The Prodigious Journey of Smriti Mandhana Ku

President's Message

It gives me tremendous pleasure to congratulate both the writer students and the members on the editorial board for successfully bringing out the college Annual Magazine, Prajakta 2018-19.

The college presents a happy blend of traditional and modern education where knowledge is imported to the students so that they may occupy a better place in the modern competitive world and develop all round personalities retaining the beauty of mind and intellect as well as soul. I am sure that college will play a meaningful role in the competitive times ahead and scale new heights, transplanting the dreams of the people of the area into reality and bring education in this rural area. I wish that the 'Prajakta' establishes to be a flint to fire the enthusiasm and excite their minds for many intrusive innovations among the students.

Once again I congratulate all.

Dr. Raju Deshmukh President Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, Katol Principal's Message

I am extremely delighted to know that the college annual magazine, Prajakta, is being brought out having a rich collection of articles on various meaningful topics.

The college has the previlege of having a healthy harmonious ambience and rich values which have played pivotal role in shaping the future of student. Our mission is to transform students into rational thickness, competent workers, law abiding citizens and spiritually enlightened indivituals. This is my firm belief that the rich values and traditions imbibed here would carry you to greater heights. The magazine, Prajakta, is one of the best examples of it.

I congratulate the editor, Dr. Salame and his team for painstaking and strenuous efforts they have undergone.

Dr. S.K. Navin Principal Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol Editorial

The college magazine team works to bring out the college annual magazine, Prajakta. Each year, the team of editors, designers, photographers and correspondents, in addition to generating creative content from the students, work extensively to report on events in and around college. The publication reflects and encompasses the diversity inherent to the academic and creative. The magazine continues to expand its reach to achieve its vision of being a truely representative student publication. The team hopes to build on this ethos just as much during the upcoming academic years.

The team is greatful to all who cooperated to bring out this issue of college magazine, Prajakta 2018-19 successfully.

Dr. P.V. Salame Dr. R.R. Pathak

ñZohgå_obZ "Zm{dÝ`' H$m`©H«$_mVrb {d{dY N>Q>m

ñZohgå_obZ "Zm{dÝ`' H$m`©H«$_mVrb {d{dY N>Q>m AZwH«$_{UH$m _amR>r {d^mJ boI boIH$ dJ© nmZ H«$. 1. _hmË_m \w$bo `m§Mo gm_m{OH$ H$m`© A{^foH$ Eg. e|S>o ~r.Eggr. 1 1 2. ñÌr OÝ_m VwPr H$hmZr Hw$. Ad§Vr AZ§V ^mo`a ~r.Eggr. 1 3 3. `wdH$m§Mo àoaUmñÌmoV-ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X Hw$. àmOŠVm Jw. MmonS>o ~r.H$m°_. 2 (B§J«Or) 4 4. ^maVr` g¡{ZH$ Hw$. nëbdr A. H$Qw>H$mio ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 6 5. Xoem§VJ©V em§VVm _hÎdmMr ew^_ km. ~mbnm§S>o ~r.E. 2 7 6. ~m~m Am_Q>o `m§Mo ì`pŠV_Îd Hw$. pñdQ>r am. H$R>mZo ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 8 7. n[adV©Z H$mimMr JaO hf©X {X. T>mo~io E_.H$m°_. 2 10 8. {ednwÌ g§^mOramOo Hw$. {JVm§Obr _m. _wioH$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 11 9. ~m~m Hw$. {ZH$sVm e. amD$V ~r.Eggr. 1 12 10. ZmV§ Xe©Z e|S>o ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 13 11. eoVH$è`m§Mo _ZmoJV Hw$. {bZm YmoQ>o ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 14 12. ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr Hw$. _mYwar Xmoh{b`m ~r.H$m°_. 2 (B§J«Vr) 15 H${dVm H$dr$ dJ© nmZ H«$. 1. AmB© _¥Umb Z. aodVH$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 16 2. H$mhrVar amhÿZ Jobobo Hw$. {demIm bmobwgao ~r.H$m°_. 2 16 3. Pon Hw$. {_Zb {b. n§M^mB© ~r.H$m°_. 2 (B§J«Or) 17 4. bT> ao _Zm Hw$. à{UVm eo. Xoe^«Vma ~r.H$m°_. 1 17 5. _¡Ìr Hw$. d¡îUdr am. JmoS>~mobo ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 18 6. n[adV©Z Hw$. nëbdr gw. amD$V ~r.H$m°_. 2 (B§J«Or) 18 7. ñdV…À`m ghdmgmV Hw$. _{h_m _. `wdZmVr ~r.Eggr. 2 19 8. ^amar Hw$. {edmZr {d. H$mi~m§S>o ~r.Eggr. 1 19 9. AmO jU^a Hw$. M§Mb S>r. Hw$Q>o ~r.E. 3 20 10. Am`wî` Hw$. H$[aí_m nm§. Imnao ~r.E. 3 20 11. {~agm Vy AgVm Va YZ§O` ìhr. C_H$ ~r.EEgr. 1 21 12. ZmVr Hw$. {S>ånb A. ~mdUo ~r.H$m°_. 1 21 13. g¡{ZH$ Jm¡ad Jmo. MaS>o ~r.Eggr. 1 22 14. Am`wî` AgM§ OJm`M§ AgV§ {Zboe Xo. ~moaOo ~r.E. 2 22 15. e{hX Hw$. àoaUm A. YmoQ>o ~r.Eggr. 1 23 18. H$Wm {VÀ`m OrdZmMr am`~m Vm. WmoQ>o ~r.Eggr. 1 23 19. H$m AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$? Hw$. _`war Ama. {héS>H$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 24 20. eoVH$è`m§Mr qH$_V Hw$. nwZ_ Eg. JmS>oH$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 24 qhXr {d^mJ 1. am`\$b _¡Z Ogd§V qgh amdV {Zem§V aodVH$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 25 2. \$m¡Or H$s ~hZ Hw$. nm¡{U©_m dm`. _|S>bo ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 26 H${dVm H$dr$ dJ© nmZ H«$. 1. "dmo' Hw$. _mZgr _. _IoOm ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 27 2. g_` Hw$. H$[aí_m nm§. Imnao ~r.E. 3 27 3. 14 \$adar 2019 Hw$. gmoZmbr Eb. {héS>H$a ~r.H$m°_. 1 (B§J«Or) 28 B§J«Or {d^mJ 1. Garbage Pollution and it's Management Ku. Tejaswini S. Balkhede B.Sc. II (M/B) 29 2. Water is Life Ku. Bhavana P. Dhopre B.Sc. II (M/B) 30 3. The Prodigious Journey of Smriti Mandhana Ku. Mahashweta A.Bhelkar B.Sc. II 31 Indian Women Cricketer 4. Crime Against Women Ku. Haridini B. Barmase M.A. I (Eng.) 32 5. Sachin Tendulkar Ku. Sabiya Begum M.A. I (Eng.) 34 6. Education System Ku. Puja R. Harale M.A. I (Eng.) 35 POETRY 1. This Generation Shubham D. Balpande B.A. II 37 2. Boon For Life Aditya T. Jagdale B.Sc. II 37 3. Amigos Aksham M. Shambharkar B.Sc. II 38 4. Life Ku. Prachi R. Jurao B.Com. II (Eng.) 38 dm{f©H$ Ahdmb 1. {H«$S>m {d^mJ àm. S>m°. Q>r.Eb. OJXio 39 2. amîQ´>r` N>mÌ goZm (EZ.gr.gr.) boâQ>Z§Q> S>m°. VoOqgh Eb. OJXio 42 3. dm{UÁ` {d^mJ S>m. Eg.E. gmoZoJm§dH$a 44 4. J¥h AW©emñÌ {d^mJ àm. X_`§Vr KmJaJw§S>o 46 5. _amR>r {d^mJ S>m°. Ama.Ama. nmR>H$ 47 6. `moJ {ejU nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ àm. S>m°. Q>r.Eb. OJXio 47 7. J§«Wmb` {d^mJ S>m°. a_oe B§Jmobo 48 8. B{Vhmg {d^mJ S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o 50 9. National Service Scheme Prof. Mukesh Jadhav 51 10. Department of English Dr. P.K. Tiwari 52 11. Department of B.B.A. Prof. J.M. Patil 53 12. Department of Physics Dr. A.B. Sharma 54 13. Department of MB/BTH Mrs. Aditi Chandak 54 14. Parent Teacher Association Dr. Punit Raut 55 15. Entrepreneurship Skill Development Cell Dr. Punit Raut 55 16. Department of Electronics Dr. P.W. Yawalkar 56 17. Department Microbiology & Biotechnology Dr. N.B. Hirudkar 57 _hmË_m \w$bo `m§Mo gm_m{OH$ H$m`© nm{hOo Agm Ë`m§Zr {ZYm©a Ho$bm. gm_m{OH$ Aà{VîQ>oMm hm H$b§H$ Ë`m§À`m nwT>rb Am`wî`mMo CJ_ ñWmZ R>abm. nwT>o `m _hmamï´> hr g§Vm§Mr d dranwwéfm§Mr ^y_r Amho. Ë`m§Zr d¡`{º$H$ An_mZmM§ énm§Va {demb Ü`o`eŠVrV Pmbo. AZoH$ gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$ H$m`} Ho$br AmhoV. Ë`m_YboM AkmZénr A§YH$mambm XÿaH$aÊ`mgmR>r {ejUmgmaIm _hmË_m Á`moVr~m \w$bo hmoVo. XþgamCnm` Zmhr. {ejUm_wio _Zwî`mbm gË` d AgË`mMm d _hmË_m Á`mo{V~m \w$bo `m§M OÝ_ 11 E{àb 1827 A§{V_ {hVmMm {dMma H$aÊ`mMr eŠVr àmßV hmoVo. ${ejU ho _Ü`o nwUo `oWo Pmbm. Ë`m§Mo _yi AmS>Zmd Jmoèho Ago hmoVo. Vo gwYmaUoMo _mÜ`_ Amho. Ë`mVyZ ñdm{^_mZmMr OmUrd OmJ¥V OmVrZo j{Ì` _mir hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m KamÊ`mV \w$bm§Mm ì`dgm` hmoVo, ho Á`mo{Vamdm§À`m bjmV Ambo hmoVo. Ë`mVë`m Ë`m pñÌ`m§Zm Mmby hmoVm. Ë`mdéZMË`m§Zm nwT>o "\w$bo' åhUy bmJbo. {ejU åhUOo nwT>o g§nyU© Hw$Qy>§~mMo {ejU Ago Á`mo{Vamdm§Mo _V Á`moVr~m \w$bo EH$ dfm©Mo AgVm§Zm Ë`m§Mr AmB© _¥Ë`y hmoVo. nmdbr. JmoqdXamdm§Zm Amnë`m _wbm§Zm {ejU {_imdo Ago noedmB© OmD$Z B§J«Om§Mr amOdQ> Ambr. V[ahr bmoH$m§da dmQ>V hmoVo. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zr Á`mo{V~mbm d`mÀ`m gmVì`m dfu noedmB©Mm à^md hmoVmo. nwÊ`mV pñÌ`m§Zm {ejUmMr A{O~mV ImOJr nmR>emioV Q>mH$bo. Ë`mdoioMo dmVmdaU {dÚmä`mgmg gmo` ZìhVr. Aem à{VHy$b n[apñWVrV Ë`m§Zr 1848 _Ü`o nmofH$ ZìhVo. {ejUmMo _hÎd bmoH$m§Zm nQ>bobo ZìhVo. _wbtMr n{hbr emim gwé Ho$br. hr emim ~wYdma noR>oVrb JmoqdXamdm§Mm BVam§Zr ~wÕr^«_ Ho$bm. n[aUm_r Á`mo{V~m§Zm {^S>|À`m dmS>çmV ^aV Ago. gm{dÌr~mB©bm {ejU XoD$Z emioVyZ H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo. d`mÀ`m Voamì`m dfu Ë`m§Mm {ddmh {e{jH$m åhUyZ Zo_bo. hr Jmoï> Ë`mH$mir gZmVÝ`m§Zm nQ>br YZH$dmS>rÀ`m PJS>o nmQ>rb `m§À`m gm{dÌr~mB© `m H$Ý`oer Zmhr, åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr gm{dÌr~mB©À`m ZmZm àH$mao N>i H$aUo gwé Pmbm. Ho$bo. na§Vw Ë`m Amnë`m H$m_mV _¾ hmoË`m. gZmVZr bmoH$m§Zm Á`mo{V~m§Mr qMVZerbVm d ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¡eë` nmhÿZ Ë`m åhUV, ""_r Amnbo H$V©ì` H$arZ, Xod Vwåhmg j_m H$amo'' Ë`m§À`m eoOmar amhUmao CXÿ© {ejH$ J\$ma ~oJ _wÝer d JmoqdXamdm§da gZmVÝ`m§Mm X~md Amë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Á`mo{V~m§Zm Y_m}nXoeH$ {bOrQ> gmho~ `m§Zr Ë`m§Mo {ejU nwÝhm Mmby H$amdo, Kam~mhoa H$mT>bo. Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Mr Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr Agm AmJ«h JmoqdXamdm§H$S>o Yabm. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Zr _wbmÀ`m {~KS>ë`m_wio H$mhr {Xdg emim ~§X am{hbr. Am{W©H$ H$V¥Ëdmbm dmd {_iÊ`mgmR>r {ejU Amdí`H$ Amho ho nQ>dyZ n[apñWVr gwYmaVmM Ë`m§Zr OwZmJ§O noR>oV emim CKS>br. 1851 {Xbo. JmoqdXamdm§Zmhr ho {dMma nQ>bo. Ë`m§Zr Á`moVr~mbm B.g. _Ü`o emim {MniyZH$am§À`m dmS>`mV ZoÊ`mV Ambr. 1851 1841 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zm EH$m ñH$m°{Q>e {_eZar emioV Q>mH$bo. VoWo _Ü`o _wbtgmR>r {Vgar emim Va 1852 _Ü`o Mm¡Wr emim gXm{ed Jmd§S>o `m ~«m÷U {_ÌmÀ`m ghdmgmV Ë`m§Zr {edmOr d H$mT>Ê`mV Ambr. Ë`m§À`m emim§À`m ~m~VrV "nwUm Am°ãPada' dm°{e½Q>Z `m§Mr M[aÌo Aä`mgbr. "amB©Q²>g Am°\$ _°Z' `m Wm°_g `m d¥ÎmnÌmMo Ago _V hmoVo H$s, ""Á`moV~m§À`m emioVrb _wbm§Mr noZ `m§À`m J«§WmMm Ë`mda n[aUm_ Pmbm. nQ>g§»`m gaH$mar emioVrb _wbm§À`m nQ>g§»`onojm Xhm nQ>rZo ñdmV§Í` d bmoH$H$ë`mZ `m§Mm {dMma H$arV AgVm§Zm _moR>r hmoVr.'' VgoM "kmZàH$me' `m d¥ÎmnÌmÀ`m A§H$mV Ago _V hmoVo H$s, Á`moVr~m§Zr Añn¥í` g_mOmÀ`m {ejUmgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Á`mo{Vamdm§À`m OrdZmV EH$ _hÎdmMr KQ>Zm KS>br. Á`mo{Vamd {b{hUo, dmMZo {eH${dUo BË`mXr H$m`} Ho$br Ë`m{àË`W© Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m EH$m ~«m÷U {_ÌmÀ`m b¾mbm Jobo AgVm, damVr_Ü`o gaH$maZo embOmoS>r XoD$Z gÝ_mZ Ho$bm. ~«m÷Um§Zr Ë`m§Mm ewÐ åhUyZ An_mZ Ho$bm d Ë`m§Zm damVr_mJyZ `m`bm gm§{JVbo. VoìhmnmgyZ gm_m{OH$ {df_Vo~Ôb Ë`m§À`m Ë`mH$mimV pñÌ`m§Mr pñWVr \$ma X`Zr` hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm _ZmV {MS> {Z_m©U Pmbr. gm_m{OH$ {df_Vo{déÕ g§Kf© Ho$bm nwéfm§~amo~a g_mZ h¸$ ZìhVo. "Myb Am{U _yb' EdT>oM {VMo 1 H$m`© hmoVo. g_mOm_Ü`o ~mb{ddmh nÕVr Agë`m_wio 5) H$moUVmhr N>§X H$_r àVrMm Zmhr. ~mb{dYdm§Mr g§»`m Iyn hmoVr. Ë`m_wio pñÌ`m Z¡g{J©H$ {df` _hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$ar A{Zð> Mmbr[aVr Y_©^moionUm dmgZoÀ`m Amhmar Om`À`m d AZ¡{VH$nUo _wbo OÝ_mbm `m`Mr. `mImbr X~bm Jobm hmoVmo. Xm[aÐ`, _mJmgbobm, H$O© Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr ^«yUhË`m hmoV Ago. Ë`m_wio Á`mo{V~m§Zr ~mOmarnUm `mV eoVH$ar {ngyZ Jobm hmoVm. eoVH$ar gwIr Va Xoe "^«yUhË`m Ka' ñWmnZ Ho$bo d Ë`m§Zr Om{hamVr_Ü`o Ago {b{hbo gwIr Aer Á`mo{V~m§Mr ^mdZm hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§À`m H$s, "{dYdm§Zmo BWo `oD$Z JwßVnUo d gwa{jVnUo ~mi§V ìhm, pñWVrMo "eoVH$è`m§Mm AgyS>' `m J§«WmV à^mdrnUo dU©Z Ho$bo. Vwåhr Amnbo _wb Ý`mdo qH$dm R>odmdo, ho Vw_À`m Iwerda eoVH$è`m§Mo Xþ…IXm[aÐ`mMo _yi AkmZmV Amho, ho ñnîQ> Adb§~yZ Amho. Ë`m§Mo nmbZnmofU hm AZmW Aml_ H$aob.' H$aVmZm åhUVmV Ë`mH$mir Añn¥í`m§da AZpÝdV AË`mMma hmoV Ago. ""{dÚo {dZm _Vr Jobr& _{VdrZm {ZVr Jobr& gH$mi g§Ü`mH$mi Ë`m§Zm JmdmV {\$am`Mr nadmZJr Zgo. {ZVrdrZm JVr Jobr& JVr {dZm {dÎm Jobo & Ë`m§À`m Jù`mV _S>Ho$ d H$_aobm IamQ>m ~m§Yë`m OmV Ago. {dÎm{dZm ewÐ IMbo& BVHo$ AZW© EH$m A{dÚoZo Ho$bo&'' `mdê$Z CÀMdUu`m§_Ü`o Añn¥í`m§~Ôb AgUmar K¥Um, Xmof _w§~BVrb {JaUr H$m_Jmamda hmoUmè`m AÝ`m`mg dmMm àH$Q> hmoVmo. Á`mo{V~m§Zr Añn¥í`m§gmR>r doVmi noR>oV emim gwé \$moS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr "H$m_Jma g§KQ>Zm' ñWmnZ Ho$br. Ho$br. 1853 _Ü`o {_ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Ë`m§Zr "_hma, _m§J _hmË_m Á`moVr~m§Zr AI§S> gm_m{OH$ H$m`} Ho$bo. BË`mXr bmoH$m§Zm {dÚm {eH${dÊ`mMr _§S>ir ZmdmMr g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$br.' bhþOr_m§J, amO~m _hma `mgma»`m Añn¥í` 1) qhXþñWmZmVrb{ejUmÀ`m àíZm§Mm {dMma H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zm hmVmer KoD$Z ewÐ g_mOmV {ejUmMr JmoS>r {Z_m©U gaH$maZo Zo_boë`m h§Q>a Am`moJmnwT>o Á`mo{V~m§Zr Amnbo e¡j{UH$ Ho$br. Á`mo{V~m§Zr Amnë`m Kam OdiMm nmÊ`mMm Zi {dMma _m§S>bo. 12 dfm©À`m AmVrb _wbm§Zm _mo\$V d gŠVrMo Añn¥í`m§gmR>r gwé Ho$bm. dS>rbm§À`m lmÕmMo OodZ ^mD$~§Xm§Zm {ejU {_imbo nm{hOo Ago R>UH$mdyZ gm§{JVbo. KmbÊ`mEdOr Á`mo{Vamdm§Zr Am§Yù`m nm§Jù`m§Zm KmVbo. 2) gm_m{OH$ d Ym{_©H$ gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmíMmË` Ym{_©H$ d gm_m{OH$ Jwbm_{Jar Zï> H$aÊ`mH$arVm {ejUmMm d kmZmMm nwañH$ma Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm. Á`mo{V~m§Zr24 gßQ>|~a 1873 _Ü`o "gË`emoYH$ g_mOmMr' 3) _hmË_m Á`mo{V~m§Zr "{XZ~§Yy' ho d¥ÎmnÌ gwé H$éZ ñWmnZm Ho$br. ""gd© gmjr OJËnVr Ë`mbm ZH$mo _Ü`ñVr''Ago bmoH$OmJ¥VrMo H$m`© Ho$bo. `m g_mOmMo {~«X hmoVo. H${Zð> dJm©bm Ë`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ _wŠV 4) H$m_Jma pñÌ`m§Zm gH$mir 6 d gm`§H$mir 6 Z§Va H$aUmar Vr Midi hmoVr. "gË`emoYH$ g_mO' hr H$m_mda KoD$ Z`o d {dlm§VrgmR>r gwÅ>r {_imdr Agm R>amd g_mOgwYmaUoMr _hmamï´>m§Vrb n{hbr Midi hmo`. `m Á`mo{Vamdm§Zr _m§S>bm. g_mOmMr VËdo nwT>rbà_mUo - 1) gd© _mUgo EH$mM B©ídamMr boH$ao AmhoV. A{^foH$ Eg. e|S>o 2) AmB©dS>rbm§Zm àgÞ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Á`mà_mUo _Ü`ñWmMr ~r.Eggr.- 1 JaO ZgVo Ë`mMà_mUo B©ídamMr àmW©Zm H$aÊ`mg nwamo{hVmMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgVo. 3) àË`oH$mbm B©ída ^ŠVr H$aÊ`mMm nyU© A{YH$ma Amho. 4) ì`ŠVrMo loîR>Ëd OÝ_mda Adb§~yZ ZgyZ JwUmda Adb§~yZ AgVo. 2 ñÌr OÝ_m VwPr H$hmZr... AgoM Agbo Va Amåhr _wbtZr Omdo Var Hw$R>o? Am{U KamVyZ ~mhoa {ZKZoM ~§X åhQ>ë`mda {ejU Var H$moRy>Z `oUma? åhUOo AmnU Á`m XoemV amhVmo Vmo Amho ^maV. ^maV Xoe hm nwÝhm {VM n[apñWVr Or n[apñWVr ~XbdÊ`mgmR>r _. \w$bo, H¥${fàYmZ Xoe Amho. hoM `m XoemMo d¡{eîQ>ç. ^maV Xoe gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zr aŠVmMo nmUr Ho$bo nwÝhm {VM n[apñWVr {dH$gZ{eb Xoe Amho. CX²^dUma. åhUOo ~XbmMm hm dVy©i nyU© hmoD$Z gwYmaÊ`mEodOr nydu ^maV XoemV AZoH$ _hmZ ZoVo, g§V_§S>ir hmoD$Z nwÝhm {VWoM `oD$Z Wm§~Uma. Jobr. g§Vm§Mr na§nam bm^bobm ^maV hm EH$_od Agm Xoe Á`m H$mimV \$ŠV nwéfm§ZmM {ejU {_iV hmoVo. ApñVËdmV Amho. hr g§V_§S>ir bmoH$m§da AZoH$ Mm§Jbo g§ñH$ma pñÌ`m§Zm {eH$Ê`mMm A{YH$ma ZìhVm. Ë`m H$mimV Á`mo{Vamd H$éZ Jobobr hmoVr. na§Vy Ë`m§Zr {Xbobo g§ñH$ma, Ë`m§Mr {eH$dU \w$bo `m§Zr Amnbr nËZr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zm {ejrV H$éZ hr \$ŠV H$mhr H$mimnwaVrM _`m©{XV hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr ñÌr-nwéf _wbtgmR>r n{hbr emim H$mT>br ho gdmªZm _m{hVr Amho. Ë`m§À`m g_mZVoMr Or Midi gwé Ho$br hmoVr {VMm àMma-àgma Pmbm H$mimV Va pñÌ`m§Zm Vri^ahr _hÎd ZìhVo. pñÌ`m§Zm Va Iam nU Vmo H$mhr H$mimnwaVmM. H$moUr {H$Vrhr åhQ>b§ H$s `m "H$MamHw§$S>rVrb H$Mam' g_Obo Om`Mo. gVr, A§YlÕm, EH${dgmì`m eVH$m_Ü`o ñÌr Am{U nwéf ho g_mZ AmhoV. Ho$ednU `mgma»`m Mmbr[aVr Voìhm ApñVËdmV hmoË`m. Á`m Ë`m§À`mV H$mhrM \$aH$ Zmhr VargwÕm ~mB© Am{U _mUyg `m§À`mV H$mimV _wbm-_wbtZm b¾ åhUOo H$m` hohr _m{hV Zgm`Mo Or EH$ aoK nydunmgyZ {XgV Ambobr hmoVr Vr AOyZ nyU©nUo BVŠ`m bhmZ d`mV Ë`m§Mo b¾ H$éZ XoV Ago. {dYdm {ddmhmg {_Q>bobr Zmhr. Omon`ªV àË`oH$ nwéf hm pñÌ`m§H$S>o ~KÊ`mMm _mZË`m Zgë`m_wio nVrMo {ZYZ Pmë`mda Ë`m _wbrMo g§nyU© Ë`mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~XbdV Zmhr Vmon`ªV Vr aoK H$mhr g§nUma Am`wî` CÜdñVhmoV Ago. Am{U gVr åhUOo Va \$maM ^`mZH$ Zmhr. na§nam hmoVr. ~mb{ddmh Pmë`mZ§Va g_Om AMmZH$ Oa nVrMo nydu Xoem_Ü`o pñÌ`m§Zm _hÎd ZgyZhr amUr bú_r~mB©, {ZYZ Pmbo Va Ë`mÀ`m nËZrbmgwÕm Ë`mbm Á`m {R>H$mUr A¾r {OOm~mB© `m§gma»`m H$V¥©ËddmZ _{hbm hmoD$Z Joë`m. Am{U {Xbr Om`Mr Ë`mM A¾r_Ü`o CS>r KoD$Z ñdV…Mo àmU Úmdo AmO `m EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV Va ñÌr-nwéf g_mZ AmhoV Ago bmJm`Mo. _J Vr _wbJr {H$Vrhr VéU H$m AgoZm. nU {Vbm gJio åhUV AgyZhr Vr g_mZVm AOyZVar Hw$R>o {Xgbobr Zmhr. nwÝhm b¾ H$aVm `oUma Zmhr. `mCbQ> Oa nËZrMo {ZYZ Pmbo Va Hw$R>o hadbr Hw$Umg R>mD$H$; AmO Xoe BVH$m àJVrnWmda {VMm Zdam _mÌ Iwemb Xþgao, {Vago b¾ H$é eH$Vmo. _J Vmo AgVmZm gwÕm ~hþVoH${R>H$mUr XoemMr _mVm, ~[hU, _wbJr hr {H$Vrhr åhmVmam H$m AgoZm. Ë`mMà_mUo Zdam dmabm H$s AË`mMmambm ~ir nS>VmZm {XgV AmhoV. VéU _wbr Ë`mÀ`m ~m`H$moZo Ho$ednU åhUOo Q>ŠH$b H$am`Mo. OUyH$mhr AË`mMmambm ~ir nSy>Z AmË_hË`m H$aVmZm {XgV AmhoV. {VÀ`m Q>ŠH$b H$aÊ`mZo {VMm Zdam {Od§VM hmoUma Amho. BVŠ`m AmOH$mb dV©_mZnÌm_Ü`o EH$M ~mV_r {XgVo. 80 dfm©À`m {d{MÌ na§nam Ë`m H$mim_Ü`oApñVËdmV hmoË`m. åhmVmè`mZo 10 dfm©À`m _wbrda ~bmËH$ma Ho$bm. KamOdiÀ`m Agmo... `m gd© na§nam H$mimZwgma AmVm ~§X Pmë`m H$mH$mZo 6 dfm©À`m _wbrbm Mm°H$boQ>Mo Am{_f XmIdyZ {VÀ`mda AmhoV. na§Vy AmVm Va `mhrnojm ^`mZH$ na§nam bmoH$m§Zr gwé ~bmËH$ma Ho$bm. dm! H$m` ~mV_r Amho. `m bmoH$m§Zm Amnë`m Ho$bobr {XgV Amho. Vr åhUOo ñÌr-^¥UhË`m. J^m©VM _wbrMm _wbr. ZmVrgma»`m AgUmè`m ñÌr`m§gmo~V Ago H$am`bm bmO A§V H$aVmV. _mÂ`m _Vo `mMo EH$M H$maU Agy eH$Vo. Vo åhUOo H$er dmQ>V Zmhr? ho Oa AgoM gwé am{hbo Va EH$ {Xdg _wbrÀ`m b¾mV OmñV IM© bmJVmo. Ago ~hþVoH$OUm§Mo _V dV©_mZnÌmV Ago `oÊ`mV H${hM e§H$m Zmhr H$s ~mnmZo _wbrda AgVo. _J H$m` _wbmÀ`m b¾mbm IM© `oV Zmhr H$m? _wbmMo AË`mMma Ho$bm. ^mdmZo ~{hUrda AË`mMma Ho$bm. _J H$m` b¾ \w$H$Q>mV hmoVo H$m? CbQ> _wbrnojm Va _wbmÀ`mM Anojm Amåhm§ _wbtZm KamVM amhVm `oUma Zmhr. Ioim~mJS>m`À`m OmñV AgVmV. b¾mV KmoS>m nm{hOo, S>r.Oo. nm{hOo BË`mXr... d`mV {M_wH$ë`m _wbtZm ~mhoa IoimV `oUma Zmhr. _J Am_Mo EHo$H$mir hþ§S>çmMr gwÕm na§nam hmoVr. hþ§S>måhUOo AgVo Var AmB©dS>rb Amåhmbm KamV EH$m ~§X ImobrV H$m|Sy>Z R>odVrb. ho H$m`? ZwgVm n¡gm. hr bmoH§$ hþ§S>mKoV Var H$embm AgVrb? Vmo 3 hþ§S>çm§Mmn¡gm Ë`m§Zm Am`wî`^a Va nwam`Mm am{hbm Zmhr. Am{U `wdH$m§Mo àoaUmñÌ moV - ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X Amnë`m _wbrbm J^m©VM _maVmZm Vr AmB© ho H$g§ {dgaVo H$s VrgwÕm EH$ ñÌrM Amho. AmVm gaH$maZo ñÌr-^¥UhË`m ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X `m§Mm OÝ_ 12 OmZodmar 1863 amoOr Wm§~dÊ`mgmR>r H$m`Xm Ho$bobm Amho H$s Omo S>m°ŠQ>a ho H$m_ H$aob H$bH$Ë`mVrb {g_bmn„r `oWo Pmbm. Ë`m§Mo nyU© Zmd Za|Ð Ë`mZm AQ>H$ H$am`Mr. na§Vy bmoH$ n¡emMo BVHo$ bmo^r AgVmV {dídZmW XÎm Ago hmoVo. Ë`m§M dS>rb {dídZmW XÎm H$bH$Îmm H$s S>m°ŠQ>abm WmoS>o n¡go XmIdbo H$s Vmo ho H$m_ H$am`bm _mJonwT>o CÀM Ý`m`mb`mV (dH$sb) A°Q>Zu hmoVo. Vo gm_m{OH$ Am{U nmhmV Zmhr. _J Vmo {H$Vrhr gw{ejrV S>m°ŠQ>a Agmo. Vr S>m°ŠQ>a ~mB© Agob Varhr Ë`mV Iwemb gm_rb AgVo. Ym{_©H$ ~m~VrV nwamoJm_r {dMmam§Mo Am{U X`miy ñd^mdmMo bmoH$ åhUVmV H$s nydu ñÌr \$ŠV "Mwb Am{U _wb' hmoVo. AmB© ^wdZoídar Xodr Ë`m Ym{_©H$ d¥ÎmrÀ`m hmoË`m. `mgmR>rM OÝ_bobr hmoVr. nU AmVmhr `mnojm H$mhr doJio Za|ÐZmWmÀ`m {dMmagaUrbm AmH$ma XoÊ`mV Ë`m§À`m nmbH$m§Mm Zmhr. _wbJm åhUo "d§emMm {Xdm' Va _wbJr åhUOo dmQ>m hmoVm. Za|ÐZmWmbm Xe©ZemñÌ, B{Vhmg, g_mOemñÌ, "H$MamnoQ>rVbm H$Mam' Am{U bmoH$m§Zm hr EH$ {d{MÌM gd` H$bm, gm{hË` XË`mXr AZoH$ {df`m§V éMr hmoVr. doX, Cn{ZfXo, Amho. _wbmMm OÝ_ Pmbm Va "noT>o' dmQ>VmV Am{U _wbJr Pmbr am_m`U, _hm^maV, ^mJdX²JrVm AmXr Ym{_©H$ gm{hË`mV Ë`mZo Va "{Obo~r'. H$maU H$m` Va Vr ñdñV AgVo Z§! _wbJm hm {deof AmdS> XmI{dbr. Ë`m§Zm emñÌr` g§JrVmMr XoIrb OmU d§emMm {Xdm AgVmo _J hm d§emMm {Xdm _moR>m Pmë`mda AmB© hmoVr. Am{U Ë`m§Zr ~oZr JwßVm Am{U Ah_X ImZ `m d{S>bm§Zm bmW _méZ Kam~mhoa H$m Zmhr H$mT>V VarnU Vmo CñVmXm§H$Sy>Z Jm`Z d dmXZmMo {ejUhr KoVbo hmoVo. Za|ÐZmWm Mm§JbmM AgVmo. bmoH$ Zoh_r ho H$m {dgaV AgVrb H$s _wbJm {H$emoadñWonmgyZM ì`m`m_, Ioi AmXr CnH«$_m§_Ü`o gH«$s` Oa d§emMm {Xdm Agob Va _wbJr hr Ë`m {Xì`mMr Á`moV AgVo. gh^mJ KoB©. A§YlÕm Am{U OmVr^oX `m{df`r Ë`m§Zm bhmZ Am{U Á`mo{V{edm` {Xdm OiUma Var H$gm? _wbJm Oa noT>m d`mVM àíZ CnpñWV Ho$bo hmoVo Am{U gmamgma {dMma Am{U Agob Va _wbJr Ë`m noT>`mVrb JmoS>dm AgVo. AmO Oar ñÌr àË`oH$ joÌmV nwéfm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm ì`dhmar Ñï>rH$moZ `m§Mm AmYma Zgbobr Hw$R>brhr Jmoï> bmdyZ H$m_ H$aV Agbr VargwÕm Vr AOyZhr nyU©nUo ñdV§Ì ñdrH$maÊ`mV ZH$ma {Xbm. Ë`m§Mo {_Ì Ë`m§Zm "{~bo' `m ZmdmZo Pmbr Zmhr. AOyZhr Vr Hw$R>oVar ~m§YbobrM Amho. na§Vy Oa hmH$ _maV Va Ë`m§Mo Jwé "ZmoaoZ' `m eãXmZo. Ë`m§Zm dmMZ, XoemVrb gJù`m nwéfm§Zr `m n[adV©Zmbm gwédmV Ho$br Va ì`m`m_, Hw$ñVr, _w{ï>`wÕ, nmohUo, hmoS>r dëhdUo, KmoS>oñdmar, Z¸$sM pñÌ`m§Zm g_mZ A{YH$ma {_iob d hm ^maV Xoe Z¸$sM bmR>r`wÕ, Jm`Z Am{U dmXZ B. N>§X hmoVo. {dH${gV hmoD$Z OJmV n{hbm Z§~a {_idob. AÝ`Wm AmO Za|ÐZmWm§Zr Amnë`m KarM {ejUmMr gwédmV Ho$br. pñÌ`m§Zm 50 H$m` 75 Q>¸o$ AmajU Oar {_imbo VargwÕm Ë`mMm Z§Va Ë`m§Zr 1871 gmbr B©ídaM§Ð {dÚmgmJa `m§À`m H$mhrhr Cn`moJ hmoUma Zmhr. n[apñWVr ~Xbm`Mr Agob Va _oQ´>monm°{bQ>Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyeZ_Ü`o àdoe KoVbm Am{U Vo 1879 àË`oH$ ì`ŠVrbm ~XbUo JaOoMo Amho. àË`oH$mZo Amnbm _Ü`oào{gS>oÝgr H$m°boOMr àdoe narjm CÎmrU© Pmbo. H$mhr {Xdg Ñï>rH$moZ ~XbUo \$ma _hÎdmMo Amho. `m g§ñWoV am{hë`mZ§Va nwT>o Ë`m§Zr OZab AgoåãbrO BpÝñQ>Q>çweZ_Ü`o àdoe KoVbm. `oWo Ë`m§Zr VH©$emgÌ, nmíMmÎm Hw$. Ad§Vr AZ§V ^mo`a VÎdkmZ Am{U `wamonMm B{Vhmg `m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm. 1881 gmbr Vo \$mB©Z AmQ>©Mr Am{U 1884 _Ü`o ~r.E. CÎmrU© Pmbo. ~r.Eggr. - 1 Za|ÐZmWm§Zr S>opìhS> øy_, B_°Ý`wamb H$mÝQ>, Jmo{Îmbo~ {\$Ëeo, ~méM pñnZmoPm, Om°O© hoJob, AmW©a emonoZhm`a, Am°JñQ> H$moåQ>, h~©Q>© ñnoÝga, Om°Z ñQw>Ag© {_b Am{U Mmëg© S>m{d©Z B. 4 {dMmad§Vm§À`m boIZmMm Aä`mg Ho$bm hmoVm. H$m_mgmR>r doi Úm, H$maU Vr `emMr qH$_V Amho. gZ 1882 _Ü`o Ë`m§Mm n[aM` am_H¥$îU na_h§g {dMmamgmR>r doi Úm, H$maU Vo eŠVrMo CJ_ñWmZ `m§À`mer Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m OrdZmbm doJioM diU Amho. {_imbo. Vo nwT>o am_H¥$îU na_h§g `m§Mo nÔ{eî` ~Zbo. am_H¥$îU IoiÊ`mgmR>r doi Úm, H$maU Vo VméÊ`mMoJwnrV Amho. na_h§g `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr d¡{XH$ kmZmMo d `moJ{dÚoMo {ejY dmMÊ`mgmR>r doi Úm, H$maU Vmo kmZmMm nm`m Amho KoVbro. `moJgmYZoÛmao na_oída àmßVr hmoVo, `mda Ë`m§Mr {ZVm§V ñdV…gmR>rdoi Úm, H$maU AmnU AmhmoV Va OJ Amho lÕm hmoVr. am_H¥$îU na_h§gm§Zr Ë`m§Mo Zmd ~XbyZ {ddoH$m§ZX Am{U Ago R>odbo. A{Ve` _hÎdmMo åhUOo Xþgè`m§gmR>rdoi Úm, H$maU 11 gßQ>|~a 1893 amoOr A_o[aHo$Vrb {eH$mJmo Vo ZgVrb Va Amnë`m AgÊ`mbm H$mhrM AW© Zmhr. ehamVrb [eH$mJmo AmQ>© BpÝñQ>Q>`yQ> `oWo gd©Y_u` n[afX ^abr hmoVr. gwédmVrg WmoS>o Zìh©g AgyZ XoIrb Ë`m§Zr "A_o[aHo$Vrb `m g^oV doXm§da AmYm[aV {Xboë`m ^mfUm_wio ñdm_r _mÂ`m ~§Yy Am{U ^{JZtZmo....' Aer ^mfUmg gwédmV Ho$br {ddoH$mZ§X OJ^a à{g{Õbm Ambo. qhXÿY_m©Vrb OZVobm Am{U gmV ghñÌ O_mdmZo Q>mù`m§À`m àM§S> H$S>H$S>mQ> Ho$bm, ì`mnH$ {dídY_m©Mm g§Xoe XoUo, qhXÿY_m©Vrb AÛ¡VVÎdkmZmMo Omo XmoZ {_{ZQ>o AI§S> Mmby hmoVm."{OZo OJmbm g{hîUwVm Am{U loð>Ëd bmoH$m§Zm nQ>dyZ XoUo, qhXÿY_m©À`m Iè`m VÎdkmZmMr d¡pídH$VHo$Mm ñdrH$ma H$aÊ`mMr {eH$dU {Xbr Amho, Aem AmoiI OJmbm nQ>dyZ XoUo `m CÔoemZo ào[aV hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr gZ gdm©V àmMrZ AgUmè`m g§Ý`mem§À`m d¡{XH$ na§naoÀ`m d{VZo _r 1896 _Ü`o "am_H¥$îU {_eZ' Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. Ë`m§Mm OmJVrb Zd{Z{_©V amîQ´>m§Mo ñdmJV H$aVmo.....' `m eãXm§V Ë`m§Zr OÝ_{Xdg "amï´>r` `wdH$ {XZ' åhUZ nmibm OmVmo. 1902 _Ü`o Amnbo ì`m»`mZ nwT>o Mmby Ho$bo. Ë`m§Zr \$maM gw§Xa dŠV¥Ëd H$éZ Vo g_m{YñV Pmbo. AmO H$Ý`mHw$_mar `oWo Ë`m§Mo ^ì` ñ_maH$ A_o[aH$Z ZmJ[aH$m§Mr _Zo qOH$br. Amnë`m ì`m»`mZmV OUy Amho. Ë`m§Zr {dídY_© n[afXoMo àmUVÎM {deX Ho$bo. H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr Amnë`m {dMmam§Zr Ë`m§Zr A_o[aHo$Vrb d¥ÎmnÌm§Mo bj doYyZ Hw$. àmOŠVm Jw. MmonS>o KoVbo. `m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr ñdm_rOtMo dU©Z "^maVmVyZ Ambobm EH$ ~r.H$m°_. - 2 (B§J«Or) dmXir ì`pŠV_ËdmMm g§Ý`mgr Ago Ho$bo.' "Ý`y`mH©$ {H«${Q>H$' Zo Ë`m§À`m~Ôb {b{hbo Amho H$s, "Vo X¡dr dŠV¥ËdmMo YZr Va AmhoVM, na§Vw Ë`m§Mo YraJ§^ra CX²JmaXoIrb Ë`m§À`m H$mfm` dñÌmV emo^yZ {XgUmè`m VoOñdr _wI_§S>bmhÿZH$mhr H$_r AmH$f©H$ ZmhrV.' "doXm§V Am{U `moJ' `m {df`mda Ë`m§Zr A_o[aH$m, B§½b§S> Am{U BVa H$mhr `wamonmVrb Xoem§_Ü`o Omhra VgoM ImOJr ì`m»`mZo {Xbr. "{df H$m` Amho?' Agm àíZ {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zm {dMmaÊ`mV Ambm, Voìhm Ë`m§Zr Iyn N>mZ CÎma {Xbo. "OrdZmV H$moUVrhr Jmoï> JaOonojm OmñV {_imbr H$s Vo {df ~ZVo'. _J Vr VmH$X Agmo, Jd© Agmo, n¡gm Ago, ^yH$ Agmo. OrdZmV AmZ§XmZo OJmd`mMo Agob Va - 5 ^maVr` g¡{ZH$ EH$Xm \$m¡Or Kar Ambo H$s AmnU Ë`m§Zm Iwn N>mZ OodZ H$am`bm XoD$, Ë`m§À`mer Jßnm _mé, Ë`m§À`mer Ioiy. \$m¡Orbm ^maVr` g¡{ZH$ åhUOo ^maV _mVoMo ajU H$aUmao Ag dmQ>V H$s AmnU Amnë`m ~m~mMm S>moŠ`mdaMm ^ma ì`ŠVr. Vo gdmªMo ajU H$aV AgVmV H$maU Vo ñdV…gmR>rH$_r gm§^miy, ^mD$-~{hUrMm AmYma ~Zy, _wbmgmo~V Iyn _Om OJVmV Va Xþgè`m§gmR>rOmñV OJV AgVmV. XoemM ajU H$aV H$am`Mr Ag Ë`m§Zm gVV dmQ>V AgVo. AgVm§Zm Ë`m§Mm doi H$gm OmVmo ho Ë`m§Zm _m{hVr ZgVo H$maU Vo Ooìhm g¡{ZH$ aOm g§nyZ nwÝhm OmVmo VoìhmKma EH$X_ Ë`mÀ`m H$m_mV Iwn _¾ AgVmV. Vo Ë`m§M H$V©ì` àm_m{UH$nUo em§V hmoD$Z OmVo. H$maU Ooìhm Vmo Kar AgVmo Voìhm KaM d nwU© {Zð>oZo H$aVmV. g¡{ZH$m§À`m OrdZmV g¡{ZH$m§À`m dmVmdaU Iwn àgÞ AgVo Am{U Om`À`mdoir Iwn em§VVoM n[admamMm gdm©V _moR>m dmQ>m AgVmo. g¡{ZH$m_Ü`oOr {OÔ AgVo dmVmdaU AgVo. gJù`m§À`m S>moù`mV Alw AgVmV. Alw ^maV _mVoÀ`m ajUmMr VrM {OÔ Ë`mÀ`m n[admam_Ü`o XoIrb Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mV XoIrb AgVmV nU Vo XmIdV ZgVmV. Am{U AgVo. AmO g¡{ZH$ gr_oda AgVmo åhUyZ AmnU Amnë`m Kar OmVmZm Vo EH$ dmŠ` Zoh_r åhUVmV "_r bdH$a naV `oB©b' gwImZo amhÿeH$Vmo, em§VVoZo Pmony eH$Vmo. Am{U {ZKyZ OmVmV. bîH$amV OmÊ`mgmR>r ^anya _ohZV ¿`mdr bmJVo. nU H$Yr g¡{ZH$ XoemM ajU H$aV AgVm§Zm ehrX Ë`mMà_mUo {OÔ Xo{Ib Agmdr bmJVo. Am{U doiàg§Jr XoIrb hmoVmo. Ooìhm Ë`mbm Jmoir bmJVo Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m XoemgmR>r ~{bXmZ XoÊ`mMr V`mar XoIrb Agmdr bmJVo. Voìhm S>moù`mg_moa n[adma C^m AgVmo. H$maU Kar gJio Ë`mMr Iyn Hw$R>o Ë`mbm \$m¡Or åhQ>ë`m OmVo. Am{U AmO AmnU ~KVmo H$s AmVwaVoZo dmQ> nmhV AgVo. g_moa ajm~§YZ Ambob AgV nU AmOH$mbÀ`m VéUmB©V Agë`m Jmoï>r H$mhr à_mUmVM Ë`mbm ~{hUrÀ`m hmVMr amIr XoIrb ~m§YVm `oV Zmhr. Ë`mbm OmUdVmV. EH$sH$S>o 18 dfu` VéU ào_mV nSy>Z _m¡O_Om H$aV Ë`mÀ`m KaÀ`m§gmo~V \$moZda ~mobVm gwÕm `oV Zmhr. Amnbm AgVmo Va XþgarH$S>o18 dfu` VéU XoemÀ`m ajUmgmR>r ehrX _wbJm ehrX Pmbm ho Ooìhm Ë`mÀ`m KaÀ`m§Zm H$iVo Voìhm Xo{Ib hmoV Amho. Ë`mÀ`m KamÀ`mg_moa Ë`mMm Moham C^m hmoD$Z OmVo. Ë`m§M Xw…I EH$m g¡{ZH$mMo OrdZ åhUOo Ë`mbm n[admamnmgyZ, EdT> Vrd« AgV H$s AmnU Ë`mMr H$ënZm Xo{Ib H$é eH$V {_ÌmnmgyZ Xþaahmdo bmJVo. Ë`m§Zm Xþgè`mgmaIOJVm `oV Zmhr. Zmhr. Vo Xþ…IEdT> ^`mZH$ AgV Ajae…A§Jmda H$mQ>o `oVmV. EH$m \$m¡OrMm g§gma hm MmaMm¡Km§gmaIm ZgVmo. Ë`mbm KaÀ`m§Zm g¡{ZH$m§Mm Q´>oqZJ {naoS> Iwn H$R>rU AgVmo. Ë`m§Zm Iwn ^anya à_mUmV doi XoVm `oV Zmhr. H$maU Ë`mÀ`m Im§Úmda EH$m _ohZV H$amdMr bmJVo. bîH$amV Iwn gŠVrM dmVmdaU AgVo. n[admamMr {Oå_oXmar ZgyZ g§nyU© XoemMr O~m~Xmar AgVo. Ë`m§Mr {eñV Iwn H$S>H$ AgVo. EH$mZo IwH$ Ho$br Agbr Va H$maU Ë`mZr enW{dYr _Ü`o ^maV _mVoÀ`m ajUmMr enW Ë`mbmM {ejm Z XoVm gdmªZm {ejm {Xbr OmVo. Ë`m_wio nwÝhm KoVbobr AgVo. Aer MwH$ hmoV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m§V EH$Vm \$ma à_mUmV EH$m g¡{ZH$mÀ`m OrdZmV aOobm \$ma _hËd AgVo. OmUdVo. g¡{ZH$m§Mr ^anya à_mUmV H$miOr KoVbr OmVo. H$maU Vo ^anya {Xdg Kam~mhoa Agë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm Kar Om`bm Amnë`m XoemV Hw$R>o ^wH§$n Ambm, Va Hw$R>o _hmnya {_iVo `mMm Ë`m§Zm ^anya AmZ§X hmoV AgVmo. Vo Iwn Iwf Ambm Va Hw$R>o H$mhr ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Va gdm©V AmYr _XVrgmR>r AgVmV. AmnU Kar Joë`mZ§Va H$m`-H$m` H$é `mMr Vo `moOZm YmD$Z `oVo Vo g¡Ý`. `mgmR>r g¡Ý`mbmM ~mobmdb OmV H$maU H$aV AgVmV. _bm gwÅ>r {_imbr Ag§ Vo Kar gm§JVmV Voìhm gdmªZm {dídmg AgVmo H$s Vo Amnbr _XV H$aUma _J AmnU Ë`m§À`m KaÀ`m§Zm Iwn AmZ§X hmoVmo. Á`m {Xder g¡{ZH$ Kar gd© Xþ…ImÀ`mdoir g¡Ý`mbm~mobmdVmo Va gwImÀ`m jUr AmnU `oUma AgVmo Ë`m {XdgmMr Iwn AmVwaVoZo dmQ> nmhV AgVo. Ë`m§Zm H$m ~mobmdV Zmhr? Amnë`mH$S>o EImÚm H$m`m©H«$_mMo AmB©-~m~m, ^mD$-~hrU, ~m`H$mo-_wb `mZm Ag§ dmQ>V H$s AÜ`j VgoM à_wI nmhþUoåhUyZ, EImÚm gwnañQ>ma qH$dm

