Was the “Last Supper” a Passover Meal?

Was the “Last Supper” A Passover Meal?

Tomb Last Y’shua Y’shua Spices Y’shua Y’shua Arrived in Jerusalem Discovered Supper Dies Buried Purchased Risen Empty

4 Days of Testing Lamb Exactly 3 Days and 3 Nights YHWH’s Calendar

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

7 Days of Unleavened Bread

Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed

Gregorian Calendar

Feast of Unleavened Lamb Bread Waving of Lamb Testing Begins Sacrificed (Passover Meal FirstFruits

Alternate # 1 – The “Last Supper” Was a Passover Meal Alternate # 2 – The “Last Supper” Was Not a Passover Meal Legend

Weekly Feast Gregorian Hebraic First Fruits Last Supper Sabbath Sabbath Calendar Calendar

TestEverything.net 4/12/11 Scripture Analysis/Test Alt 1 Alt 2 Test 1 – Exodus 12:1-6 -Lamb is identified on the 10th Pass Fail -Lamb is examined for blemish from the 10th to the 14th ? Now the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This month shall be your beginning of months; it shall be the first -The lamb is sacrificed no later than the 14th month of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: ‘On the tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, -The lamb is sacrificed “between the evenings” which is likely 3pm on the 14th, just according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household. 4 And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his as the sun is nearing a few hours before sundown house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man’s need you shall make your count for the lamb. 5 Your lamb shall be - If Yeshua is the Passover Lamb then the “Last Supper” could not have been a without blemish, a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread). Yeshua could not ea t o f t h e the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at twilight (between the evenings) There are two evenings in Passover and be the Passover at the same time. Hebraic thought: One evening is after high noon, when the sun begins its setting. The second evening is at sunset, when the sun is below the horizon. “Between the evenings” would be about 3:00 PM at the time of the Spring Feasts in Israel.

-The Passover is eaten on the 14th (Going into the 15th) Test 2 – Exodus 12:8-14 -The Passover is eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. -The Passover is eaten in haste leaving nothing till morning. -The firstborn of Israel is “Passed over” on the night of the 15th 8 Then they shall eat the flesh on that night; roasted in fire, with unleavened br ead and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 10 You shall let none of it remain until morning, and what remains of it until morning you shall burn with fire. 11 And thus you shall eat it: with a belt on your waist, th th -Passover is slain on the 14 and the Passover is eaten right as the 14 ends your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it in haste. It is the LORD’s Passover.12 ‘For I will pass through the land of going into the night of the 15th. Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. 13 Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over - If Yeshua is the Passover Lamb then the “Last Supper” could not have been a you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. 14 ‘So this day shall be to you a memorial; and you shall Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread). Yeshua could not ea t of the keep it as a feast to the LORD throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance. Passover and be the Passover at the same time.

-Verse 15 implies that the 7 days of Unleavened Bread begins at the Passover Test 3 –Exodus 12:15-20 meal, which is minutes before the 15th (dusk) and extending 7 days until the close of the 21st. The Feast of Unleavened Bread (Passover Meal) is the same day that 15 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from YHWH brought Israel out of Egypt, which was the 15th the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day there shall be a holy convocation, and on the seventh -Verse 18 states that in the evening, just before sundown or at of the 14th, till just day there shall be a holy convocation for you. No manner of work shall be done on them; but that which everyone must eat—that only may be before sundown on the 21st is the 7 day period of Unleavened Bread. prepared by you. 17 So you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this same day I will have brought your armies out of the land of -We know that Israel’s bread was unleavened because they had to rush it at the Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an everlasting ordinance. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of very end of the 14th day into the 15th day. As the sun fades out, from the 14th to the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19 For seven days no leaven shall be found the 15th, Unleavened Bread begins. in your houses, since whoever eats what is leavened, that same person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a - If Yeshua is the Passover Lamb then the “Last Supper” could not have been a native of the land. 20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’” Biblical Passover meal. Yeshua c ouldnot e at the Passover and be the Passover.

