe!’ sic coeunt sacro nupta deusque toro. Ergo ubi contigerint positi tibi munera Bacchi, 565 atque erit in socii femina parte tori, Nycteliumque patrem nocturnaque sacra precare, ne iubeant capiti vina nocere tuo. Hic tibi multa licet sermone latentia tecto dicere, quae dici sentiat illa sibi: 570
119 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 72-75 blanditiasque leves tenui perscribere vino, 571 ut dominam in mensa se legat illa tuam: atque oculos oculis spectare fatentibus ignem: saepe tacens vocem verbaque vultus habet. Fac primus rapias illius tacta labellis 575 pocula, quaque bibet parte puella, bibas: et quemcumque cibum digitis libaverit illa, tu pete, dumque petis, sit tibi tacta manus. Sint etiam tua vota, viro placuisse puellae: utilior vobis factus amicus erit. 580 Huic, si sorte bibes, sortem concede priorem: huic detur capiti missa corona tuo. Sive erit inferior, seu par, prior omnia sumat: nec dubites illi verba secunda loqui. Tuta frequensque via est, per amici fallere nomen: 585 tuta frequensque licet sit via, crimen habet. Inde procurator nimium quoque multa procurat, et sibi mandatis plura videnda putat. Certa tibi a nobis dabitur mensura bibendi: officium praestent mensque pedesque suum. 590 Iurgia praecipue vino stimulata caveto, et nimium faciles ad fera bella manus. Occidit Eurytion stulte data vina bibendo; aptior est dulci mensa merumque ioco. Si vox est, canta: si mollia brachia, salta: 595 et quacumque potes dote placere, place. Ebrietas ut vera nocet, sic ficta iuvabit: fac titubet blaeso subdola lingua sono, ut, quicquid facias dicasve protervius aequo, credatur nimium causa fuisse merum. 600
120 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 76-79
Et bene dic dominae, bene, cum quo dormiat illa; 601 sed, male sit, tacita mente precare, viro. At cum discedet mensa conviva remota, ipsa tibi accessus turba locumque dabit. Insere te turbae, leviterque admotus eunti 605 velle latus digitis, et pede tange pedem. Conloquii iam tempus adest; fuge rustice longe hinc pudor; audentem Forsque Venusque iuvat. Non tua sub nostras veniat facundia leges: fac tantum cupias, sponte disertus eris. 610 Est tibi agendus amans, imitandaque vulnera verbis; haec tibi quaeratur qualibet arte fides. Nec credi labor est: sibi quaeque videtur amanda; pessima sit, nulli non sua forma placet. Saepe tamen vere coepit simulator amare, 615 saepe, quod incipiens finxerat esse, fuit. Quo magis, o, faciles imitantibus este, puellae: fiet amor verus, qui modo falsus erat. Blanditiis animum furtim deprendere nunc sit, ut pendens liquida ripa subestur aqua. 620 Nec faciem, nec te pigeat laudare capillos et teretes digitos exiguumque pedem: delectant etiam castas praeconia formae; virginibus curae grataque forma sua est. Nam cur in Phrygiis Iunonem et Pallada silvis 625 nunc quoque iudicium non tenuisse pudet? Laudatas ostendit avis Iunonia pinnas: si tacitus spectes, illa recondit opes. Quadrupedes inter rapidi certamina cursus depexaeque iubae plausaque colla iuvant. 630
121 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 79-83
Nec timide promitte: trahunt promissa puellas; 631 pollicito testes quoslibet adde deos. Iuppiter ex alto periuria ridet amantum, et iubet Aeolios inrita ferre Notos. Per Styga Iunoni falsum iurare solebat 635 Iuppiter; exemplo nunc favet ipse suo. Expedit esse deos, et, ut expedit, esse putemus; dentur in antiquos tura merumque focos; nec secura quies illos similisque sopori detinet; innocue vivite: numen adest; 640 reddite depositum; pietas sua foedera servet: fraus absit; vacuas caedis habete manus. Ludite, si sapitis, solas impune puellas: hac minus est una fraude tuenda fides. Fallite fallentes: ex magna parte profanum 645 sunt genus: in laqueos quos posuere, cadant. Dicitur Aegyptos caruisse iuvantibus arva imbribus, atque annos sicca fuisse novem, cum Thrasius Busirin adit, monstratque piari hospitis adfuso sanguine posse Iovem. 650 Illi Busiris ‘fies Iovis hostia primus,’ inquit ‘et Aegypto tu dabis hospes aquam.’ Et Phalaris tauro violenti membra Perilli torruit: infelix inbuit auctor opus. Iustus uterque fuit: neque enim lex aequior ulla est, 655 quam necis artifices arte perire sua. Ergo ut periuras merito periuria fallant, exemplo doleat femina laesa suo. Et lacrimae prosunt: lacrimis adamanta movebis: fac madidas videat, si potes, illa genas. 660
122 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 83-87
