Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42487-5 — Innovations in Shipping Peter Lorange Index More Information
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42487-5 — Innovations in Shipping Peter Lorange Index More Information Index ABB, 101 automatisation, 197 Accubase PLL, 92 AWILCO, 108–109, 110 Adidas, 186–187 Aframaxes, 125 ballast water and sediments convention Airolo tunnel, 66, 70–71 (BMW), 102 Alaska, 162–166 ballast-water treatment systems, 31, Alexander II (Tsar), 70 102, 189 Alibaba, 3 Baltic Supramax Index, 123 Alliance, 36 Baltics, 70 Almena (tanker), 115 banking sector, 25, 99 Alphaship, 185 bankruptcy, 72–73 Alps, 70–71 barnacle growth, 91 Amazon, 7, 23, 185–186 batteries, 95, 96 Amoco Cadiz, 153–154 Bay of Biscay, 65 Amundsen, Roald, 67 BBC, 62, 95 Andersen, Niels S., 86, 106, 172, 176 BBC Chartering, 6, 18–19, 77, 87–88, Andersen, Svend, 113, 136, 138 112–113, 117, 135–141, 188 Andresen, 141 BBC Shipping, 100–101 A.P. Möller-Maersk, 6, 18–19, 47–48, 62, Becker Marine Systems, 158 68, 86, 105–106, 117, 171–176, 185. Beenstock, M., 13–14 See also Maersk Line Befraktnigsforetnig, 48 container ships of, 77 Bergesen, Morten Sigval, 110–111 Jotun and, 91 Bergesen group, 110–111 Lindö shipyard and, 86 Berlingske Tidende, 176 management of, 80–81 big data, 183–184, 185 net profits of, 85 blockchain, 92–93, 183, 184 restructuring of, 7 Blockshipping, 184 APL/President Line, 36, 92, 118 Blystad, Arne, 126, 178 Apple, 181 BMW. See ballast water and sediments Aqua Clean, 185 convention aquadynamics, 100–101 bottom-up management, 20, 28, 56 Arctic Ocean, 65–66 Bourbon, 81, 192 Arison, Ted, 114–115 branding, 55 Arntzen, Morten, 111–112 Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC), 24–25 artificial intelligence, 197 Bremer Landesbank, 179 A/S Thor Dahl, 64 BRIC. See Brazil, Russia, India, China asset lightness, 6–7, 20, 88–91, 117, Briese, 6, 18–19, 62, 77, 87–88, 95, 117 192–195 Briese, Roelf, 112–113, 135, 136 asset play, 31, 79–80, 117, 177–180 Briese Shipping, 135–141. See also BBC asset-heavy strategies, 20 brokerage firms, 55 Auerbach, 77, 87–88, 95, 136–137, bulk carriers, 3, 4–5, 39, 57, 87–88, 140 106, 131 205 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42487-5 — Innovations in Shipping Peter Lorange Index More Information 206 Index Bulk Invest A/S, 88, 124–125 CoA. See Contracts of Affreightment Bunge, 187 coal, 121, 138 Bunk, Lucius, 140 Coalinga Hills (tanker), 115 bunkers, 195–196 Coalition for Responsible Transportation Burmeister & Wain (B&W), 93–94 (CRT), 164 BW, 111 Colluds 4 Ship, 185 B&W. See Burmeister & Wain commercial technology, 39 commodity shipping, 33, 35–38, 56, 117 CAPEX. See capital costs industrial shipping and, 34 capital, 12, 49, 74, 119 tradition of, 38–39 cost of, 9, 53 commodity strategies, 5–6, 23, 25–26 financial sector and, 24 commodity trading firms, 50 return on, 181 communication, 3, 190, 191 structure, 132 complex cargoes, 87–88, 184 capital costs (CAPEX), 196 Constantakopoulos, Constantinos V., 141, capital-intensive ships, 78 143–144 Cargill, 50, 55, 79, 187 Constantakopoulos, Vasileios, 142 cargo, 92, 93, 99, 138 consumer groups, 191–192 Carlyle, 3–4, 6, 24, 74, 158 Container Crypto Coin (CCC), 