Test 4 – Exodus 12:21,27 -The lamb is referred to as “the Passover” (lamb is not even in the text) -The sacrifice is also referred to as “the Passover” 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Pick out and take lambs for yourselves according to your families, and kill the -Both of these occur on the evening of the 14th, just before sundown. Passover lamb. -Technically, that also means that when the sacrifice is eaten when the sun goes down on the 14th going into the 15th, the meal could then be called “the Passover” 27 It is the Passover sacrifice of the LORD, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and because that is what they are eating as defined in the above. delivered our households.’” That being said, depending on the context, the lamb, the sacrifice, or the meal, the 14th and the 15th can be referred to as the Passover. In addition, on the 15th, the actual “act” of the “Pass Over” occurred when the angel “Passed Over” Israel. This might be why the term “Passover” seems to be used to refer to either one of these days in the NT, as either the 14th, 15th or both.

Test 6 – Exodus 12:29-30 In the middle of the night on the 15th, the plague on Egypt firstborn struck, and passed over Israel.

29 And it came to pass at midnight that the LORD struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne The Passover meal started on the 14th and extended into the 15th when death to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. 30 So Pharaoh rose in the night, he, all his servants, and all “passed over” those protected by the blood of the lamb. The Last Supper was on the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead. the evening of the 13th

Test 5 – Exodus 12:31-34,39 -On the night of the 15th, Israel was issued the command to leave Egypt. All of their dough was unleavened because they left so quickly. This became 31 Then he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise, go out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel. And go, serve unleavened cakes on the 15th. the LORD as you have said. 32 Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also.” 33 And the Egyptians -This also suggests that the very end of the 14th going into the first full day of the urged the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34 So the people took their dough before 15th began the 7 days of unleavened bread and lasted until the end of the 21st. it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. -The bread Yeshua ate at the Last Supper was “artos” which is the Greek word 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because they were driven out of used consistently in the LXX and NT for leavened bread. The Biblical Passover Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves. Meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread) required unleavened bread. Eating leavened bread would be breaking a commandment and thus considered sin. Yeshua did not sin. Scripture Analysis/Test Alt 1 Alt 2 -The day that we are to remember in which we left Egypt is the 15th. Directly Pass Fail Test 6 – Exodus 13:3,6 attached to this date is the commandment to not eat leavened bread as the start of ? a 7 day period to not eat leavened bread. No mention of the day of the 14th is in “Remember this day in which you went out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out of this place. the text, but noted absent. Immediately following the command is a commandment No leavened bread shall be eaten. to extend the eating of only unleavened bread for 7 days, strongly implying that the start of the 7 days is on the 15th and/or at the very end of the 14th when the sun 6 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD. 7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven sets. Either way, we are talking about a span of less than an hour and is a matter days. And no leavened bread shall be seen among you, nor shall leaven be seen among you in all your quarters. of debate as to the exact minute as it relates to the sun setting, dusk, between the 14th and the 15th. - The evening of the 13th going into the 14th, which was the time of the “Last Supper” could not have been a Biblical Passover Meal.

The day after the weekly Sabbath is the day of First Fruits. This would have been Test 7 – Leviticus 23:9-12 on the 18th.

Y’shua was our “First Fruits” and had to rise at the onset of this day. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land which I give to you, and reap its harvest, then you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest. 11 He shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted on your behalf; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it. 12 And you shall offer on that day, when you wave the sheaf, a male lamb of the first year, without blemish, as a burnt offering to the LORD.

Test 8 –Numbers 9:2-4 According to Exodus 12, the process of what Scripture defines as labeling “the Passover” begins with the sacrificing of “the Passover” (lamb) on the 14th

“Let the children of Israel keep the Passover at its appointed time. 3 On the fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, you shall keep it at its We also know that the “Passover” meal is eaten just as the sun goes down on the appointed time. According to all its rites and ceremonies you shall keep it.” 4 So Moses told the children of Israel that they should keep the 14th, in which the majority or all of the meal is at the start of the 15th. Passover. 5 And they kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month, at twilight, in the Wilderness of Sinai; according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did. This would mean that the “Last Supper” on the evening of the 13th/14th would have failed to be a Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread)

Several things are clearly stated here. On the 14th day “the Passover” begins, Test 9 – Numbers 28:16-18, 25 which we know is the “Passover” sacrifice of the “Passover” lamb around 3pm on the 14th.

