DOCSLIB.ORG

Methods of Assessment of Magnesium Status in Humans: a Systematic Review Michal Witkowski, Jane Hubert, Andrzej Mazur

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Methods of Assessment of Magnesium Status in Humans: a Systematic Review Michal Witkowski, Jane Hubert, Andrzej Mazur Methods of assessment of magnesium status in humans: a systematic review Michal Witkowski, Jane Hubert, Andrzej Mazur To cite this version: Michal Witkowski, Jane Hubert, Andrzej Mazur. Methods of assessment of magnesium status in humans: a systematic review. Magnesium Research, John Libbey Eurotext, 2011, 24 (4), pp.163-180. 10.1684/mrh.2011.0292. hal-02647715 HAL Id: hal-02647715 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647715 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal Identification = MRH Article Identification = 0292 Date: January 4, 2012 Time: 10:26 am Magnesium Research 2011; 24 (4): 163-80 REVIEW ARTICLE Methods of assessment of magnesium status in humans: a systematic review Michał Witkowski, Jane Hubert, Andrzej Mazur INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, and Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France Correspondence: Dr A. Mazur, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France <[email protected]> Abstract. To understand humans’ requirements for magnesium and the effect of magnesium on health, it is important to identify sensitive and population- specific biomarkers of magnesium status. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness of different magnesium status biomarkers through a systematic review of pub- lished magnesium supplementation and depletion trials in healthy humans. The methods used in this study included a structured search on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid) and Cochrane databases up to September 2008, followed by the use of formal inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction, validity assessment, and meta-analysis. A total of 20 potential biomarkers of magnesium status were assessed from 21 included publications. The majority of studies included were magnesium supplementation studies. Fewer magnesium depletion studies were identified. Available data analysis suggests that serum/plasma magne- sium concentration, red blood cell (RBC) concentration and urinary magnesium excretion responded to dietary manipulation. For other biomarkers with availa- ble data, it was not possible to draw any conclusions about their usefulness as magnesium status biomarkers. The lack of data prevented detailed subgroup analysis. In conclusion, although limited data were available, serum/plasma magnesium concentration, RBC magnesium concentration and urinary mag- nesium excretion appear to be useful biomarkers of magnesium status in the general population. Further high-quality studies are needed to assess the effec- tiveness of existing and newly developed biomarkers, especially in populations that are vulnerable to magnesium deficiency. Key words: magnesium, status, systematic review Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most abun- vided in the “Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)” dant cation within the cell. Magnesium plays [4] and in the “Apports nutritionnels conseil- an essential role in a wide range of fundamen- lés pour la population franc¸aise (ANC)” [5]. The tal biochemical reactions and cellular functions, magnesium content of food in the Western coun- including cell cycle, channel regulation, mem- tries is consistently decreasing; currently, dietary brane and nucleic acid stability and is a cofactor magnesium in many adults does not meet the for hundreds of enzymes [1]. Therefore, it is recommended intake [6-11]. This low magne- not surprising that many clinical disorders are sium intake leads to an increased risk of latent associated with magnesium deficiency [2, 3]. magnesium deficiency, which is difficult to diag- Recommendations for magnesium intake are pro- nose. It is generally accepted that assessments of magnesium status are problematic [12, 13]. This manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views The assessment difficulty results from the dis- of the Commission of the European Communities and in tribution of magnesium in the body. About half doi:10.1684/mrh.2011.0292 no way anticipates their future policy in this area. of the total body magnesium is in the bone and 163 To cite this article: Witkowski M, Hubert J, Mazur A. Methods