Las Aves De Perijá
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Soil Survey Report of the Llanos Orientales, Colombia. General Report
FAO/SF: 11/COL L SURVEY OF THE LLANOS ORIENT LE OENERAL FIEPORT fiefNhv UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM *w FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS EXTERNAL TRANSLATION FAO/SF: 11/COL SOIL SURVEY OF THE LLANOS ORIENTALES COLOMBIA VOLUME I GENERAL REPORT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND Rome, 1965 MR/27262 CONTENTS LISTOF TABLES 0000006400090.001.00 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF MATS o00000000040o0..0.000009.004.00000000000000900.000o0 INTRODUCTION 00.a.00.0009.0.40060000064001.000900000 Background 9 0 9 0011 9 0 9 The Project and lto Execution . o 2 Project Personnel 9 9 3 Tr ning O 0e .00 4,0,0" 1100 9 3 Acknowledgments 3 SUMMARY OF MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 0,10.000m000110000.00000.0400000po* 7 Geography, Location of Survey Area 7 ciimate a 0 0 0 0 0 PO" 9 0 11 VegetatiOn O0000000.4.000004.06"00400QOP0,09.0941000004,04140Opp0 19 Hydrology 00400.11410000000.009080060000000040000009008000O004. 20 Geology, Geomorphology, Landscape Map 23 Agriculture and Livestock 0.0paeo0004.ve0.000000090 35 SOILS AD THEIR USE 40 General 00,900000p 40 Land Capability Classes and Map 42 NEEDFOR RESEARCH 0000.00040.4.000001,044.09."0400WoMes0901,000000.p00 49 LISTOF COLLABORATORS e000m000000*0000000.00090a040%440000090040170.0 54 ENGLISHSUMMARY . onsv011 doonim 00 56 REFERENCES 000900OOM*00.000006008O0.09100000oMOOOR*00000098,000000000.04$ 65 APPENDIX I - PLAN OF OPERATION 67 Budget and Plan of Expenditure - Special Fund Contribution ...o. 77 Budgot and Plan of Expenditure - Government Contribution ....... 78 Amendment 1 of the Plan of Operation 79 - ii - LIST OF TABLES Pago I-1 Calculaticins of actual and potential evaporation and water deficit or surplus at Villavicencio, Meta ......... -
Biogeography of the Llanos De Moxos Roberto Langstroth Plotkin 183
MF Geographica Helvetica Jg. 66 2011/Heft 3 Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos Roberto Langstroth Plotkin 183 Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants Roberto Langstroth Plotkin, South Riding Bactris, Ceiba, Coccoloba, Ficus, Genipa, Guarea, Hura, Inga, Maclura, Margaritaria, Salacia, Spondias, Sterculia, Swartzia, Syagrus, Tabebuia, Trichilia, Tripla- 1 Introduction ris, and Vitex (Beck 1983; Langstroth 1996). Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, the Semialturas are levee backslopes and splays with human inhabitants of the Llanos de Moxos constructed brief, shallow inundations and vegetation contingent diverse earthworks such as mounds and causeways, upon the fire regimes. Semialturas may support largely raised agricultural fields in the savannas and managed deciduous forest or woodland (genera such as Acroco- the landscape using fire and other tools (Denevan mia, Astronium, Coccoloba, Copernicia, Cordia, Cupa- 1966; Langstroth 1996; Lombardo & Prümers 2010; nia, Enterolobium, Geoffroea, Guazuma, Piptadenia, Lombardo et al. 2011). Erickson (2008) considers the Pithecellobium, Randia, Samanea, Sterculia, Tabebuia, Llanos de Moxos to be an example of an Amazonian and Zanthoxylum), Cerrado («campo cerrado» or «domesticated landscape» and, based on evidence «campo sujo», genera listed below), or pampa with from Moxos, claims that «nature in Amazonia more scattered fire tolerant trees Pseudobombax,( Tabe- closely resembles a garden than a pristine, natural buia) and Copernicia palms (Beck 1983; Langstroth wilderness.» These arguments presume that Moxos 1996). Termite mounds are frequent and present small is representative of Amazonia and also discount the woody islands with Celtis, Cereus, Coccoloba, Coper- roles of longer-term physical and biological processes nicia, Cordia, Machaerium, Rhamnidium, and Sorocea in play since the Miocene when extensive non-forest (Beck 1983; Langstroth 1996). -
New Records of Cracids Along a Fragmented Landscape in Cen- Tral