16 ‘On the fourteenth day of the first month is the Passover of the LORD. 17 And on the fifteenth day of this month is the feast; unleavened bread The meal (feast) is eaten on the 15th, just as the sun goes down on the 14th. shall be eaten for seven days. 18 On the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work. Again, scripture makes mention of the 7 day period in direct relation to the 15th day. The first day of the 7 days is on the 15th. The last day would be on the 21st ending nd 25 And on the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work. just as the sun went down, beginning the 22 .

This would mean that the “Last Supper” on the evening of the 13th/14th would have failed to be a Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread)

Test 10 – Matthew 12: 39:40 Y’shua must be in the tomb for 3 days and 3 nights.

Concept of Good Friday destroyed right here.

39 But He answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of the In John 11:9 Y’shua declares that there are twelve hours that define a day. Using prophet Jonah. 40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights His definition of a day requires 36 hours of daylight (and conversely, 36 hours of in the heart of the earth. night) to Biblically satisfy the 3 day and 3 night prophecy.

-The day after Y’shua died, the Pharisees received permission to place guards at Test 11 – Matthew 27:62-64 the tomb. The Pharisees were concerned about deception, so they would have done this as soon as possible, perhaps as soon as the sun went down. In that case, it then would be the next day, the 15th 62 On the next day, which followed the Day of Preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees gathered together to Pilate, 63 saying, “Sir, we -The guards would have been put into place nearly the same time Y’shua was remember, while He was still alive, how that deceiver said, ‘After three days I will rise.’ 64 Therefore command that the tomb be made secure until placed in the tomb on the 15th. the third day, lest His disciples come by night and steal Him away, and say to the people, ‘He has risen from the dead.’ So the last deception will be -Note that John references the 14th as the “ Day of Preparation” worse than the first.” This makes sense since the 14th is mostly a day about preparing for the Passover Feast that happens at sundown going into the 15th. Thus, the “Last Supper” occurred at the beginning of the “Day of Preparation.” (13th/14th) Scripture Analysis Alt 1 Alt 2 Test 12 – Mark 15:25, 33, 34 Y’shua died at 3pm on the 14th. This is exactly the same time that the Passover Pass Fail Lamb would be sacrificed/slain. ? 25 Now it was the third hour, and they crucified Him. 26 And the inscription of His accusation was written above:

33 Now when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?”

-Verse 1 establishes the time frame as 6 days before the Passover. This could be Test 13 – John 12:1-2, 12-15 referring to “the Passover” sacrifice at 3pm on the 14th, or the “Passover” meal at th th 1 Then, six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was who had been dead, whom He had raised from the dead. 2 There the end 14 /start 15 . th th they made Him a supper; and Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with Him. -6 Days prior to the 15 would be the 9 . Here is states that they made him a supper, implying that the sun just went down, which would then be in fact -exactly 6 days prior to the Passover meal at the start of the 15th. 12 a great multitude that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13 took branches of palm trees th The next day Verse 12 then states that the next day (the 10 ) Y’shua arrived in Jerusalem. This and went out to meet Him, and cried out: would be according to the commandment that the lamb was to be identified and “ Hosanna! th tested for 4 days, starting on the 10 . Y’shua is fulfilling that role perfectly, as well ‘ Blessed is He who comes in the name of the LORD!’The King of Israel!” 14 Then Jesus, when He had found a young donkey, sat on it; as it is as the prophecy that He would ride in on a donkey. This would also mean that the written: 5 “ Fear not, daughter of Zion; behold, your King is coming, Sitting on a donkey’s colt.” “Last Supper” could not have been a Biblical Passover meal.

th th Test 14 –John 13:1-2 The Last Supper was as the 13 ended and the 14 began, as the sun went down.