6 Zm_m§{H$V ì`ŠVrbm ~mobmdVmo Ag H$m§? g¡{ZH$mbm dmQ>V H$s Xoem§VJ©V em§VVm _hÎdmMr Amnë`mbm XoIrb OJmV ñWmZ Agmo. ho Ë`m§M åhUZ `mo½` Amho. Ë`mgmR>r AmnU Hw$R>bm ew^ma§^ Ë`m§À`m hñVo H$am`bm nwbdm_m `oWo grAmanrE\$À`m OdmZm§À`m Vmâ`mdarb nm{hOo. H$Yr ÜdOmamohU XoIrb Ë`m§À`m hñVo H$amdm Am{U ho XheVdmXr hëbm Pmë`mZ§Va Xoe^a emoH$g§VßV dmVmdaU `mo½`Amho H$maU Ë`mM§ ~{bXmZ ho gdm©nojm loð> AgV H$maU Vo Amho. Am{U {R>H${R>H$mUr Ë`mÀ`m à{V{H«$`m C_Q>V AmhoV. XoemgmR>r {OdmM§ ~{bXmZ XoVmV. Xoemda EdT>m _moR>m hëbm Pmë`mZ§Va àË`oH$ ^maVr`m§À`m g¡{ZH$ H$YrM Hw$Umer dmB©Q>nUo dmJV ZgVmo. H$maU ^mdZm Vrd« ñdénmÀ`mM Agy eH$VmV. Am{U Ë`m Agm`bmM Ë`m§Zm gJù`m§er Z_«VoZo dmJm`bm {eH$db AgV. Ë`m§À`mM hì`mV. ^mdZm Vrd« AgUo åhUOo KS>boë`m KQ>ZoMo A{Vd Xþ…I hmoUo Am{U Ë`mMdoir hëboImoam§Mm g§Vmn `oUo. gJù`m§ZmM dmJÊ`mV gä`Vm OmUdVo. g¡{ZH$m§Zm H$m_mMm ì`mn \$ma _moR>çm gJù`m ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aVm `oVmV Ago Zmhr. g§Vmn Va à_mUmV AgVmo. g¡{ZH$m§Zm gwÅ>r {_iVo nU Ë`m§Zm H$Yr AZoH$m§À`m AmVë`m AmVM bmìhmagmgmaIm IXIXV AgVmo. ~mobdÊ`mV `oB©b `mMr ImÌr XoIrb ZgVo. g¡{ZH$m§M OrdZ ho AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV AZoH$OU gmoeb {_S>r`mda g§Vmnmbm Iwn H$ï>mM d _ohZVrM AgV§. dmQ> H$éZ XoVmV. H$mhtZm {Q>ìhrÀ`m ~y_g_moa g§Yr {_iV AgVo. AmYrÀ`m H$mimV d¥ÎmnÌm§Vrb dmMH$m§À`m Hw$. n„drA. H$Qw>H$mio nÌì`dhmam_Ü`o nÌ {bhÿZ^mdZm ì`ŠV H$aUmar g§doXZerb _mUgohr hmoVr, Am{U {ddoH$mZo dmJUmè`m _mUgm§Mo R>abobo _mJ© ~r.H$m°_. - 1 (B§J«Or) AgVmV. Ë`mZwgma Vo à{V{H«$`m ì`ŠV H$arV AgV. _mÜ`_o ~Xbbr Vem ì`ŠV hmoUmè`m nÕVr ~Xbë`m. ^mfm ~Xbbr. gaH$ma em§VVoMr ~mobUr H$arV Agob Var d¥Îmdm{hÝ`m§À`m nS>Úmda `wÕgÑí` dmVmdaU AgVo, Ë`m_wio {VWo VemM à{V{H«$`m àmYmÝ`mZo XmIdë`m OmVmV. `m empãXH$ à{V{H«$`m§~amo~aM {R>H${R>H$mUr bmoH$ doJù`m _mJm©Zo à{V{H«$`m ì`ŠV H$aVmZm {XgVmhoV. Hw$R>o {ZXe©Zo gwé AmhoV; Hw$R>o hþVmË_m OdmZm§Zm AmXam§ObrMo H$m`©H«$_ Am`mo{OV Ho$bo OmV AmhoV. H$mhr {R>H$mUr amñVm amoH$mo Am{U aoëdo amoH$mgmaIr Am§XmobZohr Pmbr. gm_mÝ` _mUgm§À`m nmVirdaÀ`m `m gJù`m àH$maÀ`m à{V{H«$`m ñdm^m{dH$ AmhoV, H$maU KQ>ZoZo {Xboë`m A{^ì`ŠVr ñdmV§Í`mZwgma àË`oH$mZo Amnbm _mJ© {ZdS>bm Amho. na§Vw ho gJù`mM _mJmªMo g_W©Z H$aUo AmOÀ`m KS>rbm YmoH$mXm`H$ Amho. J¥h_§Ìr amOZmW qgJ `m§Zr Oå_y-H$mpí_a_Ü`o ^oQ> {Xë`mZ§Va åhQ>bo hmoVo H$s, `m H$mimV Xoem§VJ©V gm_m{OH$ ñdmñW {~KS>Uma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMr JaO Amho. añË`mda CVéZ Am§XmobZo H$aUmao Am{U gmoeb {_S>r`mda amï´>^ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmImbr {edaminUm H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm Ë`mMo ^mZ Amho, Ago åhUmV `oUma Zmhr. KS>boë`m KQ>Zo_mJo nm{H$ñVmZMm hmV Amho, hohr Iao Amho. na§Vw nm{H$ñVmZ {damoYVbm g§Vmn BWo añË`mda, aoëdo éim§da ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mV ehmUnUm Zmhr. g§doXZerb H$mimMm \$m`Xm KoD$Z Ho$bobr 7 hþëbS>~mOrAgoM Ë`mbm åhUVm `oB©b. hþëbS>~mOrH$éZ ~m~m Am_Q>o `m§Mo ì`pŠ V_Îd OZOrdZ {dñH$irV H$éZ Am{U ì`dhma ~§X H$éZ XoerŠVr {gÕ hmoV ZgVo. EdT>r _moR>r KQ>Zm KS>br AgVmZmhr ^mOZMo g_mOgodr ~m~m Am_Q>o `m§Mo OrdZM[aÌ. _wabrYa AÜ`j A{_V ehm `m§Zr Omhra g^m KoVbrM Am{U n§VàYmZ Xo{dXmg Am_Q>o `m§ZmM bmoH$ ~m~m Am_Q>o åhUyZ AmoiIVmV. ho Za|Ð _moXtZrhr Amnbo gJio {Z`moOrV H$m`©H«$_ ZrQ> gwé R>odbo AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m{déÕ H$moUmbm g§Vmn ì`ŠV H$amdm Ago dmQ>V _hmamï´>mMo EH$ Wmoa gwnwÌ AgyZ ^maVmVrb gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vm© Agob Va Ë`mMmhr _mJ© bmoH$em{hZo AmIyZ {Xbm Amho. hmoVo. {deofV… Hw$ð>amo½`m§Mr godm d JmoaJ[a~m§Mr ì`Wm EHy$Z Ë`m_wio g§Vmn gaH$ma{déÕ ì`ŠV H$am`Mm Agob qH$dm Ë`m§Zm _XVrMm hmV XoUmao EH$ Wmoa gH«$s` gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vm© XheVdmXr Am{U Ë`m§À`m nwañH$Ë`m© nm{H$ñVmZ {damoYmV ì`ŠV hmoVo. J[a~m§À`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Zoh_rM gH$mamË_H$ H$am`dm Agob Var Vmo H$aVmZm {ddoH$ _hÎdmMm Amho. Á`m§Zm ^w{_H$m KoVbr. ~m~m Am_Q>o `m§Mm OÝ_ 26 {S>g|~a 1914 amoOr amOH$maU H$am`Mo AgVo Am{U {~KS>boë`m dmVmdaUmMm dYm© {OëømVrb qhJUKmQ> ehamV Pmbm. Ë`m§À`m dS>rbm§Mo \$m`Xm KodyZ amOH$s` nmoir ^mOyZ ¿`m`Mr AgVo Ë`m§Zm Agbo Zmd Xo{dXmg Am_Q>o d AmB©Mo Zmd bú_r~mB© Am_Q>o hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo H$mhr nQ>V ZgVo. {edgoZoMo njà_wI CÕd R>mH$ao `m§Zr åhQ>bo dS>rb _moR>o gmdH$ma hmoVo. Kar g§nÎmrMm A§~ma hmoVm. ~mbnUrM Amho H$s, nm{H$ñVmZ_Ü`o KwgyZ ~Xbm ¿`m`bm nm{hOo. hrM _wabrYa `m§Mo Q>monU Zmd "~m~m' R>odbo Jobo hmoVo. ~mbnZmnmgyZ ^mfm 2014 À`m AmYr AmVm n§VàYmZ Agbobo Za|Ð _moXr ~m~m \$ma X`miy hmoVo. Jar~m§Mo Xþ…IË`mZm Agø ìhm`Mo. ~mobV hmoVo Am{U Q>mù`m KoV hmoVo. gÎmoV AgUmè`m§Zm {damoYH$m§gmaIo ~oO~m~Xma dmJV `oV Zmhr. XþX£dmZoCÕd R>mH$ao n[admamMo Vo EH$bwVo EH$ AnË` hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo \$ma bmS> `m§Mm nj gÎmoVhr Amho. na§Vw gÎmoMr H$moUVrhr O~m~Xmar Ë`m§Zm ìhm`Mo, d`mÀ`m 14 ì`m dfu ~§XÿH$sZo~m~m N>moQ>çm _moR>çm ZH$mo Amho. Am{U ^{dî`mVhr Vo XoemÀ`m gÎmoÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr O§Jbr àmÊ`m§Mr {eH$ma H$am`Mo. Ooìhm Vo 18 dfm©Mo Pmbo Ë`m§Zm `oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr H$mhrhr ~mobbo Var d{S>bm§Zr EH$ A°å~o{gS>a JmS>r ^oQ> {Xbr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm ImbÀ`m MmbVo. n§VàYmZ _moXr `m§Zmhr N>ßnZ B§MmMr ~T>mB© _mJo R>odyZ OmVrÀ`m _wbm§gmo~V IoiÊ`mg H$YrM _ZmB© Ho$br Jobr Zmhr. qH$dm Amnbo Ooåg ~m±S> A{OV S>modb `m§Zm ~mOwbm R>odyZ ñdV…~m~m§Zmhr OmVr ì`dñWm _mÝ` ZìhVr. embo` {ejU nyU© bîH$ambm gdm©{YH$ma {Xë`mMo gm§Jmdo bmJbo. `wÕmgmR>r AmVwa Ho$ë`mda Ë`m§Zr dYm© `oWyZ H$m`ÚmMo _hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejU nyU© Pmboë`m gd©^m{fH$ d¥Îmdm{hÝ`m§À`md¥Îm{ZdoXH$m§Zr Joë`m Mma Ho$bo. _hmË_m Jm§Yr Ooìhm dÜ`m©VgodmJ«m_ `oWo Ambo hmoVo VoWo Vo {Xdgm§V H$mhr eoH$S>m doim H|$ÐmVrb _§Í`mZm Am{U ^mOnÀ`m Jm§YrOtZm ^oQ>bo. Ë`mÀ`m _Zmda `mMm \$ma à^md nS>bm. ZoË`m§Zm g{O©H$b ñQ´>mB©H$ H$Yr H$aUma qH$dm ~Xbm H$Yr KoUma nwT>o Ë`m§Zr ^maVr` ñdmV§Í` bT>çmV gH«$s` gh^mJ Ago àíZ {dMmabo AgVrb. na§Vw nm{H$ñVmZÀ`m OJmÀ`m ZH$memdéZ {_Q>dyZ Q>mH$Ê`mMr ^mfm nmM dfm©nydu ~mobUmè`m Xe©{dVm Ë`m§Zr Jm§YrOrÀ`m ImXr ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m Ma»`mMm EH$mZohr Ë`mMo R>mog CÎma {Xbobo Zmhr. `mdéZ gÎmmYmè`m§Mr pñdH$ma Ho$bm d ImXr H$nS>oM Kmbm`Mo R>a{dbo. AZoH$ JmoMr bjmV `ody eH$Vo. ZoË`m§À`m Vwé§Jdmgm Xaå`mZ Ë`m§Mr H$m`ÚmMr ~mOy ~m~m XheVdmÚm§Zm, Ë`m§Zm Aml` XoUmè`m§Zm Am{U nmqR>~m gm§^miV. Jm§YrOtZr Ë`m§Mo A^` gmYH$ Ago Zm_H$aU Ho$bo XoUmè`m§Zm YS>m {eH$dmdm Aer àË`oH$ ^maVr`mMr BÀN>m Amho. hmoVo. Ë`mH$mimV Hw$ð>amoJ g_mOmV \$ma VoOrZo ngaV Mmbbm na§Vw H${WV amï´>^ŠVm§Zr {H$Vrhr ~T>m`m _maë`m Var em§VVoMm hmoVm. AZoH$ bmoH$ `m amoJm_wio ~mYrV Pmbo hmoVo. `m_wio Vo AmJ«h YaUo Am{U gaH$maÀ`m nm{R>er EH$_wImZo C^o amhUo hrM gm_mÝ` OrdZmnmgyZI Zmhr Va, Ë`m§Mo Hw$Qy>§~hr Hw$ð> amo½`m§Zm Iar Xoe^ŠVr Amho. Ë`mJ H$éZ Kam~mhoa H$mTy> bmJbo hmoVo. Hw$ð>amoJ nmnr _mUgmMr {ZemZr ~Zbr hmoVr. g_mOmV Ë`m§Zm \$maM {hZ ^mdZoMm gm_Zm ew^_ km. ~mbnm§S>o H$amdm bmJV hmoVm. ~m~m§Zr AemM {ZamYma bmoH$m§Mr godm H$am`Mo R>a{dbo. bmoH$m§Zm Vo `m AmOmam~Ôb OmJéH$ H$éZ ~r.E. - 2 8 `mMr bjUo d à{V~§Y H$gm H$am`Mm, `mMrhr _m{hVr XoV. _wbm§gmR>r emim Amho. AmOhr AmZ§XdZ Aml_mV Odinmg Hw$ð>amo½`m§Zm `mo½` gm_m{OH$ ñWmZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr 5000 bmoH$ amhVmV. _hmamï´>mVrb AmZ§XdZ gm_m{OH$ {dH$mg Amnbr H§$~a H$gbr. Ë`m§Zr 15 Am°JñQ> 1949 amoOr _hmamï´>mV àH$ën AmO OJmV àe§goMo nmÌ R>abo Amho. AmZ§XdZmV ~m~m§Zr VrZ Aml_m§Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Zr Z§XZdZ ho Zmd Hw$ð>amoJtÀ`m CnMmamgmR>r gmo_ZmW d AemoH$dZ Aml_ ñWmnZ {Xbo. `oWo Hw$ð>amo½`m§À`m amhÊ`mMr d CnMmamMr gmo` CnbãY Ho$bo hmoVo. hmoVr. Ë`mgmo~V Ë`m§Zm amoOJmamMr gmo`hr CnbãY H$éZ {Xbr. ""_r EH$ _hmZ ZoVm ~ZÊ`mgmR>r H$m_ H$arV Zmhr. Va 1973 gmbr JS>{Mamobr {OëømVrb _m{S>`m Jm|S> _r JaOw JmoaJ[a~m§Mr _XV H$é BpÀN>Vmo'' O_mVrÀ`m Am{Xdmgr g_wXm`m§Zm g§KQ>rV H$éZ Ë`m§Zr bmoH$ ""`m g§gmamVrb H$mhr bmoH$ ñdV…gmR>r OJVmV. Va {~amXar àH$ën ñWmnZ Ho$bm. ~m~m Am_Q>o ho Amnë`m OrdZm H$mhr XoemgmR>r Amnbo gd©ñd An©U H$aVmV. H$mhr bmoH$ AIoan`ªV gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©V _¾ hmoVo. gm_m{OH$ EH$Vm d g_mOmgmR>r OJVmV. Ago OrdZ OJUmao \$ma WmoS>o ì`ŠVr `m g_^md {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bo. O§Jbr OJmV Amho.'' OZmdam§À`m H$Îmbr d VñH$ar H$aÊ`mnmgyZ amoIÊ`mg bmoH$m§Zm - ~m~m Am_Q>o àoarV Ho$bo. Ë`m§Zr Z_©Xm ~MmAmo Am§XmobZmVhr gh^mJ KoVbm. Ë`m§À`m AgmYmaU g_mOgodogmR>r ^maV gaH$maZo Ë`m§Zm 1971 gmbr nÙlr nwañH$ma XodyZ gÝ_mZrV Ho$bo. Hw$. pñdQ>r am. H$R>mZo n[admamMr Ë`m§Zm \$ma ghmæ`Vm {_imbr. Ë`m§Mr nËZr ~r.H$m°_. - 1 (B§J«Or) B§XÿKwbo Á`m§Zm Vo gmYZm Ago åhUV Ë`m§Zr \$ma gmo~V Ho$br. Zoh_r Ë`m ~m~m§À`m nmR>rer amhrë`m. Ë`m§Mo XmoZ _wbo AmhoV. S>m°. {dH$mg Am_Q>o d S>m°. àH$me Am_Q>o `m§Zhhr Amnë`m ì`dgm`mVyZ _mobmMm doi H$mTy>Z ~m~m§Zm _XV Ho$br. ~m~m§À`m XmoÝhr gwZm S>m°. _§Xm{H$Zr Am{U S>m°. ^maVr øm XoIrb ~m~m§À`m H$m`m©V gh^mJr AmhoV. S>m°. àH$me Am_Q>o ho Amnë`m nËZr S>m°. _§Xm{H$Zr gmo~V JS>{Mamobr `oWrb ho_bH$gm JmdmV Jm|S> O_mVrÀ`m bmoH$m§gmR>r EH$ emim d EH$ hm°ñnrQ>b MmbdVmV. S>m°. _§Xm{H$Zr `m§Zr gaH$mar ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z S>m°. àH$me Am_Q>o `m§À`mgmo~V ho_bH$gm `oWo ñWm{`H$ Pmë`m. Ë`m JmoaJar~m§Mr d OI_r OZmdam§Mr godm H$aVmV. Ë`m§Mo XmoZ _wbo AmhoV. {XJ§V Omo S>m°ŠQ>a AgwZ ho_bH$gm `oWoM H$m_ H$aVmo. Xþgam_wbJm A{ZHo$V Omo EH$ B§{O{ZAa Amho. Ë`m§Mm ñdV§Ì ì`dgm` Amho. 2008 amoOr àH$me Am_Q>o d _§Xm{H$Zr Am_Q>o `m§Zm gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©gmR>r _°Jgogo Adm°S>© {_imbm Amho. ~m~m§Mo Wmoabo nwÌ {dH$mg Am_Q>o d Ë`m§Mr nËZr ^maVr Am_Q>o AmZ§XdZmVrb hm°ñnrQ>b Mr O~m~Xmar gm§^miVmV. dV©_mZmV ho_bH$gm `oWo EH$ _moR>r emim d hm°ñnrQ>b Amho. Va AmZ§XdZ `oWo EH$ `w{Zìh{g©Q>r, EH$ AZmWml_ Am{U A§Y d Jmoa J[a~m§À`m 9 n[adV©Z H$mimMr JaO gwé Ho$bo Va Ë`mMm n[aUm_hr OmñV Mm§Jbm `oVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo pñÌ`m Oa ~Xbë`m Va hr n[apñWVrhr ZŠH$sM ~Xbob. ñÌr gd©M joÌmV AmKmS>rda Amho. gmhm{OH$M Ë`m_wio àË`oH$ pñÌZo Amnbo AmË_narjU H$amdo {dMmam§Mo nydunojm AmOÀ`m `wJmV pñÌbm g_mOm_Ü`o _moR>o ñWmZ àmßV n[adV©Z hmoUma Zmhr Vmon`ªV `m g_ñ`m gwQ>Uma Zmhr Am{U Pmbo Amho. åhUOoM gd©M ~m~Vr_Ü`o pñÌ`m nwéfm§À`m Ë`m{edm` g_mOmV Iè`m AWm©Zo ñWmZ àmßV hmoUma Zmhr. ~amo~arZo qH$~hþZmAmKmS>rda Amho. ho Oar Iao Agbo Var Vo àË`oH$ ñÌr _J Vr J«m_rU Agmo qH$dm ehar Agmo H$mhr Jmoï>rgm§R>rM Iao Amho Ago åhUÊ`mg H$mhr haH$V Zmhr. {VÀ`m_Ü`o EH$ Aer gwßV eŠVr AgVo H$s, Vr H$moUË`mhr H$maU AmOhr pñÌ`m§da AÝ`m` hmoVm§Zm {XgyZ `oVM Amho. g§H$Q>mer XmoZ hmV H$é eHo$b. pñÌ`m§Mr ~wÕr_Îmm hr {ZgJ©VmM Ë`m§Zm {_imbobr Amho. Varhr AmO àË`oH$ ñÌrbm ñdmV§Í` hdo Amho. ""A~bm Zhr pñÌ`m§Zm H$m` H$iVo? Ago åhUUmao Ag§»` bmoH$ g_mOmV g~bm h¡ Vy, Zmar Zhr qMJmar h¡ Vy'' ho AmOÀ`m àË`oH$ pñÌ`m§Zr AmOhr {XgyZ `oVmV. g_mOmZo gwÕm pñÌ`m§Zm gmW {Xbr nm{hOo. bjmV KoVbo nm{hOo H$maU ñÌr EH$ _mUyg Amho Am{U {Vbmhr H$maU Ooìhm ñÌr OÝ_mbm `oB©b VoìhmM Va {VÀ`m J^m©VyZ g_mO _mUyg åhUyZM OJÊ`mMm h¸$ Amho. OÝ_ KoB©b. AmOhr dV©_mZnÌo CKS>bo H$s, OmñVrV OmñV hf©X {X. T>mo~io pñÌ`m§da hmoUmè`m AÝ`m`mÀ`m ~mVå`m AgVmV. Ogo - Zd{ddmhrVoÀ`m AmË_hË`m, gwZobm N>i H$éZ _mabo, E_.H$m°_.- 2 Aënd`rZ _wbrda AË`mMma H$éZ {VMr {ZK¥©Z hË`m B. ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVoMm {H$Vrhr Amd AmUbm Var àmYmÝ` _mÌ Zoh_r _wbmbmM {Xbo OmVo Ago H$m? Va _wbJm d§emMm {Xdm åhUyZ _J _wbJr H$moU? Agm àíZ g_moa `oVmo _J _wbJr d§emMr Á`moV hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr H$m? pñÌ`m§Mr Aer pñWVr nmhþU\$ŠV EH$M àíZ _ZmV `oVmo H$s AOyZ {H$Vr H$mi pñÌ`m§ AË`mMma ghZ H$éZ Amnbo Am`wî` KmbdUma Amho ñÌr `m eãXm~amo~aM g_mOmVrb bmoH$ ào_, dmËgë`, ñZoh, __Vm `m ^mdZm {dgaV Mmbbobm Amho. ñÌr Am{U nwéf `m XmoKm§Zmhr EH$_oH$m§Mr gmW gmaIrM hdr AgVo H$maU g§gmaénr aW EH$m MmH$mÀ`m gmømZo Mmb{dVm `oV Zmhr. Var gwÕm H$m`_ ñÌrda AÝ`m` H$m? Zoh_r ñÌrbmM gJù`m§Mm {dMma H$éZ H$m VS>OmoS> H$amdr bmJV Amho. hr n[apñWVr Hw$R>oVar ~Xbm`bm hdr Am{U Ë`mMr gwédmV hr ìhm`bmM hdr Zm? åhUyZ pñÌ`m§ZrM ~Xbm`bm hd§ H$maU, Vo åhUVmV Zm ~Xb qH$dm n[adV©Z ho Zoh_r ñdV…nmgyZ