Biodiversity Journal , 2018, 9 (4): 339–344 DOI: 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2018.9.4.339.344 New records of Cracids along a fragmented landscape in Cen - tral Mexico (Aves Cracidae) Lorena Silverio-Polo 1, O. Eric Ramírez-Bravo 2* , Casimiro Ordóñez-Prado 3 & Guillermo Ortega Vázquez 4 1Sitio Experimental Las Margaritas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 9.5 Carretera Hueytamalco-Tenampulco, Las Margaritas Hueytamalco, Puebla, 73580 México 2Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Alimentación y Cambio Climático, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Uni - versidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio IC 10 Ciudad Universitaria Colonia San Manuel, Puebla, 72570 México 3Campo Experimental San Martinito, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 56.5 Car - retera Federal México-Puebla, San Martinito Puebla, 74100 México 4Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla, Carretera Acuaco-Zacapoaxtla km 8, Colonia Totoltepec, Zacapoaxtla Pue - bla, 73680 México *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The pava cojolita or crested guan ( Penelope purpurascens Wagler, 1830) and the great curas - sow ( Crax rubra Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves Cracidae) inhabit mature rainforests with low or null perturbation, making them potential indicator species. We report actual records of both species obtained through biodiversity monitoring undertaken in the Experimental Site “Las Margar - itas” in the municipality of Hueytamalco at the Sierra Nororiental in the State -
Structural Evolution of the Northernmost Andes, Colombia
Structural Evolution of the Northernmost Andes, Colombia GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 846 Prepared in coopeTation ·with the lnstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-MineTas under the auspices of the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development) United States DepaTtment of State Structural Evolution of the Northernmost Andes, Colombia By EARL M. IRVING GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 846 Prepared in cooperation ·with the lnstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Min eras under the auspices of the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development) United States Department of State An interpretation of the geologic history of a complex mountain system UNITED STATES GOVERNlVIENT PRINTING OFFICE, vVASHINGTON 1975 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Irving, Earl Montgomery, 1911- Structural evolution of the northernmost Andes, Columbia. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 846) Bibliography: p Includes index. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:846 1. Geology-Colombia. 2. Geosynclines----Colombia. I. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico Mineras.. II. Title. III. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper ; 846. QE239.175 558.61 74-600149 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402- Price $1.30 (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-02553 CONTENTS Page Pasre Abstract ---------------------------------------- -
WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING in BRAZIL Sandra Charity and Juliana Machado Ferreira
July 2020 WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING IN BRAZIL Sandra Charity and Juliana Machado Ferreira TRAFFIC: Wildlife Trade in Brazil WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING IN BRAZIL TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. © Jaime Rojo / WWF-US Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TRAFFIC David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1223 277427 Email: [email protected] Suggested citation: Charity, S., Ferreira, J.M. (2020). Wildlife Trafficking in Brazil. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. © WWF-Brazil / Zig Koch © TRAFFIC 2020. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ISBN: 978-1-911646-23-5 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Design by: Hallie Sacks Cover photo: © Staffan Widstrand / WWF This report was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily -
Download Vol. 39, No. 6
... r , 5 Mt; , - J.$.I' ~''i. I I I of the FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BODY MASS AND SKULL MEASUREMENTS IN FOUR JAGUAR POPULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR PREY BASE Rafael Hoogesteijn and Edgardo Mondolfi Volume 39, No. 6 pp. 195-219 1996 1 - 'Ii;*5' 3'-*t-lf-' I + ' ''. ' '·*'*114/I.M.' "' t Jit:j *40 k 2 JE <111111Pip rEL- fi;7~AilhRE'F .1 1 d.