Si lacrimae (neque enim veniunt in tempore semper) 661 deficient, uda lumina tange manu. Quis sapiens blandis non misceat oscula verbis? Illa licet non det, non data sume tamen. Pugnabit primo fortassis, et ‘improbe’ dicet: 665 pugnando vinci se tamen illa volet. Tantum ne noceant teneris male rapta labellis, neve queri possit dura fuisse, cave. Oscula qui sumpsit, si non et cetera sumet, haec quoque, quae data sunt, perdere dignus erit. 670 Quantum defuerat pleno post oscula voto? Ei mihi, rusticitas, non pudor ille fuit. Vim licet appelles: grata est vis ista puellis: quod iuvat, invitae saepe dedisse volunt. Quaecumque est veneris subita violata rapina, 675 gaudet, et inprobitas muneris instar habet. At quae cum posset cogi, non tacta recessit, ut simulet vultu gaudia, tristis erit. Vim passa est Phoebe: vis est allata sorori; et gratus raptae raptor uterque fuit. 680 Fabula nota quidem, sed non indigna referri, Scȳrias Haemonio iuncta puella viro. Iam dea laudatae dederat mala praemia formae colle sub Idaeo vincere digna duas: iam nurus ad Priamum diverso venerat orbe, 685 Graiaque in Iliacis moenibus uxor erat: iurabant omnes in laesi verba mariti: nam dolor unius publica causa fuit. Turpe, nisi hoc matris precibus tribuisset, Achilles veste virum longa dissimulatus erat. 690
123 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 87-91
Quid facis, Aeacide? non sunt tua munera lanae; 691 tu titulos alia Palladis arte petas. Quid tibi cum calathis? clipeo manus apta ferendo est: pensa quid in dextra, qua cadet Hector, habes? Reïce succinctos operoso stamine fusos! 695 Quassanda est ista Pelias hasta manu. Forte erat in thalamo virgo regalis eodem; haec illum stupro comperit esse virum. Viribus illa quidem victa est, ita credere oportet: sed voluit vinci viribus illa tamen. 700 Saepe ‘mane!’ dixit, cum iam properaret Achilles; fortia nam posita sumpserat arma colo. Vis ubi nunc illa est? Quid blanda voce moraris auctorem stupri, Deïdamia, tui? Scilicet ut pudor est quaedam coepisse priorem, 705 sic alio gratum est incipiente pati. A! nimia est iuveni propriae fiducia formae, expectat si quis, dum prior illa roget. Vir prior accedat, vir verba precantia dicat: excipiet blandas comiter illa preces. 710 Ut potiare, roga: tantum cupit illa rogari; da causam voti principiumque tui. Iuppiter ad veteres supplex heroïdas ibat: corrupit magnum nulla puella Iovem. Si tamen a precibus tumidos accedere fastus 715 senseris, incepto parce referque pedem. Quod refugit, multae cupiunt: odere quod instat; lenius instando taedia tolle tui. Nec semper veneris spes est profitenda roganti: intret amicitiae nomine tectus amor. 720
124 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 91-94
Hoc aditu vidi tetricae data verba puellae: 721 qui fuerat cultor, factus amator erat. Candidus in nauta turpis color, aequoris unda debet et a radiis sideris esse niger: turpis et agricolae, qui vomere semper adunco 725 et gravibus rastris sub Iove versat humum. Et tibi, Palladiae petitur cui fama coronae, candida si fuerint corpora, turpis eris. Palleat omnis amans: hic est color aptus amanti; hoc decet, hoc stulti non valuisse putant. 730 Pallidus in Side silvis errabat Orion, pallidus in lenta naïde Daphnis erat. Arguat et macies animum: nec turpe putaris palliolum nitidis inposuisse comis. Attenuant iuvenum vigilatae corpora noctes 735 curaque et in magno qui fit amore dolor. Ut voto potiare tuo, miserabilis esto, ut qui te videat, dicere possit ‘amas.’ Conquerar, an moneam mixtum fas omne nefasque? Nomen amicitia est, nomen inane fides. 740 Ei mihi, non tutum est, quod ames, laudare sodali; cum tibi laudanti credidit, ipse subit. At non Actorides lectum temeravit Achillis: quantum ad Pirithoum, Phaedra pudica fuit. Hermionam Pylades quo Pallada Phoebus, amabat, 745 quodque tibi geminus, Tyndari, Castor, erat. Si quis idem sperat, laturas poma myricas speret, et e medio flumine mella petat. Nil nisi turpe iuvat: curae sua cuique voluptas: haec quoque ab alterius grata dolore venit. 750
125 Ars Amatoria Liber I, pp. 94-97
Heu facinus! non est hostis metuendus amanti; 751 quos credis fidos, effuge, tutus eris. Cognatum fratremque cave carumque sodalem: praebebit veros haec tibi turba metus. Finiturus eram, sed sunt diversa puellis 755 pectora: mille animos excipe mille modis. Nec tellus eadem parit omnia; vitibus illa convenit, haec oleis; hac bene farra virent. Pectoribus mores tot sunt, quot in ore figurae; qui sapit, innumeris moribus aptus erit, 760 utque leves Proteus modo se tenuabit in undas, nunc leo, nunc arbor, nunc erit hirtus aper. Hi iaculo pisces, illi capiuntur ab hamis: hos cava contento retia fune trahunt. Nec tibi conveniet cunctos modus unus ad annos: 765 longius insidias cerva videbit anus. Si doctus videare rudi, petulansve pudenti, diffidet miserae protinus illa sibi. Inde fit, ut quae se timuit committere honesto, vilis ad amplexus inferioris eat. 770 Pars superat coepti, pars est exhausta laboris. Hic teneat nostras ancora rates.
