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Scientific Opinion SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 8 July 2021 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6803 Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappala, Quirico Migheli, Irene Vloutoglou, Caterina Campese, Andrea Maiorano, Franz Streissl and Philippe Lucien Reignault Abstract The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola Prihast., a well-defined polyphagous fungus of the C. gloeosporioides complex which has been reported from all the five continents to cause anthracnose, bitter rot and leaf spotting diseases on over 90 cultivated and non-cultivated woody or herbaceous plant species. The pathogen is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Because of the very wide host range, this pest categorisation focused on Camellia sinensis, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata, Fragaria 9 ananassa, Malus domestica, M. pumila, Persea americana, Prunus persica, Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri for which there was robust evidence that C. fructicola was formally identified by morphology and multilocus gene sequencing analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. There are no reports of interceptions of C. fructicola in the EU. The pathogen has been reported from Italy and France. The host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Economic impact on the production of the main hosts is expected if establishment occurs. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the re-introduction of the pathogen into the EU. Although the pathogen is present in the EU, there is a high uncertainty on its actual distribution in the territory because of the re-evaluation of Colletotrichum taxonomy and the lack of systematic surveys. Therefore, the Panel cannot conclude with certainty on whether C. fructicola satisfies the criterium of being present but not widely distributed in the EU to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest unless systematic surveys for C. fructicola are conducted and Colletotrichum isolates from the EU in culture collections are re-evaluated. © 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. Keywords: Anthracnose, bitter rot, Glomerella leaf spot, pest risk, plant health, plant pest Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2021-00322 Correspondence: [email protected] www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal EFSA Journal 2021;19(8):6803 Colletotrichum fructicola: Pest categorisation Panel members: Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Philippe L Reignault, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent, Jonathan Yuen and Lucia Zappala. Declarations of interest: The declarations of interest of all scientific experts active in EFSA’s work are available at https://ess.efsa.europa.eu/doi/doiweb/doisearch. Suggested citation: EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health), Bragard C, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M-A, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H-H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, ZappalaL, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F and Reignault PL, 2021. Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola. EFSA Journal 2021;19(8):6803, 41 pp. https:// doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6803 ISSN: 1831-4732 © 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Reproduction of the images listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder: Figure 1: © British Mycological society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, a European agency funded by the European Union. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2021;19(8):6803 Colletotrichum fructicola: Pest categorisation Table of contents Abstract................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................4 1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor.................................................. 4 1.1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................4 1.1.2. Terms of Reference ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference....................................................................................... 4 2. Data and methodologies .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Data........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Literature search ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Database search ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Methodologies............................................................................................................................. 5 3. Pest categorisation ...................................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Identity and biology of the pest.................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Identity and taxonomy................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2. Biology of the pest ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3. Host range.................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1.4. Intraspecific diversity................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.5. Detection and identification of the pest......................................................................................... 10 3.2. Pest distribution .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. Pest distribution outside the EU.................................................................................................... 10 3.2.2. Pest distribution in the EU............................................................................................................ 11 3.3. Regulatory status ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.3.1. Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072 .......................................................................... 11 3.3.2. Hosts of Colletotrichum fructicola that are prohibited from entering the Union from third countries ... 12 3.4. Entry, establishment and spread in the EU .................................................................................... 13 3.4.1. Entry .......................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4.2. Establishment ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.4.2.1. EU distribution of main host plants ............................................................................................... 15 3.4.2.2. Climatic conditions affecting establishment.................................................................................... 15 3.4.3. Spread ....................................................................................................................................... 16 3.5. Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... 17 3.6. Available measures and/or potential specific import requirements and limits of mitigation measures .. 17 3.6.1. Identification of potential additional measures ..............................................................................
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