of assessment of magnesium status in humans: a systematic review. Magnes Res 2011; 24(4): 163-80 doi:10.1684/mrh.2011.0292 Journal Identification = MRH Article Identification = 0292 Date: January 4, 2012 Time: 10:26 am M. WITKOWSKI ET AL. the other half is in the soft tissues. Extracellu- humans (including supplementation and/or deple- lar magnesium accounts for only about 1 percent tion studies) with no restrictions in study design, of total body magnesium. Therefore, the measure- including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), ment of blood plasma/serum magnesium does not controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and before-and- exactly reflect its intracellular level. In healthy after studies (B/A); 2) report the magnesium subjects, there is a balance between intesti- status in humans at baseline and after sup- nal magnesium absorption and urinary excretion plementation or depletion; 3) report the daily with the latter being of greater importance. Uri- dose of the supplement and involve magnesium nary excretion increases when magnesium intake supplementation with magnesium salts that are is in excess, whereas the increased kidney re- considered bioavailable; and 4) involve healthy absorption conserves magnesium in the case of participants who had not recently used mineral magnesium deprivation. Therefore, urine magne- or vitamin supplements. sium reflects magnesium intake and can provide Study inclusion was not limited by the age of information on an individual’s magnesium status. the participants and included studies of infants However, factors affecting kidney filtration, such through the elderly. Studies were excluded if they as diabetes, diuretics, and renal dialysis, strongly included subjects receiving concomitant therapy influence urinary magnesium, limiting its value for chronic illnesses, nutritional deficiencies other in several pathophysiological conditions. Home- than magnesium, or if the studies’ subjects had a ostasis of magnesium is mainly maintained via condition known to affect magnesium metabolism, bone stores. Approximately one third of magne- such as diabetes, severe kidney diseases, renal sium in bone is freely exchangeable and acts as dialysis, or alcoholism. Studies were excluded if a reserve for maintaining extracellular magne- suitable baseline data were unavailable, if infor- sium concentrations [13]. For these magnesium mation on the statistical variance of the data metabolism-related evidences, extensive research was not accessible, and if methods for the status has been conducted on the evaluation of magne- assessment were not found. sium in a variety of blood cells and on techniques measuring magnesium concentrations in tissues. Recently published reviews [12, 13] provide an Data collection extensive update on the assessment of magnesium status. We searched Ovid MEDLINE (www.ovid.com), The aim of this systematic review is to assess EMBASE (Ovid; www.ovid.com), and the the usefulness of magnesium status biomarkers in Cochrane Library CENTRAL (www.thecochra- healthy humans to determine which biomarkers nelibrary.com) databases from inception to appropriately reflect changes in magnesium September 2008 for magnesium intervention status in response to supplementation or deple- studies using text terms with appropriate trun- tion. The methodology of this review is based on cation and relevant indexing terms. The general the standard methodology developed for the set structure of the search was “magnesium” and of reviews within the Eurreca project (EURopean “intervention OR supplementation OR depletion” micronutrient RECommendations Aligned) (14) and “humans.” and also related to other minerals [15-18]. Titles and abstracts were screened for inclu- sion by a single reviewer. The full text of all articles collected was screened for inclusion by Methods using an inclusion and exclusion form by two independent reviewers. Data for each included study were extracted into an Access (Microsoft An abbreviated version of the methodology used Corp, Redmond, WA) database file by a single in this review is provided below with differences reviewer. In unclear cases, studies were discussed from the main methodology noted [14]. with the review team before beginning full data extraction, and, in some cases, study authors Study selection were contacted for clarification. When necessary, units of measurement were converted to a stan- To be included, a study needed to meet all of dard form to facilitate comparison across studies. the following criteria: 1) an intervention study in Data extraction and synthesis for primary and 164 Journal Identification = MRH Article Identification = 0292 Date: January 4, 2012 Time: 10:26 am Mg status assessment secondary measures of interest were undertaken table 1. The quality of the included studies varied; as discussed in the methodology article [14]. To 12 RCTs were included in the review, but the claim whether a biomarker was useful, the fol- method of randomisation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oral Magnesium Gly Magnesium Glycerophosphate Ceroph
