Diversidade Da Acarofauna Associada a Ninhos De Aves Silvestres No Município De São Sepé, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil

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Diversidade Da Acarofauna Associada a Ninhos De Aves Silvestres No Município De São Sepé, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil 0 CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO UNIVATES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU MESTRADO EM AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DIVERSIDADE DA ACAROFAUNA ASSOCIADA A NINHOS DE AVES SILVESTRES NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO SEPÉ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL Darliane Evangelho Silva Lajeado, março de 2014 ) u d b / r b . s e t a v i n u . w w w / / DIVERSIDADE DA ACAROFAUNA ASSOCIADA A NINHOS DE AVES AVES DE NINHOS A ASSOCIADA ACAROFAUNA DA DIVERSIDADE SILVESTRES NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO SEPÉ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, SUL, DO GRANDE RIO SEPÉ, SÃO DE MUNICÍPIO NO SILVESTRES : p t t h ( S E T A V I N U a d Lajeado, Lajeado, Coor Ferla Juarez Noeli Dr. Orientador: Ecologia em Mestre em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento na linha de p UNIVATES, como parte da exigência para do obtenção grau de Ambiente e Dissertação Desenvolvimento, apresentada ao programa do de Pós Centro Universitário l a Darliane Evangelho Silva Evangelho Darliane t ientador i BRASIL g i março D . : a Drº Eduardo Périco Eduardo Drº c de 2014 de e t o i l b i B – U D B - Graduação em esquisa esquisa 1 2 Darliane Evangelho Silva ) u d b / r b . s DIVERSIDADE DA ACAROFAUNA ASSOCIADA A NINHOS DE AVES e t a SILVESTRES NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO SEPÉ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, v i n BRASIL u . w w w / / : p A Banca examinadora abaixo aprova a Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós t t h Graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, do Centro Universitário Univates, como parte ( S da exigência para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, na área de E concentração Ecologia: T A V I N U _____________________________________ a Prof. Dr. Noeli Juarez Ferla– orientador d l Centro Universitário Univates a t i _____________________________________ g i Prof. Dr. Eduardo Périco – coorientador D Centro Universitário Univates a c e t ____________________________________ o i Profª. Dra. Ana Paula Ott l Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul- b i UFRGS B _____________________________________ – Prof.ª.Dra. Claudete Rempel U Centro Universitário Univates D B _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Ricardo Ebert Siqueira Universidade da Região da Campanha - URCAMP Lajeado, março de 2014 ) u d b / r b . s e t a v i n u . w w w / pesquisa, em especial a Fabio Corrêa pela ajuda no pela dosni ajuda especiala monitoramento em Corrêa Fabio pesquisa, disponibilizaram o meu acesso as suas propriedades para que eu pudesse desenvolver minha companheiris Mat nunca desisti a incentivando difíceis, obrigada por você estar na minha vida, ajudando e me dando força nos momentos mais confortadoras. concluído essa etapa. Ao meu pai José Mervilo M ensinamentos. segurança incentivandoe auxiliando em todos os momentos. Pela ter me orientação, ajudado a paciência enfrentar e os vários obstáculos surgidos e ter sempre me aberto portas de minha em meta vida. mais essa / : p h t eus Rocha eus t Não Não poderia deixar de agradecer aos proprietários As rurais minhas e amigas, urbanos Adriane Trindade, que Daiane Pazinato e Elisa Aos Paludo bolsistas pelo do laboratório de artrópodes em especial ao Guilherme Liberato Ao Luiz. L.C.Corrêa meu esposo, companheiro, colega e grande parceiro de campo, A minha mãe Inez Evangelho, sem o seu apoio com certeza mais uma vez, não teria incentivo. e por amizade Prof. coorientador Eduardo Périco, toda Ao meu Dr. Ao meu orientador Agradeço a Deus em primeiro lugar, pela força que ele me deu para a realização de h ( S mo, incentivo amizade. e E pela paciência de passar horas na identificação dos ácaros, passarhoras dosácaros, naidentificação paciência de pela T A V I N Professor Dr. Noeli Juarez Ferla por ter aceitado me orientar, por U a AGRADECIMENTOS d l r. a t i g i D a c e . t Silva pela força e presença sempre tão o i l b i B – U D nhos. B o meuobrigado . 