10 {ednwÌ g§^mOramOo gmIù`m g§^mOtÀ`m A§Jmbm éVm`À`m Am{U aŠV {ZKm`Mo. Hw$UrVar XJS> \o$Hy$Z _mam`Mm Vmo A§Jmda ~gm`Mm, Hw$UrVar g§^mOr _hmamO ho {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo nwÌ hmoVo. `m`M§ {edm X`m`M§ Aem AZoH$ Anoï>m Ë`m§Zr ghZ Ho$ë`m. {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m _hmamï´>mgmR>r Oo AWH$ à`ËZ Varhr Vo PwH$bo Zmhr, Z_bo Zmhr, Vo PwHy$ eH$bo AgVo, Z_w Ho$b, _hmamï´>mbm _wKbm§À`m VmdS>rVyZ dmMdyZ _amR>çm§Mo eH$bo AgVo Am{U Ë`m§Mm Ord dmMbm AgVm na§Vw Zmhr PwH$bo _amR>çm§gmR>r ñdmV§Í` àñWmnr Ho$bo Ë`mMà_mUo N>ÌnVr {edmOr Vo \$ŠV ñdamÁ`mgmR>r, ñdamÁ`mÀ`m _mZmgmR>r Am{U _amR>r _hmamOmZ§Va Ë`m§Mo nwÌ lr g§§^mOr _hmamOm§Zr _hmamï´>mgmR>r Xm¡bVrgmR>r. `m gd© hmbAnoï>m§_wio earam_YyZ {ZKUmè`m H$m`© Ho$bo. aŠVm_wio Vo e|Xÿa \$mgboë`mhZw_mZmgmaIo {XgV hmoVo. EH$hr Aer OmJm A§Jmda Cabr ZìhVr H$s {OWyZ aŠV {ZKV Zgob. na§Vw _wKbm§À`m Mmbr_wio Vo _wKbm§À`m VmdS>rV AIoa g§^mOrbm Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m Xa~mamV AmUÊ`mV gmnS>bo Jobo, ZH$iVnUo gmnS>bo Jobo. g§^mOr _hmamO ho Ambo. Ë`m§Zr Am¡a§JOo~ H$s O` Ago åhUÊ`mg Omoa~amB© Ho$br {edmOr _hmamO Am{U gB©~mB© `m§Mo nwÌ hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm OÝ_ 14 _o nU Vo PwH$bo Zmhr. eodQ>r Am¡a§JOo~ Amnë`m V»VmdéZ CR>bm 1657 amoOr Pmbm. amOmam_ ho Ë`m§Mo ^mD$ hmoVo. _wKbm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Am{U g§^mOrÀ`m S>moù`mV ~{KVbo. Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mV Ádb§V Mmahr ~mOwZo Koabo na§Vw V[ahr Ë`m§Zm nH$S>Ê`mMr {hå_V AmJ Am{U _hmamï´>màVr ào_ hmoV. Am¡a§JOo~ Ë`m§À`m Hw$UmMr hmoV ZìhVr. Vo gmJamÀ`m EH$m H$S>oda C^o AgVm§Zm S>moù`m§H$S>o {ZaIyZ åhUmbm 9 dfmªMm hmoVm Voìhm Vy _bm _wKbm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Mmahr ~mOyZo XmoaI§S> Q>mH$bo Am{U Ë`m§Zm X»IZbm {Xgbm hmoVmg. _r {dMmab hmoV "H$mao g§^m Vwbm Vmã`mV KoVbo. _amR>çmMm g§^mOr _wKbm§À`m VmdS>rV Ambm, Am_Mr {^Vr Zmhr dmQ>V?' Ë`mda g§^mOr åhUmbo "Amåhmbm _wKbm§À`m H¡$XoV gmnS>bm, {edN>ÌnVrMm nwÌ _wKbm§À`m H¡$XoV Hw$UmMr {^Vr Zmhr dmQ>V na§Vy Am_À`m_wio gdmªZm dmQ>Vo.' gmnS>mbm. g§J_oída Vo ~hmXÿaJS>ho gmS>o VrZeo _¡bmMo A§Va Am¡a§JOo~mbm AmíM`© dmQ>b§. Ë`mbm dmQ>b H$s H$m Agm§ EH$ hmoVo. _wKbm§Zr \$ŠV Vo gmS>oMma {XdgmV MmbyZ nyU© Ho$bo. Var nwÌ Am_À`m KamÊ`mV OÝ_mbm Zmhr Ambm. Ë`mda g§^mOr g§^mOramOm§Zm Ë`m§À`mM amÁ`mVyZ ZoÊ`mV Ambo na§Vy VoWrb åhUmbo, Vmo Vw_À`m KamÊ`mV H$gm OÝ_mbm `oB©b Vmo OÝ_mbm JmdH$è`m§Zm _m{hVr ZìhV§ H$s Amnbm amOm H¡$X Pmbobm Amho. `oUmao \$ŠV {edam`m§À`m Hw$erV Am{U gømÐrÀ`m Hw$erVM. Vo ho XþX©¡d_amR>çmM§. Ë`mZm {VWo gwa{jVnUo ZoÊ`mV Ambo. åhUmbo {VWo nmohMë`mda Am¡a§JOo~mbm gm§JÊ`mV Ambo H$s ""AmB© ^dmZrMo ^ŠV Amåhr qghmMo ~N>S>o _wKb g§^mOtZm nH$S>Ê`mV `eñdr Pmbo. Am¡a§JOo~mbm OJVmV qghmgmaIo Am{U _aVmV qghmgmaIo'' {dídmg dmQ>V ZìhVm. Vmo Ë`mÀ`m g¡Ý`mbm åhUmbm "H$mhr Am¡a§JOo~mZr Ë`m§Zm IOmÊ`m{df`r {dMmabo Hw$R>o Amho _XramnmZ Va Zmhr H$éZ Ambo' Z§Va Am¡a§JOo~ åhUmbm AmVm IOmZm? Vw {Jibmg IOmZm. g§^mOr åhUmbo _hmamï´>mbm Ë`mMr qYS> H$mT>m. AmVmn`ªV hm A§~marÀ`m hÎmrda ~gbm, Hw$UmMm O~aXñVrZo I{OZm bwQ>Ê`mMr JaO Zmhr. Amåhr Va KmoS>çm§da ~gbm, AmVm `m C§Q>mbm ~m§Ym, AmVmn`ªV `mgmR>r Xþgè`m§À`m_XVrgmR>r I{OZm bwQ>Umao Amho. Am¡a§JOo~ åhUmbm T>mob, gZ`m ~mOë`m AmVm `mÀ`mgmR>r ZJmS>o, Vmeo dmOdm. KodyZ Om `mbm. Am¡a§JOo~ åhUmbm n{hbr MwH$ Ho$br Vr AmVmn`ªV Ë`mZo amOKamÊ`mVrb XmJX{JZo KmVbo Agob AmVm ehmOtZm gmoSy>Z. ehmOr _obm AgVm Va {edmOr OÝ_mbmM Ë`mbm H$mQ>oar gmIøm Kmbm. Vmo AmZ§XmZo åhUmbm "X»IZMm ZgVm, Am{U Xþgmr MyH$Ho$br Vr Am½`«mV {edmOrbm gmoSy>Z. Myhm' g§^mOr Am_À`m Vmã`mV gmnS>bm`. Ë`m§Zm C§Q>mda ~gdyZ na§Vw AmVm {Vgar MyH$ H$aUma Zmhr Vwbm gmoSy>Z. Ë`m§Mo gd© A§J H$mQ>oar gmIù`m§Zr ~m§Ybo. Am¡a§JOo~mbm g§^mOr _hmamOm§Zm ñV§^mbm ~m§YÊ`mV Ambo. VßV ^`J«ñV H$éZ gmoS>Umam g§^mOr H$moU Amho? H$gm {XgVmo ho gimIr Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mV OmUma§ hmoË`m. Ë`m§Zr S>moio {_Q>bo nmhÊ`mgmR>r gd© bmoH$ VrWo O_m Pmbo. Z§Va Hw$UrVar _YoM Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mg_moa Ë`m§Mo ~m~m {edmOr, AmB© gB©~mB©, C§Q>mÀ`m eonQ>rbm n[aJim`Mm, C§Q> hbm`Mm Am{U Ë`m H$mQ>oar 11 {OOmD$ Am{U ñdamÁ` VgoM gim»`m g_moa Amë`m Am{U ~m~m S>moù`mV Joë`m. aŠV ~§~mi Pmbm, XÿgargOm {O^ VmoS>m`Mr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m XmoÝhr H$mZmda KÅ> Xm~bo Varhr Vo Vm|S> CKT>S>m`bm V`ma ZìhVo. Z§Va Ë`m§À`m _ñVH$mda OmoamZo dma ""AmB© KamM§ _m§Jë` AgVo, Va ~m~m KamM§ ApñVËd Ho$bm Am{U Ë`m§Mo Vm|S> CKS>bo Jobo Am{U Ë`m§Mr {O^ VmoS>br AgVo.'' nU `m KamÀ`m ApñVËdmbm IaM§ AmnU H$Yr g_OyZ Jobr. Ë`m§Mo Iyn hmb Hoo$bo, Ë`m§À`m OI_m§Zr ^aë`m A§Jmda KoVb H$m§? d{S>bm§Zm _hÎd AgyZhr Ë`m§À`m{df`r \$mag§ {_R>mMo nmUr AmoVm`Mo AmUIr doXZm ìhm`À`m. ~mobb§ OmV Zmhr. {b{hb§ OmV Zmhr. H$moUVmhr ì`m»`mVm Am{U gdm©V eodQ> Ë`m§Zm JwS>rnmS>dmÀ`m AmXë`m AmB©{df`r OmñV ~mobVmo AZoH$ g§Vm§Zr AmB© `m {df`mda AZoH$ {Xder åhUOo 11 _mM© 1689 amoOr Ë`m§Mo _ñVH$ B§Ðm`Ur H${dVm {b{hë`m. Xodm{YH$m§Zr AmB©MoM Vm|S> ^éZ H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. ZXrÀ`m g§J_mda CS>dbo Jobo. Mm§Jë`m Jmoï>tZm AmB©MrM Cn_m {Xbr Amho. nU ~m~mMr Zmhr. H$mhr bmoH$m§Zr ~m~m aoImQ>bo, nU Vo ì`gZr, _maPmoS> H$aUmao, {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVbo H$g§ OJmd§ Am{U g§^mOr g_mOmV 10-12% bmoH$ (~m~m) Agohr Amho. nU Mm§Jë`m _hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVb H$go _amdo. hr àoaUm hmoVr g§^mOr d{S>bm§~Ôb H$m`? ""AmB©H$S>o AlyMo nmQ> AgVmV nU _hmamOm§Mr Xoe^ŠVrMr. d{S>bm§H$S>o g§`_m§Mo KmQ> AgVmV.'' AmB© aSy>Z _moH$ir hmoVo. nU gm§ËdZ _mÌ d{S>bm§ZmM Hw$. {JVm§Obr _m. _wioH$a H$amdo bmJVo. Am{U aS>Ê`mnojm gm§ËdZ H$aUmè`m§da OmñV VmU ~r.H$m°_.- 1 (B§J«Or) nS>Vmo H$maU - ""Á`moVrnojm g_B© OmñV VmnVo, nU lo` _mÌ Á`moVrbmM OmVo.'' amoOÀ`m OodUmMo gmo` H$aUmar AmB© Amnë`m bjmV amhVo nU Am`wî`mÀ`m {eXmoarMr gmo` H$aUmao ~m~m Amnë`m bjmV amhV Zmhr. AmB© aS>Vo nU d{S>bm§Zm aS>Vm `oV Zmhr. ñdV…Mo dS>rb _aU nmdbo Va ^md§S>m§Zm gm§^mim`M§ AgV§. AmB© _aU nmdbr Va ~{hUrMm AmYma ìhm`M§ AgV§. nËZr _aU nmdbr Va _wbm§~mim§M gm§ËdZ H$am`M§ AgV§. {OOm~mB©Zo {edmOr KS>{dbm Ago Adí` åhUmd§, nU Ë`mdoir ehmOr amOmMr AmamYZm bjmV ¿`mdr. XodH$sMo, `emoXoMo H$m¡VwH$ Adí` H$amd§, nU nwamVyZ S>moŠ`mda nmoambm KodyZ OmUmam dmgwXod bjmV R>odmdm. d{S>bm§À`m Q>mMm {POboë`m nmhÿZË`m§M§ Xþ…Id ào_ H$iV§. d{S>bm§Mr \$mQ>bobr ~{Z`Z nmhÿZZ{e~mMr J[a~r ~iVo. _wbm-_wbtZm H$nS>o KoVrb nU ñdV…bmKoV Zmhr, _wbJr "ã`wQ>r nmb©a' _Ü`o 30 é. IM© H$aVo nU Ë`mM KamVbo dS>rb XmT>rMr gm~Z g§nbr H$s Am§KmoirMr gm~U dmnaVo. ~m~m AmOmar nS>bo Va nQ>H$Z XdmImÝ`mV OmV Zmhr. Vo AmOmambm _wirM Km~aV Zmhr H$maU, S>m°ŠQ>a 2 Vo 4 {Xdg Amam_ H$am`bm bmdob `mMr

12 Ë`m§Zm ^rVr dmQ>Vo. nmoamM§ b¾, {ejU H$g§ hmoB©b, KamV ZmV§ H$mhrM CËnZmM gmYZ Zmhr Ag§ AgyZhr _wbm§Zm B§{O{ZAa, S>m°ŠQ>a ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r n¡go Jmoim H$aVmo Am{U Amnbm _wbJm {ejU hr EH$ gmYZm Amho Am{U Vr AË`§V qH$dm Á`m{R>H$mUr {eH$V Amho {VWo nmg©bZo n¡go nmR>{dVo, AmZ§XXm`r Amho. hr à{H«$`m AerM AmZ§XXm`r >R>odÊ`mgmR>r gd©M _wbo Zgbr Var nU H$mhrM _wbo Aer AmhoV H$s Vo JaO AgVo Vr åhUOo {dÚmWu Am{U {ejH$m§À`m CÎm_ Amnë`m {_Ìm§Zm Ë`m n¡emMr nmQ>u XoVmV Am{U Á`m ~m~m§Zr n¡go ZmË`mMr. {ejUmVyZ {dÚmÏ`mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoV AgVmo. nmR>{dbo Ë`mM ~m~mMo Zmd KoD$Z EH$_oH$m§Zm {MS>dVmV, qQ>Jb na§Vw `mH$arVm {dÚmWu hm {Z`_rV dJm©_Ü`o hOa Agm`bm H$aVmV. hdm, Ë`mM~amo~a {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o dŠVeranUm, ñd`§{eñV nmiUo Aer AgVo ~m~m `m ZmdmMr ì`Wm! Am{U {ejH$m§À`m gyMZm§Mo nmbZ H$aUo hr EH$ _hÎdmMr ~m~! CÎm_ {ejU KoV AgVm§Zm {ejH$ Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªM Hw$. {ZH$sVm e. amD$V ZmV§ OwiU _hÎdmM AgV. ho ZmV§ OwiÊ`mgmR>r JaO AgVo Vr ~r.Eggr.- 1 åhUOo {dÚmWu Am{U {ejH$m§À`m gH$mamË_H$ Ñï>rH$moZmMr. Ogo VamOwÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOy g_mZ `oB©n`ªV _mn hmoV Zmhr VgoM {ejU Am{U {dÚmWu `m§À`m g_mZ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ ZmV ho OwiyZ `oV Zmhr. hþema{dÚmWu {ejH$m§À`m MQ>H$Z bjmV `oVmo. H$maU Vmo gd© ~m~rV nyT>o `oV amhVmo. {ejH$m§er CÎm_ g§dmX gmYVmo. {ejH$m§Mm AmXa H$aVmo, {ejH$mZo {Xbobo H$m`© CÎm_[aË`mnma nmS>Vmo. {dÚmWu hm {ejUmMm _w»` KQ>H$ Amho åhUyZ àË`oH$ AmXe© {dÚmÏ`m©Zo {ejH$m§er Z_«VoZo d AmXamZo dmJm`bm nm{hOo. àË`oH$ CnH«$_mV gh^mJ ¿`m`bm nm{hOo. {ejH$mZo {Xbobo H$m`© nyU© Ho$bo nm{hOo. AË`§V _hÎdmMo åhUOo CÎm_ g§dmX d MMm© H$am`bm nm{hOo. {ejH$ hm EH$ {dÚm_§{XamMm XodVm Amho. Ë`m_wio {ejH$mZo {dÚmÏ`m©bm àË`oH$ ~m~tH$S>o gH$mamË_H$ Ñï>rZo nmhÊ`mg àd¥Îm Ho$bo nm{hOo. àíZmoÎmam§VyZ Ë`mÀ`mer g§dmX gmYbm nm{hOo. MwH$bo Var Mmbob, _r nwÝhm gm§JoZ, Vwåhr à`ËZ H$am. Aem AZoH$ gH$mamË_H$ dmŠ`mVyZ Ë`m§Mm AmË_{dídmg dmT>dm`bm nm{hOo. EImÚm doiog Z_«VoZo Va H$Yr WmoS>o amJmdyZ Ë`m§Zm g_Omdbo nm{hOo. {ejH$m§Zm Oa H$moUr CXmg qH$dm ZmamO {XgV Agob Va Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMr ehm{Zem H$am`bm hdr, Ë`m_wio {ejH$ Amnbr H$miOr KoVmV. hr ^mdZm {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o {Z_m©U hmoB©b d dJm©V VUmdahrV dmVmdaUmMr {Z{_©Vr hmoÊ`mg _XV {_iob.

