Killing and Being Killed: Bodies in Battle
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9781501756030 Revised Cover 3.30.21.Pdf
, , Edited by Christine D. Worobec For a list of books in the series, visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. From Victory to Peace Russian Diplomacy aer Napoleon • Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer Copyright © by Cornell University e text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives . International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/./. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, East State Street, Ithaca, New York . Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published by Cornell University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wirtschaer, Elise Kimerling, author. Title: From victory to peace: Russian diplomacy aer Napoleon / by Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer. Description: Ithaca [New York]: Northern Illinois University Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, . | Series: NIU series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identiers: LCCN (print) | LCCN (ebook) | ISBN (paperback) | ISBN (pdf) | ISBN (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Russia—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—History— Alexander I, –. | Europe—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—Foreign relations—Europe. | Europe—Foreign relations—Russia. Classication: LCC DK.W (print) | LCC DK (ebook) | DDC ./—dc LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ Cover image adapted by Valerie Wirtschaer. is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses. -
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Robert Fredona Working Paper 18-021 Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Harvard Business School Robert Fredona Harvard Business School Working Paper 18-021 Copyright © 2017 by Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona ABSTRACT: N.S.B. Gras, the father of Business History in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier “traveling merchant,” who accompanied his own goods to trade fairs. Taking this concept as its point of departure, this essay focuses on the predominantly Italian merchants who controlled the long‐distance East‐West trade of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Until the opening of the Atlantic trade, the Mediterranean was Europe’s most important commercial zone and its trade enriched European civilization and its merchants developed the most important premodern mercantile innovations, from maritime insurance contracts and partnership agreements to the bill of exchange and double‐entry bookkeeping. Emerging from literate and numerate cultures, these merchants left behind an abundance of records that allows us to understand how their companies, especially the largest of them, were organized and managed. -
The Memoirs of General the Baron De Marbot in 2 Volumes
The Memoirs of General the Baron de Marbot in 2 Volumes by the Baron de Marbot THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT. Table of Contents THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT......................................1 Volume I....................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................2 Chap. 1................................................................6 Chap. 2...............................................................11 Chap. 3...............................................................17 Chap. 4...............................................................24 Chap. 5...............................................................31 Chap. 6...............................................................39 Chap. 7...............................................................41 Chap. 8...............................................................54 Chap. 9...............................................................67 Chap. 10..............................................................75 Chap. 11..............................................................85 Chap. 12..............................................................96 Chap. 13.............................................................102 Chap. 14.............................................................109 Chap. 15.............................................................112 Chap. 16.............................................................122 Chap. 17.............................................................132 -
Everyday Life: the Middle Ages