Verse one establishes that the Last Supper ended before the Feast of the 1 Now before the Feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that His hour had come that He should depart from this world to the Father, having loved Passover. Exodus 12 establishes that the lamb is called the Passover and that it is His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end.2 And supper being ended, the devil having already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot, eaten on the 15th as the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Simon’s son, to betray Him, This verse concludes that John knew that the Last Supper was not the Passover Feast, that includes the unleavened bread, lamb, and bitter herbs.

Verse 29 clearly establishes that those in attendance of the Last Supper clearly Test 15 – John 13:27-28 knew that the Last Supper was not the Passover Feast. They clearly believed that they were still in the state of preparing for the feast, the evidence provided by their speculation surrounding the leaving of Judas. Therefore it was just that, a last Then Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.” 28 But no one at the table knew for what reason He said this to him. 29 For some thought, supper, which explains the lack of lamb, bitter herb, etc. as well as Paul not because Judas had the money box, that Jesus had said to him, “Buy those things we need for the feast,” or that he should give something to mentioning the Last Supper to be a Passover Seder. the poor. In addition, they all speculated that perhaps Judas was leaving to “purchase” things for the feast, providing evidence that all in attendance of the Last Supper also knew it was currently not a Sabbath in which there is no buying or selling.

Test 16 – Mark 14:12, 14-16 (& Matthew 26-17-19) -The Greek “protos” can also be translated as “before” -In doing so, Mark and Matthew can be rendered “Before the day of the feast of 12On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus' disciples asked him, "Where do Unleavened Bread” you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover?" -This makes much more sense when examined against the Passover event and Passover instructions. The Passover lamb was not eaten on the same -day as the 14Say to the owner of the house he enters, 'The Teacher asks: Where is my guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?' 15He will Passover was slain. show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there." -Now it also agrees with John 13:1-2 and Torah, instead of conflicts -Therefore, as soon as the sun went down on the 13th and became the 14th, Y’shua instructed His disciples to prepare the room for the Passover meal. 16The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover. This means that the Last Supper was still part of the “Preparation Days”

John clearly states that the day Y’shua died was a preparation day for the Test 17 – John 19:14 Passover Feast, or Feast of Unleavened Bread.

This would mean that the “Last Supper” on the evening of the 13th/14th would have 14 Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, “Behold your King!” failed to be a Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread) Scripture Analysis Alt 1 Alt 2 Y’shua sent the disciples to prepare a room that they MAY eat the Passover. This Test 18 – Luke 22:8-13 is at the end of the 13th and the start of the 14th, the same day that the lamb is to be Pass Fail ? 8 And He sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.” 9 So they said to Him, “Where do You want us to slain. This would place the timing nearly exactly 24 hours before the Feast of prepare?” 10 And He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him into the Unleavened Bread. By preparing the Passover, they would have extracted all leaven from the room after dinner so it would be fully ready by the end of the 14th, house which he enters. 11 Then you shall say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the th Passover with My disciples?”’ 12 Then he will show you a large, furnished upper room; there make ready.” 13 So they went and found it just as He entering into the 15 . had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.

Likely a figure of speech called an Hebraism, commonly used throughout the Tanakh in Test 19 – Luke 22:14-16 Hebrew, and in Aramaic texts. 14 When the hour had come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him. 15 Then He said to them, “With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer; 16 for I say to you, I will no longer eat of it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” in the Greek manuscript -- "epithumia epethumhsa"

Other scholars have noted the usage here of a polyptoton or figure of speech, where the same root word is used with different inflections or forms. The word epethumhsa (h is long "a" sound) is in the Greek aorist tense which indicates a one-time action in the past. It should be r endered, " at one time in the past I strongly desired to eat this (coming) Passover with you before I suffer." As He prayed in the garden of Gethsemane, "...if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me....", He strongly desired to eat the Passover meal with His disciples, but knew that He was the Passover Lamb and would suffer and die before the meal was eaten on the following evening. The usage of an Hebraism here indicates that either Luke translated from the Peshitta original text, or that the words were spoken in Aramaic/Hebrew (if the Greek is the original text), and Luke rendered the Hebraism in Greek as best as possible.

in the Peshitta Aramaic manuscript -- " rigta ragtani"

Dr. George M. Lamsa in his translation of the Peshitta Aramaic has it as "I have desired with desire". It is past tense and used in the same manner as the Hebrew equivalent below.