    pat hways Preventing recurrent hypomagnesaemia: oral magnesium glycerophosphate Evidence summary Published: 29 January 2013 nice.org.uk/guidance/esuom4 Key points from the evidence The content of this evidence summary was up-to-date in January 2013. See summaries of product characteristics (SPCs), British national formulary (BNF) or the MHRA or NICE websites for up-to-date information. Magnesium glycerophosphate is a magnesium salt that is available as a tablet, capsule, liquid solution or liquid suspension for oral use. The British national formulary (BNF) states that oral magnesium glycerophosphate is a suitable preparation to prevent recurrence of symptomatic hypomagnesaemia in people who have already been treated for this condition. This evidence summary looks at the use of oral magnesium glycerophosphate in patients who have previously been treated with an intravenous infusion of magnesium. Oral magnesium glycerophosphate does not have UK marketing authorisation for this or any other indication, and therefore it is an unlicensed medicine in the UK. No published clinical trials comparing the efficacy of oral magnesium glycerophosphate with placebo or any form of active treatment for preventing recurrent hypomagnesaemia after treatment with intravenous magnesium were identified. The only videncee found was from 3 case reports describing the use of oral magnesium glycerophosphate for preventing recurrent hypomagnesaemia in adults after intravenous treatment. © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights (https://www.nice.org.uk/terms-and- Page 1 of conditions#notice-of-rights). 17 Preventing recurrent hypomagnesaemia: oral magnesium glycerophosphate (ESUOM4) Two of the 3 case reports concerned patients who had short bowel syndrome due to surgical resection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Best Ingredients for a Better Life #Faravellinutradivision
    The Best ingredients for a better life #FaravelliNutraDivision INGREDIENTS FOR THE FOOD SUPPLEMENTS INDUSTRY PRODUCT LIST MINERAL SALTS • L-CARNITINE HCL • AMMONIUM BICARBONATE • L-CARNITINE TARTRATE • AMMONIUM CARBONATE • L-CYSTEINE BASE DAB 10 • AMMONIUM CHLORIDE BP/USP/DAB/E510 • L-CYSTEINE, MONOHYDRATE HCL, • CALCIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS AND BASE • CALCIUM CARBONATE • L-GLUTAMIC ACID • CALCIUM GLUCONATE ORAL • L-GLUTAMINE • CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE BPC • L-ISOLEUCINE • CALCIUM LACTATE GLUCONATE • L-LEUCINE STANDARD & BY FERMENTATION • CALCIUM LACTATE USP XXIII/PH EUR/FCC • L-LYSINE HCL • CALCIUM PIDOLATE • L-METHIONINE • CHROMIUM PICOLINATE 10% • L-SERINE • CHROMIUM YEAST • L-THEANINE • COPPER BISGLYCINATE • L-TYROSINE • COPPER GLUCONATE • L-VALINE • DISODIUMACETATE • TAURINE WITH & WITHOUT ANTICACKING • IRON GLUCONATE EP • IRON OROTATE NATURAL EXTRACTS • MAGNESIUM ASCORBATE • CHROMIUM YEAST • MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE • ECHINACEA EXTRACT • MAGNESIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE • SELENIUM YEAST • MAGNESIUM LACTATE DIHYDRATE • WHITE TEA EXTRACT • MAGNESIUM OROTATE • ZINC YEAST • MAGNESIUM PIDOLATE • MANGANESE BISGLYCINATE PROTEINS • MANGANESE GLUCONATE • SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE • POTASSIUM ACETATE BP 80 • PEA PROTEIN ISOLATE • POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC MONOHYDRATE • POTASSIUM GLUCONATE VITAMINS • POTASSIUM IODIDE • MIXED TOCOPHEROLS 70% OIL • POTASSIUM IODATE • NATURAL TOCOPHEROLS • PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE PH EUR • SODIUM ASCORBATE • SELENIUM YEAST • TOCOTRIENOLS • SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDRATH, TRIHYDRATE • VITAMIN B1 HCL • ZINC BISGLYCINATE • VITAMIN
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General Notices
    EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General notices......................................................................... 3 2.2.66. Detection and measurement of radioactivity........... 119 2.1. Apparatus ............................................................................. 15 2.2.7. Optical rotation................................................................ 26 2.1.1. Droppers ........................................................................... 15 2.2.8. Viscosity ............................................................................ 27 2.1.2. Comparative table of porosity of sintered-glass filters.. 15 2.2.9. Capillary viscometer method ......................................... 27 2.1.3. Ultraviolet ray lamps for analytical purposes............... 15 2.3. Identification...................................................................... 129 2.1.4. Sieves ................................................................................. 16 2.3.1. Identification reactions of ions and functional 2.1.5. Tubes for comparative tests ............................................ 17 groups ...................................................................................... 129 2.1.6. Gas detector tubes............................................................ 17 2.3.2. Identification of fatty oils by thin-layer 2.2. Physical and physico-chemical methods.......................... 21 chromatography...................................................................... 132 2.2.1. Clarity and degree of opalescence of
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping up an Active Life
    Advances IN ORTHOMOLECULAR RESEARCH VOLUME 4 ISSUE 8 Advances FitnessIN ORTHOMOLECULAR RESEARCH Keeping Up AnAdvances Active Life IN ORTHOMOLECULAR RESEARCH FREE RESEARCH-DRIVEN BOTANICAL INTEGRATIVE ORTHOMOLECULAR INNOVATIVE All You Need is One 22 g Whey Protein 4 g Fibre 2.5 Billion Probiotics Advanced Multivitamin Get a full dose of nutrition with all the benefits of improved detoxification and immunity in just one scoop Optimizing Physical Move to the Beet of 4 Performance: The 18 Nitric Oxide Science of Nutrient Nitric oxide is a ‘super Supplementation molecule’ that influences Certain supplements several factors related to can improve physical athletic activity including: performance. Learn more sleep, immunity, bone about the benefits of whey health and cardiovascular protein, amino acids, health. astaxanthin, D-ribose and colostrum. Weight Loss: The Curcumin: Cellular 10 Importance of 22 Protector and Balancing Blood Sugars Performance Booster Balancing the body’s blood Curcumin offers several sugar level is critical for a benefits for active people, healthy metabolism and for including inflammation weight loss. Green coffee reduction and antioxidant bean extract, resveratrol protection among others. and green tea extract are all helpful in achieving healthy blood sugar levels. Immunity for the Essential Magnesium 14 Athlete: Supplements 26 for Supporting an to Reduce Effects of Active Body Overtraining Magnesium plays many Intense exercise can roles in the body, including reduce performance and involvement in energy immunity. Adequate rest production, immunity, and several supplements bone health, heart rhythm, can help reduce the risk of muscle and nerve function. immunosuppression due to overtraining. Published in Canada by Advances in Orthomolecular Research Advanced Orthomolecular Research Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Tải Toàn Văn Công Bố Sản Phẩm Thức Ăn Chăn Nuôi Truyền Thống, Nguyên
    Phụ lục CÔNG BỐ SẢN PHẨM THỨC ĂN CHĂN NUÔI TRUYỀN THỐNG, NGUYÊN LIỆU ĐƠN THƯƠNG MẠI (Ban hành kèm theo Công văn số /CN-TĂCN ngày tháng năm 2020 của Cục Chăn nuôi) A. Sản phẩm thức ăn chăn nuôi truyền thống, nguyên liệu đơn thương mại I. Sản phẩm nguyên liệu thức ăn chăn nuôi truyền thống thương mại* TT Nguyên liệu I.1 Nguyên liệu có nguồn gốc động vật Nguyên liệu có nguồn gốc thuỷ sản: I.1.1 Cá, tôm, cua, động vật giáp xác, động vật nhuyễn thể, thủy sản khác; sản phẩm, phụ phẩm từ thủy sản. Nguyên liệu có nguồn gốc động vật trên cạn: Bột xương, bột thịt, bột thịt xương, bột huyết, bột lông vũ thủy phân, bột gia cầm, I.1.2 trứng, côn trùng, động vật không xương sống, sữa và sản phẩm từ sữa; sản phẩm, phụ phẩm khác từ động vật trên cạn. I.1.3 Nguyên liệu khác có nguồn gốc động vật I.2 Nguyên liệu có nguồn gốc thực vật I.2.1 Các loại hạt và sản phẩm từ hạt Hạt cốc: I.2.1.1 Ngô, thóc, lúa mì, lúa mạch, kê, hạt cốc khác; sản phẩm, phụ phẩm từ hạt cốc. Hạt đậu: I.2.1.2 Đậu tương, đậu xanh, đậu lupin, đậu triều, hạt đậu khác; sản phẩm, phụ phẩm từ hạt đậu. Hạt có dầu: I.2.1.3 Hạt lạc, hạt bông, hạt lanh, hạt vừng, hạt điều, hạt có dầu khác; sản phẩm, phụ phẩm từ hạt có dầu.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium with and Without Magnesium for Primary Dysmenorrhea
    doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2017.56 http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2015.27 OpenOpen Access Original Review Article InternationalInternational Journal Journal of Women’s of Women’s Health Health and Reproduction and Reproduction Sciences Sciences Vol.Vol. 3, No.5, No. 3, July 4, October 2015, 126–131 2017, 332–338 ISSNISSN 2330- 4456 2330- 4456 CalciumWomen on With the Otherand Without Side of War Magnesium and Poverty: for PrimaryIts Effect Dysmenorrhea:on the Health of Reproduction A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo- ControlledAyse Cevirme1, Yasemin Trial Hamlaci2*, Kevser Ozdemir2 SakinehAbstract Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi1, Mojgan Mirghafourvand1, Salimeh Nezamivand-Chegini2*, YousefWar and Javadzadeh poverty are ‘extraordinary3 conditions created by human intervention’ and ‘preventable public health problems.’ War and poverty have many negative effects on human health, especially women’s health. Health problems arising due to war and poverty are being observed as sexual abuse and rape, all kinds of violence and subsequent gynecologic and obstetrics problems with physiological Abstractand psychological courses, and pregnancies as the result of undesired but forced or obliged marriages and even rapes. Certainly, Objectives:unjust treatment To assess such asthe being effect unable of co-administration to gain footing on ofthe calcium land it isand lived magnesium (asylum seeker, and calciumrefugee, etc.)alone and on being pain deprivedintensity of in primary dysmenorrhea.social security, citizenship rights and human rights brings about the deprivation of access to health services and of provision of Materialsservice intended and Methods:for gynecology In this and study,obstetrics. 63 Thestudents purpose with of thisprimary article dysmenorrheais to address effects were of warrandomly and poverty allocated on the into health 2 interventionof (receivingreproduction one of tablet women a day and combined to offer scientific 600 mg contribution calcium carbonate and solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Headaches and Magnesium: Mechanisms, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Advantage of Magnesium Pidolate
    nutrients Review Headaches and Magnesium: Mechanisms, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Advantage of Magnesium Pidolate Jeanette A. Maier 1,*, Gisele Pickering 2, Elena Giacomoni 3, Alessandra Cazzaniga 1 and Paolo Pellegrino 3 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Inserm 1107 Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Medical Faculty, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; [email protected] 3 Sanofi Consumer Health Care, 20158 Milan, Italy; Elena.Giacomoni@sanofi.com (E.G.); Paolo.Pellegrino@sanofi.com (P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 June 2020; Accepted: 21 August 2020; Published: 31 August 2020 Abstract: Magnesium deficiency may occur for several reasons, such as inadequate intake or increased gastrointestinal or renal loss. A large body of literature suggests a relationship between magnesium deficiency and mild and moderate tension-type headaches and migraines. A number of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials have shown that magnesium is efficacious in relieving headaches and have led to the recommendation of oral magnesium for headache relief in several national and international guidelines. Among several magnesium salts available to treat magnesium deficiency, magnesium pidolate may have high bioavailability and good penetration at the intracellular level. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium deficiency in the brain and the clinical evidence supporting the use of magnesium for the treatment of headaches and migraines. Keywords: magnesium; pidolate; deficiency; headache; migraine; BBB 1. Background A large body of literature suggests a relationship between magnesium deficiency and mild and moderate tension-type headaches and migraines [1–9].
