Ha Noi Book Presented 08 3 15 Sm.Pptx
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Ha Noi in brief d o p h u h u n g 08 03 2015 book cover photo editor Michael Waibel sponsors Hanoi is situated in the head of Vietnam’s Red River delta. The city-province is bordered by the provinces of Thai Nguyen to the north, Bac Ninh and Hung Yen to the east, Vinh Phuc to the south, and Phu Tho and Hoa Binh to the west Hanoi’s territories lies within the low floodplain of the Red River, historically a site of intensive wet rice agriculture. The remaining area is part of Soc Son District (to the north), which is somewhat mountainous and hilly Ref. Facing the urban transition in Hanoi: recent urban planning issues and initiatives – Author: Danielle Labbé – 2010 - Institut national de la recherche scientifique Centre - Urbanisation Culture Société https://www.google.com/ http://httt.qhkthn.gov.vn/ maps/ geditor.aspx?mapid @21.10406,105.9006786,11z As the nation’s capital city and second largest agglomeration after Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi is one of the key sites of this urban transition. Ref. Facing the urban transition in Hanoi: recent urban planning issues and initiatives – Author: Danielle Labbé – 2010 - Institut national de la recherche scientifique Centre - Urbanisation Culture Société http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Sword Lake, Photo: content/uploads/ Charles Peyrin, 1918 2015/02/5070368151_65276df0d0_ o.jpg?resize=620%2C396 In 1010, the emperor Ly Thai To built a citadel and established the capital of his empire on the right bank of the Red River. Progressively, a small trade area developed next to the imperial city that is now referred to as the “Old Quarter” Pho Hang Dao- 1940 http://i1.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- http://i2.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp-content/ content/uploads/2015/02/Color- uploads/ Photos-of-Vietnam-in-1915-1.jpg 2015/02/5116833846_f1bf3aea8c_o.jpg? resize=620%2C420 photo: Harrison Foreman Lake side train, Photo: Charles Peyrin, 1954 http://i2.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Sword Lake surroundings - 1969 content/uploads/ Image: David Alan Harley 2015/02/83899003.jpg? http://mannup.vn/100-nam-mien-bac-viet-nam-qua-anh/ resize=620%2C414 Throughout the following eight centuries, the city developed slowly due to state control of trade and a succession of tumultuous wars between competing dynasties. By the time the French settled in the city, in 1874, Hanoi was a relatively small agglomeration of less than 100,000 people. [Danielle Labbé – 2010] http://i2.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Ha Noi- 2004 content/uploads/ Image: David Alan Harley 2015/02/83899006.jpg? http://mannup.vn/100-nam-mien-bac-viet-nam-qua-anh/ resize=620%2C414Socio-spatially, Ha Noi consisted of a combination of three distinct spaces: a citadel, a merchant quarter, and an agglomeration of rural villages surrounded by a dike (Logan 2000; Papin 2001). from Photo Book open space the photo book collects images depicting a city with many historical transport layers, showing preserved apartment traditional and colonial heritages and its vibrant rise to a megacity villa town housing varies of housing typology during development from Photo Book In the Pre-Thang Long period,The ancient Hanoi, with Co Loa capital, started to enter the Vietnamese history as a national socio-political centre http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/ from Photo Book THANG LONG UNDER THE LY DYNASTY (1009-1225) In 1010, King Ly Thai To decided to relocate the capital from Hoa Lu (Ninh Binh) to Dai La citadel (belonging to present-day Hanoi) – a land with a terrain of “rolling dragon and sitting tiger”. Thang Long (Flying Dragon) capital city was built into two separate areas: the Royal Enclosure with royal palaces and the Court Hall, and the civil area where inhabitants lived and were grouped into craft guilds. http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/ from Photo Book The capital was surrounded by an earth rampart expanded from the dykes of three rivers: the Red River to the east, the To River to the north and the west, and the Kim Nguu River to the south. It was the biggest rampart work of the feudal dynasties in Vietnam In the Ly dynasty, Thang Long capital actually became the largest and most typical political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The era of the Dai Viet civilisation was ushered from then on http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/ http://i2.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- content/uploads/ 2015/02/61430125.jpg? resize=620%2C372 Phuc Xa village, Long Bien - 1968 Source: http://mannup.vn/100-nam- mien-bac-viet-nam-qua-anh/ Hanoi was the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1953, during which time it remained a modest city both in size and population, never exceeding 400,000 inhabitants (Wright 1991). Yet French planners greatly transformed the appearance and functioning of the city. Rue de Paul Bert - http://i1.