13 àË`oH$ {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o EH$ Zm EH$ Mm§Jbm JwU AgVmo. Ë`m_wio eoVH$è`mMo _ZmoJV {ejH$m§Zr {dÚmÏ`mªZm g_mZVoMr dmJUyH$ {Xbr nm{hOo. AmOMo {dÚmWu ho CÚmMo gwOmU ZmJ[aH$ Amho hr eoVH$ar hm H$Om©V OÝ_ KoVmo, eoVH$ar hm H$Om©V OJmVo OmUrd {ejH$m§Zr R>odbr nm{hOo. AmOMo ho ~rO CÚmMo Am{U H$Om©VM _aVmo. à\w$ëbrV d¥j hmoUma AmhoV hr JmoîQ> gX¡d bjmV R>odyZ, eoVH$ar åhQ>b H$s Amnë`m S>moù`mg_moa `oVo Vr {dÚmWu hr _moR>r eŠVr Amho {Vbm Mm§Jbo diU bmJmdo åhUyZ J[a~r, XþîH$mi, H$O©~mOmar, AZwXmZmgmR>r gaH$mada à`ËZ{eb AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ì`dhmarH$ Adb§~yZ AgUmam. hr Amem ~miJUmam H$s H$Yr Var AmnUhr kmZm_Ü`o ^a KmbÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zr Mmby KS>m_moS>rda `m Omim _YyZ _wŠV hmoD$ nU _mÌ AmË_hË`mH$aUmam. nU hr {dÚmÏ`mªZm _mJ©Xe©Z H$am`bm hdo. n[a{ñWVr H$m d H$er {Z_m©U Pmbr? Ë`mbm O~m~Xma H$moU? {ejH$mbm Amnbm {dÚmWu {ejU joÌm_Ü`o M_H$V Ë`mMr H$maUo d Cnm` Ë`m§Mm emoY KoÊ`mMm Hw$Ur à`ËZ Ho$bm ahmdm Ago dmQ>V Agob Va {ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m gy`m©gmaIr Amho H$m? eoVr hm ì`dgm` nmdgmda _w»`V… hdm_mZmda Agm`bm hdr VaM... Adb§~yZ Agbobm ì`dgm` Amho. ^maVmV 60 Vo 70 Q>¸o$ eoVr "{dÚmWu {ejH$_` hmoB©b hr ~mJm`Vr Amho. Ë`m_wio nmD$g H$_r qH$dm OmñV Pmë`mg {ejH$ {dÚmWu_` hmoB©b' Ë`mMm n[aUm_ eoVrda hmoVmo. VgoM nmD$g doioda Z Amë`mg `mM gH$mamË_H$ ÑîQ>rH$moZmVyZ Am{U {dÚmWu `mM gwÕm hmoVmo. Aemdoir eoVH$è`m§Mr Anojm gaH$maH$Sy>Z ZmV Z¸$sM CÎm_ hmoB©b. `mVyZM EH$ Z{dZ AmXe© {dÚmWu, AZwXmZ, H$O©_m\$s {_idÊ`mMr AgVo d Vr Z {_imë`mg Vmo gyOmU ZmJ[aH$ d gw{e{jV g_mO {Z_m©U hmoB©b `mV e§H$m H$O©~mOmar hmoVmo. `m H$O©~mOmar g§gmam_wio Vmo {ZamJg hmoVmo. Zmhr. Hw$Qw>§~mMm IM© PondUo Ë`mbm {dMmam_Ü`o nmS>Vo. `m gd© n[apñWVr_wio Vmo dmB©Q> {dMmam_Ü`o J§wVVmo. eodQ>r _aU Ë`mbm Xe©Z e|S>o Mm§Jbo dmQ>m`bm bmJVo åhUyZ Vmo AmË_hË`mH$aVmo. ~r.H$m°_.-1 (B§J«Or) _r nU ñdV…eoVH$ar Amho. _r nU `mM MH«$mVyZ Jobmo Amho. AJXr AmË_hË`m H$aÊ`mÀ`m {ZU©`màV `oD$Z R>onbmo. EdT>çmV _bm EH$ g_mOgodH$ ^oQ>bm. Ë`moZ _mPr H$hmUr _Z bmdyZ EoHy$Z KoVbr Am{U gm§{JVbo H$s, AmVm n[apñWVr ~Xby bmJbr Amho. AmVm eoVrMr _emJV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Q>°´ŠQ>a d BVa `§Ì Ambr AmhoV. Ë`m_wio _mZdr l_ H$arV à_mUmV bmJVmV. Am{U ""nmUr AS>dm nmUr {Oadm'' _wio nmD$gmda Agbobo Adb§{~Ëd hiy hiy H$_r hmoV Amho. hr gd© n[apñWVr ñdVmbmM ~Xbmdr bmJob. `mVyZ _mJ© H$mT>mdm bmJob. Ago Vmo åhUmbm. _r nU _Zmer R>adZo H$s _r aS>V ~gUma Zmhr. AmË_hË`mH$aUma Zmhr. gd©àW_ _r eoVrbm nyaH$ Agm OmoS> Y§Xm gwé Ho$bm. Ë`mgmR>r _r XmoZ JmB© KoVë`m. Ë`m_wio _bm {Xdgmbm 6 {bQ>a d amÌr bm 4 {bQ>a XÿYìhm`Mo d Jmdm_Ü`o S>o`ar Agë`m_wio eham_Ü`oXÿY ZoÊ`mMm Ìmghr ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio _bm 1 {Xdgmbm

14 {H$_mZ 250 Vo 300 Agm ^md {_im`bm bmJbm d eoVrVhr ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr H$mhr nmbo^mÁ`m bmdë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio Ka IM {ZKyZ Om`Mm d VgoM JmB©À`m eoUm_wio Kar eoUIV hr V`ma hmoD$ ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrMm nm`m "doX' hm _mZbm OmVmo. doX bmJbo. Ë`m_wio amgm`{ZH$ IVmMmhr WmoS>m \$ma IM© H$_r åhUOo kmZmÀ`m A{Yð>mZmda AmYmarV Aer hr g§ñH¥$Vr Amho. Pmbm d g|{Ð` IVm_wio CËnmXZmbm ~mOmamV ^md Mm§Jbm g§ñH¥$Vr `m eãXm_Ü`og_²+H¥$ Ago XmoZ g§ñH¥$V YmVy Amho. {_iVmo. AemàH$mao _r _mÂ`m Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m amoOÀ`m OodÊ`m `mMm AW© Mm§Jbm H$aUo Agm hmoVmo. Y_m©gh g_J« A§V~m©ø ImÊ`mMr gmo` Ho$br d gmo~VM S>moŠ`mda Agbobo H$O©hr OrdZmÀ`m CÞV AdñWogmR>r g§ñH¥$Vr hm eãX dmnabm OmVmo. àH¥$Vr åhUOo {ZgJ© {dH¥$Vr åhUOo {ZgJm©V hmoUma {dH$ma CVadbo. hiy hiy n[apñWVr WmoS>r ~Xbbr. Z§Va _r EH$ N>moQ>m Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr åhUOo àH¥$VrV {dH$ma hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ Ë`mda Q´>°ŠQ>a {dH$V Ë`m_wio _bm eoVrgmR>r bmJUmè`m _OwarMm IM© H$am`Mm g§ñH$ma. ^anya à_mUmV H$_r Pmbm. VgoM _r {dhra IUyZ qR>~H$ _Zwî` d Ë`mÀ`m ^modVrMo {díd {_iyZ {ZgJ© ~ZVmo. qgMZhr H$éZ KoVbo. Ë`m_wio _mPr dm{f©H$ {_iH$V XþßnQ> `m {ZgJm©_Ü`o OrdZmÀ`m CËH¥$fm©bm AZwHy$b Ago ~Xb H$éZ Pmbr. _r {dMma Ho$bm AgVm H$s _mÂ`m Aem bjmV Ambo åhUOoM {ZgJm©da H$mhr g§ñH$ma H$éZ _Zwî` Amnbr H$s, OrdZ`mÌm Mmb{dVmo. Vmo Ho$di ~mø {dídmVrb nXmWm©da OmoS>Y§Úm_wio _mÂ`m Hw$Qw>§~mMr Am{W©H$ AS>MU d g§ñH$ma H$aVmo Ago Zìho Va ñdV…Mm Xoh Am{U _Z ~wÕr `m§À`mdahr g§ñH$ma H$éZ ñdV…V~Xb KS>dyZ AmUVmo. g§ñH¥$Vr _wbmMm {ejUmMm IM© ~è`mn¡H$s XÿaPmbm. OmoS>Y§ÚmVyZ `m eãXmV ho XmoÝhr àH$maMo ~Xb A{^àoV AmhoV. {_iUmè`m CËnmÞmVyZ _bm eoVrgmR>r bmJUmao ^m§S>db C^o ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr hr XoemÀ`m B{Vhmgm_wio {dbjU amhrbo. g§o{Ð` IVm_wio amgm`{ZH$ IVmMm IM© WmoS>m \$ma H$_r ^yJmobm_wio Am{U OZVoVrb d¡{dÜ`m_wioAmH$mamg Ambr Amho. Pmbm. g|{Ð` IVm_wio YmÝ` d nmbo^mÁ`m§Mo nrH$ Mm§Jbo hmody eoOmaÀ`m XoemVrb Mmbr[aVr, na§nam d H$ënZm gm_mdyZ KoV, bmJbo. Ë`m_wio _mPo Am{W©H$ CËnÞ XþßnQ> Pmbo. d ^maVrg g§ñH¥$VrZo qgYwg§ñH¥$Vr Xaå`mZ OÝ_mbm Ambobo VgoM XþîH$miJ«VrÀ`mdoir _r KaMm CX©a{Zdm©h MmbdÊ`mgmR>r d d¡{XH$ H$mimV, X{jU ^maVmVrb bmoh`wJH$mimV, ~m¡Õ eoVrÀ`m IMm©gmR>r JhUm R>odbobr KaMr gmoÝ`m§Mr Xm{JZo Y_m©À`m CX²^d Am{U èhmgmÀ`m H$mimV VgoM ^maVmMo gmoS>dyZ AmUbo. Mm§Jbo Kahr ~m§Ybo VgoM _wbm§À`m CÀM gwdU©`wJ, _wgb_mZr AmH«$_U d `wamonr`n Xoem§À`m dgmhVt Xaå`mZ Pmbobo ~Xb nMdyZ XoIrb ñdV…Mona§namJV àmMrZËd {ejUmgmaR>rMr gmo` Pmbr. AmVm {dMma Ho$bm H$s AOyZ {Q>H$dyZ R>odbo Amho. ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrZo {VÀ`m B{VhmgmZo, Mm§Jë`m CËnmXZmgmR>r AmnU g|{Ð` IVmMo CËnmXZ Kar Kody A{ÛVr` ^m¡Jmo{bH$ aMZoZo d¡{dÜ`nyU© bmoH$OrdZmZo Am{U `m. Ë`m_wio d Ë`mMm bm^ ~mH$s eoVH$è`m§Zm KoÊ`mg gm§Jy`m. eoOmarb Xoem§À`m na§nam OnyZ AmH$ma KoVbm Amho. AemàH$mao AmnU Amnbr eoVr gynrH$ H$é`m d ~mH$s ^maVmV OmJmoOmJr doJdoJio bmoH$, Y_©, dmVmdaU, eoVH$è`m§Zm nU gm§Jy`m. ^mfm, Mm{barVr Am{U na§nam `mV d¡{dÜ` {XgV AgyZhr, `m gJi`m Jmoï>tMm \$m`Xm KodyZ `mo½` Vo {Z`moOZ AmT>iUmao gmå` ho `m XoemMo d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. Xoe^amV H$éZ _r nwT>rb dfu AmUIrZ Mm§Jë`m arVrZo eoVr H$éZ ngaboë`m {d{dY Cng§ñH¥$Vr Am{U hOmamo dfmªÀ`m na§nam `m§Mr EH${ÌV dibobr _moQ> åhUOo ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr. Vr AZoH$ à{gÕ n[apñWVr ~XbdyZ XmIdrZ `mMr _bm ImÌr Amho. eodQ>r AmÜ`mpË_H$Jwé§Mo d `moJ{ejH$m§Mo Aml`ñWmZ Amho. XoemVrb Amnbo _mOr n§VàYmZ bmb ~hmXÿaemñÌr åhUmbo Amho ""O` {d{dYa§Jr Ym{_©H$ CËgd, g§JrV, Z¥Ë`o, ñWmnË`e¡br `mVrb OdmZ O` {H$gmZ.'' H$bmË_H$ ~§Y VerM ^m¡Jmo{bH$ aMZm Am{U BWbm nwamVZ d AmYw{ZH$ g§ñH¥$VrMm {_bmn øm JmoîQ>r OJ^amVë`m n`©Q>H$m§Zm Hw$. {bZm YmoQ>o AmH${f©V H$aVmo. Hw$. _mYwar Xmoh{b`m ~r.H$m°_. - 1 (B§J«Or) ~r.H$m°_.-2 (B§J«Or) 15 H$mhrVar AmB© amhÿZ Jobobo...

{H$Vr _mJ© MwH$bobo AmB© X¡dV X¡dV MwHw$Zhr Z H$ibobo gmè`m XodmhÿZr _moR>o {H$Vr g§Yr `oD$Z Joë`m AmB©À`m Wmoa{dbm Varhr g_OwZhr Z g_Obobo nS>o Am^mi WrQ>o gm§JZo amhþZ Jobo AmB© ^adr ^adr Hw$R>oVar AS>Hw$Z nS>bobo {VÀ`m KmgmVbm Kmg H$mhrVar amhþZ Jobobo AmB© {eH$dr {eH$dr hmVmV Z Ambobo MmbZ§ ~mobZ§ Amåhmg gm§JVmV Vo Hw$R>oVar AmB© gag gag bnbobo AÑî` Pmbobo AmB© {dZ _moR>§ H$moU AZ§V à`ËZm§Zr Vo AmB© n[ag n[ag Z gm§{JVbo amhþZM Jobo H$ar {OdZmM§ gmoZ§ öX`mV Hw$R>oVar AS>Hw$Z nS>bo AmB© _m`miy _m`miy Vo gm§Jm`Mo amhÿZM Jobo bmdo gmJamMr _m`m {H$Vrhr doi hmVmV boH$amÀ`m gwImgmR>r Amë`m Var gm§Jm`Mo gmar {POdbr H$m`m amhþZM Jobo VgoM AmB© _hmZ _hmZ Vo _ZmV {eaV Jobo {VMo Anma ho F$U AmVë`m AmV _ZmV Ago amhmZ amhmZ ^oJm nS>V Joë`m {VÀ`m MaUr ho OrdZ. Varhr gm§Jm`Mo Hw$R>oVar amhþZM Jobo.

_¥Umb Z. aodVH$a Hw$. {demIm bmobwgao ~r.H$m°_.-1 (B§J«Or) ~r.H$m°_.-2

16 Pon bT> ao _Zm amoO aS>mdo Var ghmdo ~Xb AmO hm ~oV AmVm ZH$mo _mJo {\$é Vy Aer nmR> XmIdyZ VmoS> OJmMo ~§YZ Zmar bT> ao _Zm {hå_V Vy gmR>dwZ Ko JJZmMr Pon AmVm& OmB©b ho hr dmXi WmoS>m doi KmbdyZ VwÂ`m ^modVr MmaM q^Vr _mZd Jobm M§ÐmdaVr bT>m`M§M§ Vwbm Amnë`m§Zm AmR>dyZ Á`m§À`mgmR>r Onbr ZmVr bjmV R>od àË`oH$ dmXimbm eodQ> hm AgobM§ VoM Ymdbo A~«wdaVr VmoSy>Zr hr ghZerbVm Km~abm Amho Var {ZQ> ~K gmoS> H¡$Xr dof AmVm _mJ© Vwbm {XgobM VmoS> OJmMo....& ZH$mo _mJo {\$é Vy Aer nmR> XmIdyZ H$mZ >Q>moMbo ZmH$ Q>moMbo S>moŠ`mdaVr nXa bmXbo bT> ao _Zm {hå_V Vy gmR>dyZ gmao AmoPo pñÌ`mM dmho nwéfhr _J H$m dmMbo? _mhrV Amhog Xþ~im Amhog Vw {Q>H$m`bm H$Yr {dMmam g§ñH¥$Vrbm H$mhrM Zmhr VwÂ`mH$S>o bT>m`bm àíZ Oam ho eof AmVm Varhr bbH$mè`m XoV amhm AmoaSy>Z AmoaSy>Z VmoS> OJmMo.....& ZH$mo _mJo {\$é Vy Aer nmR> XmIdyZ g_mO åhUVmo AmnU Á`mbm bT> ao _Zm Vy {hå_V gmR>dyZ VwÂ`m dmMyZr AW© H$embm? Oar OmUVo OZVm gmar Var _maVo J^© AmVbm bjmV R>od dmXiM Iwn H$mhr {eH${dVmV Iyn OJbr Xm~yZ hÿ§XH$m àË`oH$ doir Vo Vw_M§ Am`wî` ~Xb{dVmV dñÌ bT>çmMo Zog AmVm Cn`moJ H$a Ë`mMm ñdV…bm Vnmgm`bm VmoS> OJmMo....& H$m` AmhmoV AmnU? _moS> AmVm {Z`_ gmao Am{U H$m` hmoD$ eH$Vmo ho OmZm`bm _mUygH$sbm by~mS>Umao OmU ñdV…Mr eŠVr Zmar ZH$mo _mJo {\$é Vy Aer nmR> XmIdyZ eñÌ Ko hmVr MH$mH$Umao bT> ao _Zm {hå_V Vy gmR>dyZ CX`mgmR>r àH$membm KoM Zmar, noQ> AmVm&

Hw$. {_Zb {b. n§M^mB© Hw$. à{UVm eo. Xoe^«Vma ~r.H$m°_.-2 (B§J«Or) ~r.H$m°_.-1

17 _¡Ìr n[adV©Z

`m OJmV àË`oH$mbm _¡Ìr hr AerM AgVo AgV n[adV©Z gd© ZmË`m§à_mUo ho ZmVo gwÕm loð> AgVo.... KS>{dÊ`mMr KmB©, nU ñdV…_Ü`o n[adV©Z Hw$R>brhr Jmoï> Agmo dm ~mV_r H$m H$moUrM H$aV Zmhr. AmYr Hw$Umbm Z gm§JVm H$m Xþ…Imbm Km~aVmo Vy {hbm gm§JUo JaOoMo AgVo Zmhr gm§{JVbo Va ~mobUo ImUo Xþ…ImVyZM {_iVo ZŠH$s R>abobo AgVo.... {eH$m`bm Iyn H$mhr, H$maU _¡Ìr hr AerM AgVo Ymd Vy AmVm ZH$mo nmhÿ _mJo diyZr Hw$R>ë`mhr gwImV Agmo dm Xþ…Im _Ü`o ñdmWu _mUgm ñdmdb§~r gwImV gmo~V hgUmar hr AgVo na§Vw Xþ…Im_Ü`o Aly nwgyZ gmdaUmar OrdZ OJÊ`mMr R>od Vy V`mar d AmYma XoUmar hr AgVo.... n[adV©Z KS>{dUma AmVm H$maU hoM H$s _¡Ìr hr AerM AgVo `m OJmV hmoD$Z Jobo Vo Wmoa _hmË_o _¡Ìr Zm Jwbm~mÀ`m H$mo_b nmH$irà_mUo AgVo WmoS>ogo hr H$m égdo \w$Jdo Ë`m§À`m gmaIo AmVm AmboV Va H$mo_oOm`bm doi hmoV Zmhr H$moUrM OÝ_mg `oV Zmhr... H$maU _¡Ìr hr AerM AgVo. `m OJmV àË`oH$mbm AgVo n[adV©Z KS>{dÊ`mMr KmB© &&

Hw$. d¡îUdr am. JmoS>~mobo Hw$. nëbdr gw. amD$V ~r.H$m°_.-1 (B§J«Or) ~r.H$m°_.-2 (B§J«Or)

18 ñdV…À`m ^amar ghdmgmV

H$mhr Zmhr `oUmè`m CX`mÀ`m OJmV gJi§ Amho `m jUmV H$go~go gya bmdyZ H$m§ OJy Z`o _r AmZ§XmZo JmU§ H$go JmVm `oB©b? _mÂ`m ñdV…À`m ghdmgmV OwÝ`m Pmë`m ZmË`mbmhr H$m`? ho OJ MmbUma _mÂ`m gmo~V _mÂ`m AmIar jUmV Zdo H$go H$aVm `oB©b. {díd H$moUVo ho ~mhoaMo OJm Zm H$Yr ñdV…À`m {dídmV C_OV OmV§ H$mhrg§ OJ åhUVo EH$Q>onU `mbm åhUVmV _Zwî` gm_m{OH$ àmUr hbHo$ hbHo$ Zì`mZo åhUwZ {^Vm H$m` Vwåhr Am|OirVyZ PaUmam `m`bm `m OJmV ñdV…À`m {dídmV Vmo jU H$gm YaVm `oB©b? H$mhr jU ZH$mo H$m ñdV…gmR>r \$ŠV ñdV…À`m ghdmgmMo ~mobm Zm H$Yr ñdV…er ZmOyH$nUo A§Hw$aVo {dMmam àíZ Amnë`m A§V©_Zmbm ~Km H$m` ahñ` CbJS>Vo Vo ^wB©_YyZ EH$ ~mi AZw^dm Vo AmZ§XmMo jU Am^mimbm H$Yr OJm H$Yr ñdV…À`m ghdmgmV AmO Xm¡S> bmJbr Amho _mP§ åhUVm `oB©b ? `m OJm_Ü`o qOH$Ê`mMr nU `m {dO`r hmoÊ`mÀ`m àdmgm_Ü`o Mm¡H$Q>rV nm` AS>bo AmnU ñdV…bm Va hadV Zmhr Zm åhUyZ OnyZ R>odm ñdV…bm C§~aR>çmda _Z ào_i, {ZíMb _Zmbm {jVrOmÀ`m nma H$Yr ZH$m ~Zy BVam§gmaIo ~ZmdQ>r, Hy«$a ghdmg gJù`m§Mm N>mZ AgVmo ^amar KoVm `oB©b? R>adVmo AmnU Mm§Jbm H$s dmB©Q> AgVmo AmoiIm`bm nU ñdV…bm AmoiImd§ bmJV§ WH$Vo Zm _Z, _wIdQ>çmÀ`m OJm_Ü`o _wIdQ>m KmbyZ Úm _moH$im ídmg Ë`mbm Úm doi ñdV…Mm ñdV…À`m ghdmgmV.

Hw$. _[h_m _. `wdZmVr Hw$. {edmZr {d. H$mi~m§S>o ~r.Eggr.-2 ~r.Eggr.-1

19 AmO jU^a Am`wî`

H$m Hw$Umg R>mD$H$ ? J[a~mÀ`m S>moŠ`mdaMr _moir hmooU§ Mm§Jb§ AmO jU^a Wm§~mdg§ dmQ>V§ H$Yr-H$Yr \$H$samMr Pmoir hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ hadb§ _Z eÌyÀ`m N>mdUrV {\$Vya hmoÊ`mnojm nwÝhm emoYmdg§ dmQ>V§ XoemgmR>r ~§XÿH$sMr Jmoir hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ Aem§V ho _Z H$Yr-H$Yr Am`wî`mMr hmoir hmoU§ Mm§Jb em§V H$amdg dmQ>V§ ^wHo$boë`m nmoQ>mgmR>r nmoir hmoU§ Mm§Jb hmoD$Z AnojmewÝ` emo^ogmR>r ^aOar dñÌ hmoÊ`mnojm qMVm_wŠV ìhmdg dmQ>V§ CKS>çm _m` ~{hUrMr Mmoir hmoU§ Mm§Jb ^aë`mnmoQ>r kmZmgmR>r g_wÐmMr hmoS>r hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ em§V {ZOmdg§ dmQ>V§ H$Yr-H$Yr AmH$memMr {eS>r hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ AmO OÝ_ Am{U _¥Ë`w ZmaimÀ`m PmS>mM§ \$i hmoÊ`mnojm A§Va {dgamdg§ dmQ>V§ H$Yr-H$Yr Jwbm~mMr H$ir hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ H$m Hw$Umg R>mD$H$? OrdZmV gmIaoMr JmoS>r hmoU Mm§Jb§ WmoS>g ào_ H$Yr-H$Yr nmdgmMr ga hmoU§ Mm§Jb§ AmO ñdV…da H$amdg dmQ>V§! {df_VoMr {dfmar éT>r hmoÊ`mnojm KamoKar g_VoMr JwT>r hmoU§ Mm§Jb§

Hw$. M§Mb S>r. Hw$Q>o Hw$. H$[aí_m nm§. Imnao ~r.E.-3 ~r.E.-3

20 {~agm Vy ZmVr AgVm Va...

CKS>Vmo _r Ooìhm nwñVH$ B{VhmgmMo OrdZmV ZmVr Ver I§V dmQ>Vo _Zmbm Ë`mV Vy ZgÊ`mMo AZoH$ AgVmV fS>`§Ì Amho ao ho Ë`m _ZwdmX`mMo nU Vr OnUmar bmoH§$ ApñVËd VwPo {_Q>{dÊ`mgmR>r ao à`ËZ V`m§Mo \$ma H$_rM AgVmV.....! Ia§M {~agm AmO Vy AgVm Va....&&1&& H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV aŠVmMr VwÂ`m ApñVËdmMr WmoS>r Var H$ënZm H$a Va H$mhr öX`mMr....! Zmhr ao Pmbm AgVm AÝ`m` VwÂ`m g_mOmda H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV OÝ_mo-OÝ_rMr, Zmhr ao Ho$bm AgVm AË`mMma VwÂ`m AmB©da Va H$mhr... "H$mhr jUmnwaVrMr'....! Zmhr ao Pmbm AgVm ~bmËH$ma VwÂ`m ~{hUrda Zmhr ao _obr AgVr VwPr _wbo Hw$nmofUmZo H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV Zmhr ao J«ñV Pmbr AgVr Hw$Ê`m _hmamoJmZo Ho$gm§gmaIr Z VwQ>Umar Ia§M {~agm Vw AgVm Va..... &&2&& nU doi AmbrM Va dmH$Umar....!

VwPm d§e Mmbbm AgVm _moR>çm {X_mImZo H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV, \$moS>br AgVr S>aH$mir dZamO qghmà_mUo bm§~wZM Amnbo åhUUmar hmoVm amOm amOmM amhrbm AgVm Odi Joë`mda _mÌ Xÿa H$aUmar....! nw§OrdmXr g_mOmMm Jwbm_ Pmbm ZgVm H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV, XmId Vw `mbm Ë`mMm ^wbbobm añVm n¡emZo {dH$V KoVm `oUmar Ia§M {~agm Vw AgVm Va..... &&3&& Va H$mhr ào_mZo Amnbogo H$aUmar....! JaO Amho ao `mbm VwÂ`m EH$m hmHo$Mr H$mhr ZmVr AgVmV, AmR>dU H$éZ Xo Vw Mmb{dboë`m Am§XmobZmMr Z OmoS>Vm gwÕm {Q>H$mUmar {ZH$S> ^mgbr Amho EH$m Hw$eb ZoV¥ËdmMr Va H$mhr OmoSy>Z gwÕm VwQ>Umar ....! AmR>dU H$éZ Xo Vw AmVm VwÂ`m CbJwbmZm§Mr Ia§M {~agm AmO Vw AgVm Va..... &&4&&

YZ§O` ìhr. C_H$ Hw$. {S>ånb A. ~mdUo ~r.Eggr.-1 ~r.H$m°_.-1

21 g¡{ZH$ Am`wî` AgM§ OJm`M§ AgV§

^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m§Mm Kmg amoO AS>Vmo AmoR>r Oo KS>ob Vo ghZ H$am`M§ AgV§ g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r, g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>!r ~XbË`m OJm~amo~a ~Xbm`M§ AgV§ Am`wî` Ag§M OJm`M§ AgV§ dmdaVmo {\$aVmo Amåhr, {ZË`H$_© AdKo H$aVmo am~Vmo Amnwë`m joÌm, {M_Ê`m§Mo nmoQ>o ^aVmo Hw$Ry>Z gwé Pmb§ ho _mhrV Zgb§ nar AmR>d `oVmo Vw_Mm, AmVS>o VwQ>Vog nmoQ>r g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r ! Var Hw$R>o Wm§~m`M ho R>adm`M§ AgV§ ñdV…À`m gwImnojm Amam_ {dgabmo Amåhr, Amigmbm _wir Z Wmam BVam§Zm gwIr H$am`M§ AgV§ &&Y¥&& CÎmaoH$Sy>Z `m BH$S>o, dmVm©gh `oVmo dmam EoH$VmM H$m Alw§Mr S>moù`mV hmoVog XmQ>r Xþ…I Am{U Alw§Zm _ZmV H$m|Sy>Z R>odm`M§ AgV§ g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r ! hgVm Zmhr Amb§ Var hgdm`M§ AgV§ &&Y¥&& CJdbm {Xdg _mdiVmo, A§Yma XmQ>Vmo amÌr n§Im_Ü`o ~i Amë`mZ§Va KaQ>§ gmoS>m`M§ AgV§ _mD$br {\$adVo H$a Amnwbo WH$ë`m JmÌr AmH$memV PonmdyZhr YaVrbm {dgam`M§ ZgV§ &&Y¥&& ñdßZmV `oD$Zr qMVm H$miOm XþI{dVo XoR>r g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r ! _aUmZ§ g_moa `oD$Z Ord Oar _m{JVbm Var a{jVm Vwåhr ñdmV§Í`m, àmUm§g KoD$Zr hmVr _mJwZ _mJwZ H$m` _m§{JVbg§ AgM§ åhUm`M§ AgV§ Vw_À`mñVd Am_wMr bú_r, Vw_À`mñVd eoVr^mVr BÀN>m Agmo dm Zgmo, OÝ_^a dmH$m`M§ AgV§ EH$Q>`m {enm`mgmR>r PwaVmV A§Vao H$moQ>r nU OJ gmSo >VmZ§ m _mÌ g_mYmZmZ § Om`M § AgV § &&Y&¥ & g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r, g¡{ZH$ hmo Vw_À`mgmR>r!