    [Show full text]
  • ©Ferrata Storti Foundation
    Haematologica 1998; 83:118-125 original paper The effect of dietary magnesium supplementation on the cellular abnormalities of erythrocytes in patients with ␤ thalassemia intermedia LUCIA DE FRANCESCHI,* MARIA DOMENICA CAPPELLINI,° GIOVANNA GRAZIADEI,° FRANCO MANZATO,# OLIVIERO OLIVIERI,* ROBERTO CORROCHER,* GEMINO FIORELLI,° YVES BEUZARD,‡ CARLO BRUGNARA§ Departments of Internal Medicine, *University of Verona, and °University of Milan, OMP-IRCCS, Milan, and #Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; ‡Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France; §Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ABSTRACT Background and Objective. Reduced serum or ery- was generally mild, but led to discontinuation for one throcyte Mg have been reported in human ␤ tha- patient after the first four weeks. lassemia. These deficiencies may play a role in the Interpretation and Conclusions. These data indicate cellular abnormalities characteristic of this disor- that dietary Mg supplementation improves some of der. We have therefore studied the effect of dietary the characteristic cellular function abnormalities of Mg supplementation in patients with ␤ thalassemia b thalassemia intermedia. The possible therapeutic intermedia in order to establish whether it improves value of this strategy should be further tested in the abnormalities of thalassemic erythrocytes. these patients. Design and Methods. Plasma and erythrocyte Mg ©1998, Ferrata Storti Foundation were determined in 11 patients with b thalassemia intermedia, not requiring chronic transfusion thera- Key words: magnesium, erythrocyte, thalassemia, py, and in 17 normal controls. Inclusion criteria transport included normal renal and liver function and perfor- mance status of 70% or greater. Seven patients were enrolled for the Mg supplementation study, after the appropriate informed consent was uman ␤ thalassemia (␤ thal) is characterized obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Prospects for Using Modern Magnesium Preparations for Increasing Stress Resistance During COVID-19 Pandemic
    Research Results in Pharmacology 6(4): 65–76 UDC: 615.331 DOI 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.59407 Review Article Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic Maria V. Sankova1, Olesya V. Kytko1, Renata D. Meylanova1, Yuriy L. Vasil’ev1, Michael V. Nelipa1 1 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), N.V. Sklifosofsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, 8-2 Trubetskaya St. Moscow 119991, Russian Federation Corresponding author: Olesya V. Kytko ([email protected]) Academic editor: Tatyana Pokrovskaia ♦ Received 7 October 2020 ♦ Accepted 7 December 2020 ♦ Published 29 December 2020 Citation: Sankova MV, Kytko OV, Meylanova RD, Vasil’ev YuL, Nelipa MV (2020) Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic. Research Results in Pharmacology 6(4): 65–76. https://doi. org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.59407 Abstract Introduction: The relevance of the issue of increasing stress resistance is due to a significant deterioration in the mental health of the population caused by the special conditions of the disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the decisive role in the severity of clinico-physiological manifestations of maladjustment to stress is assigned to magnesium ions. The aim of the work was to study the magnesium importance in the body coping mechanisms under stress for the pathogenetic substantiation of the magnesium correction in an unfavorable situation of disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The theoretical basis of this scientific and analytical review was an analysis of modern Russian and foreign literature data posted on the electronic portals MEDLINE, PubMed-NCBI, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, Google Academy, and CyberLeninka.