126 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 127
1st Declension 2nd Declension (m.) 2nd Declension (n.) Nom. copia copiae legatus legatī proelium proelia Gen. copiae copiārum legatī legatōrum proeliī proeliōrum Dat. copiae copiīs legatō legatīs proeliō proeliīs Acc. copiam copiās legatum legatōs proelium proelia Abl. copiā copiīs legatō legatīs proeliō proeliīs
3rd Declension (m/f) 3rd Declension (n.) Nom. mīles mīlites iter itinera Gen. mīlitis mīlitum itineris itinerum Dat. mīlitī mīlitibus itinerī itineribus Acc. mīlitem mīlitēs iter itinera Abl. mīlite mīlitibus itinere itineribus
4th Declension (m/f) 4th Declension (n.) Nom. manus manūs cornū cornua Gen. manūs manuum cornūs cornuum Dat. manuī manibus cornū cornuibus Acc. manum manūs cornū cornua Abl. manū manibus cornū cornuibus
5th Declension (m/f) Nom. rēs rēs Gen. rēī rērum Dat. rēī rēbus Acc. rem rēs Abl. rē rēbus
Selected Pronouns Nom. is he ea she id it Gen. eius his eius her eius its Dat. eī to/for him eī to/for her eī to/for it Acc. eum him eam her id it Abl. eō with/from him eā with/from her eō with/from it
Nom. eī they eae they ea they Gen . eōrum their eārum their eōrum their Dat. eīs to/for them eīs to/for them eīs to/for them Acc. eōs them eās them ea them Abl. eīs with/from them eīs with/from them eīs with/from them
Nom. quī quae quod quī quae quae who, which, that Gen. cuius cuius cuius quōrum quārum quōrum whose, of whom/which Dat. cuī cuī cuī quibus quibus quibus to whom/which Acc. quem quam quod quōs quās quae whom, which, that Abl. quō quā quō quibus quibus quibus by/with/from whom/which 128 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives
Nom. ille illa illud that hic haec hoc this Gen. illīus illīus illīus of that huius huius huius of this Dat. illī illī illī to/for that huic huic huic to/for this Acc. illum illam illud that hunc hanc hoc this Abl. illō illā illō with/from that hōc hāc hōc b/w/f this
Nom. illī illae illa those hī hae haec these Gen. illōrum illārum illōrum of those hōrum hārum hōrum of these Dat. illīs illīs illīs to those hīs hīs hīs to these Acc. illōs illās illa those hōs hās haec these Abl. illīs illīs illīs with/from those hīs hīs hīs with/from these
reflexive pronoun possessive reflexive adjective Nom. --- suus sua suum suī suae sua Gen. suī suī suae suī suōrum suārum suōrum Dat. sibi suō suae suō suīs suīs suīs Acc. sē suum suam suum suōs suās sua Abl. sē suō suā suō suīs suīs suīs
Adjectives and Adverbs
Decl. Positive Comparative Superlative
1st/2nd altus, -a, -um altior, altius altissimus, -a, -um high higher highest, very high, most high altē altius altissimē deeply more deeply very highly, most highly 3rd fortis, forte fortior, fortius fortissimus, -a, -um brave braver, more brave bravest, very brave, most brave fortiter fortius fortissimē bravely more bravely very bravely, most bravely
Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs
Positive Comparative Superlative bonus, -a, -um melior, melius optimus, -a, -um good better best magnus, -a, -um maior, maius maximus, -a, -um great greater greatest parvus, -a, -um minor, minus minimus, -a, -um small smaller smallest multus, -a, -um ---, plus plurimus, -a, -um much more most
Synopsis: 1st Conjugation 129
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum: to love active translation passive translation Indicative Pres. amō amāmus I love amor amāmur I am loved amās amātis amāris amāminī amat amant amātur amantur Impf. amābam amābāmus I was loving amābar amābāmur I was being loved amābās amābātis amābāris amābāminī amābat amābant amābātur amābantur Fut. amābō amābimus I will love amābor amābimur I will be loved amābis amābitis amāberis amābiminī amābit amābunt amābitur amābuntur Perf. amāvī amāvimus I have loved amāta sum amātae sumus I have been loved amāvistī amāvistis amāta es amātae estis was loved amāvit amāvērunt amāta est amātae sunt Plpf. amāveram amāverāmus I had loved amāta eram amātae erāmus I had been loved amāverās amāverātis amāta erās amātae erātis amāverat amāverant amāta erat amātae erant Fut. Pf amāverō amāverimus I will have amāta erō amātae erimus I will have been amāveris amāveritis loved amāta eris amātae eritis loved amāverit amāverint amāta erit amātae erunt
Subjunctive Pres. amem amēmus same as amer amēmur same as amēs amētis indicative amēris amēminī indicative amet ament ametur amentur Impf. amārem amārēmus amārer amārēmur amārēs amārētis amārēris amārēminī amāret amārent amāretur amārentur Perf. amāverim amāverīmus amāta sim amātae sīmus amāverīs amāverītis amāta sīs amātae sītis amāverit amāverint amāta sit amātae sint Plpf. amāvissem amāvissēmus amāta essem amātae essēmus amāvissēs amāvissētis amāta essēs amātae essētis amāvisset amāvissent amāta esset amātae essent