Jm¡ad Jmo. MaS>o {Zboe Xo. ~moaOo ~r.Eggr.-1 ~r.E.-2

22 e[hX... H$Wm {VÀ`m OrdZmMr.... ~K Zm AmB© doi AmO H$er d¡arZ Pmbr` VwPr ^oQ> Z KoVmM _mPr OmÊ`mMr doi Ambr`... _wbJr Agbr Varhr ñdßZ _mÌ AZoH$ AmhoV Km`mi Oar Pmbmo Var AZoH$ Xþ…ImZr doT>bob§ AOyZgwÕm bT>Vmo Amho Ag VrM§ OJ Amho. AmB©... B§M B§M OI_m N>mVrda KoD$Z nÌ eodQ>M§ {b{hVmo Amho, A`eñdr Pmbr EH$Xm Var nÌ eodQ>M§ {b{hVmo Amho... g§Yr _mÌ XoV ZmhrV {VM _Z, {VÀ`m ^mdZm bhmZnUrÀ`m gd©M Jmoï>r AmB© g_OyZ Hw$UrM KoV Zmhr OemÀ`m Ví`m AmR>dVmV `m dfm©daVr _mÂ`m S>moù`mVbr AmB©-dS>rbm§Zm gwÕm AmgdgwÕm JmoR>dVmV _wbJrM OS> AgVo IwnXm dmQ>V§ AmB© VwÂ`m H$R>moa XJS>m§Mm Vr Hw$erV `oD$Z {ZOmd§ Ë`m§À`mgmR>r JS> AgVo VwÂ`m ào_mÀ`m dfm©dmV nwÝhm EH$Xm {^Omd {e{jV Agb§ OJ Var nU _bm R>mD$H$ Amho, hþ§S>çmbm Vr ~ir OmVo Ag§ AmVm hmoUma Zmhr Hw$UmMr gwZ qH$dm nËZr AmB© doi _bm gmoSy>Z åhUwZ {VM Va N>ibr OmVo. [aË`m hmVr OmUma Zmhr Amnb Ka AmR>dyZ AmB© nU {H$Vrhr Xþ…I Ambo Var EH$Q>mM aS>Vmo Amho Vr gJi§ ghZ H$aVo aS>Vm aS>Vm AmB© nÌ eodQ>M§ {b{hVmo Amho.... gwI Amnë`mbmhr {_iob AmB©... AmB©.... AmB©... H$Yr Var åhUyZ Vr dmQ> nmhVo. nwÝhm Mma XmoZ Jmoù`m H$miOm_Ü`o bmJë`m AmhoV VwÂ`m gJù`mV AmR>dUr H$miOm_Ü`o OmJë`m AmhoV.

Hw$. àoaUm A. YmoQ>o am`~m Vm. WmoQ>o ~r.Eggr.-1 ~r.Eggr.-1

23 H$m AgVmV eoVH$è`m§Mr Ago ho bmoH$? qH$_V

H$m? AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$ Á`m§À`mH$S>o eoVr Zmhr Á`m§À`m ~mobÊ`m_wio Amnbo ñdßZM VwQy>Z OmVmV Ë`m§Zm H$m` H$iUma ? H$m AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$? AÞmMr qH$_V Oo Zoh_r ^m§S>U H$aVmV H$m? gwI Zmhr nmhÿeH$V Vo Xþgè`m§M§ Ë`m§Zm H$m` H$iUma ? H$m? AgVmV Ë`mMo Ago {dMma eoVH$è`m§Mr qH$_V H$m? Vo ^md-^mdZm Zmhr g_Py eH$V Xþgè`m§À`m H$m AmdS>VmV Ë`m§Zm BVam§À`m Jmoï>r H$aU§ Á`m§À`mH$S>o eoVr Zmhr Xodm Vy H$go KS>{dbo ho OJ Ë`m§Zm H$m` \$aH$ nS>Uma ? Xodm Vw H$m` nmhÿZ~Z{dbo ho OJ eoVH$ar AmË_hË`m H$amo {OWo bmoH$ bmoH$m§Mo ZmhrV qH$dm OJmo H$m? ~Z{dbo Vy ho Hw$Qw>§~ {OWo bmoH$m§Zm Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m AW©M Zmhr _m{hV Ë`m§Zm H$m` _mhrV H$m? AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$ `m eoVH$è`m§Mo OrdZ Á`m§À`m EH$m eãXm_wio aŠVmM§ nmUr hmoV H$ï>, hmb, _O~yar Xodm Vy H$m {Xbo Ago eãX bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zm Zmhr H$iUma H$m? AgVmV BVam§À`m nmR>r_mJo Zoh_rgmR>r Xþ…I H$m? Ë`m§À`m OrdZm_Ü`ogwI Zmhr H$m H$aVmV Vo ^m§S>U Á`m§À`m Kar Zoh_r H$m H$aVmV Vo BVam§Zm {Zame nm¡{U©_m AgVo Ë`m§Zm Xodm Vy H$moUË`m ^mZJS>rV Q>mH$bo bmoH$m§Zm H$m` _mhrV A_mdñ`m H$m hmoVmV gJirH$S>o _mb_Îmo gmR>r ^m§S>U H$m` AgVo Xodm _bm àíZ nS>bm H$s, H$m AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$? Ë`m§Zm H$m` H$iUma Á`m§À`m_wio OrdZ OJÊ`mMr BÀN>mM hmoV Zmhr Zm{nH$ eoVr_wio H$m AgVmV Hw$UmÀ`m nmR>r_mJo Xþ…IXþ…I? nmoQ>mbm nS>bobo Q>mMo H$m AgVmV Hw$UmÀ`m nmR>r_mJo gyIM gyI? {H$Vr Ìmg XoVmV Vo H$m Mm§Jë`m bmoH$m§Zm Mm§Jbo bmoH$ Zmhr _mhrV Xodm H$go KS>{dbo Vy bmoH$m§Zm Á`m§À`mH$S>o eoVr AgVo Á`m§À`m ~mobÊ`m_wio Ka gmoSy>Z Omdg dmQ>Vo Ë`m§ZmM H$iVo eoVH$è`m§Mr qH$_V H$m AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$ ? H$m AgVmV Ago ho bmoH$ ?

Hw$. _`war Ama. {héS>H$a Hw$. nwZ_ Eg. JmS>oH$a ~r.H$m°_.-1 ~r.H$m°_.-1

24 am`\$b _¡Z Ogd§V qgh amdV H$a nwar ~Q>m{b`Z bm¡Q> J`r boH$sZ AmXoe H$m nmbZ Z H$aVo hþEam`\$b _¡Z Ogd§V qgh, bm§g Zm`H$ {ÌbmoH$ qgh ZoJr Am¡a am`\$b _¡Z Jmonmb qgh JwgmB© Zhr bm¡Q>o& Bg dŠV Ogd§V qgh eara Vmo {_Q> OmVm h¡ na OÁ~m h_oem qOXm ahVm h¡& amdV Zo EH$ H$S>m Am¡a AXå` \¡$gmbm {b`m H$s Hw$N> ^r hmo Om`o `h H$hmdV 1962 Ho$ ^maV-MrZ `wÕ _o 72 K§Q>o VH$ AHo$bo dmo dmng Zhr Om`|Jo Am¡a CÝhmoZo bm§g Zm`H$ {ÌbmoH$ Am¡a Mr{Z`m| go bS>Zo dmbo ehrX _hmdra MH«$ {dOoVm amB\$b _¡Z Jmonmb qgh H$mo dmng ^oO {X`m Am¡a IwX ZyamZm§J H$s nmoñQ> na Ogd§V qgh amdV na gQ>rH$ ~¡R>Vr h¡& ^maV _m± Ho$ J^© go n¡Xm V¡ZmV hmoH$a Xþí_ZmoH$mo AmJo Z ~T>Zo XoZo H$m \¡$gbm {H$`m& hmoZo dmbo d¡go Vmo bmImo OdmZ h¡ _Ja Hw$N> OdmZ Eogo ^r hmoVo h¡ Omo h_oem Ho$ {bE AnZr ~hmXþarHo$ P§S>o JmT> XoVo h¡& CZ_o go Ogd§V [g§h amdV Zo AHo$bohr 72 K§Q>mo VH$ MrZ Ho$ EH$ Zm_ ^maV _m± Ho$ Am±Mb CÎmamI§S> H$s YaVr na OÝ_o dra 300 Xþí_ZmoH$mo _m¡V Ho$ KmQ> CVmam Am¡a H$sgr H$mo ^r AmJo Zhr Ogd§V qgh amdV H$m ^r h¡ {OZHo$ O¡gr ~hmXþarem`X AmOVH$ ~T>Zo {X`m& `h CZH$s gwP~wP Ho$ H$maU hr g§^d hmo gH$m& Ho$ B{Vhmg _o H$moB© hr H$a nm`m h¡& Bg dra OdmZ H$s ~hmXþarna Š`y§{H$ CÝhm|Zo nmoñQ> H$s AbJ AbJ OJhm| na am`\$b V¡ZmV {OVZo eãX {bIy CVZo H$_ h¡ _Ja {\$a ^r BZH$s ~hmXþarH$s H$a Xr Wr Am¡a Hw$N> BVa Vah go \$m`[a¨J H$a aho Wo H$s MrZ H$s gÀMr XmñVm§ H$mo eãXmo _| {namoH$a BZH$s draVm H$mo ~`mZ H$a hr goZm H$mo bJ ahm Wm H$s `hm± nyar H$s nyar ~Q>m{b`Z _m¡OyX h¡& XoVm hÿ±& Bg ~rM amdV Ho$ {bE ImZo-nrZo H$m gm_mZ Am¡a CZH$s _XV dhm± H$s Xmo ~hZm| e¡bm Am¡a Zyam Zo {H$ {OZH$s ehmXV H$mo ^r {nVm Jw_mZ qgh amdV H$s XoIaoI _o nbo nT>o Am¡a H$_ Zhr Am±H$m Om gH$Vm& 72 K§Q>o VH$ MrZ H$s goZm `o Zhr brbm Xodr amdV H$s H$moI go OÝ_o dra Ogd§V qgh amdV H$m g_P nmB© H$s CZHo$ gmW b‹S>Zodmbm EH$ AHo$bm g¡{ZH$ h¡& OÝ_ 19 AJñV 1941 H$mo hþAmWm& 19 gmb H$s C_« _o dmo {\$a 3 {XZ Ho$ ~mX O~ Zwam H$s MrZr g¡{ZH$mo Zo nH$S> {bhm Vmo Am_u _o ^aVr hþE&^maV _m± H$m `h dra OdmZ 17 Zdå~a CÝhmZo BYa go agX H$aZo dmbr e¡bm na J«oZoS> go h_bm {H$`m 1962 Ho$ MrZ `wÕ _o draJVr H$mo àmßV hþAm&`o H$hmZo h¡ O~ Am¡a dram§JZm e¡bm ehrX hmo J`r Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo Zyam H$mo 1962 _o MrZ Zo ^maV H$mo H$amar {eH$ñV Xr Wr& Cg `wÕ _o ^r _ma {X`m Am¡a CZH$s ~S>r ehmXV H$mo h_oem Ho$ {bE qOXm h_mao Xoe Ho$ H$B© Om§~mOm| Zo AnZo bhÿgo Jm¡adJmWm {bIr Wr& aIZo Ho$ {bE AmO ^r ZyaZm§J _| ^maV H$s A§{V_ gr_m na Xmo CZ_o go EH$ ehrX dr `moÕm Ogd§V [g§h {OgH$m Zm_ AmZo na Z nhm{S>`m h¡ {OZH$mo Zyam Am¡a e¡bm Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡& BgHo$ Ho$db ^maVdmgr ~pëH$ MrZr ^r gÝ_mZ go {ga PwH$m XoVo h¡& dmo ~mdOyX ^r Ogd§V qgh amdV Xþí_Zm|go b‹S>Voaho na agX H$s _moM} na b‹S>oAm¡a Eogo b‹S>oH$s Xþ{Z`mh¡amZ ah JB©& H$S>r H$_Omoa nS> J`r Wr Am¡a {\$a Ogd§V qgh Zo 17 Zdå~a AéUm§Mb àXoe na H$ãOm H$aZo Ho$ {bE MrZr`moZo 1962 H$mo IyX H$mo Jmobr _ma H$a AnZo àmU Ý`moN>mda H$a {X`m Mm¡Wm Am¡a Am{Iar h_bm {H$`m Vmo Cg dŠV dhm± ^maVr` goZm Am¡a ^maV _m± H$s JmoX _o h_oem Ho$ {bE A_a hmo J`m& Zm Vmo `wÕ Ho$ {bE V¡`ma Wr Z H$moB© aU{ZVr Wr Am¡a Z hr Á`mXm {\$a O~ MrZr g¡{ZH$mo Zo XoIm H$s dmo 3 {XZ go EH$ hr OdmZ Wo Am¡a XþgarVa\$ MrZr AnZr nwar VmH$V Ho$ gmW Omoamo {gnmh Ho$ gmW bS> aho Wo Vmo dmo ^r h¡amZ ah JE& dmo Ogd§V go h_bm H$aVm Om ahm Wm& A~ hmbmV O~ H$m~y go ~mha hmo qgh amdV H$m ga H$mQ>H$a AnZo Xoe bo JU& 20 Zdå~a 1962 J`o Vmo `hm± go JT>dmb am`\$b H$s 4th ~Q>m{b`Z H$mo dhm± ^oO H$mo `wÕ {dam_ H$s KmofUm H$a Xr J`r Wr Am¡a Mrnr H$_m§S>a Zo {X`m J`m& boH$sZ MrZr goZm ~b `§Ìmo Ho$ gmW ^anya Wr& dmo ha Ogd§V qgh H$s Bg ghmgrH$ ~hmXþarH$mo XoIVo hþEZ {g\©$ _moM©o na ^maVr` goZm na hmdr hmoVo Om aho Wo& Am¡a h_mao ~hþVgo Ogd§V qgh H$m era dmng bm¡Q>m`m ~pëH$ gÝ_mZ ñdén EH$ OdmZ ehrX hmo aho Wo& Am¡a Bg H$maU ^maV Zo AnZr hma H$mo H$m§g H$s ~Zr hþB© Ogd§V qgh H$s _y{V© ^r ^|R> H$s& ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþEZwamZm§J nmoñQ> na S>Q>r JT>dmb am`\$b H$s 4th {Og OJa na Ogd§V qgh Zo Xþí_ZmoHo$ Xm§V IÅ>o{H$`o ~Q>m{b`Z H$mo ^r dmng ~wbmZo H$m AmXoe Xo {X`m& AmXoe nmbZ Wo Cg OJa na Ogd§V qgh Ho$ Zm_ mH$ EH$ _§{Xa ~Zm`m J`m h¡& 25 Am¡a Cg _§{Xa _o MrZr H$_m§S>a Ûmam gm¢nr J`r Ogd§V H$s _y{V© \$m¡Or H$s ~hZ H$mo aIm J`m h¡& Am¡a `hm go JwOaZo dmbm ha ì`ŠVr CZH$mo ere PwH$mVm h¡ Am¡a OdmZ AnZr S>çwQ>r na OmZo go nhbo CZH$mo Z_Z \$m¡Or H$r ~hZ hþ,gmoMVr hþ{H$Zmam H$a bw Xoe H$mo Xoe H$aVm h¡& XoI bo, _¡ AnZr OrZo H$m ghmam H$a bw& Zm Zm Zm BVZm ~S>m Ogd§V qgh amdV Ho$ Zm_ go ZyamZm§J _o EH$ OJh ^r h¡ Ohm BZH$m ~hþV~S>m ñ_maH$ h¡& Ohm± BZH$s ha MrO H$mo ~{bXmZ Z Xo nmD§$Jr Xmo dŠV amoQ>r Ho$ ~Xbo ^mB© H$s OmZ Z Xo g§^mb H$a aIm J`m h¡& dhm CZHo$ H$nS>mo na amoO àog H$s OmVr nmD§$Jr& \$m¡Or H$s ~hZ Zhr `o Jd© _ZmZm h¡ _wPo Vmo ^mB© g§J h¡ amoO CZHo$ ~wQ>mo na nm°bre H$s`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a amoO gw~h {XZ hmobr, {Xdmbr H$m nd© _ZmZm h¡& H$nH$nrVo hmWmo go Ka Zhr Am¡a amV H$s ^moOZ H$s nhbr Wmbr Ogd§V qgh amdV H$mo gOmZm MmhVr hþ_¡ Vmo ^mB© g§J {~_ma _m±-~mn H$m BbmO H$aZm namogr OmVr h¡& Ogd§V qgh amdV ^maVr` goZm Ho$ AHo$bo MmhVr hþ&Zm H$d{`Ìr hþ,Zm bo{IH$m, Zm gm{hË`H$ma hþ\$m¡Or g¡{ZH$ h¡ {OÝho _m¡V Ho$~mX ^r à_moeZ {_bZm ewé h¡& nhbo H$s ~hZ hþ,^md {dde hþ,AmH«$mo{eV hþ,bmMma hþ,eãX Zhr Zm`H$, {\$a H°$ßQ>Z Am¡a A~ dmo _oOa OZab Ho$ nX na nhþ§M MwHo$ h¡& Am¡a CZH$s nyar VZ»dm CZHo$ nardma H$mo _rbVr h¡& {_b aho Wo, A§V_©Z H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE qH$Vw em`X BVZo hr dra Ogd§V qgh amdV H$m bmohm {g\©$ ^maV Zhr ~pëH$ H$m\$s h¡ aJmo _o ~hVo nmZr H$mo aŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE& nwar Xþ{Z`m_mZVr h¡& h_| ^r Jd© h¡ H$s h_ Eogo dramo H$s ^y{_ _| h_mao Mohao XoIVo h¡ Vmo {gha OmVo h¡, ^mB© H$~ AmE§Jo n¡Xm hþEh¡& Ho$ Odm~ _o {nVm {g\©$ JX©Z {hbmVo h¡& _mZm A§Xa go _O~wV hþ "O` qhX' bo{H$Z BVZm ~S>m {Xb Zhr H$s ^mB© Ho$ Qw>H$S>o _¡ hmWmo _o g_oQ> bw& BVZr {ZS>a Zhr, XheV Ho$ gm`o _o Am¡a Or Zhr nmD§$Jr h_mao {Zem§V aodVH$a h¡, ~g h_mao gahX go N>rZ bmD§$Jr na Bggo nhbo EH$ H$g_ _¡ ~r.H$m°_.- 1 (B§J«Or) ImD§$Jr O~ VH$ BZ 47 _m¡Vmo H$m ~Xbm Zhr bo boVo _¡ AnZm Ka Zhr gOmD§$Jr, Ka Zhr gOmD§$Jr& \$m¡Or H$s ~hZ hþ, MmhH$a ^r {H$Zmam Zhr H$a nmD§$Jr, BVZr bmemo H$m ~moP CR>mH$a ^mB© g§J hmobr, {Xdmbr H¡$go _Zm nmD§$Jr, _¡ $H¡$go _Zm nmD§$Jr&

Hw$. nm¡{U©_m dm`. _|S>bo ~r.H$m°_.- 1 (B§J«Or)

26 "dmo' g_` qOXJr Zo `h H¡$gm éI _mo‹S>{b`m h¡, Š`mo {nQ> ahm ga Cg Mm¡IQ> na EH$ Mwb~wbr e¡VmZ H$mo Jw_gw_ ~Zm {X`m h¡& {XZ ^a ^yI bJZo dmbr H$s ^yI hr {_Q>m {X`m h¡& {Ogo g_` {H$ gr_m Zhr... ha {XZ {OgHo$ Mohao na h±gr ahVr Wr, éH$Zm h¡ éH$ na `mX aho AmO CgH$s h±gr hr {_Q>m {X`m h¡& R>haoJm H$moB© gmW Zhr &

{OgH$s Am±Imo _o h_oem M_H$ ahVr Wr, {Og amh na {ZH$bH$a J`m g_` AmO CgH$s Am±Imo _o {g\©$ Am±gw hr N>mo‹S>{X`m h¡& dmo amh H$hm XmohamVm h¡ Omo AmO h¡ dmo H$b Š`m hmoJm _Ja Zhr h¡ dmo H$_Omoa, `o dhr g_` ~VmVm h¡ & Zhr {XImVr AnZo Am±gw Nw>nm boVr h¡ AnZo A§Xa Omo ^r h¡ Mbm OmVm h¡ Š`m|H$s AmO H$b Š`mo H$hÿ {H$ CS>Vm dmo n§N>r B§gmZ-B§gmZ H$mo Zhr g_P nmVm, ~g {VZH$m boH$a OmVm h¡ & Vmo {\$a `h Vmo Am±gw h¡, Z OmZo H$~ H$hm {ZH$b OmE& _¡ Vmo H$hVr H$s ha amoO gw~h gwaO go {_bH$a AmVm h¡ _wñHw$am boVr h¡ dmo XþgamoHo$ gm_Zo, CÞVr H$m H$mamo~ma gXm g§^mb boVr h¡ dm XþgamoH$mo, _Ja Zhr g§^mb nmVr dmo IwX H$mo& gnZmo Ho$ X_ na MbVm h¡ ~rO bJo bJVm h¡ & Eo - qOXJr Mmho Qw>Q> MwH$s hmo dmo nwar, Omo ^r h¡ Mbm OmVm h¡ _Ja hmaoJr Zhr dmo H$^r, Š`m gwZm H$^r dmo {díd H$hr ^bohr hmo dmo AmO H¡$X n§N>r H$s Vah, _Ja CS>oJr H$b dmo AmOmX n§N>r H$s Vah& IË_ hþ~m `m ~Zm Zhr gmJa Wm_o `o nd©V ^r Eo-qOJXr, H$^r OJh go {hbm Zhr & qOXJr OrZm Vmo "dmo' g~H$mo {gImEJr&& go g_` H$^r éH$Vm Zhr Zm éH$dm gH$Vo dmo Vmo OmVm h¡ h¡ dmo Vmo OmVm hr h¡ &

Hw$. _mZgr _. _IoOm Hw$. H$[aí_m nm§. Imnao ~r.H$m°_.-1 (B§J«Or) ~r.E.-3

27 14 \$adar 2019 ~mohmoV S>a bJm _m± _m¡V go V~ H$í_ra _¡ _m± bw H¡$go gh nm`oJr _oam nwbdm_m Jm±d go AmYm-AYwam eara Om ahm Wm $H°$ån na nVm MboJm VwPo O~ _m± Om ahm Wm H°$ån na.... _oam Moham ^r Zgr~ Zm hþdm _m±... _oam Moham ^r Zgr~ Zm hþdm AmV§H$s h_bm h¡ ~méX go ^am `o Q´>H$ _m± Vw Omoa Omoa go amo`Jr _m± _oao ~g go h¡ Q>H$am`m Vw V~ VS>n-VS>n Ho$ amo`§Jr... _m±... _oao ~g go h¡ Q>H$am`m Xþ…IZhr h¡ {H$gr ~mV H$m _m± ãbmñQ>gmam hþAm_m± dra _aU h¡ _wPo Am`m bo J`m VwPgo _wPo Xþa Cg dŠV ~g BVZm h¡ _wPo IQ>H$m`m Bg Xoe H$m ha amÁ` H$m Cg dŠV ~g BVZm h¡ _wPo IQ>H$m`m OdmZ e{hX hþdm _m±... ha OdmZ e[hX hþdm... _oao ^maV _m± H$m {Va§Jm bhamZo go OmXm _m± V~ _oam {Xb _m± AmO H$\$Z H$m_ h¡ Am`m Omoa Omoa go {Mëbm`m _m±... H$\$Z H$m_ h¡ Am`m ~g EH$ ~ma _wPo E ^JdmZ bo boZo Xo Am{edm©X _m± H$m ß`ma H$m `o {XZ _m± Z\$aV \¡$bm J`m na V~ _oar _m± AmO `o nwbdm_m AQ>±H$ {H$gr EH$ Zo Zm gwZr _m± nwam Xoe h¡ {Mëbm`m _oao gmWo _oao ^mB©`m| Zo ^r ^maV _m H$s ~mV gwZr Vw AHo$br Zhr amo`r _m± _m±... ^maV _m± H$s ~mV gyZr nwam Xoe h¡ Voao gmW amo`m nwam Xoe Voao gmW h¡ amo`m... {Z^m boZo Xo d\$m _wPo _m± AnZr ^maV _m± go (qhXÿñWmZgo) AJbo OZ_ {Z^mD§$Jm _m± ahm H$O© Voam AmYm-AYwam _m±... ahm H$O© Voam AmYm AYwam Hw$. gmoZmbr Eb. {héS>H$a ~r.H$m°_.-1 (B§J«Or)

28 GARBAGE POLLUTION AND 3) Add ingrediend. Place a 4 inch layers of stemmy IT'S MANAGEMENT plants, sticks in the bottom of the bin. 4) Add kitchen wastes, dead plant. grass clippings Garbage pollution is a HUGE global problem. We and chopped leaves to the bin. produce so many products and throw out so much every 5) Add water as often as needed to keep the material day that garbage and waste disposal is turning into a major moist but not soggy. ecological nightmare . Lets' take the case of America - they 6) Turn this ingredient in the composter. throw away enough garbage every day to full 63,000 garbage trucks. That if we lined the garbage truck to end 7) The compost is ready to use when you can no they would reach half way to the moon. Let's find out longer recognize the original ingredient. How does garbage decay ? 8) Until you use it in your garden, keep your compost covered to prevent rain from leaching our 1) Biodegradable matter will decay if given enough nutrients. time. The time can vary depending upon density of the matter, weather, condition, location, temperature & number of decomposer. Ku. Tejaswini S. Belkhede 2) Decomposers can be animals, earthworms, B.Sc. - II (Microbiology) insects, fungus, bacteria or any other organism that eats biodegradable matter. Where does our garbage go? 1) The garbage man also known as a trash collector collect garbage and then dumped into a huge truck and then into landfill. 2) At landfill some of the trash might be burnt some is buried under soil and some is recycled. 3) Management companies make sure that the decomposing trash does not harm people or the water system. 4) They work hard to keep hazardous waste out of the landfill only a little more than half of all of the garbage ends up in the landfill. So where does the test go? Another 33% is recycled and the rest is burnt in incinerators. 5) Incinerators are special facilities that burn the trash down to ash. Homemade remedy for the management of garbage 1) Set a homemade composer on the ground in an easily accessible place. 2) Make a circle about 30 Sq.Ft. in diameter out of 3 to 4 foot high welded wire or plastic garden fencing. 29 WATER IS LIEF Reported cases and death by water born diseases in India : Diseases 2015 2016 2017 Introduction : Cases Death Cases Death Cases Death 1) Water is one of the most essential substances Cholera 913 4 718 3 385 3 required for life without water life could not exist. Water Dirrhea 12913606 1353 14166574 1555 9230572 840 has curious and unusual properties and plays on important Typhoid 1937413 452 2215805 511 1493050 286 role in living systems. Thus, "No life without water." is a common saying. Prevention : 2) Microorganisms get into natural waters from air, ?Wash hands throughly after using the toilet, changing a soil, sewage, organic wastes, dead plant and animals, etc. diaper. Thus almost any type of organisms may be found in water. ?Wash hands after handling animals, contact with 3) However water gets contaminated as soon as it animal quaters, cleaning up animal faces or gardening. reaches the ground. Human play major role in water contamination. ?Wash hands before and after preparing food or eating. 4) Potable water or drinking water is defined as water ?Wash all raw vegetables and fruits before eating. which is free from pathogenic microorganisms and ?Drink and eat only posteurized dairy products and chemicals that are harmful to human health. juices. 5) Around 780 million people do not have acess to ?Prevent contact of cooked foods with raw foods. clean and safe water. As a result 6-8 million people die each ?Clean and sanitize all utensils, equipments and year due to water related disease and disaster. surfaces before and after each use. 6) They are many diseases which could be ?Avoid preparing food for other while you have transmitted through water ex. typhoid, dysentry, cholera, symptoms. polio. Brucellosis, Hepatitis, Amoebiosis, maleria, ?Do not drink top water or use ice while travelling to a filariasis etc. high-risk destination unless the water source ash been Five most dangerous water related diseases that occure properly treated. in India with their symptoms : ?