184 Carnival Corp, 195–196 container lines, 3, 6–7, 42–43, 149, 188 Carnival Inc., 55, 100 consolidation and, 36–37 cashflow, 19, 31, 53 service frequency of, 37–38 CAST Group, 164 world’s largest, 37 CCC. See Container Crypto Coin Container Platform Token (CPT), 184 central actors, 184 container port terminals, 193 Chan, Bing, 161 container shipping, 34–35, 55, 118–119, changes in shipping industry, 5–6 145, 184 chartering, 40, 63, 73, 120, 150–151 charter rates and, 150–151 China, 4, 5, 95, 138, 143, 152, 158, 189 digitalisation in, 196–198 annual growth rate of, 1–2 innovations in, 155–156 building ships in, 140 container ships, 5, 77, 84–86, 150, 174–175 coal imports to, 121 owned by Seaspan, 43–44, 48–49, 192 deceleration of growth in, 35 SAVER, 77, 86–87, 100–101, 117, 154, economic growth of, 34–35 156–160 economic realities of, 1 super-large, 85 exports from, 3 trend in, 10 financing and, 31–32 containerisation, 115 Germany and, 68–70 Contracts of Affreightment (CoA), 29, 31, global trade and, 181 50, 187, 193–194 inland industrial cities in, 66 COSCO, 36, 55, 118, 137, 182, 192 rapid economic expansion of, 9 Costa, 114–115 slowdown, 2 Costamare, 24, 117, 118–119, 141–144, Western Europe and, 65 145, 185 China National Shipbuilding Corporation, cost-effective ship operations, 43 93–94 Coustas, Dimitris, 144–145 China Ship Economy Research Center, 23 Coustas, John, 144–145, 147–148 China Shipping, 36, 118, 182, 192 CPT. See Container Platform Token Christensen, C. M., 61 crewing, 32, 40, 48, 51–52 Citigroup Global Markets Equity Research, CRT. See Coalition for Responsible 149–150 Transportation Clarksons Platou, 23, 55, 178 Culture Shocks in Maersk Line (Jensen), 80 cloud computing, 8 Cunard, 114–115 CMA-CGM SA, 9, 35–36, 92, 100, 118 currency, 24–25 CO2 emissions, 98, 99, 101, 102, Curtis, Peter, 151, 156–158 153–154, 195 customers, 20, 33, 40, 77, 185, 191 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42487-5 — Innovations in Shipping Peter Lorange Index More Information Index 207 based networks, 47 DryShips, 113–114 intelligence, 55–56 DSME. See Daewoo Shipbuilding and preferences of, 76 Marine relations, 42–43, 44–46, 198 Seaspan and, 57–58 Eastern Europe, 51–52 staying close to, 56–60 Eastern Pacific Shipping, 106–107 cyber security, 197–198 East-West container trade, 36 cycle intensity in shipping, 10 EBITDA, 143, 146–147, 166 cycle-based strategies, 19–21 ECA. See emission control area cylinder stroke, 94, 95 Eckbo, P., 15–16 Cyprus, 73 economic obsolescence, 63 Economou, Geore, 113–114 D-1 requirements, 102 eco-ships, 26 D-2 requirements, 102 EEDI. See Energy Efficiency Design Index Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine efficiency-enhancing innovations, 61 (DSME), 47–48 Egypt, 66–67 Dagens Næringsliv (newspaper), 124 electric propulsion, 94, 95–96, 102 d’Amico Shipping, 188 electronics-based innovations, 62 Danaos, 53, 64, 75, 117, 118–119, emission control, 98, 99 144–150 emission control area (ECA), 101–103 Danaos Management Consultants (DMC), emission requirements, 31, 101 147–148 Emma Mærsk (ship), 77, 84, 173–174 Danish EAC, 35 Emma Maersk class ships Daphese Technologies, 185 of A.P. Möller-Maersk, 77 data, 26–27, 58, 183–184, 185 Energy Efficiency Design Index De Chateauvieux, Jacques, 81, 89 (EEDI), 161 debt, 31, 125–126, 150, 193 engineering-based activities, 24–25 decision-making, 16–17, 19–20, 23–24, 28, English Channel, 65 29, 56, 80–82, 196 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 98 denial of service, 197 equity, 41–42, 48–49 Denstad, Jan William, 6, 72, 73–74 Etherium, 184 deregulation, 40 Euronav, 106 derivatives, 185 European Heavy Lift Services, 137 DHT Condor (ship), 130 Evergreen, 36, 119, 141, 192 DHT Falcon (ship), 130 executives, 27, 54, 57 DHT Hawk (ship), 130 exports, 3, 5, 35, 67–70, 143 DHT Holding, 117, 125–131 Exxon, 129, 153–154 DHT International, 18–19 Di Rollo, J., 197 Far East, 37–38, 186–187 diesel propulsion, 62, 93–94, 95 Fearnley & Eger Shipowning Group, 48 different key dilemmas, 47 FFAs. See forward freight agreements digitalisation, 196–198 FFS. See frontier freight solutions disruptive innovations, 61, 62, 63 field engineers, 138 dividend pay-out ratio, 48–49 filters, 31, 196 DMC. See Danaos Management financial crisis of 2008, 35, 149–150 Consultants financing, 12, 18, 24, 29–30, 75–76, 78, DnB, 25, 119 121, 185 DNV-GL, 46, 77, 87, 139, 140–141 China and, 31–32 Dockwise, 107 inflexibility and, 29 Draft International Standard, ISO innovations in, 71–75 19030, 171 shipowners and, 48 dredging, 39, 66 fins, 101 Drewry, 23, 36 Fleet, 184 dry bulk, 10–11, 106, 120, 122, 181 fleet perspective, 188–192 dry-docking, 160–161, 169, 170, 171 flexibility, 139 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42487-5 — Innovations in Shipping Peter Lorange Index More Information 208 Index Flexport, 184 Handymax, 120 floating storage, 10–11, 15 handysize bulk-carriers, 30 Fon, Morten, 166, 169 Hanjin, 118–119, 144–145, 156, 182 forecasting, 5, 16–17, 32, Hanjin Buddha (ship), 156–158 48 Hapag-Lloyd, 36, 118, 141, 162 liquidity, 25–26 Hardymax, 122 uncertainty and, 26–27 Harfjeld, Svein Moxnes, 126–127 forward freight agreements (FFAs), 3, hatch-covers, 136, 138, 139–140 25, 51 Hatley, John, 98, 99–100 FOSS Maritime, 166 heavy cargo lifts, 112–113 France, 95 heavy fuel, 195 Fredriksen, John, 51–52, 107–108, heavy-lift cargoes, 139 130–131, 177–178 Heerema, 107 freight cycles, 80 herd mentality, 28 freight forwarding, 184 HHI. See Hyundai Heavy Industries Freight OS, 184 hierarchical organisations, 186 freight rates, 3, 4, 21–23, 51, 65, 150, 151, Hive Maritime, 185 182–183 HMM, 118, 119 curve, 23 Höegh, 16 fluctuations, 11 LNG subsidiary, 72, 193 volatility of, 89–90 Höegh, Leif, 58–59 freight trains, 66 Höegh Ugland, 188 friction, 185 Holland America Lines, 114–115 frontier freight solutions (FFS), 185 Holt, Kristin, 119 fuel consumption, 100, 136–137 Hong Kong, 7, 41–42, 151 fuel economy, 138, 140, 160, 171 horsepower, 94 fuel injection systems, 62, 94 Hull Performance Solutions (HPS), 166–171 gas propulsion, 98, 114–115, 161 hull shapes, 62 gas turbines, 94 Hyatt Hotels, 109 Gateway City (tanker), 115 hybrid tugs, 166 Gearbulk, 56, 57, 72, 82–83, 111–112, 170, Hyundai, 35–36, 127–129 187, 188 Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), 47–48, General Motors, 114 154, 174, 175 Genoa, 66, 70–71 Hyundai Merchant Marine, 92 geographic focus, 83 Germanische Lloyd, 87 I.