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Production of Hybrid Lilies As Cut Flowers

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Production of Hybrid Lilies As Cut Flowers Fact Sheet 687 Production of Hybrid Lilies as Cut Flowers Hybrid lilies are a result of genetic cross- Introduction ings between lily species, making newer lily Hybrid lily production is well suited for cultivars difficult to classify into conventional specialty cut flower growers selling to retail groupings. The OT hybrids are a cross between florists or at farmers’ markets. High quality Oriental and Trumpet lilies. Oriental and OT fresh cut lilies have a distinctive competi- lilies have fragrant flowers with some cultivars tive edge over lilies grown out-of-state. Local growers are able to harvest lily stems with having stronger scented flowers than others. one flower open and store them in water to For customers sensitive to strong odors, LA deliver a fresher product. Boxed lilies, how- hybrids may be a better choice. The LA hybrids ever, are harvested with only one large well- are a cross between L. longiflorum and Asiatic colored flower bud to avoid damage during lily. The LA hybrids are increasing in popular- shipping. Also, ethylene build-up in shipping ity compared to the Asiatic hybrids. LA hybrids boxes decreases the shelf life of most lilies generally have a larger flower size and the flow- grown out-of-state by 5 to 7 days. ers are more clustered at the top of the stem The commercial production of bulbs sold and are more upward facing than Oriental lilies. to cut flower growers requires a cool environ- The LO hybrids are a cross between L. longiflo- ment, which is not found under East Coast rum and Oriental lily. LO hybrids are the newest climatic conditions. For this reason, most addition of lilies and will provide unique flower bulbs used for cut-flower production are shapes, sizes and colors. grown in the Netherlands, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, France and the northwestern United States in Oregon and Washington State. The five main groups of lilies are Asiatic, Oriental, OT, LO and LA hybrids (see photos 1 and 2). Although Asiatic and Oriental lil- ies are well known to the general public, there have been many new releases of LO, LA, and OT hybrid lil- ies brought onto the market. These new hybrids provide an opportunity to introduce the public to new possi- bilities in stem length, flower shape, size, color, and scent. Growers can expect to see many more new and exciting cultivars in coming years. 1. 'Royal Sunset'- LA Hybrid. Table 1. Bulb Shipping Quantities. Lily Group Bulb Size (cm) Number of Bulbs per Crate Asiatic 12/14 400 LA 14/16 300 Orientals 16/18 200 OT 18/20 150 LO 18/20 125 Note: For smaller quantities, some suppliers pack bulbs in bags of twenty-five. Also, the shape of the bulb influences how many bulbs are packed in a plastic crate. For example LO hybrid lilies have a shape that differs from the OT hybrids, making packing tighter for OT compared to LO hybrids. Table . Asiatic Hybrid Lilies. Color Cultivar Bud Count Height Forcing Flowers (bulb size (cm) Time in Upward- 1/14 cm) Greenhouse facing (U) or (days) at 50- Side-facing 55°F Night (S) Temperature Deep Red Black Out 3–6 90 85 U Red Monte Negro 3–5 90 75 U Orange Brunello 4–6 90 85 U Lyon 3–5 95 80 U Orange/ Loreto 2–5 85 75 U Maroon Pink Vivaldi 3–5 90 85 U Toronto 5–7 120 90 U Salmon Cannes 3–5 85 95 U Farfalla 4–7 105 90 U White Navona 4–7 105 85 U Sorpressa 2–4 110 90 U Pink/White Vermeer 2–4 100 90 U White/Pink Renoir 4–7 90 90 U Pink/Yellow Corrida 4–6 90 85 U Yellow London 4–6 90 75 U Gironde 4–7 90 90 U Table . LA Hybrid Lilies. Color Cultivar Bud Count Height (cm) Forcing Flowers (bulb size Time in Upward- 14/16 cm) Greenhouse facing (U) or (days) at 50- Side-facing 55°F Night (S) Temperature Pink Algarve 4–6 110 90 U Brindisi 3–5 90 85 U Yellow Dazzle 5–8 100 90 U Glow 5–8 90 85 U Red Fangio 3–6 115 85 U Original Love 3–5 105 90 U White Litouwen 4–6 110 85 U Timaru 3–5 100 95 U Salmon Menorca 3–6 105 85 U Salmon 3–6 80 70 U Classic Orange Madrid 4–6 90 85 U Royal Trinity 3–6 110 85 U White/Pink Samur 3–5 85 85 U Pink/Yellow Royal Sunset 4–6 95 85 U Lime Green Courier 3–5 95 85 U Table 4. LO Hybrid Lilies. Color Cultivar Bud Count Height (cm) Forcing Flowers (bulb size