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Rue des http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- 1914 content/uploads/2015/02/Color- Ferblamciers- 1915 content/uploads/2015/02/ Photos-of-Vietnam-in-1915-1.jpg tumblr_n8p5hvxOia1twag8to1_1280. http://i1.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- jpg?resize=620%2C438 content/uploads/2015/02/ HanoiPontDoumer.jpg? Longresize=620%2C438 Bien bridge (Paul Up to the end of the 19th century, colonial Doumer) – 1898-1902 authorities expanded the city area toward the south and west. There, they developed a new area with broad avenues which, organized in a grid system and flanked by spacious villas and gardens, is now referred to as the “Colonial Quarter.” The French also developed major infrastructures and facilities, including the Long Bien Bridge, a railway and train http://mannup.vn/100-nam-mien-bac-viet-nam-qua-anh/ station, a post office, and an opera house. Grand Theatre- 1940 photo: Harrison http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp-content/ Foreman uploads/ 2015/02/12626449043_78198f8a8d_h.j pg?resize=620%2C366 In 1946, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) took power and declared Hanoi its capital. The newly independent nation went through the First Indochina War (1945-1954), followed by the Vietnam War (1962-1975). Big Theatre- 2013 The government policy of deurbanization or dispersal of the population and industries away from Hanoi during the wars limited both the physical and demographic growth of the city (Nguyên Duc Nhuan 1978). Pho Hang Gai - 1915 http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Pho Hang Dao- http://i2.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- content/uploads/ 1920 content/uploads/ 2015/02/6139130792_c75d6ce2dd 2015/02/8088933137_89572a3f66 _o.jpg?resize=620%2C444 _o.jpg?resize=620%2C439 Pho Hang Dong- Rue du Cuivres 1915 http://i2.wp.com/ mannup.vn/wp- content/uploads/ 2015/02/1172153584 6_66a5d287d9_h.jpg ?resize=620%2C243 http://mannup.vn/ 100-nam-mien-bac- viet-nam-qua-anh/ Image: QUYNH HOA, TA - Faculty of Architecture and Urban planning, University of Civil Engineering; THUY LOAN, PHAM - Faculty of Architecture and Urban planning, University of Civil Engineering Image of Hang Buom St. before and after installing unified pent-roof system. before and after http://mannup.vn/100-nam-mien-bac-viet-nam-qua-anh/ http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp- Pho Hang Khoai – Dong Xuan content/uploads/ market Potatoes street- 1915 2015/02/5071044818_01d8c8f59c _o.jpg?resize=620%2C393 by 1965, Hanoi’s total population had reached one million. The city was not to exceed this figure for several decades, for two main reasons: continued control on rural to urban migration, and economic hardship of the 1980s (Thrift and Forbes 1986) In the early 1990s, after the launch of a set of policies known as the “Doi Moi” (renovation) policies, urban population increased substantially. From then on, the city’s population grew at an annual rate of approximately 3% to reach 3.2 million by 2007. Ha Noi railway station – 1921-1935 http://i0.wp.com/mannup.vn/wp-content/ uploads/ 2015/02/5444695172_2fc9d02697_o.jpg? resize=620%2C437 from Photo Book Succeeding the Ly dynasty, the Tran ended the chaos and restored the socio-political order. Thang Long was still the national capital. As it was continuously destroyed by warfare between the imperial political factions at the end of the Ly dynasty, especially in the three Mongol-Yuan invasions (in 1258, 1285 and 1288), the Tran dynasty almost took advantage of the previous constructions and further restored and extended them: in 1230, Dai La citadel and some palaces were repaired; in 1243, the Forbidden City (which was later called Phung Thanh) was rebuilt; and in 1253, Quoc Tu Giam was restored. [http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/] Having been re-organised into 61 districts with higher population density and concentrated on the civilian settlement, Thang Long was more obviously a city with a rapid development of streets, markets and handicraft villages. Many foreign traders came here to earn a living, including the Chinese, Uigurian and Javanese … The Dai Viet civilisation continued developing. [[http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/] https://www.facebook.com/hanoiloverscom/photos/a. Facebook group Hanoi Lovers 568430349871417.1073741828.567675493280236/79738262364285 4/?type=1 Hanoi's Old Quarter from the 1950s from Photo Book In terms of population, Hanoi still comes just after HCMC (6.8 million) but the city is now far ahead of Hải Phòng (1.8 million) and Đà Nẵng (822,000). Although encompassing less densely settled areas, Hanoi’s population density has now reached an average of 1,926 persons per km2. (HSO 2009). from Photo Book Most of this new population consisted of rural migrants from surrounding provinces, with natural growth playing only a minor role in the population increase. (Ledent 2002; Gubry et al. 2002). from Photo Book The so-called “New Hanoi” is expected to become a centre of politics, education, science, economics, and international exchanges.