Disease Symptoms Ku. Bhavana P. Dhopre Cholera Rapid heart beat, loss of skin elasticity, low blood pressure, thirst, muscle cramps. B.Sc. II (Biotechnology) Dirrhea Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and pains urgent need to go to the toilet. Typhoid Headaches, weight loss, weakness, skin rash, fever, hair loss, vomiting. Malaria Headaches, fast heart rate, sweating, mental confussion, night sweat. Filariasis Swealling or swollen lymph nodes

30 The Prodigious journey of off 150 balls in the West Zone Under-19 Tournament. SMRITI MANDHANA... A few years later, she scored her first international Indian Women Cricketer hundred. It was the second ODI game of India's tour of Australia in 2016, and Mandhana scored 102 runs off 109 She is from Sangli, Maharashtra, Smriti Shriniwas balls. Mandhana (born 18 July 1996) is an Indian Cricketer who When Mandhana playing for under-19 Mandhana plays for the Indian Women's team. had been big decision to make "Class X boards", she At the age of 15, Smriti Mandhana wanted to laughs. "I wanted to study science, but my mother wouldn't forego a carrer in cricket and instead study science. By the to able to balance studies and cricket then." Science clearly age of 19, she was the key batsman of an Indian side that was not her thing, and her mother's decision, which she is had completed historic wins in England and Australia. thankful for now, stood vindicated as Mandhana scored Smriti Mandhana made her ODI debut in the year three centuries and two double century to unbeaten against 2013. Gujrat. In a short span of time, Smriti Mandhana has made In Smriti Mandhana's life there are have been quite a name for herself on the cricket field. The 22 year many highs and lows in her career so far, but she has dealt old, who made her ODI debut in 2013 and Test debut in all situations by maintaining a positive frame of mind.. 2014, was the only Indian player to be named in the ICC "Highs of my career would be getting injured. But I dealt Women's Team of the year in 2016. She followed up the with them by being positive," says Mandhana. feat by helping the team reach the final of the 2017 It also helps that Mandhana's family is highly Women's Cricket World Cup, despite having sustained an supportive for her pursuits, and closely involved in her injury early that year. The Indian team, unfortunately, lost cricketing activities. Her father, Shrinivas, a chemical the match to England by nine runs. distributor, take care of her cricket programme while her It's undoubtedly a life of adventure that she leads. mother, Smita, is in charge of her diet, clothing or other One moment she is injured which made her miss the World organization aspects. Her brother, Shravan, on the other Cup qualifier and the Quadrangular series in South Africa hands, still bowls to her in the nets. and next moment she is part of the team that reaches the Outside of the World of cricket, when not winning final of a prestigious series. laurels for India, Mandhana is just like my other young So what keeps her motivated and determined Indian. Her favourite Actor is is Hrithik Roshan, her throughout all the mental and physical hardships? "Giving favourite singer is Arijit Singh and she like playing FIFA mom and dad a better life and making them happy keeps and other games in her free time. me motivated," says Mandhana, adding that her reason for But if her dream hadn't come true - if she hadn't getting into cricket was family - oriented as well. "I got become a cricketer - she would have chosen another high inspired to take up cricket," she says, "After watching my profile career. "I have been interest in cooking. If not brother play at the Maharashtra state under 16 tournaments cricketer I would have liked to opt for coocking and start and seeing his name in newspapers. "Mandhana herself my own restaurant." she says. The culinary world's loss, it was selected in Maharashtra's under-15 team at age of seems, is the sporting arena's gain. Nine, and Maharashtra under-19s team at age of eleven. Mandhana studies in first year Bachelor of Her very fast first breakthrough though, come when she Commerce in Chintaman Rao College in Sangli. become the first Indian women to achive a double hundred In June 2018, the Board of Control for cricket in a one day game, in 2013. She was playing for (BCCI) named her as the Best Women's International Maharashtra (against Gujrat) and scored an unbeaten 224 31 Cricketer. CRIME AGAINST WOMEN In December 2018 the International Cricket Council (ICC) awarded her best with the Rachael Heyhoe - Crime against women such as rape, acide flint Award for the best female cricketer of the year. throwing, dowry killings, honor killings and the forced prostitution of young girls has been reported in India. She also named as the ODI player of the year by Police records in India show a high incidence of crimes the ICC at the same time in 2018. against women. The National Crime Record Bureau In September 2016, Mandhana was signed up for a reported in 1998 that by 2010 growth in the rate of crimes one-year deal with Brushane Heat the Women's Big Bash against women would exceed the population growth rate. Earlier, many crimes against women were not reported to League )WBBL) in June 2018. Mandhana signed for Kia police due to the social stigma attached to rape and Super League defending champions Western Storm molestation. Official statistics show a dramatic increase in league. the number of reported crime against women. In November 2018, she was named in the Hobart Acid throwing : Hurricanes squad for the 2018-19 Women's Big Bash A Thomas Reuters Foundation survey says that India is the fourth most dangerous place in the world for League season. In 3 August 2018, she scored first century women to live in. The survey itself has been criticized for in the 2018 Women's Cricket Super League (WCSL) bias. Women belonging to any class, caste, creed of Smriti Mandhana says, "Think positively, Do religion can be victims fo this cruel form of violence and positively and Believe itself, you get success. disfigurement, a premeditated crime intended to kill or maim permanently and act as a lesson to put a women in her place. In India, acid attacks on women who dared to Ku. Mahashweta A. Bhelkar refuse a man's proposal of marriage or asked for a divorce are a form of revenge. Acis is cheap, easily available and B.Sc. - II the quickest way to destroy a women's life. The number of acid attacks has been rising. Rape : Rape in India has been described by Radha Kumar as one of India's most common crimes against women and by the UN's human rights chief as a "National Problem". Since the 1980s women's rights groups lobbied for marital rape to be declared unlawful, but the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 still maintains the marital exemption by stating in its exception clause under Section 3 7 5 , t h a t : "Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own life, the wife not being under fifteen years of age is not rape : While per capital reported incidents are quite low compared to other countries, even developed countries, a new case is reported every 20 minutes. New Delhi has one of the highest rape report among Indian cities. Sources show that rape cases in India have doubled between 1990 and 2008. Child Marriage : Child marriage has been traditionally prevalent in India but is not so continued in Modern India to this day. Historically, child brides would live with their parents until they reached puberty. In the past, child widows were

32 condemned to a life of great agony, shaved heads, living in framed. According to these rules, a signed list should be isolation and being shunned by society. Although child maintained of presents given at the time of the marriage to marraige was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common the bride and the bridegroom. The list should contain a practice. The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 is the brief description of each present, its approximate values, relevant legislation in the country. the same of who has given the present and relationship to According to UNICEF's "State of the World's the recipient. However, such rules are rarely enforced. Children - 2009" report, 47% of Indian's women aged 20- A 1997 report claimed that each year at least 24 were married before the legal age of 18, rising to 56% in 5,000 women in India die dowry - related deaths and at rural areas. The report also showed that 40% of the world's least a dozen die each day in kitchen fires, thought to be child marriages occur in India. intentional. The term from this is "bride burning" and is Domestic Violence : criticised within India itself. Amongst the urban educated, Domestic violence in India is endemic. Around such dowry abuse has reduced considerably. 70% of women in India are victim of domestic violence, In 2011, the National Crime Records Bureau according to Renuka Choudhary, former Union Minister reported 8,618 dowry deaths. Unofficial estimates claim for Women and Child Development. Domestic violence the figures are at least three times as high. was legally addressed in the 1980s when the 1983 Criminal Honor Killings : Law Act introduced section 498A "Husband or relative of Honor Killings have been reported in northern husband of a women subjecting her to cruelty." regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Punjab, The National Crime Records Bureau reveal that a Rajsthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, as a result of the girl crime against a women is committed every three minutes, a marrying without the family's acceptance and sometimes dowry death occurs every 77 minutes, and one case of for marrying outside her caste or religion. Haryana is cruelty committed by either the husband or relative of the notorious for incidents of honor killings, which have been husband occurs every nine minutes. This occurs despite described as "Chillingly common in villages of Haryana". the fact that women in India are legally protected from In contrast, honor killings are the western Indian states of domestic abuse under the protection of Women from Maharashtra and Gujrat. In some other parts of India, Domestic Violence Act. notably West Bengal, honor killings completely ceased In India, domestic Violence towards women in about a century ago, largely due to the activism and considered as any type of abuse that can be considered a influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, thrat, it can also be physical, psychological or sexual abuse Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy. In to any current or former partner. Domestic violence is not 2010, the supreme court of India issued notice in regards to handled as a crime or complaint, it is based on caste, class, honor killings to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar religious bias and race which also determines whether Pradesh, Rajshtan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and action is to be taken or not. Many studies have reported Madhya Pradesh. about the prevalence of the violence and have taken a Accusations of Witchcraft : criminal justice approach, but most woman refuse to report Violence against women related to accusations of it. These women are guaranted constitutional justice, Witchcroft occurs in Idnia, particularly in parts of dignity and equality but continue to refuse based on their Northern India. Belief in the supernatural among the sociocultural contexts. As the women refuse to speak of the Indian population is strong, and lynchings for Witchcraft violence and find help, they are also not receiving the are reported by the media. In Assam and West Bangal proper treatment. between 2003 and 2008 there were around 750 deaths Dowry : related to accusations of Witchcraft. Officials in the state In 1961, the Government of India passed the of Chhattisgarh reported in 2008 that at least 100 women Dowry Prohibition Act making dowry demands in are maltreated annually as suspected witches. wedding arrangements illegal. However, many cases of dowry- related domestic violence, suicides and murders Ku. Haridini B. Barmase have been reported. In the 1980s numerous such cases M.A. - I (English) were reported. In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) Rules were

33 SACHIN TENDULKAR Honorary Member of the order of Australia. In 2010, Time Magazine included Sachin in its Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (born 24 April 1973) is annual Time 100 list as one of the "Most Influential people a farmer Indian International Cricketer and a farmer in the world. In December 2012, Tendulkar announced his captain of the Indian National Team, regarded as one of the retirement from ODIs. He retired from twenty-20 cricket greatest batsman of all time. He is the highest run scorer of October 2013 and subsequently retired from all forms of all time in International cricket. Tendulkar took up cricket cricket on 16 November 2013 after playing 200th Test at the age of sixteen made his debute on 15 Nov. 1989 Match, against West Indies in Mumbai's Wankhede against Pakistan in Karachi. He is the only player who has Stadium. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket scored one hundred international centuries, the first matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs. Tendulkar's batsman to score a double century in a ODI, the holder of consistent performances earned him a fan following across the record for the most number of runs in both Test and the globe, including amongst Australia crowd, where ODI, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 Tendulkar has consistently scored centuries. One of the runs in International cricket. He is known as Master most popular sayings by his fans is "Cricket is my relegion Blaster and often referred to as the God of Cricket by and Sachin is my God." Sachin : A Billian Dreams, an Indian cricket followers. In 2001, Sachin Tendulkar Indian film directed by James Ersekine is based on the life became the first batsman to complete 10,000 ODI runs in of Tendulkar where Tendulkar played his character his 259 innings. In 2002 halfway through his career, himself. Wisden Cricketer's Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Richards. Later in Ku. Sabiya Begum his career, Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won M.A. - I (Eng.) the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India. He had been previously named "Player of the Tournament" at the 2003 edition of the tournament, held in South Africa. Tendular received the 'Arjuna Award' in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the 'Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna' award in 1997, Indias highest sporting honour, and the Padma Shei and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008 respectively, Indias fourth and second highest civilian awards. After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013, the Prime Minister's office anounced the decision to award him the 'Bharat Ratna', Indian highest civilian award. He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sport person to receive the award. He also won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sabers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC award in 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliment of India. He was also the first sport person and the first person without an a aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by Indian Force. In 2012 he was named an

34 EDUCATION SYSTEM entrepreneurs with vision - great missionarise - even great humanitatrians. What would come our of an education system that Today's education system may be good to scores forces people into debt? That sells educations? marks, but fails to retain the knowledge one students have What comes out of this education system are completed their examinations. This leads to young minds ruthless business men. A doctor who would sell you health being stifled at an age when they should be asking - above the market price. A Judge who would set justice questions, learning and gaining knowlede and developing above the market price with interest - A corrupt Govt. clerk thirst for more knowledge. who would sell you a pan card/Aadhar card / ID card up and If we need to solve this dubious mystery about above the market price with his commission - and on and why Indians, dor decades, have not been able to invent or on. Things will only get worse. The current Education innovate something that could revolutionise the way we System is designed to reach everone that the most live, the answer may well lie in the kind of education important objective in this world is not to earn knowledge system we have right from early scholing days. our basic but it is to make money! It is not earning knowledge but education system is rigid, rusty and mundane . Among buying knowledge - This our education system is setting schoolchildren, it hardly evokes and interest that could the priorities in place. ignite a scientific spark to carry forward in their lives. Education system basically devided into three That's why we lack innovating or inventing capabilities phase, elementary, secondary and higher education. despite the fact that lakhs of engineers and scientist Education is very important today because without graduate from their resepctable academic institutions year education you can not survive on lands. after year, but go without making any substantial In Vedic period, our education is totally depend contributions to the existing scientific knowledge pool. upon practical senario and no stress over student because in That's again the reason why we have remained a those days ever person choosed a passion and including in country that squarely depends on foreign countries. For work. Relationship between teacher and student is very our wares and we have remained fairly satisfied with the good. If I will talk about colonial period, here our inventions of 'zero' (~400BC) and pickles. education system totally obscure British ruler always Todays Education system has slowly been over oppressed all the time we can not focus our education and taken by private coaching institutes. It has become a also faced many hurdals. breeding ground for future corporate slaves. It has become Education Hurdals today - a golden goose for many private business man who would Matriculation exam now a today's family exa, our take every opportunities to extract as much as profit as they parents and societies compares with others so in our mind can during the tenure of over 15 years of education that creates fear. each student has to go through. Education cash, only those After matriculation exam, we move on 11th and who can afford the cash to pay for education will now be 12th here we faced may problems. able to purchase it. A) Physically changes on body and not aware. The other end of the spectrum is the govt. B) No one understand our feelings specially teacher sponsored education, anyone who graduates out of such reaction is very horrible. background bye any private sector. Thus those people reach back to coaching institutes again for skill set further C) Parents understand our child is next Eienstein. for competitive exams to ger placed in government jobs! D) Students creative passion, determination and The best option taken by many is the common thinking died and we always focus on Board exam. This route - MS in US! word "Board" is very board marks not a creativity. But in general the purpose of education is Conclusion : completely lost. The purpose of education is the create Need a good environment specially society or people who would create - to create great thinkers - great school. Don't compairing others because parent always authors - great researchers - great politicians - great compare other then our creativity destroyed. Thinking may 35 be out of box not inside. 6) Teachers are unable to teach in schools but they We can say that adolescent dreams represent a are taking tutions but they are taking tutions outside. Nation's Home! fearsafe, India this wealth is mostly burnt 7) Poor students are depending only on school on up in perparation for examination. school teacher while wealthy students joining 2-3 tution This line is very practical so we should need a new for simple subject. action specially in our education system, psychological 8) Mass students joins Engineering, very few join behaviour, Ethics and parent observations. Medical and remaining joins diploma course. So whole 1) No individual attention given to poor students system is producing engineers and doctors. they are always neglected and are made fun of. In short Indian education system is becoming 2) Students are not guided how to study on their own. factories producing quantity not quality students. Student wait for the teacher to complete the chapter. Education System in India needs a major change 3) Students are never mae to make studying a habit, 1) Every year something is change in the whole they cram before exams and if they didn't ger what they had syllabus which makes it difficult for teachers and students expected they commit suicide or sleep into depression. to adapt quickly. Education system is a ever evolving concept that 2) Syllabus in high school needs to be reduced. There will foresee new changes generation by generation. are many topics which are useless to students in their Simillarly a lot of new theories, concept and tools have future. The boards need to identify those topicc and been added to improve the infrastructure of the education remove or reduce it. system currently which eventually has improved the 3) There should be more stress on vocational quality of education in a great extent. education. Skill development is very important for the One thing that hugely affected in current students to help him somewhere in his future life but our education system in my opinion is E-learning. E-learning educational system is too much obsessed with academics is playing such a important role in so many schools now that they forget that books don't make a engineer but a and finally its importance is being realised by the authority. machine do. Fees : 4) Too much focus on foreign culture. Students are Nowadays education institute are like black holes never taught about greatness of their ancestors and their in which you just keep throwing money, there is no limit. rich history but are give example of many foreign culture Cheating : and are forced to accept them as superior. Let's admit that we all do it, there are desperate In the most successful culture in the world, it is the times that call desperate measure. Earlier, there used to be system that is responsible for the success of the students. simple under the clothes writing or writing on erasers Not solely the parent, Not solely the student, Not solely the cheating. teacher. The culture create the system. The hope is that So, these were some moments that current age Indians can find the grit and will to change their own students are missing out on and old age students miss. culture - one parent, student and teacher at a time. Regardless of the changes, student life is the best and education obviously necessary. Ku. Puja R. Harale 1) Students from 4th standard are unable to read from M.A. - I (Eng.) their mother tongue. 2) Students from 7th standards are unable to do basic maths calculations. 3) No school can fails students upto 8th standard, they are just moved up. 4) Private school are taking huge amount of fees in the name of extra circular activities. 5) No one is taking care of dying government school. 36 This Generation Boon For Life

This generation would rather be encircled by people who encourage them to fight their brethrem, Starting from our birth, the journey start than encourage them to unite as one body. We were his tiny little diamond part. This generation spends more time on social media acquiring followers than taking time to build long lasting Holding little fingers, teaches us to walk relationship. Proud he feels, when we talk. This generation is so used to using emojis Weekends were special, He take us to zoo rather than displaying raw emotion. Seeing us crying, Was not easy for him too. This generation would rather be surrounded by friends who tear them down He starve for us, from day to night than people who build them up. Living in dark, for our future be bright. This generation thinks happiness equals the amount of money in the bank, rather than living a content, meaningful life. Problems were increasing without any brake This generation would rather mock But he was always ready to overtake. others who put effort into their education than learn from them. Exams were approaching, many efforts to takes This generation is so quick to place Sacrificed his sleep to keep us awake. blame on someone else for their actions rather than accepting responsibility. This generation lives under the saying Left all over his dreams, for our sake YOLO His love is boundless and is real, not take. to compensate for the stupid things they do. A man full of affection super hero for all This generation forgets that we ware created one nation under God. Teaches us lesson 'Father' him we call So they push God to the back burners. This generation is so ignorant, and I am afraid that it will not change but only ger worse. This generation is dying out.

Shubham D. Balpande Aditya T. Jagdale B.A. - II B.Sc. - II

37 AMIGOS Life

The feeling arises from the start, Life is an opportunity, benefit from it What it is that ticks in my heart. Life is beauty, admire it. A feeling from deep down inside, A feeling that I never hide. Life is a dream, realize it

Life is a challenge, meet it. You all were there through my good and bad, Life is a duty, complete it You made me happy when I was sad. Life is a game, play it You sparkled up my shattered day, Side by side on the strange way. Life is a promise, fulfill it

Life is sorrow, overcome it This bond I can never buy nor I could sold, Life is a song, sing it It may get blurred and may get old. With you I overcamed my greatest fear, Life is a struggle, accept it Wandering around and you all were there. Life is a tragedy, confront it

Life is an adventure, dare it I met you as a stranger, Life is luck, make it Tooked you as a friend, I hope our long friendship, Life is too precious, do not destroy it

Will never have an end. Life is life, fight for it.

Aksham M. Shambharkar B.Sc. - II Ku. Prachi R. Jurao B.Com. - II (Eng.)

38 Ahdmb H«$sS>m {d^mJ 2018-19

gÌ 2017-18 `m e¡j{UH$ dfm©V _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m H«$sS>m {d^mJmZo amï´>g§V VwH$S>moOr _hmamO ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ {dOoVo d Cn{dOoVo nX àmßV H$éZ {dO`mMr na§nam H$m`_ R>odV _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m H«$sS>m {d^mJmZo ^ard `e g§nmXrV Ho$bo. `mdfu 1) Imo-Imo (_wbr) AmR>ì`m§Xm {dOoVonX 2) ~m°bq_Q>Z (_wbr) nmMì`m§Xm {dOoVonX àmßV Ho$bo Va Cn{dOoVo nX {_iUmao g§K 3) `moJmgZ (_wbr) Cn{dO`r 4) `moJmgZ (_wbo) AmR>ì`m§Xm Cn{dO`r 5) ~m°b ~°S>q_Q>Z (_wbo) Cn{dOoVonX 6) Imo-Imo (_wbo) Cn{d`Or 7) Imo-Imo (_wbr) Cn{dOoVonX 8) h°ÝS>~m°b (_wbr) Cn{dOoVonX {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ ñnY}V àmßV Ho$bo. `m gdmªZm Q´>m\$r XodyZ Jm¡a{dÊ`mV Ambo. Va H«$m°gH§$Q´>r _wbo d _wbtÀ`m g§KmZo Mm¡Wo ñWmZ àmßV Ho$bo. npíM_ {d^mJ d A{Ib ^maVr` Am§Va{dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm 15 IoimSy>§Mr H$ba hmoëS>a åhUyZ {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {dÚmnrR> ñVamda {dO`r, Cn{dO`r àmßV H$aUmao g§K d H$ba hmoëS>a IoimSy>§Mr _m{hVr Imbrb à_mUo… 1) H«$m°gH§$Q´>r (_wbo/_wbr) … amï´>g§V VwH$S>moOr _hmamO ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ H«$m°gH§$Q´>r ñnYm© (10 {H$bmo{_Q>a) ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m _¡XmZmda KoÊ`mV Amë`m. `mV _{hbm§_Ü`o64 Va _wbm§_Ü`o125 _hm{dÚmb`mZo gh^mJ Zm|X{dbm. `mV XmoÝhr g§Kmbm Mm¡Wo ñWmZ àmßV Pmbo _wbtMm g§K - (1) Hw$. éMrVm E_. Zmgao - ~r.Eggr. 2 (2) Hw$. a§OZm E. nmMmS>o - ~r.E. 2 (3) Hw$. {Z{H$Vm E. Hw$_oar`m - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (4) Hw$. Jw§OZ Ama. B§Jio - ~r.E. 1 (5) Hw$. AmaVr Ama. ZmB©H$ - ~r.H$m°_. 1 _wbm§Mm g§K - (1) C_oe E_. amD$V - ~r.E. 1 (2) n§H$O Or. Vdbo - ~r.E. 2 (3) Hw$Umb Eg. dmK - ~r.E. 1 (4) {demb Q>r. dmK- ~r.H$m°_.3 (5) A{ZHo$V EZ. H$i§~o - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (6) ^wfU Eg. VwaUH$a - ~r.H$m°_. 4 (7) {ZVoe Q>r. Ywd} - ~r.E. 1 2) Imo-Imo (_wbo) … ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ Imo-Imo ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 24/9 Vo 26/9/2018 n`ªV ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m _¡XmZmda KoÊ`mV Amë`m. _wbm§À`m g§KmZo "~r' PmoZMo {dOoVonX àmßV Ho$bo. A§{V_ gm_Ý`mV 2 JwUm§Zr nam^d Pmë`mZo Cn{dOoVonX àmßV Pmbo. Va `mV 3 IoimSy>§Mr JwUdÎmoÀ`mAmYmao {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g§KmV Am§Va{dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambro _wbm§Mm Cn{dO`r g§K - (1) ^wfU Eg. VwaUH$a - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (2) C_oe Eg. amD$V - ~r.E. 1 (3) XþJ}eE_. gmo_Hw$da - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (4) `wJb dm. _oQ>m§Jio - ~r.H$m°_. 1 (5) I¡~a dm`. Abr - ~r.H$m°_. 1 (6) Hw$Umb Eb. nwgXH$a - ~r.E. 1 (7) _mohZ S>r. H$aS>^mOZo - ~r.H$m°_. 1 (8) bH$s Ama. dmZIoS>o - ~r.H$m°_. 1 (9) C_§J Ama. _olm_ - ~r.E. 1 (10) A{ZHo$V EZ. H$i§~o - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (11) gwem§V Eg. nmQ>rb - ~r.Eggr. 1 3) Imo-Imo (_wbr) … Imo-Imo _wbtÀ`m Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 27/9 Vo 29/9/2018 n`ªV KoÊ`mV Amë`m. _wbr§À`m g§KmZo "A' PmoZMo {dOoVonX àmßV H$éZ A§{V_ gm_Ý`mV _{hbm _hm{dÚmb` ZmJnya `m g§KmMm EH$V\$u nam^d H$éZ AmR>ì`m§Xm ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mMo {dOoVonX àmßV Ho$bo _wbtMm {dO`r g§K - (1) Hw$. amohrZr Oo. ZmaZdao (2) Hw$. EH$Vm E_. amohZH$a (3) Hw$. a{MVm E_. Zmgao (4) Hw$. JwUd§Vr S>r. gÎmoH$ma (5) Hw$. YZlr S>r. C_mR>o (6) Hw$. Jw§OZ Ama. B§Jio (7) Hw$. A§Obr E. ^ñ_o (8) Hw$. VoOñdrZr Ho$. AS>mD$ (9) Hw$. éMrVm Eg. H$Ýhoao (10) Hw$. AmaVr Ama. ZmB©H$ Va JwUdÎmoÀ`mAmYmao 4 IoimSy>§Mr Am§Va{dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm {dÚmnrR> g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 39 4) H$~È>r (_wbo) … Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ _wbm§À`m H$~È>r ñnYm© Am`moOZmMr g§Kr {dÚmnrR>mZo Amnë`m _hm{dÚmb`mg {Xbr. `m ñnYm© {X. 3/10 Vo 4/10/2019 n`ªV _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m _¡XmZmda KoÊ`mV Amë`m. `m ñnY}Mo CX²KmQ>Z g§ñWoMo CnmÜ`j lr {Za§OZOr amD$V `m§À`m hñVo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m_Ü`o26 g§Km§Zr gh^mJ Zm|X{dbm Va PmoZ A§{V_ gm_Ý`mV _hm{dÚmb`mMm g§K nam^yV Pmbm. 5) h°ÝS>~m°b (_wbr) … Á`moVr~m emar[aH$ {ejU _hm{dÚmb`, dmZmS>m|Jar ZmJnya `oWo _wbtÀ`m h°ÝS>~m°b ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 27/9 Vo 30/9/2018 n`ªV KoÊ`mV Amë`m. `m_Ü`o EHw$U 25 g§Km§Zr Amnbm gh^mJ Zm§oX{dbm. Amnë`m _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m g§KmZo àW_M A§Vr_ gm_Ý`mV àdoe Zm|X{dbm. A§{V_ gm_Ý`mV emar[aH$ {ejU _hm{dÚmb` H$moamS>r `m§À`m gmo~V nam^d Pmë`mZo Amnë`m _hm{dÚmb`mg CZ{dOoVonX àmßV Pmbo. Cn{dO`r g§K - (1) Hw$. {demIm Ama. {eanyaH$a (2) Hw$. H$mOb Ho$. S>§^mio (3) Hw$. éMrH$m Eg. H$mio (4) Hw. ñdUm© E_. H$moQ>Omdio (5) Hw$. ào_m Eg. Am§~Q>dma (6) Hw$. arVm Eb. H$mdio (7) Hw$. nwOm ìhr. Ywd} (8) Hw$. énmbr Eg. _agH$moëho (9) Hw$. AmMbAma. ghmao (10) Hw$. AmMb Or. `wdZmVo. `mVwZM Hw$. H$mOb Ho$. S>§^mio {hMr JwUdÎmoÀ`mAmYmao {dÚmnrR>mÀê$m g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 6)>~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z (_wbo) … Am§Va _hm{dÚmb`rZ ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 31/11/2018 bm nr.Eg.S>ãë`w. _hm{dÚmb`, ZmJnya `oWo KoÊ`mV Amë`m. _hm{dÚmb`mZo ~r PmoZMo {dOoVonX àmßV H$éZ A§Vr_ gm_Zm Oo.~r. gm`Ýg dYm© `m§À`m gmo~V Ioibm Jobm. `mV VrZ goQ> _Ü`o \$ŠV 4 JwUm§Zr A§Vr_ gm_Ý`mV nam^dm_wio Cn{dOoVonX àmßV Pmbo. `mdfu Xþgè`m§XmCd{dOoVonX àmßV Pmbo. _wbm§Mm Cn{dO`r g§K - (1) JUoe Q>r. Xoe_w, - ~r.E. 2 (2) {dZ` Eg. nS>mobr`m - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (3) Aj` Ama. gmdaH$a - ~r.E. 2 (4) amhþbE_. JmS>do - ~r.E. 1 (5) à{VH$ ~r. {eH}$ - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (6) bwHo$e Or. aodVH$a - ~r.E. 2 (7) Am{XË` Vo OJXio - ~r.Eggr. 2 (8) A{ZHo$V A. {gS>m_ - ~r.E. 1 (9) n§H$O Or. Vdbo - ~r.E. 2 Va JwUdÎmoÀ`m AmYmamda XmoZ IoimSy>§Mr Am§Va {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 7)> ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z (_wbr) … Am§Va _hm{dÚmb`rZ ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 11 {S>g|~a Vo 12 {S>g|~a 2018 bm nr.Eg.S>ãë`w. _hm{dÚmb`, ZmJnya `oWo KoÊ`mV Amë`m. A PmoZMo {dOoVonX àmßV H$éZ A§Vr_ gm_Ý`mV Or.Eg. H$m°_g© H$m°boO, ZmJnya g§Kmbm nam^yV H$éZ `mdfu gbJ nmMì`m§Xm {dOoVonX àmßV Ho$bo d _hm{dÚmb`mMo Zmd bm¡H$sH$ Ho$bo. _wbtMm {dO`r g§K - (1) Hw$. gmoZmbr S>r. H$modo - E_.E. 1 (2) Hw$. nwOm ~r. _agH$moëho - ~r.E. 2 (3) Hw$. é{MVm Eg. H$mio - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (4) Hw$. ào_m Eg. Am§~Q>dma - ~r.E. 2 (5) Hw$. {_Zb E_. n§M^mB© - ~r.H$m°_. 2 (6) Hw$. g{_jm Ho$. Xþnmao- ~r.H$m°_. 2 (7) Hw$. ^maVr S>r. MaS>o - ~r.H$m°_. 1 (8) nëbdr EZ. gmdaH$a - ~r.E. 1 (9) Hw$. nëbdr Eg. Ywd} - ~r.EEgr. 1 `moVrb XmoZ IoimSy>§Mr Am§Va {dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm {dÚmnrR> g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 8) >~m°ŠgtJ … ~m°ŠgtJ `m IoimÀ`m ñnYm© ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ {XZm§H$ 4/1 Vo 5/1/2019 n`ªV {VanwS>o emar[aH$ {ejU _hm{dÚmb`, ZmJnya `m _¡XmZmda KoÊ`mV Amë`m. `mV XmoZ IoimSy>§Zr gh^mJ Zm|X{dbm. `mV Hw$. ^maVr dmK_mao - ~r.E. 1 {hMr {ZdS> Am§Va {dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g§KmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 8) `moJmgZ (_wbo/_wbr) … amï´>g§V VwH$S>moOr _hmamO ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> Am§Va_hm{dÚmb`rZ `moJmgZ ñnYm© {XZm§H$ 17 d 18 OmZodmar 2019 bm YZdQ>o Z°eZb _hm{dÚmb`, ZmJnya `oWo KoÊ`mV Amë`m. `mV XmoÝhr g§K Cn{dO`r R>abo. Va _wbtÀ`m Cn{dO`r g§KmVrb Hw$. Z_«Vm g|Ja `m IoimSy>Mr Am§Va{dÚmnrR> ñnY}H$arVm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g§KmV {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 40 _wbtMm Cn{dO`r g§K - (1) Hw$. bú_r Ho$$. `oboH$a - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (2) Hw$. XþJm©EM. Zmgao - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (3) Hw$. Z_«Vm {S>. g|Ja - ~r.EEgr. 3 (4) Hw$. doXlr Ama. JO~o - ~r.E. 1 (5) Hw$. Owhr nr. Q>rnbo - ~r.Eggr. 2 (6) Hw$. {H$Vu Ama. _mbmnwao - ~r.~r.E. 1 _wbm§Mm Cn{dO`r g§K - (1) gmJa nr. Am_Q>o - E_.H$m°_. 2 (2) àXrn S>r. B§Jio - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (3) Am{XË` Q>r. OJXio - ~r.Eggr. 2 (4) Am{ef S>r. a§Jmar - ~r.H$m°_. 3 (5) amHo$e EZ. S>m|Jao - E_.H$m°_. 3 (6) d¥f^ ~r. bmoI§S>o - ~r.~r.E. 2