Imperative amā amāte love! Participle Pres. amāns (amantis) loving Perf. amātus, -a, -um having been loved Fut. amātūrus, -a, -um going to love amandus, -a, -um going to be loved Infinitive Pres. amāre to love amārī to be love Perf. amāvisse to have loved amātum esse to have been loved Fut. amātūrum esse to be going to love 130 Synopsis: 2nd Conjugation
videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum: to see active translation passive translation Indicative Pres. videō vidēmus I see videor vidēmur I am seen vidēs vidētis vidēris vidēminī videt vident vidētur videntur Impf. vidēbam vidēbāmus I was seeing vidēbar vidēbāmur I was being seen vidēbās vidēbātis vidēbāris vidēbāminī vidēbat vidēbant vidēbātur vidēbantur Fut. vidēbō vidēbimus I will see vidēbor vidēbimur I will be seen vidēbis vidēbitis vidēberis vidēbiminī vidēbit vidēbunt vidēbitur vidēbuntur Perf. vīdī vīdimus I have seen vīsa sum vīsae sumus I have been seen vīdistī vīdistis vīsa es vīsae estis was seen vīdit vīdērunt vīsa est vīsae sunt Plpf. vīderam vīderāmus I had seen vīsa eram vīsae erāmus I had been seen vīderās vīderātis vīsa erās vīsae erātis vīderat vīderant vīsa erat vīsae erant Fut.pf. vīderō vīderimus I will have vīsa erō vīsae erimus I will have been vīderis vīderitis seen vīsa eris vīsae eritis seen vīderit vīderint vīsa erit vīsae erunt
Subjunctive Pres. videam videāmus same as videar videāmur same as videās videātis indicative videāris videāminī indicative videat videant videatur videantur Impf. vidērem vidērēmus vidērer vidērēmur vidērēs vidērētis vidērēris vidērēminī vidēret vidērent vidērētur vidērentur Perf. vīderim vīderīmus vīsa sim vīsae sīmus vīderīs vīderītis vīsa sīs vīsae sītis vīderit vīderint vīsa sit vīsae sint Plpf. vīdissem vīdissēmus vīsa essem vīsae essēmus vīdissēs vīdissētis vīsa essēs vīsae essētis vīdisset vīdissent vīsa esset vīsae essent
Imperative vidē vidēte see! Participle Pres. vidēns (videntis) seeing Perf. vīsus, -a, -um having been seen Fut. vīsūrus, -a, -um going to see videndus, -a, -um going to be seen Infinitive Pres. vidēre to see vidērī to be seen Perf. vīdisse to have seen vīsum esse to have been seen Fut. vīsūrum esse to be going to see Synopsis: 3rd Conjugation 131
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum: to lead active translation passive translation Indicative Pres. dūcō dūcimus I lead dūcor dūcimur I am led dūcis dūcitis dūceris dūciminī dūcit dūcunt dūcitur dūcuntur Impf. dūcēbam dūcēbāmus I was leading dūcēbar dūcēbāmur I was being led dūcēbās dūcēbātis dūcēbāris dūcēbāminī dūcēbat dūcēbant dūcēbātur dūcēbantur Fut. dūcam dūcēmus I will lead dūcar dūcēmur I will be led dūcēs dūcētis dūcēris dūcēminī dūcet dūcent dūcetur dūcentur Perf. dūxī dūximus I have led ducta sum ductae sumus I have been led dūxistī dūxistis ducta es ductae estis was led dūxit dūxērunt ducta est ductae sunt Plpf. dūxeram dūxerāmus I had led ducta eram ductae erāmus I had been led dūxerās dūxerātis ducta erās ductae erātis dūxerat dūxerant ducta erat ductae erant Fut. Pf dūxerō dūxerimus I will have ducta erō ductae erimus I will have been dūxeris dūxeritis led ducta eris ductae eritis led dūxerit dūxerint ducta erit ductae erunt
Subjunctive Pres. dūcam dūcāmus same as dūcar dūcāmur same as dūcās dūcātis indicative dūcāris dūcāminī indicative dūcat dūcant dūcatur dūcantur Impf. dūcerem dūcerēmus dūcerer dūcerēmur dūcerēs dūcerētis dūcerēris dūcerēminī dūceret dūcerent dūceretur dūcerentur Perf. dūxerim dūxerīmus ducta sim ductae sīmus dūxerīs dūxerītis ducta sīs ductae sītis dūxerit dūxerint ducta sit ductae sint Plpf. dūxissem dūxissēmus ducta essem ductae essēmus dūxissēs dūxissētis ducta essēs ductae essētis dūxisset dūxissent ducta esset ductae essent
Imperative dūc ducite lead! Participle Pres. ducēns (dūcentis) leading Perf. ductus, -a, -um having been led Fut. ductūrus, -a, -um going to lead ducendus, -a, -um going to be led Infinitive Pres. dūcere to lead dūcī to be lead Perf. dūxisse to have led ductum esse to have been led Fut. ductūrum esse to be going to lead 132 Synopsis: 3rd-io Conjugation
capiō, capere, cēpī, captum: to take active translation passive translation Indicative Pres. capiō capimus I take capior capimur I am taken capis capitis caperis capiminī capit capiunt capitur capuntur Impf. capiēbam capiēbāmus I was taking capiēbar capiēbāmur I was being taken capiēbās capiēbātis capiēbāris capiēbāminī capiēbat capiēbant capiēbātur capiēbantur Fut. capiam capiēmus I will take capiar capiēmur I will be taken capiēs capiētis capiēris capiēminī capiet capient capietur capientur Perf. cēpī cēpimus I have taken capta sum captae sumus I have been taken cēpistī cēpistis capta es captae estis was taken cēpit cēpērunt capta est captae sunt Plpf. cēperam cēperāmus I had taken capta eram captae erāmus I had been taken cēperās cēperātis capta erās captae erātis cēperat cēperant capta erat captae erant Fut. Pf cēperō cēperimus I will have capta erō captae erimus I will have been cēperis cēperitis taken capta eris captae eritis taken cēperit cēperint capta erit captae erunt
