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'Sabará' Jabuticaba Genotypes Cultivated in Nutrient

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'Sabará' Jabuticaba Genotypes Cultivated in Nutrient 1167 Bioscience Journal Original Article GROWTH AND MACRONUTRIENT ABSORPTION IN ‘SABARÁ’ JABUTICABA GENOTYPES CULTIVATED IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION CRESCIMENTO E MARCHA DE ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM GENÓTIPOS DE JABUTICABEIRA ‘SABARÁ’ CULTIVADOS EM SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA Martha Cristina Pereira RAMOS1; José Carlos Moraes RUFINI2; Adriano Gonçalves de CAMPOS1; Matheus Pena CAMPOS1; Mayara Neves Santos GUEDES3; 1 Janaina Canaan Rezende de SOUZA 1. Mestre em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Departamento de Agronomia, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil. [email protected]. 2. Professor associado, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Departamento de Agronomia, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil. 3. Bolsista PNPD/CAPES, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Departamento de Agronomia, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil. ABSTRACT: The knowledge about growth and nutrient accumulation can help improve fertilizer efficiency in the production of jabuticaba seedlings, which is still carried out in an empirical way. This study aimed at determining the growth and macronutrient uptake in ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in split plots, with four replications. In the main plots three jabuticaba genotypes (J001, J005 and J012) were cultivated in nutrient solution and six evaluation periods (at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days) in the sub-plots were evaluated. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, leaf area index and dry matter (root, stem and leaves) in each period were evaluated. The accumulation of macronutrients in different plant organs was determined, as well as the accumulation of nutrients as a function of time adjusted to the linear model. The results showed that the cultivation in nutrient solution was efficient in the production of Sabará jabuticabeira seedlings. There was no difference in macronutrient growth and absorption among jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba plants accumulated (in mg plant-1) 559 of N, 45 of P, 443 of K, 363 of Ca, 59 of Mg and 82 of S. The distribution of macronutrient accumulations in jabuticaba showed the following order: leaves > stem > roots. KEYWORDS: Myrciaria jabuticaba. Mineral nutrition. Nutrient accumulation. Nutritional requirement. INTRODUCTION et al., 2013). Currently, the management of mineral nutrition in the formation of jabuticaba seedlings is Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba (Vell) carried out empirically by nurserymen, due to the Berg) is a fruit species native to Brazil, belonging to lack of knowledge regarding the nutritional aspects the Myrtaceae family. The lack of knowledge about of this culture. An alternative would be the production results in the low use of jabuticaba, cultivation in nutrient solutions, once it is an which contributes to its genetic erosion (WAGNER unpublished practice, little used in the production of JÚNIOR et al., 2017). However, it is a fruit that has fruit tree seedlings. high potential for food use. Nutrient uptake dynamics in the plant and The fruits have functional properties, due to the accumulation of nutrients in the different organs their high contents of phenolic compounds and allow to evaluate the growth of the whole plant and flavonoids (GUEDES et al., 2014), which has the contribution of the different organs to the total aroused interest in the expansion of new orchards. growth (BENINCASA, 2003). In addition, for However, the expansion of jabuticaba cultivation adequate nutrition, it is necessary to know the requires the availability of genetic material that has amount, ratio and the accumulation of nutrients in characteristics of economic interest for its the dry matter over time. Nutritional imbalance can propagation. cause damage to the plants, resulting in delayed Mineral nutrition is an ally for the development and possible morphological and production of quality seedlings, besides being a physiological changes (FRANCO et al., 2007). fundamental factor to reach homogeneity, with rapid The nutrient uptake rate is an important development and precocity (ALEXANDRE BESSA reference for nutrient supply in adequate amounts to Received: 08/04/19 Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 4, p. 1167-1174, July/Aug. 2020 Accepted: 20/12/19 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n4a2020-47819 1168 Growth and macronutrient… RAMOS, M. C. P. et al. the plants, during several stages of their The nutrient solution was pumped through a development (GURGEL et al., 2010). In this motor-pump assembly, traversing the vessel context, several studies on mineral nutrition were sequence, and distributed via drippers at an average conducted with fruits such as star fruit (FREITAS et flow rate of 0.43 L min-1, with irrigations of 10 min al., 2011; ROZANE et al., 2011a), guava (FRANCO every hour throughout the day. The nutrient solution et al., 2007; FRANCO