Am§Va{dÚmnrR> (A{Ib ^maVr` / npíM_ {d^mJ) ñnY}V gh^mJr H$ba hmoëS>a A.H«$. IoimSy>§Mo Zm§d dJ© IoimMo Zm§d Am§Va{dÚmnrR> ñnYm© ñWi 1 `wJb `mXdamd _oQ>mJ§io ~r.H$m°_. 1 Imo-Imo _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>, _w§~B© 2 _mohZ kmZXodamd H$aS>^mOZo ~r.H$m°_. 1 Imo-Imo _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>, _w§~B© 3 C_oe _mohZamd amD$V ~r.E. 1 Imo-Imo _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>, _w§~B© amÁ` {H«$S>m _hmoËgd 4 Hw$. EH$Vm _ZmoO amohZH$a ~r.Eggr. 3 Imo-Imo H${d`Ìr ~{hZm~mB© Mm¡Yar {dÚmnrR>, OiJm§d 5 Hw$. éMrVm _Zmoha Zmgao ~r.Eggr. 2 Imo-Imo H${d`Ìr ~{hZm~mB© Mm¡Yar {dÚmnrR>, OiJm§d 6 Hw$. JwUd§Vr YZamO gËVoH$ma ~r.H$m°_. 2 Imo-Imo H${d`Ìr ~{hZm~mB© Mm¡Yar {dÚmnrR>, OiJm§d 7 Hw$. YZlr XeaW C_mR>o ~r.E. 2 Imo-Imo H${d`Ìr ~{hZm~mB© Mm¡Yar {dÚmnrR>, OiJm§d amÁ` {H«$S>m _hmoËgd _w§~B© {dÚmnrR> _w§~B© 8 YZ§O` M§XÿOmJoH$a ~r.~r.E. 1 H$~È>r {edmOr {dÚmnrR> H$moëhmnya amÁ` {H«$S>m _hmoËgd _w§~B© {dÚmnrR> _w§~B© 9 Hw$. H$mOb H¥$îUmOr S>§^mio ~r.H$m°_. 2 h°ÝS>~m°b {da ~hmXÿaqgJ nydmªMb {dÚmnrR>, Om¡hZnya 10 Aj` am_Xmg gmdaH$a ~r.E. 2 ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z Eg.Ama.E_. {dÚmnrR>, H$m§VmZHw$bmgya 11 amhÿb_§Jb JmT>do ~r.E. 1 ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z Eg.Ama.E_. {dÚmnrR>, H$m§VmZHw$bmgya 12 Hw$. _moZmbr Xþdm©gOrH$modo E_.E. 1 ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z H¥$îUm {dÚmnrR> {dO`dmS>m 13 Hw$. g{_jm H¥$îUmOr Xþnmao ~r.H$m°_. 2 ~m°b~°S>q_Q>Z H¥$îUm {dÚmnrR> {dO`dmS>m 14 Hw$. Jm`Ìr gwaoe dmK_mao ~r.E. 1 ~m°ŠgtJ Oo.Ama.EZ. {dÚmnrR> amOñWmZ 15 Hw$. Z_«Vm {XZX`mb g|Ja ~r.Eggr. 3 `moJmgZ _Ðmg {dÚmnrR> MoÞB©

àm. S>m°. VoOqgh b. OJXio H«$sS>m {d^mJ à_wI

41 Ahdmb amï´>r` N>mÌ goZm (N.C.C.) 2018-19

dmfuH$ gÌ 2018-19 `m dfm©H$arVm 17 [aŠV OmJoH$arVm ZdrZ 130 {dÚmÏ`mªZr (_wbo+_wbr) Zm|XZr Ho$bobr hmoVr. `m gdmªMr emar[aH$ j_Vm n[ajm _wbm§H$arVm 5 {H$._r. YmdUo d _wbtH$arVm 3 {H$._r. YmdUo d emar[aH$ _moO_mnmÀ`m AmYmamda 11 _wbo d 6 _wbtMr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Am§Vaamï´>r` `moJ {Xdg … `mdfu 21 OwZ 2018 bm Am§Vaamï´>r` `moJ {XdgmMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©H«$_mg _hm{dÚmb`mMo EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ>, S>m°. Am{ef Xoe_wI Am_Xma, {dYmZg^m joÌ H$mQ>mob, nV§Obr `moJ g{_Vr, H$mQ>mob `m§À`m g§`wŠV {dÚ_mZo _oZ amoS, H$mQ>mob `oWo gH$mir 5.30 Vo 7.30 n`ªV gmOam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. EZ.gr.gr. à{ejU … EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ>Mo {S´>b n«{ejU, WoAar àË`oH$ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m ewH«$dma d e{Zdmabm bm Xþnmar3.00 Vo 5.00 `m H$mbmdYrV KoÊ`mV `oV AgVo. ñdmV§Ì {Xdg g_mamoh … 15 Am°JñQ> ñdmV§Ì {Xdg g_mamoh g§ñWoMo CnmÜ`j lr {Za§OZOr amD$V `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr ñdmV§Í` {Xdg KoÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§À`m hñVo P|S>md§XZ H$éZ EZ.gr.gr. am`\$b ßbmQy>Z Ûmam gbm_r XoÊ`mV Ambr. `mV _wbm§Mm d _wbtMm Imbr ßbmQy>Z `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. lr {Za§OZOr amD$V `m§Zr naoS> Mo {Z[ajU Ho$bo. `mdoir g§ñWoMo gd© nXm{YH$mar, {ejH$, {ejHo$Îma H$_©Mmar CnpñWV hmoVo. NCC Camp H$[aVm {ZdS> Pmbobo NCC Cadets : 1) Combined Annual Training Camp 602 Dated 7.7.2018 to 16.7.2018 S.D. College (Selu) Wardha 1) Aj` E. H$moR>o - ~r.Eggr. 1 2) Jm¡ad S>r S>moB©OmoS> - 12 dr gm`§g 3) bbrV gr. Mm¡Yar - ~r.U. 1 4) _hoe S>r. ~mgodma - ~r.H$m°_. 1 5) gm¡a^ Eg. Hw$_u - ~r.H$m°_. 1 2) Combined Annual Training Camp 613 Dated 13.8.2018 to 9.9.2018 Pipla Dak Bangla (Koradi) 1) MoVZ nr. ~moaS>o - ~r.H$m°_. 1 2) JUoe S>r. Xoe_wI - ~r.E. 2 3) _wñVmH$ Or. eoI - ~r.E. 1 4) gw_rV Or. T>Jo - ~r.E. 1 5) {eënoO ~r. aodVH$a - 12 dr H$bm 6) Hw$. _m`war Or. ~mbnm§S>o - ~r.H$m°_.3 7) ñZohb S>r. _Vo - 12 dr gm`§g 3) Combined Annual Training Camp 612 Dated 21.8.2018 to 30.8.2018 Pipla Dak Bangla (Koradi) 1) {O¾oe Eg. JO{^`o - ~r.E. 1 2) {h_m§ew E_. ^mo`a - 12 dr 3) H$aU Ho$. gmoZHw$gao - ~r.E. 1 4) Hw$Umb Ama. nS>mo{b`m - ~r.H$m°_. 2 5) _`wa Or. gmdaH$a - 12 dr 6) {dZ` Eg. nS>mo{b`m- ~r.H$m°_. 2 7) gmoZw gr. MìhmU - ~r.E. 1 8) Hw$. AéUm E_. Zohmao - ~r.H$m°_. 1 9) Hw$. ^m½`lrEg. qMMmoar`m - ~r.E. 1 10) Hw$. H$mOb Eg. gmdaH$a - ~r.E. 1 11) Hw$. Iwe~w Eg. {VS>Ho$ - 12 dr H$m°_g© 13) Hw$. à{dUm S>r. H$mio - 12 dr H$bm 4) Combined Annual Training Camp 616 Dated 23.9.2018 to 2.10.2018 Pipla Dak Bangla (Koradi) 1) Aj` E. H$moR>o - ~r.Eggr. 2 2) Aj` EZ. gmado - ~r.E. 1 3) Xe©O Oo. H$moëho - ~r.E. 1 4) gmJ_ E_. gamoXo - ~r.E. 1 5) {demb Q>r. dmK - ~r.E. 1 5) RRE - RDC 30.9. TO 9.10.2018 Heti Surla (Saoner) 1) àU` dm. Mm§XÿaH$a- 12 dr H$bm 6) Combined Annual Training Camp 618 Dated 4.10.2018 to 13.10.2018 Pipla Dak Bangla (Koradi) 42 1) _hoe ~r. Hw$_oar`m - 12 dr H$m°_g© 2) Xe©Z Oo. H$moëho - ~r.E. 1 3) MoVZ Eg. Jdir - 12 dr H$m°_g© 4) Hw$. Xm_rZr gr. d¡îUd - ~r.E. 1 5) Hw$. {bZm S>r. H$mio - ~r.E. 2 6) Hw$. hfm© pìh. ~aS>o - 7) Hw$. Z§XrZr EZ. XoD$iH$a - 11 dr H$m°_g© 8) Hw$. nëbdr Eg. gwaOwgo - ~r.E. 1 9) Hw$ d¡îUdr S>r. S>moBOmoS>o - 11 dr gm`Ýg 7) All India Treaking Expedition Kerla Trek, 1st at Kulamava (organized by NCC Directorate, Kerla and Lakshadeep dated 18 Oct. tp 25 Oct. 2018) 1) d¡^d Or. ~m^wiH$a - ~r.E. 1 2) {O¾oe Eg. JO{^`o - ~r.E. 1 3) gwaO dmaH$a - 12 dr H$bm 4) {eënoO ~r. aodVH$a - 12 dr H$bm 4) Am{gH$ `w. H$méH$s - ~r.E.1 6) gw{_V S>r. T>Jo - ~r.E. 1 7) Am{ef ~r. `oZwaH$a - ~r.Eggr. 1 8) MoVZ nr. ~moaS>o - ~r.H$m°_. 1 `m {e~ramH$[aVm ZmJnya `w{ZQ> V\}$ boâQ>Z§Q> S>m°. VoOqgh b. OJXio `m§Mr H$m°ÝQ>rOÝQ>H$_m§S>a åhUyZ {Z`wŠVr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. 6 amÁ`mMo EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ> CnpñWV hmoVo. Pmboë`m {d{dY ñnY}V _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m H°$S>oQ>Zr gmXa Ho$boë`m `moJmgZ g_yh Z¥Ë`m_Ü`oàW_ H«$_m§H$ {_i{dbm. `mH$arVm Ho$abm Q´>oH$s¨J S>m`aoŠQ>a {~«JoS>rAa gw{Zb Hw$_ma EZ. ìhr. `m§À`m hñVo Q´>m\$s àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m `em~Ôb 20 _hmamï´> ~Q>m{b`Z EZ.gr.gr. `w{ZQ> V\}$ H$_m§S>rJ Am°\$sga boâQ>. H$Z©b {ZVrZ {^S>o, àemg{H$` A{YH$mar boâQ>. H$Z©b amOrd goZm` `m§À`m hñVo EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ> d boâQ>Z§Q> OJXio `m§Mm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm. aŠVXmZ {e~ra … {X. 5 OmZodmar 2019 bm _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m EZ.gr.gr. `w{ZQ> V\}$ aŠVXmZ {e~ra KoÊ`mV Ambo. `m {e~ramMo CX²KmQ>Z lr {Za§OZOr amD$V `m§À`m hñVo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mdoir nmhþUoS>m°. amHo$e dmZIoS>o, H$m`©H$mar àmMm`© S>m°. amOoe YmoQ>o, {e~ra Am`moOH$ boâQ>Z§Q> VoOqgh OJXio CnpñWV hmoVo. 79 aŠVXmË`m§Zr aŠVXmZ Ho$bo. `mV EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ>, {ejHo$Îma H$_©Mmar, d {dÚmWu gh^mJr hmoVo. aŠV g§H$bZ H$[aVm lr {H$aU B§Jio d Ë`m§Mr M_y S>m°. hoJS>odma aŠVnoT>r ZmJnya CnpñWV hmoVr. ajm~§YZ {Z{_Îm EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ> Ûmam _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z 1100 amIr O_m H$aÊ`mV Amë`mV d gH$mi d¥ÎmnÌmÛmao {g_odarb OdmZmH$arVm nmR>{dÊ`mV Amë`m. JUV§Ì {Xdg g_mamoh … {C. 26 OmZodmar 2019 bm JUV§Ì {Xdg g_mamoh g§ñWoMo AÜ`j S>m°. amOw Xoe_wI `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr KoÊ`mV Ambm. EZ.gr.gr. H°$S>oQ> d AmMuS> npãbH$ ñHw$b nr.Q>r. ñH$m°Q> `m§À`m hñVo amï´>r` ÜdOmbmgbm_r XoÊ`mV Ambr. S>m°. amOw Xoe_wI `m§Zr naoS>Mo {Z[ajU Ho$bo. `mdoir Z¥Ë`, Xoe^ŠVrna {Ja d àmË`{jH$ gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambo. ~r. gQ>© n[ajm … 2017-18 Mr "~r' gQ>© n[ajm S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a _hm{dÚmb` ZmJnya `oWo \$adar _{hÝ`mV KoÊ`mV Ambr. 23 H°$S>oQ>Zr n[ajm {Xbr. n[ajoMm {ZH$mb … A Grade Passed : 02 B Grade Passed : 20 C Grade Passed : 01 2017-18 Mr "gr' gQ>© n[ajm YZdQ>o Z°eZb H$m°boO, ZmJnya `oWo \$adar _{hÝ`mV KoÊ`mV Ambr. 10 H°$S>oQ> CnpñWV hmoVo. n[ajoMm {ZH$mb … A Grade Passed : 00 B Grade Passed : 07 C Grade Passed : 02 {X. 1 _mM© Vo 30 _mM© n`ªV Am°\$sga Q´>oqZJ A°Ho$S>_r H$m_R>r `oWo Pmboë`m Refresher Course H$[aVm boâQ>Z§Q> S>m°. VoOqgh OJXio `m§Zr 20 _hmamï´> ~Q>m{b`Z EZ.gr.gr. `wZrQ> V\}$ nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambo. EH$ _{hÝ`mÀ`m Refresher Course nyU© Ho$ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§Zm H°$ßQ>Z `m nXmMr nXmoÞVr àmßV Pmbr. boâQ>Z§Q> VoOqgh b. OJXio EZ.gr.gr. A{YH$mar Z~ra _hm{dÚmb`, H$mQ>mob 43 Ahdmb dm{UÁ` {d^mJ 2018-19 Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m dm{UÁ` {d^mJmV\}$ {XZm§H$ 23 d 24 OmZodmar 2019 bm "dm{UÁ` àXe©Zr' Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$ënZmeŠVrbm àmoËgmhZ XodyZ g_mOmV dm{UÁ` {df`H$ _m{hVrMm àgma d àMma ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo gXa àXe©ZrMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `m àXe©ZmMo CX²KmQ>Z {ejU àgmaH$ _§S>imMo H$mofmÜ`j_m. lr àH$meOr Mm§S>H$ `m§À`m hñVo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. H$m`©H«$_mbm _hm{dÚmb`mMo H$m`©H$mar àmMm`© S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o, S>m°. Eg.Ho$. ZdrZ, dm{UÁ` {d^mJmMo à_wI S>m°. Eg.E. gmoZoJmdH$a CnpñWV hmoVo. `m àXe©ZmV ~r.H$m°_ d E_.H$m°_. Mo 315 {dÚmWu dm{UÁ` {df`mVrb doJdoJio _m°S>ob d MmQ>© À`m _mÜ`_mVyZgh^mJr Pmbo. gXa àXe©ZmgmR>r EHy$U én`o 10709/- (Ajar Xhm hOmao gmVeo ZD$ én`o) IM© Pmbm. àXe©ZmVrb {dOoË`m§Zm amoI nm[aVmo{fH$mgmR>r dm{UÁ` {d^mJmH$Sy>Z én`o 2710/- àm`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m àXe©ZmVrb nwT>rb ñnY©H$ dm{UÁ` àXe©ZmVrb {dOoVo R>aboV. Models (Marathi Medium) Sr.No. Topics Students Name Class Rank 01 Eco Friendly Structure 1. Ku. Vaishnavi Gaydhane B.Com. I 1st of Company

02 _wÐoMr CËH«$m§Vr 1. Ku. Yukti Behaniya B.Com. II 2nd 2. Ku. Pooja Kumeriya 3. Ku. Homeshwari Kharpuriya

03. H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr 1. Ku. Sonali Gawali B.Com. I 3rd 2. Ku. Gayatri Ridhorkar 3. Ku. Laxmi Deshbratar

Chart (Marathi Medium)

Sr.No. Topics Students Name Class Rank 01. Economical Shutdown 1. Ku. Yamini Sarode B.Com. III 1st in USA 2. Ku. Jayshree Helonde 3. Ku. Khushi Khursunge 02. L.P.G. 1. Mr. Yogesh Channe B.Com. I 2nd 2. Mr. Girish Salam 3. Mr. Akash Mundafale Models (English Medium) Sr.No. Topics Students Name Class Rank 01 Evolution of Money 1. Ku. Bhavika Dhole B.Com. III 1st 2. Ku. Naitika Band 3. Ku. Pratik Jivtode 4. Mr. Pawan Oraliya 02. G.S.T. 1. Ku. Tarkeshwari Barde B.Com. I 2nd 2. Mr. Abhimanyu Deshmukh 3. Mr. Darshan Shende 4. Mr. Nishat Rewatkar 44 03. Idian Taxation System 1. Ku. Prajakta Kakde B.Com. III 3rd 2. Ku. Divya Pachode 3. Ku. Ashwini Tayde

Chart (English Medium)

Sr.No. Topics Students Name Class Rank 01 Global Depository 1. Mr. Suresh Khoburkar B.Com. I 1st Receipt 2. Mr. Kamlakar Thakare 3. Mr. Akash Bacchire 02 Income Tax 1. Ku. Sakshi Dhote B.Com. I 2nd Salary Head 2. Ku. Pournima Mendole

dm{UÁ` àXe©ZmgmR>r narjH$ åhUyZ ñWm{ZH$ ì`dñWmnZ g{_VrMo gXñ` _m. àm. E_.Eg. Z~ram Am{U Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`mVrb ì`dñWmnZ {d^mJmMo S>m°. AVwb MaS>o `m§Zr dm{UÁ` àXe©ZrMo narjU Ho$bo. `m àXe©ZmÀ`m `eñdr Am`moOZmgmR>r dm{UÁ` {d^mJmMo à_wI S>m°. Eg. E. gmoZoJmdH$a, àm. S>m°. Or.Ho$. ImoaJS>o, àm. S>m°. Ama.Or. Jm|Jbo, àm. S>m°. ìhr.Ama éB©H$a, àm. S>m°. nw{ZV amD$V, àm. _wHo$e OmYd, àm. Eg. S>r. S>m§Jam. àm. Eg.S>r. Mm§S>H$, àm. H${nb amD$V, àm. C_oe {ZgdmXo, àm. g§Xrn OmoJodma, àm. gm¡a^ T>moao, àm. O`§V H$i§^o `m§Mo {deof ghH$m`© bm^bo.

_mPm dJ© - _rM dŠVm CnH«$_ e¡j{UH$ df© 2018-19 _Ü`odm{UÁ` {d^mJmH$Sy>Z {dÚmÏ`mªMm gdmª{JU {dH$mg ìhmdm. `m Ñï>rH$moUmVyZ {d{dY CnH«$_ am~{dÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ _hÎdmMm CnH«$_ åhUOo "_mPm dJ© - _rM dŠVm' hm Amho. `m CnH«$_mA§VJ©V nXì`yÎma nXdrVrb A§{V_ dfm©À`m (M.Com. II Year) {dÚmÏ`mªZr Aä`mgH«$_mVrb {d{dY {df`m§da VgoM Aä`mgH«$_m ì`{VarŠV AgUmè`m dm{UÁ` {df`H$ {d{dY g§H$ënZoda à^mdrnUo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo. Ë`mVyZ ZdrZ g§H$ënZm§Mr _m{hVr, gmXarH$aU H$bm, g§^mfU H$m¡eë`, ghH$m`©, gm¡å` H$m¡eë`, ñnY}Mr OmUrd B. KQ>H$m§Mm {dÚmÏ`mªZm ñdAZw^dmVyZ n[aM` Pmbm `m CnH«$_mÀ`m CX²KmQ>Z àg§Jr {dÚmÏ`mªZm _hm{dÚmb`mVrb d[að> àmÜ`mnH$ S>m°. gw{ZbHw$_ma ZdrZ, dm{UÁ` {d^mJà_wI S>m°. Eg.E. gmoZoJm§dH$a, S>m°. Or.Ho$. ImoaJS>o `m§Zr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. hm CnH«$_ {Z`{_VnUo AmR>dS>çmVrb e{Zdmabm Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m CnH«$_mÀ`m `eñdr Am`moOZmgmR>r dm{UÁ` {d^mJmMo {d^mJà_wI àm. S>m°. Eg.E. gmoZoJm§dH$a, àm. S>m°. Or.Ho$. ImoaJS>o, àm. S>m°. Ama.Or. Jm|Jbo, àm. S>m°. ìhr.Ama éB©H$a, àm. S>m°. nw{ZV amD$V, àm. _wHo$e OmYd, nXì`yÎmanXdrÀ`m A§{V_ dfm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªMo ghH$m`© bm^bo.

S>m°. Eg.E. gmoZoJm§dH$a dm{UÁ` {d^mJ à_wI

45 Ahdmb J¥h-AW©emñÌ {d^mJ 2018-19

J¥h AW©emgÌ {d^mJmV Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m AZwf§JmZo {d{dY ñnYm© KoÊ`mV Amë`m. {X. 7.8.20.18 bm OmJ{VH$ ñVZnmZ {XZm{Z{_Î` {Z~§Y ñnYm© KoÊ`mV Ambr. {df` - ""ñVZnmZmV AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr ^w{_H$m'' àW_ H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. àmOŠVm MìhmU - ~r.E. 2 {ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. `mo{JVm ^m|S>o - ~r.E. 2 V¥Vr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. _`war Jmd§S>o - ~r.E. 2 {X. 6.9.2018 - OmJ{VH$ nmofU gßVmhm {Z{_Î` nmH$H$bm ñnYm© KoÊ`mV Ambr. ""Vm§XimMo {VIQ> d JmoS> nXmW©'' {VIQ> nXmW© H«$_m§H$ àW_ H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. nwOm I§VmS>o - ~r.E. 2 {ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. àmOŠVm MìhmU - ~r.E. 2 JmoS>> nXmW© H«$_m§H$ àW_ H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. a{dZm gmo_Hw§$da - ~r.E. 2 {ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. amoeZr gmoZdmZ>o - ~r.E. 2 {X. 8.9.2018 - {J«Q>tJ H$mS>© ~Z{dUo ñnYm© KoÊ`mV Ambr. àW_ H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. O`lr Zmgao - ~r.E. 1 {ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. goZb MaS>o - ~r.E. 1 V¥Vr` H«$_m§H$ - Hw$. ídoVm JmIao - ~r.E. 1 VgoM J¥h-AW©emñÌ {d^mJmjmao {dÚmWuZtZr H$arVm ì`m»`mZmMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {X. 22.9.21018 bm J¥h-AW©emñÌ {d^mJmV\}$ ì`m»`mZ Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. ""{H$emoad`rZ _wbtMo Amhma Am{U Amamo½`'' `m {df`mda An§J _{hbm ~mb {dH$mg g§ñWm {gpìhb bmB©Z, Am_Xma {ZdmgOdi, ZmJnya `m g§ñWoÀ`m AÜ`jm S>m°. à{V_m emñÌr (godm{Zd¥Îm àmÜ`mnH$L.A.D. H$m°boO, ZmJnya) `m§Mo Amhmamda _mJ©Xe©Z bm^bo. VgoM gXñ` S>m°. ZwVZ Xod (godm{Zd¥Îm S>m°ŠQ>a emg{H$` _oS>rH$b H$m°boO ZmJnya) `m§Mo Amamo½`mda _mJ©Xe©Z bm^bo Am{U lr_Vr dgwYm gmZo _°S>_, gMrd B§ÐYZwî` g§ñWm `m§Mo {H$emoad`rZ _wbtÀ`m g_ñ`oda _mJ©Xe©Z bm^bo. H$m`©H«$_mMo àmñVm{dH$ d g§MmbZ àm. KmJaJw§S>o _°C_ `m§Zr Ho$bo, Am^ma àm. H$ë`mUr X§S>mao _°S>_ `m§Zr Ho$bo. {X. 11.2.19 J¥h-AW©emñÌ {d^mJmÛmao, H$mQ>mob `oWrb emim H«$. 11 _Ü`o gwé Agboë`m ""^maV H$bm CËgd- 2019 h°ÊS>by_ h°ÊS>rH«$mâQ>'' n«Xe©Zrbm ^oQ> XoÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mV {d{dY àH$maÀ`m hñVH$bm d V`ma dñVwMo àXe©Z _wbtZm XmI{dÊ`mV Ambo. {X. 18.2.2019 bm J¥h-AW©emgÌ {d^mJmÛmao ""ñnYm© narjm'' `m {df`mda àm. {dZmoX ~mJS>o (g§MmbH$ {_eZ Am°\$sga A°Ho$S>_r, Am°a|O ßbmOm, H$mQ>mob) `m§Zr \$ŠV _wbtH$arVmI Agbob ñnYm© narjoMo joÌ d Ë`mMr V`mar H$er H$am`Mr `mda _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`j S>m°. `mdbH$a ga {d^mJ à_wI BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg {d^mJ, Z._.{d. H$mQ>mob ho hmoVo. à_wI CnpñWVr S>m°. ~mJdmbo ga `m§Mr hmoVr. H$m`©H«$_mMo àmñVm{dH$ {d^mJ à_wI n«m. KmJaJw§S>o _°C_ `m§Zr Ho$bo. g§MmbZ Hw$. goOb MaS>o ~r.E. 1 Am{U Am^ma àXe©Z Hw$. àmOŠVm gmdaH$a ~r.E. 1 `m§Zr Ho$bo. àm. X_`§Vr KmJaJw§S>o J¥h-AW©emñÌ {d^mJ à_wI 46 Ahdmb _amR>r {d^mJ 2018-19 {X. 19.01.2019 amoOr _amR>r {d^mJmV\}$ {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r "Alw§Mr >Pmbr \w$bo' `m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r Agboë`m ZmQ>H$mMo ZmQ>`Xe©Z d MMm© `m H$m`©H«$_mMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. {X. 29.01.2019 amoOr "hñVmja' ñnY}Mo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m ñnY}V AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZr gh^mJ KoVbm d Cñ\w$V© à{VgmX {Xbm. {X. 01.02.2019 amoOr {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r "H$mì`dmMZ' ñnY}Mo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©H«$_mbm AÜ`j åhUyZ _amR>r {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. nmR>H$ _°S>_, _amR>r {d^mJmVrb àm. {ZñdmXo ga, àm. JmoS>~mobo _°S>_, àm. hobm|S>o _°S>_ d àm. {díd§^ao _°S>_ CnpñWV hmoË`m. {X. 02.02.2019 amoOr _hmË_m Á`moVr~m \w$bo `m {df`mda {Z~§Y ñnY}Mo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m ñnY}V AZoH$ {dÚmWu gh^mJr Pmbo. `mVrb CËH¥$ï> {Z~§Y "àmOŠV' `m dm{f©H$m§H$mV àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambm. {X. 27.02.2019 amoOr _amR>r {d^mJmV\}$ Hw$gw_mJ«O O`§VrÀ`m {Z{_Ë`mZo "_amR>r ^mfm {XZ'> gmOam H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`j ñWmZ _amR>r {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. nmR>H$ _°S>_ `m§Zr ^wf{dbo. H$m`©H«$_mMo àmñVm{dH$ JmoS>~mobo _°S>_ `m§Zr Ho$bo. Ë`mZr _amR>r ^mfoMo _hÎd {dÚmÏ`mªZm gm§{JVbo. H$m`©H«$_mV "_amR>r åhU Onw`m, _amR>r YZ Ony`m' `m {df`mbm àmYmÝ` XoÊ`mV Ambo. _amR>r åhUtda àm. {ZñdmXo ga `m§Zr {dÚmÏ`mªZm _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. H$m`©H«$_mMo g§MmbZ àm. hobm|S>o _°S>_ `m§Zr Ho$bo. d Am^ma àXe©Z àm. {díd§^a _°S>_ `m§Zr Ho$bo. {dÚmÏ`mªZr {d{dY {df`m§darb åhUtMo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo d CÎm_ à{VgmX {Xbm. `m ñnY}_wio {dÚmÏ`mª_Yrb gwßVJwUm§Zm dmd {_iVmo d AmË_{dídmg OmJ¥V hmoVmo. AemàH$mao _amR>r {d^mJmV\}$ {dÚmÏ`mªMm ^mfm{dH$mgmgmR>r {d{dY H$m`©H«$_mMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. S>m°. Ama.Ama. nmR>H$ _amR>r {d^mJ à_wI Ahdmb `moJ {ejH$ nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ 2018-19 `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> Ûmam _mÝ`Vm àmßV `moJ {ejH$ nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m H«$sS>m {d^mJmÛmao 20.08.2009 Mmb{dÊ`mV nmgwZ `oV Amho.`m Aä`mgH«$_mbm 20 àdoemMr _mÝ`Vm AgwZ hm Aä`mgH«$_ 1 df© H$mbmdYrMm Amho. `m Aä`mgH«$_mbm XoemVrb Oå_y H$mpí_a, A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma, AéUmMb, ZmJmb±S>, _Ü`àXoe, _hmamï´> `ma amÁ`mVyZ àdoe KoUmao {dÚmWu AgVmV. `mdfu gwÕm 20 {dÚmWu àdo{eV AgwZ Ë`m§Mr n[ajm _o _hrÝ`mÀ`mXþgè`m AmR>dS>çmV KoÊ`mV `oV AgVo. _mJrb dfu Pmboë`m n[ajoV JwUdÎmm àmßV {dÚmÏ`mªMr Zm§do …- àW_ H«$_mH$ - gm¡. d{ZVm ~m~mamd Jmoao (77%), {ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ - AVwb _YwH$a e¥Jma§ndma (73=) V¥Vr` H«$_mH$ - gmJa à_moXamd Am_Q>o (70%) {ZH$mb - 100% AmOn`ªV 166 `moJ{ejH$m§Zr `moJ Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$bobm AgwZ `mn¡H$s ~è`mM `moJ{ejH$m§Zm H|$Ð g§`moOH$ amoOJma àmßV Pmbobm Amho. S>m°. VoOqgh b. OJXio `moJ {ejH$ nX{dH$m Aä`mgH«$_ Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`, H$mQ>mob 47 Ahdmb J§«Wmb` {d^mJ 2018-19