Subjunctive Pres. capam capāmus same as capar capāmur same as capās capātis indicative capāris capāminī indicative capat capant capatur capantur Impf. caperem caperēmus caperer caperēmur caperēs caperētis caperēris caperēminī caperet caperent caperetur caperentur Perf. cēperim cēperīmus capta sim captae sīmus cēperīs cēperītis capta sīs captae sītis cēperit cēperint capta sit captae sint Plpf. cēpissem cēpissēmus capta essem captae essēmus cēpissēs cēpissētis capta essēs captae essētis cēpisset cēpissent capta esset captae essent
Imperative cape capite take! Participle Pres. capiēns (capientis) taking Perf. captus, -a, -um having been taken Fut. captūrus, -a, -um going to take capiendus, -a, -um going to be taken Infinitive Pres. capere to take capī to be take Perf. cēpisse to have taken captum esse to have been taken Fut. captūrum esse to be going to take Synopsis: 4th Conjugation 133
audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum: to hear active translation passive translation Indicative Pres. audīō audīmus I hear audior audīmur I am heard audīs audītis audīris audīminī audiit audiunt audītur audiuntur Impf. audiēbam audiēbāmus I was hearing audiēbar audiēbāmur I was being heard audiēbās audiēbātis audiēbāris audiēbāminī audiēbat audiēbant audiēbātur audiēbantur Fut. audiam audiēmus I will hear audiar audiēmur I will be heard audiēs audiētis audiēris audiēminī audiet audient audiētur audiēntur Perf. audīvī audīvimus I have heard audīta sum audītae sumus I have been heard audīvistī audīvistis audīta es audītae estis was heard audīvit audīvērunt audīta est audītae sunt Plpf. audīveram audīverāmus I had heard audīta eram audītae erāmus I had been heard audīverās audīverātis audīta erās audītae erātis audīverat audīverant audīta erat audītae erant Fut.pf audīverō audīverimus I will have audīta erō audītae erimus I will have been audīveris audīveritis heard audīta eris audītae eritis heard audīverit audīverint audīta erit audītae erunt
Subjunctive Pres. audiam audiāmus same as audiar audiāmur same as audiās audiātis indicative audiāris audiāminī indicative audiat audiant audiātur audiantur Impf. audīrem audīrēmus audīrer audīrēmur audīrēs audīrētis audīrēris audīrēminī audīret audīrent audīretur audīrentur Perf. audīverim audīverīmus audīta sim audītae sīmus audīverīs audīverītis audīta sīs audītae sītis audīverit audīverint audīta sit audītae sint Plpf. audīvissem audīvissēmus audīta essem audītae essēmus audīvissēs audīvissētis audīta essēs audītae essētis audīvisset audīvissent audīta esset audītae essent
Imperative audī audīte hear! Participle Pres. audiēns (audientis) hearing Perf. audītus, -a, -um having been heard Fut. audītūrus, -a, -um going to hear audiendus, -a, -um going to be heard Infinitive Pres. audīre to hear audīrī to be heard Perf. audīvisse to have heard audītum esse to have been heard Fut. audītūrum esse to be going to hear 134 Synopsis: sum and possum
sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: to be possum, posse, potuī, -- : to be able, can translation translation Indicative Pres. sum sumus I am possum possumus I am able, can es estis potes potestis est sunt potest possunt Impf. eram erāmus I was poteram poterāmus I was able, could erās erātis poterās poterātis erat erant poterat poterant Fut. erō erimus I will be poterō poterimus I will be able eris eritis poteris poteritis erit erunt poterit poterunt Perf. fuī fuimus I have been, potuī potuimus I have been able, fuistī fuistis I was potuistī potuistis I was able, could fuit fuērunt potuit potuērunt Plpf. fueram fuerāmus I had been potueram potuerāmus I had been able fuerās fuerātis potuerās potuerātis fuerat fuerant potuerat potuerant Fut. Pf. fuerō fuerimus I will have been potuerō potuerimus I will have been able fueris fueritis been potueris potueritis fuerit fuerint potuerit potuerint
Subjunctive Pres. sim sīmus same as possim possīmus same as sīs sītis indicative possīs possītis indicative sit sint possit possint Impf. essem essēmus possem possēmus essēs essētis possēs possētis esset essent posset possent Perf. fuerim fuerīmus potuerim potuerīmus fuerīs fuerītis potuerīs potuerītis fuerit fuerint potuerit potuerint Plpf. fuissem fuissēmus potuissem potuissēmus fuissēs fuissētis potuissēs potuissētis fuisset fuissent potuisset potuissent
Imperative xxx xxx
Infinitive Pres. esse to be posse to be able Perf. fuisse to have been potuisse to have been heard Fut. futūrum esse* to be going to be ----
* fore is a common indeclinable alternative for futūrum esse. Synopsis: eō, īre and Deponent Verb 135