    [Show full text]
  • Wo 2009/120182 A2
    (12) INTERNATIONALAPPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 1 October 2009 (01.10.2009) WO 2009/120182 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, A61K 47/34 (2006.01) CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (21) International Application Number: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, PCT/US2008/013816 KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (22) International Filing Date: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, 18 December 2008 (18.12.2008) NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, (25) Filing Language: English UG, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 61/015,365 20 December 2007 (20.12.2007) US GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, 12/262,986 31 October 2008 (3 1.10.2008) US ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, (71) Applicant: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY [US/ ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, US]; 200 South Wilcox Drive, Kingsport, TN 37660 MC, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR), OAPI (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Magnesium: a Mineral with Multiple Applications
    SupplementScience Magnesium: A Mineral With Multiple Applications By Gene Bruno, MS, MHS 9 agnesium is an essential • Alcoholism: An increase in magne- as antacids. mineral with multiple sium excretion is common in chronic • Diabetes: Magnesium chloride has functions in the human alcoholism due to poor dietary practices been shown to improve fasting glucose 10,11 body. This includes a and gastrointestinal issues. levels and insulin resistance in diabetes. structural role in bone, • Aging: Research shows that the eld- Magnesium pidolate improved insulin 12 Mcell membranes and chromosomes.1 It is erly tend to have low magnesium intake response and action. needed for more than 300 metabolic and a decrease in intestinal magnesium • Hearing loss: Magnesium aspartate 2 reactions2, including magnesium- absorption. has been shown to reduce hearing loss (in dependent chemical reactions required The Daily Value for magnesium is 400 normal-hearing adults) due to high levels 13 to metabolize carbohydrates and fats in mg, although there are some instances of impulse noises. the production of adenosine triphos- in which higher doses may be indicated. • Kidney stones: Magnesium hydrox- 14 phate (ATP)1, the “energy currency” of ide reduced kidney stones, and eliminat- the body. In addition, magnesium is Deficiency Ramifications ed them in a significant number of cases. 15 required for the synthesis of nucleic Magnesium deficiency leads to patho- Magnesium oxide with vitamin B6 also acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids logical changes in the immune system decreased kidney stone formation. and the antioxidant glutathione.1 that are related to the initiating of an • Migraine headache: Trimagnesium 16 17 Magnesium is also required for trans- inflammatory response.5 In addition, dicitrate and magnesium citrate have porting potassium and calcium ions most human cells can only replicate a been shown to reduce the frequency of across cell membranes.
    [Show full text]
  • Bộ NÔNG NGIIIỆP CỘNG IIOÀ XÃ 1101 CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM VÀ PHÁT TR1ÊN NÒNG THỒN Độc Lập - Tự Do Hạnh Phúc
    Bộ NÔNG NGIIIỆP CỘNG IIOÀ XÃ 1101 CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM VÀ PHÁT TR1ÊN NÒNG THỒN Độc lập - Tự do Hạnh phúc Số: 21 /2019/TT-BNNPTNT Hà Nội. ngày 28 tháng Ỉ1 nám 20/9 THÓNG T ư Huúmg dần một số dicu của Luệl Chăn nuôi vổ Ihức ân chăn nuôi Càn cử Nghị (Ị)nh sổ 15 20Ỉ7 ND-CP npày i l ihảng 02 nám 2017 cùa ('hình phu quy định chúc năng, nhiệm v^. (ịtiytến hụn và cơ CÜU tỏ chúc cua Bộ Nông tightệp vả Phát trìèn nông thôn: ( 'ân c ứ Luật i 'hân nuỏt ngày y V ỉhàng /7 nủm 20 ỊH : Theo đề nghị cua ( 'ục truimg c ục ( 'hản nuôi, Hộ inrrmg Hộ Nóng nghiệp vổ Ị*hát thên nông thôn han hành Thông tư hưởng Jan một xổ điều ctta Luật ( Ihàn nuôi về thức ăn chăn mtồi. C hương I QUY ĐỊNH CIIUNG Điều I. Phạm vi diều chình Thông tư này hướng dần mội sé nội dung quy đinh tại khoán 4 Điều 37. khoản 2 Điẻu 46, diêni d khoán 2 Điều 48. diêm c khoán 2 Điều 79 của Luậl Cháii nuôi về thức ăiì chản nuôi, bao gồm: 1. Chi tiêu chất lượng thức ản chữn nuôi băt buộc phải công bố Dang tiéu chuản cồng bo áp dụng; 2. Ghi nhản thức ản chần nuồi: 3. Báo cáo tinh hình sán xuất thức àn chăn nuôi; 4. Danh mục Hoa chal, san phảm sinh học, vi sinh vật cầm sứ dụng trong thức ăn chãn nuôi; Danh mục ngiiyèn liệu dược phép sir dụng làm thúc ãn chăn nuôi Điều 2.
    [Show full text]