J«§Wmb` {d^mJmÛmao J§«Wmb`mÀ`m {Z`{_V godmì`Vr[aŠV _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmÏ`mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg ìhmdm `mH$[aVm {d{dY H$m`©H«$_ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV `oVmV. `m_Ü`o _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m _mOr {dÚmÏ`mªMm XoIrb gh^mJ AgVmo. `m AZwf§JmZo gÌ 2018-19 dfm©V Imbrb H$m`©H«$_m§Mo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 1) gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo O`§Vr … {XZm§H$ 3 OmZodmar 2019 bm gH$mir 11 dmOVm H«$m§VrÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Mr O`§Vr gmOar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m{Z{_Î` "ZJa n[afX _hm{dÚmb`, _modmS>m' `oWrb _amR>r {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. AemoH$ ^ŠV `m§Mo ""_{hbm gj_rH$aU H$m`m©_Ü`o gm{dÌr~mB© \w$b|Mr ^y{_H$m'' `m {df`mda ì`m»`mZ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`j _hm{dÚmb`mMo H$m`©H$mar àmMm`© S>m°. amOy YmoQ>o d à_wI A{VWr åhUyZ S>m°. {dH$mg ~magmJS>o ho hmoVo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo Am`moOH$ J§«Wmb` {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. a_oe B§Jmobo `m§Zr àmñVm{dH$ Ho$bo. `màg§Jr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§À`m ñÌr{ejUmdarb H$m`m©da nmhþÊ`m§ZràH$me Q>mH$bm. `mdoir Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`mVrb gd© emI|Mo {dÚmWu hOa hmoVo. H$m`©H«$_mMo Am^ma J§«Wmb` ghmæ`H$ Hw$. {dÚm nmQ>rb `m§Zr Ho$bo. 2) J«m_rU dmMZmb` ñWmnZm … {XZm§H$ 3 _mM© 2019 bm gH$mir 10 dmOVm "Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`' d "_mUwgH$s' `m gm_m{OH$ g§ñWoÀ`m g§`wŠV {dÚ_mZo H$mQ>mob Odirb "A§~mS>m' `m JmdmV _hm{dÚmb`mMo _mOr {dÚmWu d "_mUygH$s' g§ñWoMo g§MmbH$ àm. lr {XJ§~a Qw>bo `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo gmd©O{ZH$ dmMZmb`mMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m dmMZmb`mg Z~ram _hm{dÚmb` J§«Wmb` {d^mJmÛmao dmMZ gm{hË`m§Mr _XV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr _hm{dÚmb`mMo H$m`©H$mar àmMm`© S>m°. amOy YmoQ>o ho hmoVo. `mà`g§Jr à_wI _mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ _hm{dÚmb`mMo J«§Wmb` {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. a_oe B§Jmobo ho hmoVo. `m H$m`©H«$_mg JmdmVrb gan§M, ZmJarH$ VgoM {dÚmWu ~hþg§»`oZohOa hmoVo. 3) ñnYm© narjm _mJ©Xe©Z …{ XZm§H$ 15 _mM© 2019 bm gH$mir 10 dmOVm J§«Wmb` {d^mJmÛmao ~r.~r.E. {d^mJmÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo H$moamS>r, ZmJnya `oWrb "ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mg' {df`mdarb à{gÕ boIH$ lr àXrn H$_mbo `m§Mo "ñnYm© narjm nyd©V`mar' `m {df`mda ì`m»`mZ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mdoir ~r.~r.E. Aä`mgH«$_ à_wI àmÜ`m{nH$mO`lr gmR>dUo, àm. AbmoUo, àm. aodVH$a, B{Vhmg {d^mJmMo àm. XmoS>Ho$ ho àm_w»`mZo hOa hmoVo. `m ì`m»`mZ_Ü`o ~r.~r.E., ~r.H$m°_. E_.H$m°_ VgoM E_. E. À`m {dÚmÏ`mªZr gh^mJ KoVbm. `màgJ§r àm. H$_mbo `m§Zr Amnë`m ì`m»`mZ_Ü`oJ«m_rU _hm{dÚmb`mVrb OmñVrV OmñV {dÚmÏ`mªZr "ñnYm© narjoMr' V`mar H$aÊ`mH$arVm à`ËZ H$amdo VgoM `m narjoMr V`mar H$aÊ`mH$arVm {d{dY n¡bwMm Aä`mg H$gm H$am`Mm `m~Ôb Amnë`m ì`m»`mZmVyZ _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. 4) _hmË_m \w$bo d S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a O`§Vr … {XZm§H$ 15 E{àb 2019 bm gH$mir 10 dmOVm J§«Wmb` {d^mJmÛmao _hmË_m \w$bo d S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a `m§Mr g§`wŠVr gmOar H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr _h{dÚmb`mMo agm`ZemñÌ {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. AéU ~magmJS>o d _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmWu hOa hmoVo. `màg§Jr H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr _hm{dÚmb`mMo agm`ZemñÌ {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. AéU ~moaH$a ho hmoVo. `màg§Jr àmÜ`mnH$ S>m°. {dZmoX ~mJdmbo, S>m°. Ama.Or. Jm|Jbo, S>m°. {dH$mg ~magmJS>o d _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmWu hOa hmoVo. `màg§Jr H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`j S>m°. ~moaH$a `m§Zr _hmË_m \w$bo `m§Zm ^maVaËZ S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a `m§Zr Amnbo Jwé _mZbo hmoVo Ago Z_yX 48 Ho$bo. VgoM Ë`m§Mo d¡Mm[aH$ nañna g§~§Y d H$m`© `m{df`r Amnë`m ^mfUmVyZ _m{hVr àñVwV Ho$br. S>m°. Jm|Jbo `m§Zr S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a `m§Zr {b{hbobo g§{dYmZ gd©ì`mnr d bmoH$emhr ^maVmbm H$go Cn`wŠV Amho `m~Ôb Amnë`m ^mfUmVyZ _m{hVr {Xbr. S>m°. ~mJdmbo `m§Zr Amnë`m ^mfUmVyZ S>m°. Am§~oS>H$am§À`m Am{W©H$ YmoaUmda àH$me Q>mH$bm. `mdoir _hm{dÚmb`mMo J§«Wmb`mMo H$_©Mmar lr _ZmoO e§^aH$a, lr H¡$bmg CB©Ho$, lr _ZmoO ~obIoS>o, lr gw_oY Xoe_wI, lr gw{Zb gmo_Hw$da VgoM Hw$. {dÚm nmQ>rb `m§Zr ghH$m`© Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo àmñVm{dH$ d g§MmbZ Am`moOH$ S>m°. a_oe B§Jmobo Am{U Am^ma àXe©Z Hw$. {dÚm nmQ>rb `m§Zr Ho$bo.

S>m°. a_oe B§Jmobo J§«Wmb` {d^mJ à_wI Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`, H$mQ>mob

49 Ahdmb B{Vhmg {d^mJ 2018-19

ñdmJV g_ma§^ … B{Vhmg {d^mJmVrb E_.E. ^mJ 2 À`m dVrZo E_.E. ^mJ 1 À`m ZdàdoerV {dÚmÏ`mªH$arVm {XZm§H$ 6/9/2018 amoOr ñdmJV g_ma§^ d {ejH$ {XZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambobm hmoVm. H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`jñWmZ B{Vhmg {d^mJ à_wI àm. S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o ga Va à_wI nmhþUoàm. S>m°. pìh.~r. \$aH$mS>o ga CnpñWV hmoVo. VgoM H$m`©H«$_mbm àm. Eg.~r. ~oh{Z`mI àm. E_.Ama. XmoS>Ho$ d àm. Eg.pìh. H$i§~o ga CnpñWV hmoVo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo gwÌ g§MmbZ E_.E. ^mJ 2 dr {dÚmWuZr Hw$. àUmbr CH§$S>o hrZo Va àmñVm{dH$ A§Hw$e ~m§Xao d Am^ma àXe©Z Hw$. O`lr amD$V hrZo Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m `eñdrVoH$arVm gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZr ghH$m`© Ho$bo. gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo O`§Vr … {X. 3/1/2019 amoO Jwédmabm gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo O`§Vr d ZwVZ dfm©{^Z§XZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambobm hmoVm. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`jñWmZr B{Vhmg {d^mJ à_wI àm. S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o ga Va à_wI nmhþUoàm. S>m°. ìhr.~r. \$aH$mS>o ga hmoVo. VgoM H$m`©H«$_mbm àm. Eg.~r. ~oh{Z`m, àm. E_.Ama. XmoS>Ho$ d àm. Eg.ìha. H$i§~o gam§Zr {dMma ì`ŠV Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo gwÌ g§MmbZ E_.E. ^mJ 2 Mr {dÚmWuZr Hw$. hf©bm Xmd}H$a hrZo Va àmñVmdrH$ Hw$. dfm© X§T>mio d Am^ma àXe©Z Hw$. YZlr Mm¡Yar hrZo Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m `eñdrVoH$arVm gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZr ghH$m`© Ho$bo. `màg§Jr {dÚmÏ`mªZr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$b|À`m OrdZmda àH$me Q>mH$bm. ñnYm© n[ajm _mJ©Xe©Z … B{Vhmg {d^mJmÀ`m dVrZo {X. 15 _mM© 2019 bm ñnYm© n[ajoda _mJ©Xe©Zna ì`m»`mZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo à_wI dŠVo àm. H$_mbo ga Va à_wI nmhþUoàm. S>m°. B§Jmobo ga CnpñWV hmoVo. VgoM `m H$m`©H«$_mbm àm. nmQ>rb _°S>_, àm. XmoS>Ho$ ga d àm. H$i§~o ga CnpñWV hmoVo. à_wI dŠVo àm. H$_mbo gam§Zr {dÚmÏ`mªZm ñnYm© n[ajoda {deof _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo gwÌ g§MmbZ E_.E. ^mJ 2 Mr {dÚmWuZr Hw$. àUmbr CH§$S>o hrZo Va Am^ma àXe©Z àm. XmoS>Ho$ gam§Zr Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m `eñdrVoH$arVm gd© {ejH$m§Zr d {dÚmÏ`mªZr ghH$m`© Ho$bo. e¡j{UH$ ghb … B{Vhmg {d^mJmÀ`m dVrZo Xadfu e¡j{UH$ ghbrMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV `oVo. `mdfu {XZm§H$ 12 \o$~«wdmar 2019 Vo 22 \o$~«wdmar 2019 `m H$mbmdYrV _hmamï´>mVrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñWim§Zm ^oQ>r XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Zm§XoS>, VwiOmnya, n§T>anya, H$moëhmnya, nëhmiJS>, _hmS>, am`JS>, JUnVrnyio, nmMmS>, O§Oram, am§OUJmd, nmbr, I§S>mim, bmoUmdim, Ami§Xr, doéi, AqOR>m, Xm¡bVm~mX, eoJmd B. ñWim§Mm àË`j Aä`mg H$aÊ`mV Ambm. gd© àmÜ`mnH$d {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ghH$m`m©VwZ Am_Mr e¡j{UH$ ghb `eñdr[aË`m nma nS>br. {Zamon g_ma§^ … {X. 7/4/2019 amoOr A§Vr_ dfm©À`m {dÚmÏ`mªH$arVm {d^mJmÀ`m dVrZo {Zamon g_ma§^mMo H$m`©H«$_ Am`moOrV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo AÜ`jñWmZB{Vhmg {d^mJmMo à_wI àm. S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o ga Va à_wI nmhÿUoàm. S>m°. ìhr.~r. \$aH$mS>o ga CnpñWV hmoVo. VgoM àm. ~oh{Z`m ga, àm. XmoS>Ho$ ga d àm. H$i§~o ga `m§Mrhr CnpñWVr hmoVr. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo gwÌ g§MmbZ Hw$. dfm© X§T>mio, àmñVmdrH$ Hw$. _moZmbr `mdbo Va Am^ma àXe©Z Hw$. nm`b ZmB©H$ {hZo Ho$bo. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m geñdrVoH$arVm gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZr ghH$m`© Ho$bo. S>m°. Ama.Ama. YmoQ>o B{Vhmg {d^mJ à_wI Z~ram _hm{dÚmb`, H$mQ>mob 50 ANNUAL REPORT

NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME 2018-19

National Service Scheme department of Nabira Mahavidyala has registered 100 students as a volunteer in academic year 2018-19. The registration process was completed during the period of 02/08/2018 to 10/08/2018. In the academic year 2018-19, various activities were carried out by the NSS department. Brief information of these activities is as follows .

Activities at College Level :

Sr. No. Date Activities No. of Volunteer

1 17/07/2018 Tree Planting and Tree Promotion Awareness 42 2 14/08/2018 Tree Promotion and Color Scheme 84 3 02/10/2018 Cleanliness Campaign under Swachh Bharat Mission 92 4 16/10/2018 Distribution of Mahaprasad and Driking Water to 35 Devotees of Navratri Festival 5 26/11/2018 Celebrate Constitution Day 82 6 05/01/2019 Blood Donation Camp 14 7 20/01/2019 Filariasis Campaign 45 to 25/01/2019

Participation in Special Camp :

Sr. No. Date University Level No. of Volunteer 1 28/01/2019 Student participation in University Level N.S.S. Camp 02 to 03/02/2019 at Parasinga organized by A.D. College, Bharsingi

Mukesh S. Jadhao Co-ordinator, N.S.S. Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol

51 ANNUAL REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH 2018-19

The Department of English, Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol organized a two-day UGC sponsored National Conference on 15th and 16th March, 2019 on "Tribal in Indian English Novels". The conference was inaugurated at the hands of Dr. A.K. Singh, Head Department of English, RBS College, Agra, under the chairmanship of Dr. Raju Deshmukh, President Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, Katol. Dr/ Dinesh Kumar Nair, Associate Professor V.G. Vaje College, Mumbai delivered the keynote-speech. Dr. Raju Dhote, Offg. Principal of our college and Dr. Pradeep Kumar Tiwawi, Head Department of English graced the conference with their presence. A hard copy of 46 published research papers in 'LangLit', an international peer reviewed open access journal with ISSN number and impact factor 4.23 was released on this occasion. Dr. Dinesh Kumar Nair, the keynote speaker, presented the background of the topic of the conference in detail with PPT presentation. Dr. Prantik Banerjee, Vice-Principal, Hislpo College, Nagpur gave an enlightening speech in plenary session on the topic titled, "Is there Tribal Presence in Indian English Literature?" A Cultural event was organized on 15th evening from 7.30 to 9.30 pm. Shri Manohar Sontakke sang gajals to mar the occasion. It is a pleasure of state that 107 delegates from different universities of our country participated in this National Conference. Forty Six research papers in four technical session were presented and thoroughly discussed and deliberated on issues concerning tribals in Indian English Literature. The technical sessions were chaired by Dr. P. Gopichand, associate professor, J.K.C. Colege, Guntur, P. Nag Susheela, associate professor, J.K.C. College, Guntur, Dr. P.D. Nimsarkar, Principal, Vanashree Arts & Science College, Korchi, District Gadchiroli, Dr. Kapil Singhel, Head, Department of English, Vasant Rao Naik Institute of Arts, Nagpur and Dr. Farooqullah from Amravati, a retired and contributory faculty of P.G.T.D. SGB Amravati University, chaired the valedictory functioin of the conference. Delegates had all praise for healthy delibeations, the arrangements and hospitality in their feedback speech session. In brief the conference was a grand success.

Dr. P.K. Tiwari Head Department of English

52 ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF BACHELOR OF 2018-19 BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (B.B.A.)

1. Performance for Charity 04th Sept. 2018 A musical program named Performance for Charity was organized on behalf of BBA Department to raise a fund to provide aid to one of a hospitalised student of the college. The eminent personalities such as Dr. Shripad Sonegaonkar sir (Head, Commerce Department), Mr. Paresh Deshmukh sir (Physical Education, Jr. College), Dr. Adil Jiwani sir (Coordinator, BBA), Mrs. Puja Nabira Madam, P. Padma Madam, Pranay Sahare sir performed in that program. The collected fund was handed over to the said student by the hands of Dr. Satokar sir (Principal NMV). The program was attended by Dr. S. K. Navin sir, Mrs. Gandhi Madam (Principal, Orchid Public School). Prof. J. M. Patil (Head, BBA Dept.) Prof. J. G. Alone, Prof. P. S. Rewatkar work hard to make this program a success. 2. Teachers Day Celebration 8th Sept. 2018 Students of BBA Dept. arranged a formal program for the faculties on 8th Sept 2018. Prof. J. M. Patil (Head, BBA Dept.) addressed the students. Students presented a gift to the department on this occasion. Chaitali Metangale shared her views, Monika Rewatkar (Class Representative, BBA 2nd) proposed vote of thanks. The program was anchored by Azim Khoja. Dr. Adil Jiwani sir, Prof. J. M. Patil, Prof. J. G. Alone and Prof. P. S. Rewatkar were attended the program. 3. Sales Promotion Activity 11th & 12th March, 2019 The BBA department has organized a promotional activity of Sales of coupons of "Stags Only Unisex Saloon" Katol. The objective of the activity was to inculcate practical outlook among the students of Business Administration to handle sales and develop communication skills. Dr. Adil Jiwani sir, Prof. J. M. Patil, Prof. J. G. Alone and Prof. P. S. Rewatkar worked in harmony to make this activity a grand success. 4. TOUR 25th & 28th March, 2019 The department of BBA has organized 4 day tour of BBA Final year students. The tour was planned with the view that travelling and site seeing has great educative and recreational values. The place visited includes Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Mathura, Vrundavan. Prof. J. M. Patil, Prof. J. G. Alone and Prof. P. S. Rewatkar escorted the tour.

Prof. J.M. Patil Head B.B.A. Department 53 ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS 2018-19

The Department of Physics, Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol organized various academic activities round the year for all-round development of student despite equipping them to face university examination. In collaboration with Electronics department, our department organized a workshop on "Design Etching and Assembly of PCB with Applied Testing and Troubleshooting" on 12-12 September 2018. The workshop was successfully organized by Shri Harshal Khajone, Field Application Engineer, Millennium Semiconductor Company, Pune. Around 15 students of B.Sc. Semester VI participated in the workshop. The department organized a student seminar on various topics of Physics concerning the university syllabi on 27 February and 5th & 6th March 2019 so that it may help them in their forthcoming examination and to assimilate the knowledge. About 21 students were benefited by this seminar. Out of 21 students six students were selected to represent our department in VUPTA students seminar held on 10th March 2019 in SFS College, Nagpur. Dr. A.B. Sharma Head Department of Physics ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF MB/BTH 2018-19

Visit to RFRS, Katol Student of B.Sc. Biotechnology (Sem. IV) had visited Regional Fruit Research Station, Katol on dated 25 Feb. 2019 as a part of curriculu. RFRS is run by PKV, Akola. The students are guided by Dr. Hitendra Singh and Dt. Bagde Madam. They got valuable inputs about recent innovation in citrus crop which is the main horticulture crop of our region. During this visit students come to know current trends in research, new leads which will improve productivity of citrus crop. It also provides students an opportunity to interact with scientist and their working methods. This visit will immensly help students to edge over others in competitive environment. I had expressed my sincere thanks to eminent scientist of RFRS and requested them to help our students in future. Mrs. Aditi S. Chandak Asst. Lecturer Department Biotechnology

54 ANNUAL REPORT PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION 2018-19

Parent Teacher Association organized a special programme "Susanwad Palkanshi" (Parents Meet) on 8lh Mar. 2019. The idea behind execution of this programme was to develop a meaningful relationship between faculties of the institution and Parents of the various faculty students. The objective of this programme was to make a dialog to know the expectations of parents from the institution to encourage the involvement of parents in the overall development of their wards, to cultivate the habit of interest-taking attitude in daily routine of their wards, to develop the alertness for carrier selection etc. The programme was totally centralized on the objective to minimize the communication gap between faculty members and parents to create the meaningfulness and increase degree of utility. 23 parents attended the meet and actively participated in the proceedings of parent meet. Some of them really shown interest in the efforts taken by the Institution for the overall development of students. The written Questionnaire which was emphasized on the requirement of attention towards students by family members was distributed and got filled by parents. Through this programme college got an idea about strength and weaknesses of the students of various faculty. Offig. Principal Dr. R.R. Dhote and Dr. Vikas Bharsagade and other faculty members were present in this meet. Dr. Punit Raut Co-ordinator Parent Teacher Association

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ANNUAL REPORT SKILL DEVELOPMENT CELL 2018-19

In session 2018-19 the Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Cell received over helm response of students of different faculties. In order to develop personality and to increase hard and soft skill, self confidence of student's Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Cell organized interactive sessions of faculties and students. Entrepreneurship and Skill Development Cell organized following lectures in the session 2018-19. Date Name of Faculty Topics 15th Aug. 2018 Dr. Punit Raut Communication Skill 14th April 2018 Mr. Vinod Vanjari Indian Business Women 29th Oct. 2018 Mr. V. Venkitachalam Entrepreneurship Development 20th Jan. 2019 Prof. Sachin Bhagat SWOT Techniques 1st April 2019 Prof. Purvi Makwana Competition and Soft Skills

There was a great response of students for all the sessions. Dr. Punit Raut Co-ordinator Entrepreneurship & Skill Development Cell 55 ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS 2018-19

The Department of Electronics, Nabira Mahavidalaya, Katol organized the two-day workshop on "Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Designing for Electronic Circuit Board by using Software (PROTUS Software) on Dated I llh and 12' Sept 2018, Mr. Harsha Khajone , Field Application Engg. working in Millennium semiconductor Company, Pune was the resource person for this workshop. The program started at 11.00 am on IIth Sept 2018 by welcoming Mr. Marshal Khojane and Prof. R.B. Dongare Nabira Mahavidalaya Katol with bouquets. The Programme was conducted by Dr, P.W.Yawaikar, Incharge, Department of Electronics. He introduced the guests. In the first session of the workshop on 11-09-18 Mr. Harshal delivered introductory talk about the idea of workshop, what are to be done in two days. He explained the different types of active and passive components with their identification, determination of values and power rating. He mostly emphasized on the basic requirements of PCB design and gave brief idea about different software like CAD Software, PROTUS Software, EAGLE Software needed for PCB design. In the second session of the first day, he demonstrated how to design the PCB as per the given circuit with software on computer. He formed some groups of students and gave the circuits (power supply, ADC,timers etc) to each group for PCB Design. He told them to transfer the artwork onto PCB Laminated (exposind the PCB) and mask the area that needed. At the end of the first day of the workshop, the PCB Plates were kept for etching by the students so that they could use on the next day. On the second day, Hon'ble Rajuji Bisani Exe. Member of SPM Katol and Dr. A. B. Sharma, Head Department of Physics visited the workshop and appricated the departmental activity. Mr. Rajuji Bisani was very happy to see the students involved actively in the workshop, and busy in making PCB. During the first session of the second day 12-09-18, Mr. Harshal told the students to remove masking material from PCB and then told to drill holes in PCB, for soldering and mounting components and accessories as per the circuit. During the second session, Mr. Harshal asked the students to mount the components at appropriate position and solder them. Finally all the circuits were checked whether working or not. Almost circuits were found in working. During the two day of the workshop Mr. Harshal made conversation with students by question- answer in healthy atmosphere. The students enjoyed this workshop with their working circuits. The programme was greatly appreciated by the students and expected this activity in next year also. All electronics students, teacher and non-teaching staffs were present. We sincerely acknowledged Mr. Ami! Vaidya, Mrs. Pragati Gandhi, Miss. Monali Gaikwad and Mr. Roshan Barai who made efforts to success this workshop. Dr. Prakash Yawalkar expressed votes of thanks. Students of B,Sc. Electronics and Physics Visited the health exhibition "KUTUHAL" on 9 feb 2019, organized by VN1T, Indian Medical Association and Vigyan Bharti , Nagpur (from 9 feb to 11 feb 2019). The health exhibition was informative and knowledgeable. The team of ^students was escorted by Dr. P.W. Yawalkar and Ku. Poonam Thakur. Department of Electronics organized students seminar on various topics of Electronics on 14 March 2019. Twenty students participatrd in it. The students were benefited about their problems and difficulties by this seminar. Dr. P.W. Yawalkar

56 DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY & ANNUAL REPORT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018-19

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology are continuous engaged to enhance academic as well as extracurricular quality among the students. Department has approx 201 students strength with UG and PG courses. The student interest for these carrier orientated subject is increasing day by day. Department organized several events as per availability and resources with the support of Honorable Management and Principal of The college. Some key events are as given below:- 1. Inauguration of Microbiologist Society of India society students Unit An inaugural ceremony of MSI society students unit was held on Friday on 28-2-2019 at 11:00 am at Nabira college. Miss Renuka Dharbe and Pranjali Raut, students of M.Sc. II year department of Microbiology and Biotechnology welcome the chief guest and conduct the programm Dr. Krishna Khairnar ( Sr. Scientist, NEERI, Nagpur) Shri. Niranjanji Raut (Vice Presitant of Shikshan Prasark Mandal,Katol), Shri. Puroshotmaji Mankar (Member of LMC) Dr. R.R. Dhote (Principal, NMV, Katol) ,Dr. P.W.YAWALKAR (Head Dept. of electronics), Dr. N.B.Hirulkar(Head Dept. of MB&BTH), Dr. V.J. Barsagade (Head Dept. of Zoology) are present in this occasion. Ceremony commenced with university song presented by M.Sc. I year students. This was then followed by ceremonious lighting a lamp by all dignitaries and guests. The program was further continuing by the inauguration of the MSI student's society unit by releasing the bunch of certificate by the all dignitaries. Dr, Krishna Khairnar delivered his thoughts on global environmental challenge in this world. He describes and explain importance and he also pointed various challenges and experience related his topic. Dr. N.B. Hirulkar (Head Dept. of MB & BTH) coordinates the ceremony. Supporting and staff member Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar, Mrs. S.P. Nabira and Mrs. J.Y.Lad was work coordinately to success the program. 1) Guest Lectures Guest lectures on various topics based on curriculum ''Antimicrobial Duag, Drug Designing and Drug Delivery System, Scope and Job Opportunities In Microbiology & Biotechnology In India on 16/1/2019 .The invited speaker was Prof. A.Y. Dawande Head Dept. of Microbiology A.C.S. College Pulgaon,Dr. Y.S. Banginwar Dept. of Microbiology A.C.S. College Pulgaon, Dr. R.U. Thakre, Head, Microbiology and Biotechnology Y.C. College, Lakhandur .He enlightened around 120 students of B.Sc & M.Sc (Microbiology & Biotechnology). He has made conversation with students in his talk by question –answer in healthy atmosphere. The programme was greatly appreciated by all the students and enjoyed with active participation. Dr. N. B. Hirulkar Head Dept. of Microbiology &Biotechnology discussed the aims and objectives of program and also background of the topic in his introductory speech.and give the overall idea of program and also introduced various invited delegates. The program was held by Renuka Pande ( M.Sc,-II. Student). and Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar Assistant Prof. Microbiology &Biotechnology presented vote of thanks. 2. Rangoli competition Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology was organized Rangoli competition on Science day 28-2- 2019 for B.Sc. I Year Students of our department. A Total 60 students were participated in the competition and draw various Rangoli which attracted many passerby. Participants had draw Rangoli giving various information like TB Diseases and their treatment, our immune system cell, In vitro fertilization, Oil extraction from algae, Medical Microbiology, Microscopy, Bio fuel , Global Warming causes, effect and solution , , Such many more had its impact recently. At the time of this occasion Dr. P.W.YAWALKAR (Head Dept. of electronics), Dr. N.B.Hirulkar (Head Dept. of MB & BTH), Dr. V.J. Barsagade (Head Dept. of Zoology) was present.. Our guest was appreciated & congratulated the students who were participated in Rangoli Competition. The 1, 2 and 3 prize in Competition is declared. Dr. N.B. Hirulkar (Head, Dept. of MB & BTH) was the coordinator of this event and other staff member Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar was In-charge of the event, Mrs. S.P. Nabira, Mrs. J.Y. Lad was worked hard to success the program. 57 3. Collage Competition on Global Environmental Problems Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology was organized Collage competition on Science day 28-2- 2019 for M.Sc. I YEAR Students of our department .Total 19 students was participated in the completion. All the students enthusiastically participated in the event choose the various topic associated with environment like Global Warming, Deforestration, BiofueL Climate change,Rain forest,Greenhouse effect,Acid rain,air pollutation,Water pollution,Organic Farming,Plastic polluation,Noise polluation, etc. Our guest was appreciated & congratulated the studentswho was participated in competeation. Dr. N.V. Gandare was evaluated the collage according to which the 1,2 and 3 prize in Collage Competition are declared. Many things and come across several experiences. Collage event offer a chance to do all this .such type of event in collage equal the importance of educations. These collage events promote creative ideas and provide platform to scholars to share their knowledge. It aims to inspire the students to think innovatively, develop and come out as a pioneer in implementing. Dr. N.B. Hirulkar (Head Dept. of MB&BTH) coordinates this program and staff members Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar, Mrs. S.P. Nabira, Mrs. J.Y.Lad was work coordinately to success the program. 4. MOU with ASC College Pulgaon was signed Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol was sign Memorandum of Understanding for Faculty & Students Exchange (MOU) with Art &Science College, Pulgaon, Dist. Wardha. According both which we have perform various activities like Faculty Exchanges, joint Research Activities, student Exchange etc. These activities help to develop the department as well as institution in all the way. 5. Attend the National Seminar Taywade college, koradi was organized a National Seminar on Allergens and its effect on human health on 9/2/2019. .A total 23 students of M.Sc. I & II will be attend the conference and present poster on their rearch project in it. Ku. Renuka Pande M.Sc. II year student won thired price in poster presentation in seminar. The students was escorted by Dr. N.B. Hirulkar (Head Dept. of MB&BTH) and Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar . 6. Participation of student in state level students Seminar Competition Samiksha H. Pokale students of our department have participated in state level students Seminar Competition was held by Bajaj College of science, Wardha. Mrs. A. Chandak was guided this student for the same. 7. Student Seminar Student choose the immersing environmental as well as health problem like imp of vitamin, green house effect, our immune system etc. A Total of 33 students from M.Sc. I & II (Microbiology) presented their power point presentation as curricular acivity . The seminar was monitored by Dr. N.B. Hirulkar (Head Dept. of MB&BTH) and other staff member Ku. D.M.Ridhorkar, Mrs. S.P. Nabira, Mrs. J.Y.Lad. 8. Student Visit To RFRS ,Katol Students of B.Sc. Biotechnology (Sem IV ) had visited Regional Fruit Research Station,Katol on dated 25/2/2019 as a part of curriculum, Regional Fruitd Research station FRS run BY PKV Akola having reorganization of ICAR. The students had got valuable input from Dr. Hitendra Singh, Entomologist and Dr. Bagde ,.During this visit students come to know current trends in research ,new leads which will improve productivity of citrus crop. It profit students with an opportunity to interact with scientist and their working methods. This visit will immensely help students to edge over other in competitive environment. 9. Best Student Awards; Ku. Renuka Pande M.Sc. II year Microbiology Student and Ku. Sonam Pathan B.Sc. III year student got Best Student Award from Microbiologist Society of India for session 2018-2019 The entire team of our department is very thankful to management members and Principal of our college, without their kind consideration it is not possible to carried out such activities. Thanking You Dr. N.B. Hirulkar Head Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology 58