eō, īre, i(v)ī, itūrum: to go sequor, sequī, secūtus-a-um sum: to follow active translation deponent translation Indicative Pres. eō īmus I go sequor sequimur I follow īs ītis sequeris sequiminī it eunt sequitur sequuntur Impf. ībam ībāmus I was going sequēbar sequēbāmur I was following ībās ībātis sequēbāris sequēbāminī ībat ībant sequēbātur sequēbantur Fut. ībō ībimus I will go sequar sequēmur I will follow ībis ībitis sequēris sequēminī ībit ībunt sequētur sequentur Perf. iī iimus I have gone, secūta sum secūtae sumus I have followed īstī īstis went secūta es secūtae estis iit iērunt secūta est secūtae sunt Plpf. ieram ierāmus I had gone secūta eram secūtae erāmus I had followed ierās ierātis secūta erās secūtae erātis ierat ierant secūta erat secūtae erant Fut. Pf. ierō ierimus I will have gone secūta erō secūtae erimus I will have ieris ieritis secūta eris secūtae eritis followed ierit ierint secūta erit secūtae erunt Subjunctive Pres. eam eāmus same as sequar sequāmur eās eātis indicative sequāris sequāminī eat eant sequātur sequantur Impf. īrem īrēmus sequerer sequerēmur īrēs īrētis sequerēris sequerēminī īret īrent sequerētur sequerentur Perf. ierim ierimus secūta sim secūtae sīmus ieris ieritis secūta sīs secūtae sītis ierit ierunt secūta sit secūtae sint Plpf. īssem īssēmus secūta essem secūtae essēmus īssēs īssētis secūta essēs secūtae essētis īsset īssent secūta esset secūtae essent Imperative ī īte go! sequere sequitor follow!
Participle Pres. iēns (euntis) going sequēns (gen. sequentis) following Perf. --- secūtus, -a, -um having followed Fut. itūrus, -a, -um going to go secūtūrus, -a, -um going to follow
Infinitive Pres. īre to go sequī to follow Perf. īsse to have gone secūtum esse to have followed Fut. ītūrum esse to be going to go secūtūrum esse to be going to follow 136 Synopsis: volō, velle, voluī
volō, velle, voluī: to wish, want active translation Indicative Pres. volō volumus I wish ß Irregular Present Indicative vīs vultis vult volunt Impf. volēbam volēbāmus I was wishing volēbās volēbātis volēbat volēbant Fut. volam volēmus I will wish volēs volētis volet volent Perf. voluī voluimus I have wished voluistī voluistis voluit voluērunt Plpf. volueram voluerāmus I had wished voluerās voluerātis voluerat voluerant Fut. Pf. voluerō voluerimus I will have wished volueris volueritis voluerit voluerint Subjunctive Pres. velim velimus same as indicative ß Irregular Present Subjunctive velis velitis velit velint Impf. vellem vellēmus ß Irregular Imperfect Subjunctive vellēs vellētis vellet vellent Perf. voluerim voluerīmus voluerīs voluerītis voluerit voluerint Plpf. voluissem voluissēmus voluissēs voluissētis voluisset voluissent
Imperative xxxx xxxx wish!
Participle Pres. volēns (gen. volentis) wishing Perf. xxxx Fut. xxxx
Infinitive Pres. velle to wish ß Irregular Infinitive Perf. voluisse to have wished Fut. xxxx Subjunctives 137
Common Uses of the Subjunctive in the Ars Amatoria
The following subjunctives appear in Ovid’s Ars Amatoria, and are listed according to the frequency with which they appear in Book I.
How to Identify Special Example
Translation
1. Jussive main verb (neg. nē) let/should puella amet Subjunctive often in 3s or 3p let the girl love
2. Purpose Clause, ut/nē (neg.) may/might/ ut puella amāret adverbial/relative would so that the girl might love
3. Relative Clause quī, quod + subj. none/would quem puella amāret of Characteristic the sort whom the girl would love
4. Result Clause, tantus, tam, ita + ut/ none ut puella amāret adverbial/noun ut nōn that the girl loved
5. Indirect interrogatives: none nōvit quem puella amāret Question e.g. quis, cūr he learned whom the girl loved
6. Indirect commanding verb + none persuāsit ut puella amāret Command ut/nē (neg.) he persuaded that the girl love
7. Deliberative main verb (neg. nōn) none/should puella amet Subjunctive the girl should love
8. Past Contrary to sī + plpf. subj., plpf. had...would sī fuisset, amāvisset Fact Condition subj. have if she had been, she would have loved
9. Future Less sī + pres. subj., pres. should...would sī sit, amet Vivid Condition subj. if she should be, she would love
10. Cum Clauses cum + subjunctive none Cum puella amāret When the girl loved
11. Prohibitive nē (or nōn) should (not) Nē puella amet Subjunctive The girl should not love
12. Optative main verb (neg. nē) May...! Utinam puella amet Subjunctive often with utinam/ut Would that...! Would that the girl may love
13. Verb in any subordinate verb none eam, quem amāret, vidēre Subordinate in an acc. + inf. that she saw him, whom she loved Clause in Indirect construction Discourse
138
Alphabetized Core Vocabulary
The following includes all words in Book I that occur five or more times arranged alphabetically.