in the Hebrew equivalent of the Peshitta -- " niksof niksafti"

The Hebraism is in the Nifal root stem and is a Nifal infinitive absolute followed by a Nifal 1cs perfect (I) of the root word "kasaf". In Genesis 31:30, a very similar use of this Hebraism is used, "niksof niksaftah" except that the second word is in Nifal 2ms perfect (you). The Genesis 31:30 usage is the interchange between Jacob and Laban near Mount Gilead when Jacob had left Laban with his wives and children (Rachel had stolen her father's idols too). The Hebraism in Genesis 31:30 is "you longed greatly," in intensive past tense. Expanding the Hebr aism in Luke 22:15, it means " I had (in the past) strongly desired, or, I had (in the past) longed greatly" . Literally, it is "Desire, I had desired.

-This means that the “Law Supper” was not a Passover meal, but simply a standard Hebraic dinner.

th th Test 20 – John 19:31, 42 The day Y’shua died (14 ) was called a preparation day. The 15 was considered a Sabbath. John declared that the day after Y'shua's death was indeed a High 31 Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), Sabbath day. the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

42 So there they laid Jesus, because of the Jews’ Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby.

Mary arrived on the first day of the week, immediately following the Sabbath. They were Test 21 – John 20:1, Matthew 28:1, Mark 16:1-4, Luke 24:1-3 going to finish preparing Y’shua’s body and wanted to be there at first light. They got there at dark. The debated on how they were going to move the stone. The stone was rolled away 1 Now the first day of the week Mary Magdalene went to the tomb early, while it was still dark, and saw that the stone had been taken away from after a big earthquake. When it was light they noticed that the stone had been moved. the tomb. (John) 1 Now after the Sabbath, as the first day of the week began to dawn, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary came to see the tomb. (Matt) All being said, Y’shua had clearly already risen. 1 Now when the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, that they might come and anoint Him. 2 Very early in the morning, on the first day of the week, they came to the tomb when the sun had risen. 3 And they said among themselves, “Who will roll away the stone from the door of the tomb for us?” 4 But when they looked up, they saw that the stone had been rolled away—for it was very large. (Mark) 1 Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. 2 But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. 3 Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus (Luke) Scripture Analysis Alt 1 Alt 2 Y’shua was our first fruits and therefore He rose at the very start of First Fruits Test 22 – 1 Corinthians 15:20 Pass Fail ? 20 But now Christ is risen from the dead, and has become the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.

Y’shua is our Passover Lamb and was therefore sacrificed exactly when the Test 23 – 1 Corinthians 5:6-8 Passover Lamb was to be sacrificed, about 3pm on the 14th. 6 Your glorying is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Therefore purge out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, since you truly are unleavened. For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us. 8 Therefore let us keep the feast, In The Wars of the Jews, Josephus records that in the 1st century, the Passover lambs not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. were slaughtered "from the ninth hour till the eleventh" (Wars 6.9.3), which corresponds to our 3:00-5:00 p.m.

If Yeshua is the Passover Lamb then the “Last Supper” could not have been a Biblical Passover meal (Feast of Unleavened Bread). Yeshua could not eat of the Passover and be the Passover at the same time.

They lumped in prep day as part of the days of UB as many still do today. Luke Test 24 – Luke 22:7 states in verse 1 “it was called” not perhaps by scripture, but by custom

7 Then came the Day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover must be killed. 2 Points:

1. The word “came” + “day”

CAME: Is used only in the present and imperfect tense and should be seen as “to come or go,” “appear” or even better “to enter” as in “to enter into”

DAY: Is used to include the extremities of both parts and is inclusive of a “general time” more clearly defined by the immediate context.

So when the two of these are placed back to back we see

“They were ENTERING INTO the day of UB when the Passover must be killed.” This of course, in perfect accord with the torah keeping in mind that the whole feast was lumped together including the 14th though according to torah it is separate.

On another note of similar confusion…Shemini Atzeret (the last great day) is often lumped in with Sukkot as part of and 8th day of Sukkot, though it is not. Was the “Last Supper” A Passover Meal?