Everyday Life: The Middle Ages Medieval Towns icture yourself and a friend walking happily down a street in a town of medieval times. Together you are discussing plans for the evening, and P neither of you has any idea of the catastrophe that is about to unfold. As you round a corner, you hear a shrill voice coming from the window of a house six stories above the street. The voice belongs to a lady issuing a warning that roughly translates into “look out below!” Before you can take evasive action, you are suddenly drenched with a bucket of gooey garbage. Your nose tells you it is a mixture of black pudding, beans, and the remains of eels the family on the sixth floor had for dinner. Do you angrily make your way up to the room from whence came the garbage and express your displeasure? Do you threaten to punch the lady’s husband in the nose? Of course not. You brush yourself off as best you can and go on your way. If anyone is to be scolded, it is you for not having jumped out of the way quickly enough. Garbage (and worse) being thrown into the street was a common practice in medieval towns. Even birth and rank held no privilege when it came to being hit with something unpleasant. No less a person than King Louis IX of France was himself doused with the contents of a chamber pot while strolling along a Paris street one fine day. In the absence of any kind of sanitation service, people did the natural thing and tossed their waste wherever it might fall. -
Master Narrative Ours Is the Epic Story of the Royal Navy, Its Impact on Britain and the World from Its Origins in 625 A.D
NMRN Master Narrative Ours is the epic story of the Royal Navy, its impact on Britain and the world from its origins in 625 A.D. to the present day. We will tell this emotionally-coloured and nuanced story, one of triumph and achievement as well as failure and muddle, through four key themes:- People. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s people. We examine the qualities that distinguish people serving at sea: courage, loyalty and sacrifice but also incidents of ignorance, cruelty and cowardice. We trace the changes from the amateur ‘soldiers at sea’, through the professionalization of officers and then ships’ companies, onto the ‘citizen sailors’ who fought the World Wars and finally to today’s small, elite force of men and women. We highlight the change as people are rewarded in war with personal profit and prize money but then dispensed with in peace, to the different kind of recognition given to salaried public servants. Increasingly the people’s story becomes one of highly trained specialists, often serving in branches with strong corporate identities: the Royal Marines, the Submarine Service and the Fleet Air Arm. We will examine these identities and the Royal Navy’s unique camaraderie, characterised by simultaneous loyalties to ship, trade, branch, service and comrades. Purpose. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s roles in the past, and explain its purpose today. Using examples of what the service did and continues to do, we show how for centuries it was the pre-eminent agent of first the British Crown and then of state policy throughout the world. -
Inside US Trade Arlington, Virgina 14 October 2016
U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, Inc. New York, New York Telephone (917) 453-6726 • E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cubatrade.org • Twitter: @CubaCouncil Facebook: www.facebook.com/uscubatradeandeconomiccouncil LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/u-s--cuba-trade-and-economic-council-inc- Inside US Trade Arlington, Virgina 14 October 2016 Business Left Wanting More From New Batch Of Cuba Regulatory Changes Representatives of the business community’s interests in Cuba and other observers are disappointed in new Commerce and Treasury department regulatory moves designed to facilitate trade between the U.S. and Cuba, claiming that the Obama administration is not tackling the most important issues. John Kavulich, senior policy adviser [corrected president] at the U.S.-Cuba Trade & Economic Council, told Inside U.S. Trade that despite constant pressure from the business community, the Obama Administration, in these regulatory changes, did not make meaningful progress on several key business priorities. During an Oct. 14 conference call on the regulatory changes, a senior administration official said “we're mindful of the clock. And this is certainly likely the last significant tranche of changes. But there are always additional refinements that we can do to our policies, as my Treasury and Commerce colleagues know well." For Kavulich, that is something that “is not what the United States business community wants to hear.” Similarly, attorney and Cuba analyst Robert Muse describes the latest regulatory changes as short of what was expected and lacking significance overall. The business community’s top four priorities, according to Kavulich, are: expanding imports of Cuban agriculture products; substantive options to expand U.S. -
El Debate 19290926.Pdf