ā, ab, abs: (away) from, out of; by (abl), 19 Achillēs, -is m.: Achilles, 5 ad: to, toward; near (acc), 10 addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: add, bring to, 7 adsum, -esse, -fuī: be present, assist, 6 agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: drive, lead, spend; plead, 8 aliquis, aliquid (adj. -quī, -qua, -quod): someone, something; adj. some, any, 7 alter, -era, -erum: other, another; one…the other (of 2), 7 amāns, amantis m./f.: lover, 9 amō (1): love, like, 22 amor, -ōris m.: love; desire, passion, 21 animus, -ī m.: soul, spirit, breath; pride, 12 annus, -ī m.: year, 8 ante: before, in front of (acc); before, first, 10 aptus, -a, -um: fitting, suitable for (dat), 16 aqua, -ae f.: water, 10 arma, -ōrum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 19 at: but, at least; mind you, 6 atque: and, and also, and even, 8 aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 6 bene: well, 16 bibō, -ere, bibī: drink, 5 blandus, -a, -um: smooth, flattering, 7 cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsum: fall, 5 capillus, -ī m.: hair, 6 capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, catch, occupy, 15 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause, case; causā for the sake of, 7 caveō, -ēre, cāvī: beware, be on guard, look out, 5 cōgō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: force, compel, collect, 5 colō, -ere, coluī, cultum: cultivate; worship, 5 coma, -ae f.: hair, 6 conveniō, -īre: is fitting for, it suits (dat); meet, 5 corpus, corporis n.: body, 6 crēdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: believe, trust (dat), 15 cum: with (abl); when, since, although, 30 cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum: desire, long for, 7 cūra, -ae f.: care, concern, worry, 9 currus, -ūs m.: chariot, cart, 6 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary 139 dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 10 dea, -ae f.: goddess, divinity, deity, 5 decet, decere, decuit: (usu. impers.) (it) is fitting, (it) is becoming; adorn, grace, 5 deus, -ī m.: god, divinity, deity, 12 Diāna, -ae f.: Diana, 8 dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictum: say, speak, tell (about), 25 diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, season, 7 digitus, -ī m.: finger, 5 dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put; grant, 44 dolor, -ōris m.: pain, grief, 5 domina, -ae f.: master, owner; mistress, 13 dum: while, as long as, until, 9 dux, ducis m./f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 6 ē, ex: out from, from, out of (abl), 11 ecce: behold, 6 ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē: I, 21 eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrum: go, 15 equus, -ī m.: horse, 10 ergō: therefore, 5 et: and, also, even, 103 excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussum: shake off, brush off, 5 facilis, -e: easy, ready, quick, good natured, yielding, 6 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 25 fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsum: deceive, disappoint, cheat, 12 faveō, -ēre, fāvī: to favor, be well-disposed towards, be propitous (dat), 7 fēmina, -ae f.: woman, female, 8 ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum: carry, carry away, receive, bear, endure; relate, say, 14 fiō, fierī, factum: become, happen, be made, 11 fōrma, -ae f.: shape; beauty, 7 fors, fortis f.: chance, luck, fortune, 5 frequēns (frequentis): crowded, frequent, much frequented, often, 5 fugiō, -ere, fūgī: to flee, escape, hurry away, 9 gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsum: rejoice, be glad, 5 grātus, -a, -um: pleasing, grateful (dat), 7 habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itum: have, hold, 19 harēna, -ae f.: sand, arena, 5 hic, haec, hoc: this, these; he, she, it, 54 hīc: here, 6 humus, -ī f.: ground; hūmī, on the ground, 5 iam: now, already, 10 ille, illa, illud: that, those, 74 in: in, on (abl), into, against (acc), 59 incipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: begin, undertake, take on, 5 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 17 140 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary iste, ista, istud: that/those (of yours), 9 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6 iungō, -ere, iunxī, iunctum: join, bring together, 5 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 9 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 10 iuvō, -āre, iūvī: to help, aid; delight, be pleasing, 10 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 6 laedō, -ere, laesī, laesum: harm, hurt, strike, offend, 6 latus, -eris n.: side, flank, 5 laudō (1): praise, glorify, 5 legō, -ere, lēgī, lectum: choose, pick; read, 9 lentus, -a, -um: slow, obstinate; flexible, 5 levis, -e: light, capricious, trivial, 6 licet, -ēre, -uit: it is allowed, permitted, 8 littera, -ae f.: letter (of the alphabet), 5 locus -ī m. (pl. loca): place, region, 9 longus, -a, -um: long; longē, far, 9 loquor, loquī, locūtum: speak, say, 5 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5 malus, -a, -um: bad, evil; adv. poorly, 10 manus, -ūs f.: hand; band, group, 20 māter, mātris f.: mother, 7 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 6 mēns, mentis f.: mind, intent, purpose, 8 merus, -a, -um: pure, undiluted (wine), 5 