Time in Upward- 18/0 cm) Greenhouse facing (U) or (days) at 58- Side-facing 6°F Night (S) Temperature White/ Triumphator 5–7 100 95 S Raspberry White White Heaven 5–7 105 100 S White 5–7 100 95 S Elegance Table 5. Oriental Hybrid Lilies. Color Cultivar Bud Count Height (cm) Forcing Flowers (bulb size Time in Upward- 16/18 cm) Greenhouse facing (U) or (days) at 58- Side-facing 6°F Night (S) Temperature Dark Pink Acapulco 4–6 110 85 U Mero Star 4–7 105 115 U Tiber 4–6 100 100 U Star Gazer 4–7 95 100 U Dark Red Dordogne 3–5 105 100 U Tropical 5–9 85 110 U Pink/Yellow/ Bergamo 6–10 130 105 U Red White/Yellow Legend 3–6 105 100 U White/Yellow/ Maryland 3–7 115 110 U Pink Pink Lombardia 5–7 115 100 U Sorbonne 3–6 100 105 U White/Pink Marco Polo 3–6 110 85 U Muscadet 3–6 80 105 U White Casa Blanca 3–5 130 110 S Siberia 4–8 100 110 U Table 6. OT Hybrid Lilies. Color Cultivar Bud Count Height (cm) Forcing Flowers (bulb size Time in Upward- 18/0 cm) Greenhouse facing (U) or (days) at 58- Side-facing 6°F Night (S) Temperature Yellow Conca d’Or 4–6 100 105 S Yelloween 6–8 130 90 U (bulb size 16- 18 cm) Pink Gluhwein 4–9 120 90 U Maywood 5+ 110 100 U Yellow/Red Nymph 5+ 110 100 U Red/Yellow Shocking 4–6 120 110 U Red Visaversa 6–9 110 100 U 4 Table 7. Recommended Temperatures. Lily Group Night Day Temperature Temperature LAs and 50–55°F 62–65°F Asiatics O, OTs, LOs 58–62°F 65–68°F Note: OT, O and L0s show decreased perfor- mance below 55°F. Cultivar Selection . Lily bulbs in cold storage. temperatures no higher than 60°F. If planting must be delayed, bulbs can be held for up to Recommended Bulb Sizes two weeks in a cooler at 34 to 36°F. Do not Bulbs are measured by circumference (cm) refreeze the bulbs or the flower buds may not in a horizontal plane at the middle height develop properly. of the bulb. Selecting smaller bulbs produces weaker stems and fewer flowers. Very small After bulbs have been precooled, they should bulbs often result in no flowers being pro- not be exposed to temperatures above 36°F for duced. Size does matter! periods longer than 8 to 12 hours or premature sprouting will occur. If the shoots of unplanted lilies have grown beyond 2 inches, the bulbs Bulb Storage and Handling are worthless. Oftentimes lily bulbs available Lily bulbs ready for production are available through local garden centers or large chain year round from bulb suppliers. Suppliers pre- stores are held in heated retail areas, reducing cool the bulbs for 6 to 8 weeks at 34 to 36°F to the quality of the lily bulb. Although these ensure that they flower more evenly. Once the bulbs are adequate for a homeowner’s purpose, bulbs are precooled, suppliers freeze them in professional growers are not advised to use peat moss at 28 to 29°F for storage (see photo them for cut flower forcing. 3). Freezing the bulbs prevents sprouting, reduces loss of bulb energy reserves, and mini- mizes disease occurrence. Production Methods Growers should open the shipping boxes There are several production methods immediately upon arrival. Uncover the bulbs available when growing lilies as a cut flower to let them air out and allow them to thaw crop. Lilies can be grown in raised beds in the before planting if they are still frozen. Bulbs can be stored in a cool room overnight at field, in high tunnels, and in greenhouses. Lilies can also be grown in crates in greenhouses. Before choosing a production method, or a combination of methods, growers should consider factors such as facilities and resources available, the types of lilies to be grown, and the time of year for growing the lily crop. Fall and early spring production of lilies requires the use of high tunnels. High tunnels extend the season by allowing growers to start 6 weeks earlier in mid-February and by allow- ing them to plant Asiatics and LA hybrids up until early August to obtain a fall harvest. Growers can plant precooled LA bulbs in . 'Sorbonne'- Oriental lily. the field from March through June. For early 5 4. Greenhouse crate production of three-week-old bulbs. spring and late fall production of Oriental and (Pennant Magnum). Use Round-up in late LO hybrids, it is recommended to grow them winter as a post-emergent weed control. in a heated greenhouse to maintain minimum optimal night temperatures (Table 7).
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