EJC TIEMPO (S. Meteorológico O.).—Probable para la PRECIOS DE SUSCRIPCIÓN mañaíia de hoy: Toda España, buen tiempo. Tempe '^iSS^. ratura máxima del martes, 32 en Cáoeres; mínima, 2,50 pesetas al mes 6 en Zamora. En Madrid: máxima de ayer, 25,5; mí PROVINCIAS ...., 9,00 ptas. trimestrs nima, á,4. (Véase en quinta plana el Boletín Meteoro PAGO ADELANTADO FRANQUEO CONCERTADO lógico.) Apartado 466.—Red. y Admén., COLEGIATA, 7. Teléfonos 71500, 71501, 71509 y 73803. IfflADKID.—Año XIX.—Núm. 6.303 Jueves 26 de septiembre de 19S9 CINCO EDICIONES DIARIAS UNAS "NOTAS" PMKf"Dimit e el Gobierno LO DEL DÍA Termina la Asamblea EL GOiTRIiSLIiSTECSIIfl i austriaco Ante las maniobras de la S. de N. EXPLICLEUBJEJIfO Varios mítines recientes han puesto de actualidad »i segundo tomo de "Notas de una vida", publicado en el pasado verano por el conde de Romanones. El MULLER ENTRE LOS - Sin inconveniente de volver sobre el asunto de las maniobras navaJes, y de libro ofrece, en verdad, un fácil triunfo ;i los enemigos del antiguo régimen. •Parece que ha provocado !a caída Ayer mismo celebró su ' OE US IKHS SOCIALISTAS exponer en lugar preferente el juicio que Romanones ha venido a refrescar 'a memoria de algunas de las causas que la tirantez de relaciones en • • • ' • merece su importancia, creemos que el última sesión el Consejo hicieron inevitable la instauración de la Dictadura. tre las milicias civiles ambiente general creado por las intore- Pero seriamos injustos si quisiéramos tomar estos rasgos biográficos como CoDiináan las divergencias dentro . , ,, __ j santes y exactas informaciones de la ES APROBADA UNA MOCIÓN SO Baleares, kse de la segnrMaíi de Ja historia completa de la política española durante el primer decenio del si-1 Se anuncia para el día 29 una de-i prensa nos exige un breve comentario. -
The History of Scotland from the Accession of Alexander III. to The
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE GIFT OF MAY TREAT MORRISON IN MEMORY OF ALEXANDER F MORRISON THE A 1C MEMORIAL LIBRARY HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, ACCESSION OF ALEXANDEB III. TO THE UNION. BY PATRICK FRASER TYTLER, ** F.RS.E. AND F.A.S. NEW EDITION. IN TEN VOLUMES. VOL. X. EDINBURGH: WILLIAM P. NIMMO. 1866. MUEKAY AND OIBB, PUINTERS. EDI.VBUKOII V.IC INDE X. ABBOT of Unreason, vi. 64 ABELARD, ii. 291 ABERBROTHOC, i. 318, 321 ; ii. 205, 207, 230 Henry, Abbot of, i. 99, Abbots of, ii. 206 Abbey of, ii. 205. See ARBROATH ABERCORN. Edward I. of England proceeds to, i. 147 Castle of, taken by James II. iv. 102, 104. Mentioned, 105 ABERCROMBY, author of the Martial Achievements, noticed, i. 125 n.; iv. 278 David, Dean of Aberdeen, iv. 264 ABERDEEN. Edward I. of England passes through, i. 105. Noticed, 174. Part of Wallace's body sent to, 186. Mentioned, 208; ii. Ill, n. iii. 148 iv. 206, 233 234, 237, 238, 248, 295, 364 ; 64, ; 159, v. vi. vii. 267 ; 9, 25, 30, 174, 219, 241 ; 175, 263, 265, 266 ; 278, viii. 339 ; 12 n.; ix. 14, 25, 26, 39, 75, 146, 152, 153, 154, 167, 233-234 iii. Bishop of, noticed, 76 ; iv. 137, 178, 206, 261, 290 ; v. 115, n. n. vi. 145, 149, 153, 155, 156, 167, 204, 205 242 ; 207 Thomas, bishop of, iv. 130 Provost of, vii. 164 n. Burgesses of, hanged by order of Wallace, i. 127 Breviary of, v. 36 n. Castle of, taken by Bruce, i. -
The Art of War in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378-1515
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artofwarinmiddleOOomanuoft otl^xan: ^rt§e ^ssag 1884 THE ART OF WAR IN THE MIDDLE AGES PRINTED BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY THE ART OF WAR [N THE MIDDLE AGES A.D. 37^—15^5 BY C. W. C. OMAN, B.A. FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE WITH MAPS AND PLANS OXFORD B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 BROAD STREET LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN, 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1885 [^// rights reserved '\ O/M The Author desires to acknowledge much kind help received in the revision and correction of this Essay from the Rev. H. B. George, of New College, and Mr. F. York Powell, of Christ Church. 6/ 37 05 , — — CONTENTS. PAGE ' Introduction . i CHAPTER 1. The Transition from Roman to Medieval forms in War (a.d. 378-582). Disappearance of the Legion.—Constantine's reorgajiization. The German tribes . — Battle of Adrianople.—Theodosius accepts its teaching.—Vegetius and the army at the end of the fourth century. —The Goths and the Huns. Army of the Eastern Empire.— Cavalry all-important . 3— 14 CHAPTER n. The Early Middle Ages (a.d. 476-1066). Paucity of Data for the period.—The Franks in the sixth cen- tury.—Battle of Tours.—^Armies of Charles the Great. The Franks become horsemen.—The Northman and the Magyar.—Rise of Feudalism.—The Anglo-Saxons and their wars.—The Danes and the Fyrd.—Military importance of the Thegnhood.—The House-Carles.—Battle of Hastings . Battle of Durazzo 15 — 27 W — VI CONTENTS. -