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 12 modus, -ī m.: way, manner, melody; modo, only, now, recently, 20 mollis, -e: soft, 7 mōs, mōris m.: custom, habit, mood; pl. character, 5 moveō, -ēre, -vī, mōtum: move, set in motion, arouse, 9 multus, -a, -um: much, many, 18 mūnus, mūneris n.: service, gift, task, duty; entertainment, show, 10 nam: for, 5 nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 15 nec: and not, neither…nor, 42 negō (1): to deny, say no, say that…not, 5 neque: and not; neither…nor, 5 nimius, -a, -um: excessive; adv. too (much), 7 noceō, -ēre, -uī: harm, be harmful, hurt (dat), 6 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not wish, be unwilling, 5 nōmen, nōminis n.: name, 9 nōn: not, 46 nōs, nostrī, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs: we, us, 5 nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum: learn; (pf.) know, 6 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, 6 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary 141 novus, -a, -um: new, strange, 6 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 13 nunc: now, at present, 18 oculus, -ī m.: eye, 6 omnis, -e: every, all, 10 ops, opis f.: power; pl. resources, 6 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, project, 10 ōs, ōris n.: mouth, speech, voice; face, 5 pars, partis f.: part, side; some…others, 12 Parthus, -ī m.: Parthian, 5 pater, patris m.: father, senator, 12 patior, patī, passum: suffer, endure; allow, 5 pectus, pectoris n.: chest, breast; heart, 9 per: through, over, across; by, by means of, 13 perdō, -ere, perdidī: lose, ruin, destroy, waste, 6 pēs, pedis m.: foot, 12 petō, -ere, -īvī, petītum: seek, head for, 11 placeō, -ēre, -uī: please, be pleasing to (dat), 15 pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum: put (away), place, dismiss, 11 populus, -ī m.: people; population, 6 possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 22 premō, -ere, pressī, -ssum: press, squeeze, oppress, grasp, check; rest on, sit on, 6 prex, precis f.: prayer, entreaty, 5 prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 13 prior, prius: before, earlier, first (adv. prius), 9 pudor, -ōris m.: (sense of) shame, decency, modesty, 6 puella, -ae f.: girl, 34 puer, -erī m.: boy, 8 putō (1): think, consider, 7 quā: adv. in which way, as; where, 6 quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī: search/look for, 10 que: and, as well, 131 quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 144 quidem: indeed, in fact, certainly, 5 quīlibet, quae-, quod-: whoever or whatever you please; anyone, anything, 6 quisque, quid-: whoever, whatever, each, 6 quoque: also, 13 quot: how many, 5 rapiō, -ere, -uī, raptum: snatch, kidnap, 8 ratis, -is f.: raft, vessel, boat, 5 referō, -ferre, -tulī: report, bring back, return, mention, 7 rogō (1): ask, ask for, beg, 16 saepe: often, 18 sapiō, -ere, sapivī: taste of; be wise, 5 142 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary sē: himself, her-, it-, them-, 18 sed: but, moreover, however, 18 sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum: sit, 9 semper: always, ever, forever, 10 sentiō, -īre, sēnsī: feel, perceive, realize, see, 5 sī: if, whether, in case that, 33 sīc: thus, in this way, 8 sine: without (abl), 7 sīve (seu): or if, whether if, 8 spargō, -ere, -rsī, -rsum: sprinkle, scatter, 5 spectō (1): watch, look at, 11 sub: under, beneath, within (abl), 8 sum, esse, fuī, futūrum: to be, 207 sūmō, -ere, -mpsī, -mptum: take (up), put on, 7 surgō, -ere, surrēxī: get up, rise, 5 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 24 tamen: nevertheless, however, 19 tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctum: touch, 8 tantus, -a, -um: so great/many/much; adv. only, 7 taurus, -ī m.: bull, 6 tegō, -ere, texī, tectum: cover, conceal, 7 temptō (1): attempt, test, try; attack, 6 tempus, -poris n.: time, 12 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 10 tener, -era, -erum: tender, soft, 11 tenuis, -e: thin, 6 tergum, -ī n.: back; hide, 7 terō, -ere, trīvī, trītum: grind, rub, wear, tread upon, 5 timeō, -ēre, -uī: fear, be afraid of, 6 trīstis, -e: sad, sullen, 6 tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you, 71 tum: then, at that time, 10 tunc: then, at that time, 10 turba, -ae f.: crowd, throng; tumult, 6 turpis, -e: ugly, shameful, indecent, 7 tūtus, -a, -um: safe, secure, guarded, 8 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 39 ubi: where, when, 5 unda, -ae f.: wave, surge, water, 6 ūnus (ūnius, ūnī), -a, -um: one, single, 9 ut: as, when (ind); so that, 41 uterque, utra-, utrum-: each (of 2), both, 8 vēlum, -ī n.: sail, canopy, curtain, 10 veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 19 venus, -eris f.: sex, sexual intercourse, love, 5 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary 143
Venus, -eris f.: Venus (goddess), 12 verbum, -ī n.: word, speech, 19 vērus, -a, -um: true, real, 8 vicis, -is f.: turn, repayment, retaliation; vicem, in turn, 6 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 14 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, beat, 17 vīnum, -ī n.: wine, 8 vir, virī m.: man, male, 21 vīs, vīs f.: force, power; vīrēs, strength, 8 volō, velle, voluī: will, wish, be willing, 7 vōtum, -ī n.: vow, prayer, wish 7 vōx, vōcis f.: voice, utterance, word, 7 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 7