et al., 2008), citrus (SOUZA was renewed every two weeks. et al., 2013), pear (SOUZA et al., 2015) and peach The pH of the solution was monitored daily (SOUZA et al., 2011). with a portable pH meter and adjusted to 5.5 ± 0.5 The adequate mineral nutrition of jabuticaba with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH or HCl solution, and kept seedlings can contribute to the maximum expression constant throughout the experiment; the electrical of the genetic potential, as well as to the obtention conductivity of the solution was monitored and of healthy and vigorous plants, capable of maintained with a value lower than 2.4 dS m-1, as suggesting the selection and adaptation of genotypes indicated for myrtaceae, according to (TÁVORA et to different soil conditions. Therefore, the objective al., 2001). of this study was to determine the growth and Every 60 days were evaluated: plant height progression of macronutrient uptake in the initial (cm), from the plant collar to the end of the last growth of ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba genotypes cultivated expanded leaf; root length (cm), both analyzed with in nutrient solution. the aid of a graduated ruler; stem diameter (cm), evaluated at 5 cm from the plant collar with the aid MATERIAL AND METHODS of a digital caliper; leaf area (cm2), by the length x width method, according to LIMA et al. (2012). The The experiment was conducted in a fresh plants were sectioned into roots, stems and greenhouse located at latitude 19º28’S, longitude leaves and placed in paper bags and dried in a 44º11’W and 800 m altitude, at Universidade forced-air oven for dry matter quantification and Federal de São João del-Rei – CSL. subsequent determination of macronutrient The experiment was carried out a concentrations in the plant tissue. Dickson quality completely randomized design in sub-plots in the index (DQI) was also determined (DICKSON et al., time, with four replications. In the main plots three 1960), using the equation DQI = jabuticaba genotypes (J001, J005 and J012) were DMT/(RAD+RPAR), where DMT is the total dry cultivated in nutrient solution and six evaluation matter (roots, stems and leaves), RPAR is the ratio periods (at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days after shoot dry matter/root dry matter (SDM/RDM) and transplanting - DAT) in the sub-plots were RAD is the ratio plant height/stem diameter. evaluated, and each experimental unit was For the determination of mineral contents, composed of four plants. nitroperchloric digestion was used; the contents of P Seeds collected ex situ from ‘Sabará’ and S were evaluated by colorimetry; K, by flame mother plants in Prudente de Moraes (MG). The emission photometry; Ca and Mg, by atomic selected seedlings with 15 cm height at six months absorption spectrophotometry; total N, by the of age were used. The seedlings were transplanted Kjeldahl method (SILVA, 1999;MALAVOLTA et to 11-L virgin polypropylene pots, using perlite as a al., 1997). Using the concentration of nutrients and substrate, with four seedlings per pot, equidistant, of the dry matter, the accumulation of nutrients in each positioned in one quadrant. The seedlings were the different plant organs was calculated, obtained kept for 15 days in complete nutrient solution, by the product between nutrient content and the dry diluted to 25% of the usual concentration matter corresponding to each part of the plant and (CASTELLANE; ARAÚJO, 1995) for adaptation. evaluated period. After 15 days of transplanting, the plants were Analyses of variance (F test) were submitted to the complete nutrient solution until performed for the evaluated parameters. The means reaching 360 days after transplanting. obtained as a function of the jabuticaba genotypes The nutrient solution, kept in a 450-L tank, were compared by the Tukey-test at 0.05 probability had the following concentrations of nutrients, in mg level, whereas means relative to evaluation periods L-1: N = 222.5; P = 61.9; K = 426.2; Ca = 139.9; Mg of the plants were evaluated by regression analysis. = 24.3; S = 32.4 and, in µg L-1 for B = 498; Cu = 48; For the statistical analysis, the R software (data Fe = 5000; Mn = 419; Mo = 52; Zn = 261, package ExpDes) FERREIRA et al. (2013) was according to CASTELLANE AND ARAÚJO used. (1995). Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 4, p. 1167-1174, July/Aug. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n4a2020-47819 1169 Growth and macronutrient… RAMOS, M. C. P. et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION differences were found between jabuticaba genotypes (Table 1 and 2). For the variables root length, stem diameter, leaf dry matter and leaf area, no significant Table 1. Plant height (cm) (PH), root length (cm) (RL), stem diameter (cm) (SD), Dickson quality index (DQI), and leaf area (cm²) (LA) obtained for the three ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba genotypes. Genotype PH RL SD DQI LA J001 41.68 a 36.27 a 49.9 a 2.77 a 214.60a J005 37.84 b 35.36 a 50.0 a 2.57 a 177.52 a J012 37.81 b 33.99 a 46.8 a 2.10 b 181.97 a CV 13.91 13.31 10.24 22.94 45.70 MEAN 39.11 35.21 48.9 2.48 191.36 Values followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test at 5%.
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