- 11 4 -A-- / _I_ r It 5 T *43 MI 5* -:IA UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY am published at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. JOHN F. EISENBERG, EDITOR RICHARD FRANZ, CO-EDITOR RHODA J. BRYANT, MANAGING EDrrOR Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor, Bulletin; Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville FL 32611-7800; U.S.A This journal is printed on recycled paper. ISSN: 0071-6154 CODEN: BF 5BA5 Publication date: September 30,1996 Price: $1.35 BODY MASS AND SKULL MEASUREMENTS IN FOUR JAGUAR POPULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR PREY BASE Rafael Hoogesteijnt and Edgardo Mondollf ABSTRACT Body mass and nine skull measurements of two floodplain (Pantanal and Llanos) and two forest (Amazon and Central America) jaguar (Panthem onca) populations, were analyzed to compare them, relate their morphometric dimensions to preybase and latitude, and examine the relationship with their subspecies status. Analyzing data from males and females separately, jaguar at all sites differed significantly for most variables studied, with the exception of rostral breadth, maxillary teeth row length, and pterygoid fossa breadth for both sexes, and postorbital breadth for females, which were either not or only weakly significant. -
Collective Perception of Anthropic and Extractive Interventions in the Colombian Llanos
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Collective Perception of Anthropic and Extractive Interventions in the Colombian Llanos Luca Eufemia 1,2,* , Hector Morales 1,2, Michelle Bonatti 1,2, Maximilian Graser 2, Marcos Lana 3 and Stefan Sieber 1,2 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstraße 42, 10099 Berlin, Germany 2 SusLAND: Sustainable Land Use in Developing Countries, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF e. V), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany 3 Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 760 07 Uppsala, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 July 2019; Accepted: 5 September 2019; Published: 9 September 2019 Abstract: Increasingly, the developmental model of anthropic and extractive interventions is a global concern. Its impacts are challenging not only the precarious equilibrium of natural resources but also the one of local communities and identities. The case of the Colombian Llanos shows how the local culture of the Cultura Llanera (CL) is deep-rooted with natural resources, their use and their management. Throughout the use of a survey based on the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF), this paper presents and discusses shared problems and social norms. The collective perception of local groups shows that the CL, in particular traditional livestock practices in flooded savannahs, is a key element for the sustainable development of the region. Furthermore, it reveals that agricultural and extractive activities, primarily rice and oil, are considered the main threats to both the ecosystem and the protection of the CL. Keywords: governance models; Colombian Llanos; Cultura Llanera; extractivism 1. Introduction Increasingly, the developmental model of anthropic and extractive interventions is a global concern. -
The Northern Colombia Birding Trail
TRAVEL ITINERARY The Northern Colombia Birding Trail Colombia has the richest birdlife on the planet with more than 1,900 species! Enjoy the spectacle while helping communities conserve their local natural heritage. Vermilion Cardinal. Photo: Luis E. Urueña/Manakin Nature Tours audubon.org Colombia is one of the world’s these mountains offer a lot more local people through birdwatching “megadiverse” countries, hosting to Colombia than just exportable you can help make a difference. The close to 10% of the planet’s species, stimulants. Each of the ranges, and project trained local Colombians to with more than 1,900 species of the dense tropical jungles between become bird guides and ecotourism birds—a figure that continues to them, house a variety of habitats for service providers helping give an increase every year. The country has birds and other wildlife. The Northern economic value to birds and the nearly 20 percent of the world’s total Colombia Birding trail is a series forests that sustain them. The bird species, including 200 migratory of ecolodges, national parks, and Northern Colombia Birding Trail species, 155 threatened birds, and 79 otherwise-notable habitats in the helps conserve critical habitat and endemics. Perijá region, in the Sierra Nevada de species—it is also helping improve Colombia sits atop South America, Santa Marta, and along the Caribbean the income of the local communities flanked by Panamá, Ecuador, coast that provide particularly good by generating new jobs. In fact, more Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil; its birding opportunities for extreme than 40 community members and southern reaches straddle the and not-so-extreme birders alike. -
GREAT CURASSOW Galliformes Family: Cracidae Genus: Crax Species: Rubra