The Baltic Sea Region the Baltic Sea Region
TTHEHE BBALALTTICIC SSEAEA RREGIONEGION Cultures,Cultures, Politics,Politics, SocietiesSocieties EditorEditor WitoldWitold MaciejewskiMaciejewski A Baltic University Publication A chronology of the history 7 of the Baltic Sea region Kristian Gerner 800-1250 Vikings; Early state formation and Christianization 800s-1000s Nordic Vikings dominate the Baltic Region 919-1024 The Saxon German Empire 966 Poland becomes Christianized under Mieszko I 988 Kiev Rus adopts Christianity 990s-1000s Denmark Christianized 999 The oldest record on existence of Gdańsk Cities and towns During the Middle Ages cities were small but they grew in number between 1200-1400 with increased trade, often in close proximity to feudal lords and bishops. Lübeck had some 20,000 inhabitants in the 14th and 15th centuries. In many cities around the Baltic Sea, German merchants became very influential. In Swedish cities tensions between Germans and Swedes were common. 1000s Sweden Christianized 1000s-1100s Finland Christianized. Swedish domination established 1025 Boleslaw I crowned King of Poland 1103-1104 A Nordic archbishopric founded in Lund 1143 Lübeck founded (rebuilt 1159 after a fire) 1150s-1220s Denmark dominates the Baltic Region 1161 Visby becomes a “free port” and develops into an important trade center 1100s Copenhagen founded (town charter 1254) 1100s-1200s German movement to the East 1200s Livonia under domination of the Teutonic Order 1200s Estonia and Livonia Christianized 1201 Riga founded by German bishop Albert 1219 Reval/Tallinn founded by Danes ca 1250 -
Stories from Scottish History Madaleng
j|i K^ miw^gi n QassT)A7U Book ^^ CATHERINE THRUST HER OWN ARM ACROSS THE DOOR i^-Mr STORIES FROM SCOTTISH HISTORY MADALENG. EDGAR. m %m > NEW YORK T. Y. CROWELL fi CO. PUBLISHERS Copyright, 1906, By THOMAS Y. CROWELL & COMPANY v-s Cf CONTENTS CHAP. IV Contents CHAP. PAGE XIX. James II and the Black Douglasses- (i) At Edinburgh Castle (2) At Thrieve Castle (3) At Stirling Castle (4) At Roxburgh Castle XX. A King's Fears . XXI. Cochran and Bell-the-Cat XXII. The Fatal Shrift XXIII. Stout Hearts XXIV. A Gallant King . XXV. The Strong Ship Lion . XXVI. Flodden Field XXVII. A Dash for Liberty XXVIII. John Armstrong , XXIX. The Goodman of Ballengiech XXX. WisHART and Beaton . XXXI. Queen Mary's Youth . XXXII. Kirk o' Field XXXIII. The Earl of Bothwell XXXIV. The Queen's Flight . XXXV. Troublous Times XXXVI. Queen Mary in Prison XXXVII. Fotheringay Castle XXXVIII. James VI and Kinmont Willie XXXIX. The Gowrie-House Mystery XL. The Union .... Chronological Table . Preface present a selection from Sir Walter ToScott's " Tales of a Grandfather " ap- pears at first sight to be taking an unpardonable Hberty with such an established favorite. The size of the storehouse, however, is apt to discourage search for the treasures within, and it is possible that many of the " Tales " may be en- joyed by children who yet could not make their way through the whole book. In the present volume, the stories are taken from the First Series, and, since space forbids a wider range, all lie between the rise of William Wallace and the Union of the crowns. -
Age of Chivalry
The Constraints Laws on Warfare in the Western World War Edited by Michael Howard, George J. Andreopoulos, and Mark R. Shulman Yale University Press New Haven and London Robert C . Stacey 3 The Age of Chivalry To those who lived during them, of course, the Middle Ages, as such, did not exist. If they lived in the middleof anything, most medieval people saw themselves as living between the Incarnation of God in Jesus and the end of time when He would come again; theirown age was thus a continuation of the era that began in the reign of Caesar Augustus with his decree that all the world should be taxed. The Age of Chivalry, however, some men of the time- mostly knights, the chevaliers, from whose name we derive the English word "chivalry"-would have recognized as an appropriate label for the years between roughly I 100 and 1500.Even the Age of Chivalry, however, began in Rome. In the chansons de geste and vernacular histories of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Hector, Alexander, Scipio, and Julius Caesar appear as the quintessential exemplars of ideal knighthood, while the late fourth or mid-fifth century Roman military writer Vcgetius remained far and away the most important single authority on the strategy and tactics of battle, his book On Military Matters (De re military passing in transla- tion as The Book of Chivalry from the thirteenth century on. The Middle Ages, then, began with Rome; and so must we if we are to study the laws of war as these developed during the Age of Chivalry.