3 e ) u d b / r b . s e t a v i n u . w w w / transmitiram. vários momentos da minha vida, deixo um agradecimento especial pela força que sempre me Rem incentivando umpelo sorriso, e com busca conhecimento. ajudando na sempre / : p pel e ao eao pel t t Em fim a todos familiares, amigos, colegas de trabalho, que estavam presentes em Aos membros avaliadores da banca: A h os professores e funcionários da UNIVATES, que de uma maneira especial estavam ( S Prof. Dr.Prof. Paulo Ricardo E T A V I N U a d l Ebert Siqueira. Desde já agradeço as Siqueira.as Desdejáagradeço Ebert contribuições. a t i g i Profª. Dra. Ana Paula Ott, Prof D a c e t o i l b i B – U D B ª. Dra. Claudete 4 5 ) u d b / r b . s e t RESUMO a v i n u . w Os ninhos de aves trazem consigo uma grande riqueza e diversidade de ácaros, composta por w ácaros predadores, fitófagos e generalistas. O conhecimento e entendimento desses w organismos são importantes para estudos futuros de controle biológico de ácaros praga a partir / / : de predadores naturais podendo contribuir para minimizar altas infestações, evitando que p ectoparasitas se tornem um problema sanitário e econômico. Este estudo teve como objetivo t t conhecer a diversidade da acarofauna associada a ninhos de aves silvestres, correlacionando h ( com variáveis ecológicas dos ambientes do município de São Sepé, Rio Grande do Sul, S Brasil. Os ninhos de aves foram coletados nas áreas, urbana e rural, em ambientes florestal, E campestre, aquático, pomares e residenciais, entre os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2012. T Os ninhos coletados foram dispostos em funil de Berlese para a extração dos ácaros e A conservados em álcool 70%. Foi realizada a montagem em lâminas em meio Hoyer. A V I identificação foi realizada no Laboratório de Acarologia do Centro Universitário UNIVATES. N No total foram amostrados 52 ninhos de aves, pertencentes a 25 espécies de aves e encontrado U um total de 24.287 ácaros pertencentes a 34 famílias, 70 espécies, além daqueles da Subordem a Oribatida. A diversidade de Shannon (H') foi maior no ambiente campestre da área rural d l (H’=1,91), seguido da residencial (H’=1,88). A diversidade total deu-se na área rural, no a t ambiente campestre (TD=48,67) e florestal (TD=23,75). A equitabilidade foi bem próxima na i g área rural em dois ambientes o aquático (ED=0,83) e o florestal (ED=0,80). Maior riqueza se i deu na área rural, no ambiente campestre (1,8) e residencial (1,7). No ambiente urbano todas D demostraram mesma riqueza (0,8). a c e Palavras chaves: diversidade, ácaros, pássaros. t o i l b i B – U D B ) u d b / r b . s e t a v i n u . w w w / Keywords: thesame richness (0.8). showed rural area in a field environment (1.8) two aquatic environments (ED = 0.83) and and forest (ED = 0.80). Greatest richness residential (1.7). In the urban field environment (TD = 48.67) all and forest 1.91), follow Oribatida. total of 24,287 mites belonging to 34 families, 70 species, in addition to those of the suborder Center. identification was performed at the and Laboratory preserved of in Acarology 70% UNIVATES alcohol. the 2012. TheDecember nests plac collected were University environment, countryside, water, orchards and residential, between the months of August to Brazil environments.The bird nests were collected in birds, correlate with ecological variables of areas, th urban and rural, in the problem.This study forest aimed to understand the diversity of mites associated with nests of minimize wild high infestations, for future studies of biological control of preventing mite pests from natural predators m ectoparasites phytophagous and generalists.Knowledge and understanding of these organismsbecome are important a health Nesting and economic / : p t t A total of 52 nests of birds, bel h of of birds bring with them a wealth and diversity of mites, comprising predatory mites, ( The The Shannon diversity (H ') was higher in the environment field of rural area (H' = Diversity. Diversity. S ed ed by residential (H '= 1.88). The total diversity occurred in the rural area on the E T A V Mites. Birds. I N U (TD = 23.75).The evenness was very close in the rural area in a Assembly Assembly was performed on slides in Hoyer medium.The d l a t ABSTRACT onging to 25 species were sampled birds and found a i g i D e municipality of ed inBerlese funnel for of extraction dust mites a c e t o i l b i B São Sepé – U D , Rio Grande do Sul, B ay ay contribute to occurred occurred in a 6 7 ) u d b / r b . s LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES e t a v i n LISTA DE FIGURAS u . w Figura 1 - Divisão corporal de um ácaro Mesostigmata (Gamasida) baseado em Krantz w (2009). .................................................................................................................................... 144 w / / : p Figura 2 – Morfologia de uma pena: 1) barba; 2) bárbula distal; 3) Hamulus ou ganchos t t terminais; 4) bárbula proximal; 5) sulcos; 6) nós; A=região plumulácea (G.B. Mahecha apud h ( Andrade (1997). ........................................................................................................................ 18 S E Figura 3 – Localização do Município de São Sepé no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil...23 T A V Figura 4 – Vista geral da área rural do município de São Sepé, região central do Estado do Rio I Grande do Sul. .......................................................................................................................... 24 N U a d Figura 5 – Vista geral da área urbana do município de São Sepé, Estado do Rio Grande do l Sul.
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