GREAT CURASSOW Galliformes Family: Cracidae Genus: Crax Species: rubra Range: Southern Mexico to Western Ecuador Habitat: Tropical and sub-tropical forests Niche: Arboreal, omnivorous, diurnal Wild diet: Seeds, fruits and invertebrates Zoo diet: Seeds and fruits Life Span: (Wild) (Captivity) Sexual dimorphism: M is black with yellow knob on upper mandible, F is rust-colored and somewhat smaller Location in SF Zoo: South American Tropical Rainforest and Aviary APPEARANCE & PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS: The plumage of the female is rust to yellowish whereas the male is black with white ventral areas. Female has black and white bared markings on head while the male is predominantly black with a shaggy semi-erect crest with forward curling feathers. The male also has a yellow knob on its upper mandible. Overall their bodies are Weight: 10 - 10.6 lbs slender with long broad, flat tails, which are slightly longer than their wings. Wings are short and rounded. The feet have well developed Length: 37 inches hind toes “pigeon footed” that allows them to walk easily along tree Wingspan: 15.7 inches limbs. Curassow have large muscular gizzard but also two ceca for hindgut fermentation. STATUS & CONSERVATION The rapid destruction of tropical forest is the greatest threat to this species. They are hunted for food and sport since their inability to fly fast makes them an easy target. Listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List with decreasing population numbers. COMMUNICATION AND OTHER BEHAVIOR They utter one or two booming or whistling notes. Their voice is amplified by means of an extended windpipe (trachea). A system of air chambers in the neck also serves to amplify the voice, which is loud and raucous. -
Panthera Onca, Jaguar Errata Version Assessment By: Quigley, H., Foster, R., Petracca, L., Payan, E., Salom, R
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T15953A123791436 Scope: Global Language: English Panthera onca, Jaguar Errata version Assessment by: Quigley, H., Foster, R., Petracca, L., Payan, E., Salom, R. & Harmsen, B. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Quigley, H., Foster, R., Petracca, L., Payan, E., Salom, R. & Harmsen, B. 2017. Panthera onca (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T15953A123791436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15953A50658693.en Copyright: © 2018 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Taxon Name: Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonym(s): • Felis onca Linnaeus, 1758 Common Name(s): • English: Jaguar • Spanish: Otorongo, Tigre, Tigre Americano, Tigre mariposo, Tigre Real, Yaguar, Yaguareté Taxonomic Notes: The status of the subspecies is unclear. -
De Un Tercio De Las Familias De Aves Presentes En
EL ESTADO DE LAS AVES EN COLOMBIA Cotorra Montañera (Hapalopsittaca amazonina) Evaluando las prioridades de conservación y protección de la avifauna colombiana 2014 www.proaves.org EL ESTADO DE Evaluando las prioridades de conservación y protección LAS AVES de la avifauna colombiana EN COLOMBIA 2014 Edición especial de Conservación Colombiana. ISSN 1900–1592. Fundación ProAves de Colombia, entidad sin ánimo de lucro S0022872 – Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá Para instrucciones para autores y demás detalles de la revista, ver el número 19 (disponible en línea). © 2014 Fundación ProAves – Colombia Dirección: Carrera 20 No. 36–61, Barrio La Soledad, Bogotá DC Teléfonos: (1) 245 5134 – 340 3239 Fax: (1) 340 3285 www.proaves.org Citación recomendada: Fundación ProAves (2014). El estado de las aves en Colombia 2014: Prioridades de conservación de la avifauna colombiana. Conservación Colombiana 20. Con el apoyo de: Juan Carlos Verhelst–Montenegro y Paul Salaman Dirección y edición general Juan Carlos Verhelst–Montenegro y Esteban Botero–Delgadillo Coordinación, investigación, textos y análisis Thomas Donegan, Oswaldo Cortés, Alonso Quevedo y Paul Salaman Comité editorial Nicolás Galindo Diseño y diagramación Mónica Parada y Oswaldo Cortés Revisión de Textos Archivo Fundación ProAves Fotografías También con el apoyo de los participantes del taller “Estado de las Aves de Colombia” llevado a cabo en Minca el 1 de Julio de 2013, que colaboraron expresando sus opiniones sobre versiones iniciales de los materiales tratados en este documento, las cuales sirvieron para mejorar la versión final, fueron ellos: Alonso Quevedo, Alexander Monsalve, Juliana Andrea Toro, Carlos Andrés Garzón, Luis Felipe Barrera, Luis Alfonso Villamil, Baldomero Fonseca, Ignacio Góngora, Juan Carlos Luna, Alex Cortes, Juan Lázaro Toro, Robert S. -
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions.