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VOL. I. MARCH 1$70 No. e

c EDITORIAL OPINION CONTENTS

A BHIEF ACCOT.. .,..,. OF N ECRO HISTORY Robert E. Kuttner, Ph.D., Foreword by "Freedom of Choice" Ilenry E. Garrett, Ph.D. 4 WIIERE THERE'S A \VlLL -Freedom of Choice." The words of race-mixing in the public schools. A Communication from have an attractive ring. Let life As an alternative to Dusing" and John J. Synon 16 be one great shopping mall, and other devices to achieve "racial bal­ everybody have a nonexplnng ance: it is urged that every child, Photo Credit;,: Pages 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 19, 2.5, Wide credit card good for everything, in­ or parent, be given "freedom of World cluding premiums on insurance to choice" as to school. Sounds fair. settle the whole account after we \\That it means in practice. how­ are gone. Wouldn't that be - we ever, is that blacks would have Editor ...... W. J. Simmons think the word is - groovy? Free­ freedom of choice to attend former­ Managing Editor ~Iedforc.l Evans dom of choice. however, in depart­ ly white schools. Whites would not Business Manager Louis \ v. 1IC1l1i~ ment stores, cafeterias, and such, have freedom of choice to keep is conditioned by one hard fact - the schools white. e\'erything has a price, and some­ Such "freedom of choice" is how the bill must be paid. exactly what the Warren Court SUBSCRIPTION $4.00 PER YEAR ~or is it just in the commercial ordered in the Brown decision of S.. lck issues, as available ...... SOt each world that "freedom of choice" runs ~f ay 17, 1954 - a decision beyond Microfilm copies of current as well as back issues of into i r red 11 c i b I e complications. the Constitutional power of the THE CITIZEN may be purchased from University Micro-­ films, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. What could be more ideal than court to make since education is that a young man should ha,·e not properly a federal function. freedom of choice as to the girl he ~Ien who have staked their politi­ PlIlllu.hed monlhly with. combined Jwy-Augwt luue lit JIIC"bon will marry? Unless, as sometimes cal careers on opposing "Black Mississippi, by The CiliUM Council. InC". Seeond-CI1lU mall happens, he chooses to marry a girl ~Ionday should not now, by en­ prh'Ueges aulborlud at Jackson. Miuiuippi. who does not choose to m1rrv him. dorsing a false "freedom of chOice: The opioions c:zpreued in ligned articles appearing herein do not necasarily represent of[jciaJ views of The Citiuus CoonC"i1s Who then has freedom of choice' concede federal control. of Amc:riCli. Official policy st:ateml"DU are plainly designated. THE CITIZEN is not resporu.ible for uruoIicited material suD. Without arguing inequali.ty of the The Nixon Administration, which nllued for pouible publication. AU such matniaJ should be ac­ a)lnpanied hy • sdf·addres.5ed l"Dvelope if its return is cksired. sexes, we think the girl's freedom has done more race-mixing in in that case should have priority schools than everybody else from over the boy's. Sbe should not be Earl Warren to LB J together, forced to marry him just because seems to specialize in talking one that is what he wants. And in­ way and acting another. What the CITIZEN deed, as a general principle of jus­ would prevent it from labeling tice, it seems that freedom to reject forced integration "freedom of OFFICIAL .JOURNA.L OF THE CITIZENS COUNCILS OF AMERICA an association should have priority choice"? It would be HobsoD's 254 East Criffith Street Jackson, ~Iississippi 39202 over freedom to compel an asso­ • ciation. choice, but such a verbal trick Of late, "freedom of choice" has might forestall independent politi­ heen most frequently used in con­ cal opposition in 1972 and un­ nection with the federal program happily forever after.

2 THE CITIZEN A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF HISTORY ROBERT E. KUTTNER, PH.D. Foreword By HENRY E. G.uuu:rr, PH.D.

Following is a succinct but com- unknown to them. Until then, they prehensive account of e g r 0 had no system of measurement; history. their agriculture was primitive; they domesticated no animals; It deals, first, with the African ancestors of the American Negro, they built no bridges or terraces; and their system of cartage was - usually called Bantu. Three participanh in the cereMOny of u Durba," ( ritual of allegiance) held to honor as it remains - the human head. the Tisit in NOYember t 96 t of Queen Eliubeth II and the Duke of Edinlturgh to the Since time began, African blacks In their place of origin, south of the Ashanti region of Gha"., West Afric. ~ On the feft i...... g iei." of the court of an have made little progress: There is , their life was primitive in luha"ti chieftain. Center and right are additional digftituia of the retinue. "The no record of their ever having cre­ Kingdom of Ashanti,'· up the Encyclopedia Britanniu, "wu one of the last and greatest the extreme. of the Aun states ... . . Formerly the sacrifices INd. on i .... port.nt occ.uions were ated a technical civilization; they co"""onl, hum.", uluaUy . Ines." It i. believed that this prOllCtice h.d been dis­ devised no written languages (only In the United States, and in like continued by 1961. spoken dialects); and until the manner, the descendants of the coming of the white maD, SO ele­ Bantu, the black Afro-Americans, work in racial differences. This edge of race differences has been mentary a thing as a wheel was have accomplished little. What achievements they can rightly work, in turn, resulted in a paper confused by name calling and self­ claim, in the main, must be cred­ (sponsored by obel Laureate serving emotionalism. Until Ameri­ ited to hybrids, Negroes with con­ William Shockley) on the relative can policy toward the egro is siderable white ancestry. position of the American Indian. based on fact (not myth and fic­ Dr. Kuttner gave this paper before tion) there will be no lasting solu­ Of necessity, then, the serious the ational Academy of Sciences. tion of the race problem. It is to historian finds he cannot, in writing of this race, list significant Negro Dr. Kuttner edited the important be hoped that this work - being cultural, SCientific, or social ad­ volume, Race and Modem Science, fact and not fiction - will contri­ vancements. There aren't any. In­ Social Science Press, 1967, ew bute to that end. stead, he must confine himself to York City. Henry E. GarreN, puncturing the myths and fiction This issue of The Citizen is com­ Professor Emeritus, Psychology that have filled the void of the mended to readers whose knowl- Columbi!1 University Negro's essentially negative record. That is the egro's history. A Brief Account Of Negro History The author of this treatise, Dr. Introduction some long-buried tomb had been Robert E. Kuttner, is well equipped Even the most casual reader of opened to reveal for the first time to write this book. He holds a doc­ newspapers, magazines, and books the glittering epic of a great race tor's degree in zoology and has must be dismayed by the ever­ that enriched all mankind by its published in this area. His original growing nood of material on 'e­ genius and enterprise. But the interest, that of genetics, led to DR. KUTTNER gro history. It almost seems as if source of this nood has no basis

THE CITIZEN 4 MARCH 1070 • in fresh archeological discoveries. toricaJ revisionism. Few cries of and varied environment, some 270 the sophisticated art work of the No precious scrolls have been protest are directed at this pollut­ million people are preseDtly dis­ caves of paleolithic France. found; no crumbling library exca­ ed Black racist propaganda. tributed, \vith about one-third of The invasion of the white man vated; no pyramid forced to yield There are far more reasons for this number descended from ­ was evidenced by the highly refin­ its secrets. All that is new is the rebuking Black Historians than ites and Semites, who are not part ed tool kits found in I orth and desire to rewrite Negro history. the old German ordicists or the of the Negro race. The earl}' his­ East Africa. The entire Mediter­ with a wanton disregard for truth. Stalinist Slavophiles. At least these tory of Africa is concerned only ranean and Red Sea coastline older doctrines contained a kernel The r\egro American is reaching \vith these peoples. Though the shows a continuous record of C3U­ of truth. The world does owe for a larger share of economic and Negro also lived in Africa, be casian occupation. At the dawn of much to blond Homeric heroes, political power. Appreciating that never stepped on the stage of his­ history. ancient geographers men­ and the legacy of the Slavic people Black Power must rest on Black tory. The story of Africa remains tion Libyan Hamitic tribes hunt­ is not deficient in science, music, Pride. an "instant" history has the story of the white man. ing "Ethiopians" from chariots and literature. The charge against been concocted to build egro Fossil bones of man-like crea­ (Herodotus; The Histories, Book these older is exaggera­ self-esteem. With the eager help of tures have been discovered in East IV). These troglodytes lived in tion, a careless and one-sided in­ numerOliS politicians, journalists, Africa which are believed to be holes and spoke a language like flation of facts. But Black History and academicians, and with more one million years old. This has the screeching of bats. These may brings a totally different affront than adequate subsidies fr 0 m been used to support the claim have been Bushmen. who are before the bar of public opinion. private donors and foundations. a that mankind as typified by the smaller than Negroes and speak a fictional history has been created It is not a case of innation but of :\'egro first originated in Africa language with clicking sou Dds. A outright invention. Black History out of a factual vacuum. The le_ and that this coDtinent was also few thousand still survive in the lacks a nucleus of significant fact; gro masses have been told they the home of the first civilization extreme south of Afrjca. there is nothing to inflate. All its have a record equal or superior to (2, p. 5). Much depends on defi­ Herodotus described two kinds g rea t moments are synthetic the white man's in the shaping of nitions. ln this case, the fossils are of Ethiopians. The East Ethio­ eveDts, either completely unreal or destiny. They have been led to ex­ of creatures about four feet tall, pians, living south of Egypt, had manufactured out of trivial ex­ pect equal or superior roles in the and could not be 'egro or even straight hair; those that lived ploits and ethnic gossip. shaping of our common future. human. or did Africa lead the south of Libya- had crisp and curly A fairy tale emperor once pa­ world during prehistory. The hair (Book VII). Only the woolly­ The educated public is familiar raded before his people in cello­ with falsified history. A short de­ stone industries of Africa lagged haired variety wore animal skins. phane robes. ' 0 one laughed be­ behind other regions. Where pro­ At the time of this writer (circa cade ago Bolshevik propagandists cause be told them only honest announced that Russian socialist gressive technologies are found, as 450 B.C.), the territory below souls could see his clothes. Then in , they show obvious Egypt, then called Nubia and science pioneered the technologi­ the voice of a child opened the cal miracles of the Twentieth Cen­ affinities to developments in Spain Kush. and now the Sudan, was eyes of the people. The same rude and Europe (3). There is nothing still populated by a distinctly oon­ tury. Only a generation ago Nazi exposure awaits Negro History. philosophers promoted the idea in 'egro Mrica corresponding to Negro race. Modem Ethiopia con- that blond Aryans laid the founda­ Prehistoric Mrica tion stones of Greek and Roman Africa is the second largest con­ classical civilization. These eupbo­ tinent and contains about one­ A NOTE ON DOCUMENTATION ric myths may have inspired dup­ quarter of the world's land sur­ ed individuals to entertain feelings face. The topography raDges from The first Arabic number in each pair of parentheses refers to the of racial or ideological superiority, arid desert to wet tropical forest. correspondingly nllmbered items in the list of "References" on Pages but the scholarly world stood Huge tracts are considered 28-29. Other numbers, Arabic and Roman, are self-explanatory. List­ aloof from this abuse of history. ideal for human habitation. The ing a work in the references does not, of course, constilute endorse­ HistoriaDs rejected these artificial notorious fever belt was not so ex­ ment. On Ihe contrary, some works are listed as examples of the ethnic heritages. Truth was Dot to tensive in primitive times, until numerOlls Irauesties 011 scholarship which now mislead the unsophis­ be perverted to glorify political large-scale agriculture was intro­ ticated regarding Negro history. The text makes clear which items dogmas. But now a strange and duced by Malayo-Polynesians (1). Dr. Kllt/ner considers lrusllcorlhy. awkward silence greets Negro his- Within tbe confines of this vast

• THE CITIZEN MARCH 1970 7 Blacks to form the contemporary Before this time, expeditions were tion. Tbe "Ethiopian" dynasty as­ Bantu people. Depending on the sent into egro territory to obtain sumed power 3000 years after amount of Hamitic or ilo-Hami­ human specimens for the enter­ Egyptian bistory began I Herodo­ tic blood, these egroid peoples tainment of the Pbaraoh or out of tus adds the stinging commentary differ from the equatorial West scientific curiosity. Documents that they seized the throne from a African by less depressed. nasal still exist verifying this point. Ship blind Pharaoh ( Book II ). The bridges and by less prognathic captains are instructed not to let iron weapons of Assyrian armies jaws. natives faU into the Nile until the soon ended this reign. The civilization of the egro at royal court bas bad the opportuni­ Some writers make much of the this time correlated exactly with ty to examine the creatures. A fact that Africa contained great the nearest Caucasian culture. pygmy was worth more to one kingdoms wbi1e many white men High up the 'ile river, the Negro Pharaoh than an entire treasure were still painted savages (5). bore the imprint of Egypt; in fleet (4). The intended comparison is be­ Ethiopia) Hamitic and Semitic in­ Practical economic motives soon tween Egypt and the Celts of Eng­ fluences permeated egro tribes; replaced this curiosity with a busy land. It is implied that the "Afri­ Ethiop;"" E",peror. in West Africa, Libyan traffic in slaves and mercenaries. can" kingdom was a 'egro civili­ Haile Sel.auie imposed the folkways of Islam on For fifteen centuries, the Egyptian zation, while the ancestors of mod­ the backward natives. In no area overlords drew bea vily on the em Englishmen are stated to be tinues to show a strong Caucasian were Caucasians in debt to egro strain in the upper classes of the mixed 'ilo-Hamitic peoples of at the level of Australian abori­ contributions. In instances when ruling tribes. Nubia for the labor needs of their gines until the Roman Conquest. were engulfed by large The equatorial or forest egro empire. Tbese slaves did not civi­ Such artfully vague comparisons 'egrQ tribes, the mixed products may have evolved in West Africa. lize Egypt. What made Egypt might easily deceive uninformed were considered inferior by the unique was old before they ar­ readers. The first part we already Migration to the east and south purer Hamites and often subju­ probably began when the Sahara rived. Culture £lowed in the other know is false. Caesar himself re­ gated. Even in these cases, the direction. 10 the ubian cities of futes the second half. He describ­ became too desiccated to provide Hamitic language usuaUy replaced game. The Hom of Africa was al­ Napata and Meroe, poor copies of ed his Celtic enemies in England, the native tongue. ready held by Hamites who cross­ Egyptian architecture, writing, as did other Roman writers, as ed from Arabia around 7000 B.C. The Empire of Egypt • handicrafts, and religion were at­ fighting from bronze chariots, us­ At this racial frontier east of the The slow climb to civilization tempted, probably stimulated by ing metal weapons, minting coins, ile, mixed population formed commenced in Egypt. Sumeria the needs of Egyptian colonists, constructing sea-going vessels) that may have been ancestral to may have been older but did not ubian converts, and abandoned buiJding astronomic observatories, the tall and thin ilotic (Sudanic) endure as an empire. egro parti­ military garrisons. living in cities, and having a more Negro. Libyan (Berber) Hamites cipation at any level in Egyptian The racial amalgam in ubia advanced religion t han pagan prevented pentration to the north, civilization, if it could be proved, was able to shake free from Egyp­ Rome (6). This type of odious propaganda leaves the reader with so the ! egro tide was deflected would add tremendously to racial tian authority after seoile decay south into Busb territory. The prestige. A popular text therefore and foreign wars sapped the a vivid picture of primitive whites semi-dwarf Bush people retreated claims that pure Caucasians were strength of the empire. The former hunting kangaroo packs \vith from egro pressure and were not the founders of the Nile king­ colony became the Kusbite king­ boomerangs while egroes are ultimately forced into the inaccess­ dom (2, p. 6-10). In fact, it states dom, and exactly 500 years after building pyramids! The Romans ible wastes of South Africa. that such whites as resided in the last important Egyptian Pha­ were better informed on these matters than some of our textbook This final pbase of egro ex­ Egypt were actually slaves from raoh had died (Ramses n, circa writers. pansion began and was completed Ethiopia who were sent as gifts to 1225 B.C.), an "Ethiopian" prince in the last thousand years. Tbe the Pharaohs! This is diametrically lodged himself on the royal throne. Other kingdoms existed in Afri­ contact zone between the Negro opposite to everything known How this ubian of questionable ca besides Egypt. These were in­ and Bush races was filled with by­ about Egyptian history. Xegro ancestry could be counted habited and often ruled by 'e­ brid tribes called Hottentots, who Egyptian control was not secure as a founder of Egyptian civiliza­ groes but the germinal influence were slowly assimilated by the in Nubia until about 2000 B.C. tion evades all rational explana- remained unmistakably Caucasian. • THE CITIZEN MARCH 15170 • It is fashionable to refer to these clear that Arab power could not glory. Spain was never heralded government, perhaps because of sub-Sahara kingdoms as mighty be further expanded into Spain, as a great empire at this time; it its unimportance or lack of rev­ Negro empires in current treat­ the Almoravid pashas turned was a collection of petty kingdoms enue. the garrison intennarried ments of the subject (e.g. 7). The south in search of easier prey. with Leon, Aragon, and Castile with the local population and con­ unpalatable truth is th~t not one After some skirmishes for the pos­ predominating. On the other hand, tinued to rule as autonomous vice­ step to sovereign statehood was session of Ghanese salt deposits, a Ghana is pictured as the center of roys until driven out by the sur­ made until Caucasian elites infil­ Moorish army journeyed for two great imperial strength, with mass­ prised French some three centur­ trated the West African savanna. months across the hot Sahara sand ies later. For endless centures, primitive to topple the Ghanese kingdom in ed armies of hundreds-oI-thous­ ands of trained warriors at the egroes lived and died on the 1070 A.D. These kingdoms have received fringes of the Sahara in apathetic beck-and-call of a 'egro emperor. generous praise from many writers Embarrassed by this defeat, Ne­ It was not this fabulous army, but innocence, when they were finally as important examples of Negro gro writers point Ollt that these the difficulty of transporting loot prodded awake by Berber intrud· civilization. Historians have yet to fierce Moors fought the chivalry across the Sahara, that led to the ers. unearth one original contribution of Christendom to a standstill in Moorish withdrawal. Warfare in the disintegrating Spain. What is forgotten is that to world culture from the vastness African provinces of Rome scat­ these Moors preferred to cross one­ A new egro-Moslem conSOr- of West Africa. These pitiful tered Jewish and Libyan refugees thousand miles of inhospitable tium started the Mali empire out blooms were weak reflections of throughout the Sahara. A group of desert rather than ten miles of of the debris of Ghana. By now, far distant Moorish grandeur. The Berber pastoralists turned up in water in their pursuit of military Negro "civilization" had picked up sub-Sahara peoples added nothing the Senegal basin where they es­ a thick veneer of Moslem culture, to what they borrowed. The main tablished a dynasty among },Iande and Arab writers note the pilgrim­ civilization to the north was not Negroes that lasted for 44 kings ages of pious Mali kings to religi­ enriched except by a traffic in (8, p. 18). Expelled in the 8th ous shrines. Mali was doomed to slaves. The residue of almost one century, they ned westward to be engulfed by a new entity called thousand years of contact with Tekrur and again became domi­ the Songhay empire. A Berber Islam are some Arabic customs nant over native peoples. Traces clan originating in the Lake Chad and a vestige of Koranic leaming. of Hebrew customs carried along area provided the leadership for To leave so little behind is objec­ by these roving Berbers long sur­ this coup. They became known as tive evidence that these kingdoms vived the assimilation of the ori­ the Dia rulers. Other Berbers from were totally devoid of any self­ ginal carriers. the same region set up the Mossi­ sustaining organic vitality. Dagomba kingdom to the south. The first legro kingdom in Greece perished after the death West Africa, bravely called the During this era, several Berber of Alexander, and Rome sank un­ Empire of Ghana, preserved this caravan encampments grew into der the weight of Gothic barbar­ record of white Libyan kings as genuine cities, the best known be­ ians, but the heritage of these de­ its earliest political memory. Only ing Timbuktu at the north bend funct civili7.ations could not be de­ contemporary Afro-American his­ of the 'iger river. Always a vital stroyed. It constitutes the bulk of torians have forgotten who con­ station for trans-Sahara trade, it ac­ European history as it is taught to­ solidated the Senegal villages into quired considerable strategic and day. The ahsence of an equivalent a political organism. The Senegal economic value, and thus attract­ African heritage is proof enough itself owes its name to the Berber ed foreign invaders. Shortly be­ that the medieval kingdoms in Senga tribe. fore 1600 A.D., a band of Chris­ Africa were purely derivative in Ghana did not outlive by much tian renegades in Moroccan serv· culture. West African Negroes the departure of their mulatto ice occupied the city and its tribu­ were in a state of suspended ani­ dynasts. Arab-~Iosl em conquests tary centers and destroyed the mation before being discovered by covered the northern coasts of Songhay empire. Timbllktu be­ Berbers, and returned to this con­ Africa with a chain of belligerent city" dition when the Berbers left. Young Gh.an.a i.a n with young sh.a rk, on came a "lost to its masters. Moorish emirates. When it became Lab.a di Be.ach, ne.ar Accr~ . Forgotten by the remote Moorish (Continued on Nert Page)

THE CITIZEN MARCH ltno 11 Central Sahara and sub-Sahara Ethiopia and East Africa Further down the coast of East groes bave built large canoes but East Africa has both a written kingdoms. The names of the last Africa, ruined and rebuilt Arab no records of ocean-going craft history and a long oral tradition. kings at Meroe could not be in­ cities are found in considerable have been found. egro fleets When the pieces are stitched to­ scribed on their tombs because of numbers. None of these ancient never existed and the egro never gether, the Negro is almost com­ the Dark Age that settled on the pnrts reveal any evidence of Negro sailed anywhere. The ships came pletely excluded from mention. land after Egyptian influence was initiative. Arab, Persian, Hindu, &om the other direction, seeking We l"ow the egro was present withdrawn. and Chinese merchants conducted slaves, ivory, ostrich feathers, because pockets of cultivators can their business \vith scant regard ebony, and animal hides. The na­ still be found scattered throughout The Semitic Ambara tribe in to the Zengi slaves doing the brute tive African showed no ability to the region. History flowed over Ethiopia faced no serious challenge labor in the fields and on the cross oceans, much less locate and and around them as the ocean until Arabia spawned new hordes docks. It was very late in the his­ exploit markets. Even the pnpu­ tides over sand. Their hlood mixed of restless nomads. Although the tory of these Arab enclaves that lating of nearby Madagascar was into the Hamitic stock which still Amharic people originated in Arab the ruling Sheikhs picked up Ne­ left to far distant ~ I alayo-Polyne ­ can be sorted out by the propnr­ Yemen, they felt no kinship to­ gro blood from the harems of sians from Asia because the Negro tion of egro genes, the earliest ward Moslem Arabs and Persians their forebearers. could not navigate 200 miles of Hamites having the most pro­ living in the coastal cities. These water. No Negro Carthage Or nounced Negro cast to their fea­ trading centers were engulfed in The Arab handprint is patent in Phoenicia exis ted in East Africa. tures. the 10th century invasion of fanat­ all the pnrts on the Indian Ocean (10). Yet because these were Zimbabwe and Rhodesian Gold The Calla nomads were the last ic Hamite-spealing Somali clans who soon dominated the Hom of "African" cities. the notion per­ Two hundred miles inland from Hamites to cross the Red Sea into sists that great legro trading em­ Northeastern Africa .in the pre­ Africa. The Somali Sheikhs fought the Mozambique coast are the pires were headquartered at these literate period. Negriticized Ham­ fierce religious wars with the most famous ruins in fegro Africa. places. It is conceded th.t Ne- ites were pushed out toward the Christian Ethiopians. They also The Zimbabwe ruins are famous Nile. About 700 B.C., a new people drove the Calla Hamites back into were attracted to the Ethiopian Ethiopia. Somali history has been highlands, which provided a cli­ adequately reconstructed and like mate more suitable to Caucasians. that of Ethiopia, is without per­ This Semitic wave conquered or ceptible Negro contributions (9). drove out the Cana Hamites and The pre-Hamitic Blacks, called establisbed the Axumite kingdom. Zengi by Arab writers, were largely The aristocracy accepted Chris­ eliminated by the Somali. Some tianity in the 3rd century A.D. and hunting and fishing peoples in this faith was preserved against southern bear traces of many Moslem thrusts in later Bushman physical traits. Other years. The Axumites invaded the Bantu groups practice agriculture degenerate Kushite (ubian) in small settlements along the capital of Meroe in 350 A.D. and Juba river. They have accepted sent refugees streaming westward Islam and are tolerated by the into pagan 'egro territory. These Somali pastoralists much as they Kusbite peoples may have carried were tolerated by the formerly with them iron-working skills dominant Calla nomads. The in­ which began to appear in parts of fusion of l\egro blood into some Negro Africa at this time. Know­ Somali clans has led to schisms ledge of writing was forgotten at along racial lines. In Ethiopia, the Meroe before the Axumite foray less tolerant Christian Amhara and this may be why no written usually enslaved the visibly Neg­ Zimb~bwe-type elliptical w~lI. known .. s the N~I~t~1e R" in .. bo"t 8S 'I frollt ."'~w~yo. Rhodesi~. The "Grut Zirn"Bwe" ("Zimbabwe" . ' B t nod' es language was transmitted to the roid tribes. "sto" h U ) . 17 . . IS .. ~n" wor rne~ning e o"ses .s "lIln from Fort Victori~ • .. !so in Rhodesi .. ,

12 THE CITIZEN MARCH ISt70 13 because they are of stone. They Portuguese sea captains aD\.. have long been considered the cartographers were acquainted answer to critics who held that the with the existence of Zimbabwe. Negro could never build anything In their fanciful accounts, it was more complicated than a straw believed that the village was the capitol of the ~Ionomotapa "en.­ hut. It cannot be denied that Zim­ pire." This empire was already in babwe is far from the tracks of a state of decay before white men white men. On the other hand, learned of it, so that the standard Zimbahwe is hardly proof that the accusation that Europeans de­ Negro can build an enduring ur­ stroyed great Negro civilizations ban civilization if left to himself. cannot be sustained in this case. The strongest evidence for Zim­ Much about Zimbabwe is still a babwe's being the product of native mystery, but it is clear that it can­ genius is the inferior design and not represent a mighty empire or workmanship. Compared to the a lost Civilization, as some roman­ cyclopean [nca forts and Maya tic writers contend. Scene in mode rn Cotonou, one of the two .:apinls of Dahomey. One of the synthetic temples, it is a pathetic travesty The Effect of on Africa members of the UN, Dahomey is on tile notorious Sine Coast of West Africa. where of the mason's art. The walls are The previous sections have un­ Negro kings sold fellow blac ks as sinn to Europeans for h'ansport to America . of small stones placed without covered no signs of significant cul­ mechaoical equipment and no tural activity in Negro Africa. slaves for a dozen centuries with­ between the Cameroons and Sene­ measuring devices were used in When left to himself, the :\"egro out extinguishing the cultural vi­ gal. This was the most densely in­ the construction (11). No stretch was satisfied to continue in his tality of the Caucasian population. habited part of Africa and the of the imagination can make it primitive way without seeking to The depopulation of Africa by average loss of population was one of the wonders of the ancient alter his environment or improve slave traders did not approach the probably less than one per cent world. In fact, it is not at all an­ his condition of life. Current apo­ effects of the bubonic plague, call­ each year (8, p. 85). Though the cient. logists for egro history have little ed the Black Death, which \viped preference was for young and vig­ raw material out of which to cre­ out one-third of Europe's people. Radioactive carbon dating of orous stock, such losses would Dot ate proud civilizations in Dative It seems that Europe was destined Zimbabwe timber beams i.ndicate have crippled a healthy SOCiety. In Africa. The task of converting to triumph over adversity and that that the wood is no older than 600 the 16th century, less than one Hamitic, Semitic, and Moslem cul­ Africa was fated to decline. Some or 700 A.D. The first phase of the million slaves were taken. By this tures into tegro creations is an weakness in Negro society may construction was carried out before time, the last vestiges of the sub­ have made it particularly vulner­ Bantu Negroes entered the region. unpromising venture; too much Sabara kingdoms were gone. No able to destruction, and SOme hid­ The earliest occupants must have genuine history has to be discard­ great "empire" existed for the ed which is already ensconced in den strength in the European may been Bushmen. The need to forti­ slavers to destroy. The removal of libraries and museums. The only have resisted demoralization. Arab fy the settlement developed in re­ another three million people in other course is to blame the ab­ slavers could detect such charac­ sponse to aggressive Bantu incur­ the 17th century would not have sence of ~ egro civilizations on the ter qualities. They found the Negro sions. The few clues to the original been fatal if the seeds of any p0- bad effects of slavery. easy to exploit and subdue. But architects have been sifted care­ tential civilization were already European and Asiatic slaves were fully and point to foreign traders Slavery was not unique to Afri­ planted. But the region was lack­ called "Mamelukes," which implied ing any evidence of strivings to­ who were motivated by a desire to ca. Other areas were similarly ex­ they were dangerous and unruly. protect the caravan routes to the ploited but did not become per­ ward civilization. The local chiefs Rhodesian gold pits (12). The manently blighted. Vikings, Huns, It is estimated that over a 300- were interested only in profiting stone tower is a poor imitation of Mongols, Saracens, Turks and year period, up to 24 million from the demand for human mer­ ),'losJem minarets in Arab cities countless other varieties of brig­ people were removed from Africa chandise. The Negro kings sold and is a late addition, only a few ands stormed through Europe by slavers, with two-thirds this their slaves at inflated prices and centuries old. regularly in search of booty and number coming from the region (Continued on Page 18) .. THE CITIZEN MARCH 1!iit70 15 This gentle person's inspiring leadership resulted in the erection of what has come to be more than 20 Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children. * There are those who remember• * the* selfless years this selfless, great man gave to his effort, trudging in his own shadow from friend to friend, afire with the need for money. There were tWIsted young bones to be straightened, the bones of those who had been forgot. Re-write YOUT will, was his simple message. As the years and his friends passed, the worth of his efforts became apparent. When wills were read there seemed always to be a generous, God-felt rememhrance for the hospitals. And the Shriners' hospitals flourished. They flourish today. And John Mc­ Gilvray and friends had their answer; they had struck their halance. He.dqu.,ters, Citiuns Counc ils of Ame, iu .nd Council School Found.tion. JKkson. Mississippi. Throughout the South, now* *, there* * are thousands of children in need; White children whose government is denying them the edu­ WHERE THERE'S A WILL cation they must have - 'Vhite children whose bones, in a sense, are being twisted. Sometimes, when the moon begins to wane and a man sits alone, And throughout the South there are those who are struggling he is inclined to ponder the past, to wonder what he has done with valiantly to meet the scholastic needs of these young, mostly-poor the life God gave him. He tries to justify his existence, strike a students. balance. These children need your help now, today, and they will need it It is natural that he should, since, in the rising time, a person tomorrow. If they are to maiotain their racial integrity, if they are does not overly concern himself about the hereafter - and that is to be educated to the standards they merit, you - or someone - natural, too. But eventually the question forms: "What worthwhile must remember them : Re-write your wi.Jl. things have I done with what has heen given me? What report will I give; what have I done with my talents?" Remember in your ,vill The Citizens Councils of America. Generally, the answer comes slowly, uncertainly: "I have raised They above all are fighting this the kids and pave loved them. I have provided a home for them and fight for our children. Do so for the wife and, when asked, I have given a bit, here and there. I and the Councils will protect have met my obligations." your children's children when Such an answer will do as a public response but it is rarely a you can no longer do so. satisfactory inner reply for. in the main, most of what we do in the Re-write YOUT will; strike way of ennobling acts, as Christians, we know we should do. your halance. That is why, when a man reaches the mull-ing age and comes honest, he is apt to conclude a gap exists - a goodness gap, it might be called - between the things he has done, his obligations, and what JOHN J. SYNO he might do, the point beyond, the Christ-like act of giving. Kilmarnock, * * Some 50 years ago, a gentleman* * - long gone, now - thought Virginia along these lines. As John McGilvray's own shadow lengthened, he thought he should do something beyond his ohligations - and he did.

,. THE CITIZEN MARCH ISHO 17 (Continued frum Page 15) The European found it easy to groes" although they are predomi­ tian blood had no ill effects since forced independent traders to pay take slaves out of Africa, but hard nantly white (e.g. 15). Dumas' son was also a talented exorbitant taxes (B, p. 80). to stop the traffic once the local The grandmother of Dumas was writer. chiefs appreciated its economic re­ a Negress from Haiti. Whether Pushkin's grandfather was an Slavery did discourage Negro wards. Arahs such as Osman Din­ she was pure r\egro is not known. Ethiopian slave purchased from enterprise. Since European goods ga in the Sudan and Tippo Tip in At most, Dumas had one-quarter Turks and given to the Czar as a were of superior quality, native Central Africa continued to oper­ :\'egro ancestry. Since his paternal novelty. He was educated in arts and skills atrophied from the ate commercial empires out of grandfather was a successful France as a soldier and lived as a It competition. was easier to sell reach of European armies, with the French planter and his mother favorite in the Russian Court. A a slave for an iron pot than to connivance of Negro kings. Ulti­ came from good stock, it is evi­ son by a Gennan woman became make one. Agricultme also suffer­ mately, European pressure on dent that Dumas was not handi­ the father of Push kin. So Pushkin ed since slave wars provided meat Arab Sheikhs was to prevail in capped by inferior white genes. was also a quadroon \vith only for cannibals. Slavery did offer even the remotest districts, and The further d;Jlltion of the Hai- one-quarter Negro ancestry. Since new opportunities and some tribes the greed of egro sellers and became highly specialized raiders. Caucasian buyers no longer mo­ They fought bitter wars to obtain lested the people of Africa. seaports so they could deal direct­ Though the need for slaves has ly with European agents. The ended, tranquility has not return­ Guinea kingdoms of Dahomey, ed to Africa. The Negro has Ashanti, and Benin were largely found other reasons for warring on fonned as an economic response to his neighbors, in which regard he slavery (B, p. 86). The Oyo em­ does not differ too much from pire of the Yoruba even sold its other races. own citizens when it could no longer obtain slaves from other Aho-European Achievements tribes (13). Europe absorbed some Negro Unfortunately for these militar­ blood via Moorish and Saracen istic kingdoms, most of which veins and also through a limited later became rather small colonies, traffic in domestic slaves. Emanci­ the attitude toward slavery chang­ pation came earlier in Europe; so ed in Europe and steps were taken free Negroes presumably had to end the traffic. The Royal Navy more opportunity to assimilate the was free to blockade West Africa surrounding culhJre and to con­ after the 'apoleonic War ended tribute to it. Texts prepared fo r (B, p. 103). In some years, as school children identify only two many as 25 per cent of the crews "Negroes who enriched the aes­ of the patrol fleets died of fever thetic milieu of their periods. The (14). Over one thousand slave first of these was Alexander Du­ ships were captured by the time mas, whose many adventure nov­ of the Civil War. Chasing elusive els are f.,'orites of young readers slave ships could not end the and Hollywood script writers (es­ trade so long as African chiefs en­ pecially "The Three ~Iusketeers" joyed huge profits. The stubborn and "The Count of ~Ionte Cris­ Guinea Slave Kingdoms were fin­ to"). The other was Alexander ally forced into bankruptcy by Pushl";n, a Russian poet and nov­ landing marines and converting elist who was killed in a duel in them into peaceful little colonies. 1837. Both are listed as great "Ne- G~ft'¥ i e . in D~homey is called "The Venice of Africa." Compue with the rell Venice, shown ~ bove.

18 THE C ITIZEN MARCH IlnO 19 attempts were made to ransom the the Negro in this fact, even if it is possible. The Boston Massacre grandfather, he probably. belong­ were true. The glory belongs ex­ stemmed from a lawless attack on LIBERAL ADMISSION ed to the Ethiopian aristocracy clusively to Columbus, who cam­ a British sentry guarding a custom II • • it has become impossible and was therefore Semitk rather paigned 15 years to outfit the expe­ bouse. Soldiers defending royal to hide from view any longer than 'egro in biological back­ dition that discovered the lew property were charged with "police the fact that school integra­ ground. " 'odd. The officers and crew were brutality" for firing on a mob. tion, although it has certainly inert cargo who didn't know where Following a pattern that has be­ Afro-American Achievements been 'an experiment noble in they were going because Columbus come more common today. the seo­ purpose: has tragically failed It would be in North America falsified the ship's log to avoid tries and not the disorderly citizens almost everywhere." that any latent Negro ability would alarming the sailors. were arrested and brought to trial. -Stewart Alsop in Newsweek, Rower for the delectation of the Unlike today, however. there were Feb. 23, 1970 historian. In the United States, over Pedro A Ion zo Nino hardly covered himself with distinction. genuine patriots who believed in ten per cent of the population is law and order even if upheld by of African origin, and out of so As pilot of the Santa Maria, he unpopular English soldiers. ally banned the recruiting of Negro large a group the infrequent mani­ shares in the responsibility of The attorney who defended the troops, those that were in the line festations of genius have a fair wrecking this ship on Christmas soldiers was John Adams, who was were permitted to stay. The Eng­ chance to emerge. It is also in Eve, 1492 (18). Along with other destined to become the second lish were cautious with runaway l\orth America that a gullible 'e­ officers, he left the deck with the president of the foundling Repub­ slaves for fear of antagonizing Tory gro public hungers for fables to fill helmsman unsupervised, contrary lic. He was _astute enough to dis­ sentiment. Few Negro units exist­ an empty past. No Negro of any to Columbus' strict standing orders, tinguish legitimate protest from ed, and only one received special worth would escape the attention and the Rags hip ran onto a sand mob violence, and won acquittal mention, a Rhode Island regiment of i'\egro revisionists, and if Afro­ bar in calm seas. But Il,is pilot has American achievements fall short an even stranger claim to fame. for the soldiers but not for their of 125 men which sought to protect officers. After emotions cooled the wounded person of their white of significance, it is not because He was the first man to engage l\:egro propagandists haven't tried. in large-scale slave trading in the down, the people of Massachusetts colonel. Other feats are less well Every attic bas been rummaged for New World. Nino freighted three were able to make the same dis­ attested. The story of Peter Salem, a Black man, shooting the Britisb Black heroes and surely nothing ships with Indian captives and tinctions and supported Adams for has been overlooked. The Negro brought them to Cadiz, where they high office. 10 this picture, Crispus officer leading the charge on the Boston Heights, is part of the Negro desperately craves historical cre­ were reduced to slavery (19). Prior Attucks becomes the first urban ter­ dentials so that he can join the to this act. Indians were bonded rorist to confuse criminal orgies Apocrypha and is unsupported by (20). majority culture as an equal part­ only if they murdered a Spaniard; with civil rights. This may be the evidence reason wby the Massachusetts His­ ner. The white man should also be they were taken to Spain as curi­ lefferson and Beniamin Banneker osities or to be converted. Nino's torical Society in 1887 protested a a student of Negro history. The years following the War of commercial initiative is one of the memorial to the victims of the There is no better way to judge the Independence threw into contrast ironies of history, be<..'ause the flow "massacre" (20). A good perspec­ future contributions of a people the newly won freedom of the of slaves eventually went in the tive 00' this event is now much than by examining their p.c1.st contri­ white population with the continu­ other direction and involved the harder to find, and some cities plan butions. ing slavery of the Negro. A number brethren of his suspected race. to celebrate Crispus Attucks Day Negro history has been traced with patriotic fervor. Many bope of literate Negroes corresponded back to the arrival of Columbus. Crispus At/licks to see it rank as a new national with prominent whites OD this mat­ The notion is pushed with varying The individual selected to repre­ holiday (21). ter and their comments and ser­ degrees of boldness that Pedro sent the Negro at the birth of the mODS have in some instances been Alonzo Xino. one of the pilot-navi­ United States is Crispus Attucks, The Revolutionary War saved. Benjamin Banneker, a self­ gators in the Admiral's fleet, was a a mulatto sailor who was one of The real history of this period taugbt 'egro mathematician, ad­ i'\egro (16) . Other writers merely the victims of the Boston Massacre was made in conference halls dressed a letter to Jefferson, ad­ suggest that some historians be­ of 1770. He has been called the where the binding documents that monishing him for having reserva­ lieve this to be true (2, p. 35; 17, p. "First Patriot" to die for his coun­ formed this nation were framed and tions about the intellectual capabili­ 5). There would be little merit for try. More than one interpretation signed. Though Washington initi- ties of the Negro race. Jefferson

20 THE CITIZEN MARCH ISHO 21 never changed his mind on this is· historians are content to assign the Strong resentment was shown sue, but did secure Banneker a final Union triumph to a larger pop­ against Black regiments when pay NEW BLACK BAG position with the commission that ulation, a stronger economy. a suc­ scales were equalized. Since many Roy Innis, national director of mapped out Washington, D. C. cessful blockade, and to a careless !\egro recruits were in labor de· the Congress of Racial Equality An almanac prepared by Banneker Confederate mohilization. tachments or posted to safe garri­ (COREl, said in St. Louis last was sent to the French Academy sons, this seemed to reward the month: "We are no longer in by Jefferson as testimony to the fact Close to 200,000 Blacks were es­ great mass of ill-trained Black sol­ the integration bag. We have that some "Ethiopians" were not timated to have served in the armed diers the same as frontline whites. restructured our a p pro a c h. without civilized skills. Yet Jeffer­ forces of the Union. This number This was expressed in Congress in White folks don't want integra­ tion . __ . and black folks don't son undoubtedly knew that Banne­ could be reached only by drawing mid-l864 (24). want it either." Innis said that ker had an industrious English on slaves in border states and ex· " ... They propose to put those CORE planned to ignore the grandmother and therefore could slaves in liberated areas. The first of them capable of rendering mil­ " Eastern liberal press estab­ not be evidence of what pure Ke­ 1\egro units were Dot organ.ized itary service into the Army to lishment" and integrationist groes could accomplish (2, p. 66). unlill863, and not tested in serious fight the battles of the country. bu reaucrats in HEW. fighting until July of that year, The Civil War .. . vVhere in your armies have -St_ Louis Post-Dispatch, when the war reached its mid· you placed these men? Have you Feb. 19, 1970, p.5D. The Negro remained a passive point. Serving under white offi­ placed them as a shield between object until the Civil War. Before cers, many Black regiments dis­ the enemy and your white this conflict, a few plantation mu­ played adequate valor and received troops? . .. '0, sir: these Black tinies and Abolitionist petitions con­ mately acquired a civil service ap­ adequate recognition. The same men have not been placed in stituted the entire range of Negro pointment, a white wife, and had few accounts of Negro courage ap­ that position; they have been participation in the flow of history_ a tenn as minister to Haiti. The pear in the various popular books placed behind fortifications and The raging slavery question moved failure of other :-

22 THE CITIZEN MARCH 15170 23 charitable, and educational organi­ gandists bave foisted some Negro Captured by Indians, Estevan and zations. Black leaders matured "firsts" onto the unsuspecting pub­ three white companions were en­ their talents in this less competitive lic and these ought to be scruti­ slaved for six years. Their escape environment and often achieved a nized before they become

24 THE CITIZEN MARCH 15170 2' blood substitutes was ":nown and tion and styles of playing are amp­ 218). Television screens may soon have done well in sports invented extensively researched by others a ly credited to them, along ,vith portray Hannibal with a black skin by white men would not constitute full generation before. His accom­ spirituals and folk songs. But ap­ leading his elephants across the serious history. Other :\"egroes plishments were not sufficiently parently a hunger for more sub­ Alps to war on Rome. have shown proficiency with cer­ weighty to draw mention in recent stantial accomplishments lingers on. Alexander Hamilton, closest aide tain musical instruments designed reviews in medical literature (29). So it happens that Lud,vig "on to George Washington and first by other races, and still otllers per­ form well in opera, ballet, drama, The most famous Afro-American Beethoven, the giant among com­ U. S. Secretary of the Treasury, has and theater in roles created by scientist, George Washington Gar­ posers, is found to have African been the target of frequent asper­ white men. However, such feats ver, devoted his life to finding new blood in his long-deceased Ger­ sions about the purity of his blood. belong in the entertainment section uses for agricultural products. He manic veins. This bit of fantasy, by Dr. W. E. B. DuBOis, a prolific of newspapers, or on the sports demonstrated the commercial value Joel Rogers, is rejected by most egro writer of scholarly propa­ pages or gossip columns. Black of neglected crops and converted l'\egro scholars (30). ganda, suggested that Hamilton's students may revel in this sort of farm wastes into marketable goods. illegitimate birth in the West In­ Another victim of the racial kid­ documentation but it is not the sub­ Few of his recipes survive since dies was evidence that his mother nappers is Hannibal, considered by was a Negress (32). It is hardly stance of world civilization. synthetic chemistry had come of many to be the finest general of the flattering to assign every illegiti­ The urgency to pad out l'\egro age in his lifetime and superior ancient world. Born into th e aris­ mate birth to a Negro, but in this history might force the inclusion products could be made out of trocracy of Carthage, Hannibal was case the trophy would warrant the of certain African kings into Black cheaper raw materials. The hum­ of Semitic origin tracing back to risk. However all speculation is in Studies curricula. Chaka, for in­ ble jars of peanut butter 01) super­ Phoenician colonists. Because Tu­ vain as both Hamilton's maternity stance, gets increasing attention market shelves are often attributed nisia is on the African coast, some and paternity are firmly established every year. A barbaric Zulu king, to Carver's fertile imagination, and writers find this justification for (33). But persistent rumors con­ he assembled a considerable em­ though they are not towering mon­ regarding all who were born there, tinue even without evidence (2, p. pire by ruthless total war on neigh­ uments to Negro science, and cec­ past or present, as Tegro. So Han­ 258). boring tribes. The white race has taIDly not to world civilization, they nibal's genius has been transplant­ The capture of eminent white an abundance of similar degenerate are more reaJ than most egro ed into a Negro body by retroactive contributions. men for the servile task of rejuve­ tyrants that are happily forgotten historical surgery. Perhaps the first nating Negro history is likely to egro Fictional History to try this was a Reconstructionist blossom into a new slave trade. Negro Congressman, Richard Har­ I nstead of fl esh, the traffic is in The shortage of authentic Negro "Their greatest king wasChaka vey Cain, from South Carolina, who Caucasian ghosts peeled from their cultural heroes bas created a de­ inserted th is information into the - a monster of ferocity and mand for racial counterfeits. Un­ crypts and squeezed into Negro sexuality ... a human beast, Congressional Record (25, p. (6). history books. This process is much scrupulous or ignorant writers paint He took the precaution of including of tremendous force, whose prominent Caucasians a shade of simpler in Africa where hardly any soul seemed possessed of the other members of the family in history is known. There the natives devils of war, rapine, slaughter, satisfying black or brown and foist the Negro race, and adde:l Euclid, these individuals onto their semi­ are shown pictures of ignorant and lust .... When Chaka's the father of geometry, for good mother died {poisoned by him, educated readers as outstanding Europeans' sitting at the feet of measure since the latter was also African scholars while learning the it was said I he elaborately con­ Negro geniuses. The utterly deva­ ducted a funeral in which seven born in Africa though not to 'egro alphabet, geometry, chemistry, and stating aspect of this sad practice parents. Cain can be excused for thousand mourners slew each is the fact that Black pride has to the rudiments of medicine (34). It other in their frenzy. In the his sweeping ignorance as he en­ is only necessary to forget that be built on the achievements of joyed only a year of college at the 'grave Chaka put ten young camouflaged whites. not all Africans are egroes. women and these were buried start of his career, though thlS was alive, along with the corpse It would be natural to assume more than most whites had at that Conclusion of the king's mother." that egroes have no cause for time, but other propagandists of There is little purpose in sum­ -the late Hon. Thomas E. complaint about their recognition more recent vintage and more com­ moning up the names of other e­ Watson, Populist leader in the musical arts. Jazz, Blues, plete knowledge have not hesitated gro "benefactors" of civilization. A of Georgia Rock , and other forms of composi- to make identical mistakes (31, p. list composed of individuals who

2. THE CITIZEN MARCH 1&70 27 edition by the same author: A Illustrated, vol. 4, p. 36, August by most school books. 'ero, Tor­ Before the subject is abolished, we Guide to African Hiatol1J, (Double­ 1969. quemada, and Cesare Borgia are ought to recall the one lesson it day & Co.. Zenith Books, Carden City, N. Y.• 1965). 21. Anon., "Newark Honors Crispus largely ignored, along with their has always taught: truth cannot Attucks ..." Jet. vol. 33, No. 23. fellow blood-hungry sadists, though be sacrificed. This means that any B. Page, J. D., An Introduction to the pp. 46-47, Mar. 14, 1966. their roles in history were appreci­ compromise with error is doom­ Histo", of We.. Africa, (Cambridge, Eng., 3n! Ed., 1964; paperbaclc). 22. McCarthy, Agnes. and Reddkk, ably greater than those of Bantu ed to fail. Science, Law, Re­ Lawrence. \Vorth Fighting For, savages. Few white high school ligion, and Education have already 9. Lewis. I. M .• "The Somali Conquest (Doubleway & Co., Zenith Books. pupils in America are acquainted been placed on the altar of ap­ of the Hom of Africa: Joumol of Carden City, N. Y.• 1965). African History, vol. I. p. 213, 1960. with the importance of Dante, peasement in the vain hope of 23. Peuy, John C., Letten from a Sur­ Copernicus, or , yet some­ achieving social and racial har­ 10. Ingham, Kenneth; A H isto", 01 Eo.st geon of the Civil \Var, (Little, Africa~ (Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Brown, & Co., Boston, 1906). how vast numbers of Italian, Polish, mony. The stresses in our society N. Y., 1962). and French immigrants have tole· have not diminished; rather they 24. Congreuional Clobe; Howe Pro­ rated these om missions without 11. Hanna, Alexander, J., Tile Slo'll of ceedings, 1st Se.raion~ 38th Congreu, have grown in strength. To add the Rhoden.. and Nyasaland, June 14. 1864; H.p. 2982; Coofl'OSS­ agonized indignation. ow their History to these earlier victims (Faher " Faber. London, 1960). man Mallory. children are asked to study the im­ will not help. The white race needs p.25. portance of Cbaka and the insig­ 25. Smith. Samuel D., The Negro in the inspiration of its history. To 12. Cayre, R., ''Zimbabwe,'' Mankind Con 8 reI' s, 1870-1901, (Kennikat Quorte.ty (Edinburgh. Scot.) vol. nificant merchants of Timbuktu as bargain away the glories of Cau­ Press, Inc., Port \Vashington, N. Y., 5, p. 3, Apr.-June 1965. shapers of world history; it is little casian achievement may bargain 1940; Reissued, University of North wonder that history has fallen into away the future of this old and 13. Crowder, Michael, A Slwrt History Carolina Press. 1966). disrepute with such perverted em­ of Nigeria, (Frederick A., Praegec, magnificent race. Inc., N. Y., 1962), p. 10'2. 26. Weems, John Edward. Peo"" The phasis. Explorer and the Man, ( Houghton 14. Weatherall, R.. -Malaria and the The anemic content of Black REFERE CES Mifllin Co., Boston, 1967), pp. 71- Opening-Up of Central Africa," Na­ 70 History has been briefly reviewed. I. Weisenfeld, Stephen L., "Siclde-Cel1 ture, vol. 208, p. 1267 (Dec. 25, This review is brief because the Trait in Human Biological and Cul­ 1965). 27. Freuchen, D. (Editor), Peter tural Evolution," Sciencs, voL 157, Freuchen'. Book of the Ev.imM, material is scanty. Yet university p. 1134, Sept. B, 1967. 15. Adams, RusseU.. L., Creat Negrou (Bramball House. New York, 1961), Past and Present, (Afro-Am Publ. departments hope to tum out spe­ 2. Bennett, Jr., L., Before the Moy­ p. 100. cialists in this subject. How grad­ Co., Chicago. 1963-1964; 4th Print­ flower, A History of the NeB'o in ing). 28. Sellars, Sic Thomas Holmes. ""11le uates who concentrated on Black Am e r; c a, 1619-1964, (Penguin Genesis of Heart Surgery," British Books, Inc., Baltimore, Md., 1966). 16. Lincoln, C. Eric, "'American Negroes: Medical Joumol (Feb. IB, 1967), Studies are supposed to take a The History Not Being Taught," 3. Clark, J. Desmond, "The Later p.385. respected place alongside scholars p. Pleistocene Culture of Africa," Sci­ ADL Bulletin, vol. 25. 4 (Janu­ ary 1968), excerpted from an AnJ.,.. 29. Diamond, Louis K., "History of in other disciplines is left unan­ ence, vol. 150, p. 833, Nov. 12, swered. It seems that the teaching 1965. sponsored book by the same author Blood Banking in the United States," entitled. The Negro Pilgrimage in Joumol of the Americon Mediall As­ of distorted egro history Is de­ 4. Oliver, R. and Fage, J. D .• A Short America, (Bantam Books). .oootion, vol. 193, p. 128, (July 5, signed to combat . How History of Africo. (Penguin Books, 1965). 17. Drotning. PItiIlip T., Black Heroes fables and fallacies are supposed Inc., Baltimore, Md4, 1962; Paper­ back). p. 38. in our Nation', History, (Cowles 30. Anon., "Schnlars Mourn Rogers to end one type of error without Book Co., N. Y.• 1969). Death," Jet, vol. 30. No.1, pp. 26- 5. Montagu, M. F. Ashley, An Intro­ 27. Apr. 14. 1966. creating another is also left un­ duction to Physicol Anthropology, lB. Columbus, C.. The Joumol of answered. (Chas. C. Thomas, Publ., Spring­ Christoph.. Columb... (Bramball 31. Dover. Cedric, Hall.c..... (~Iartin field, iU., 1945), p. 217-21B. House, Crown Publ.. N. Y.• 1960). Secker & Warourg, Ltd.. London, It has become fashionable to sup­ 1937), p. 21B. press uncomfortable truths. Race 6. Caesar. The Conquut of Caul, Annotated by L. A. Vigneras; Trans­ lated by Cecil Jane, pp. 120-121. 32. Du Bois, W. E. B .• Black FoI1- science has been driven to the cata­ ( Penguin Books. Ltd.. London/ Baltimore, S. A. Handfon! Transla­ 19. Irving. Washington, Lile and Voy­ Then and Now. (Henry Holt, N. Y., combs; constitutional precedents tion. 1951; reprinted 1953); see aj!U of Christopher Columbus, (A 1939). p. 194. no longer rule the courts; religion also, Piggott. Stuart. British Pre­ Library of Universal Literature; 33. See article on Hamilton. Alexander, has been replaced by a social gos­ histo",. (Oxfon! Univ. Press, Lon­ P. F. Collier & Son. . Y., 1900), Dictiona'll of American Biograph!! pel; schools indoctrinate rather than don, 19.55). pp. 414-15. or ERCfIclopedio Britannica. 7. Davidson, Basil; The Lost Cin.. 01 34. Anon .• "Surprisel" Newsweek, Oct. educate, and now it appears that Africa, (Little, Brown. & Co .• Bos­ 20. Boatner. Ill, M. M., "The Negro in history must become propaganda. tonrroronto, 1959). For a juvenile the Revolution," American History 31, 1960, p. 43.

MARCH lG70 2. 2. THE CITIZEN INTEGRATION & COMMUNISM Citizens Council Literature List Siock Singl. QUiillntlty Humber Title 6 Autho, Copy Price SPEECHES IG "Th. Ugly Truth About Th. HAACP"'---Cook ..••...... 's< 6/ 51 2. Pro-Commu ..is. Record of Robert C. Wu"...... 10, IS/51 Stock Single Qu"ntity 4. SI,"), Of Th. NAACP ...... • . . . . ••...... 10, lS/S1 Number Title u Author Copy Price SG NAACP Legilbti". Scorebo.lrd ...... 10, 15/ $1 4A b. of Judiei.1 Ty,""",- luH.nd ..•...... •• _ ..... _ 25, 6/ 51 7. II Th. Supreme Court P,o-GommunlstP-[uH.. nd ...... S0' 10/54 S. Segreg.tiu And The Soutlt-Ih.d,...... •...... 'S< 6/ 51 BG Integratio.. Is Communism 1ft .ctio_E.... nt: ••••• • •••• 2s< 6 / SI The $outh', Jlllt ~"M'-c.$key .. __ . . .. _ .... _ .. . 25, 6/51 OG No Substitute For Victory-W.lker ...... SI 10/S7.50 124.. Miuiuippi Still SIP Nenr!- Bunett ...... 25, 6/51 11. "Co",mu"'5h Pro,"ot. a.cial Tunnoil ..--Gr.ln' .•.•...... 6/51 's< 21. The 'Civil Righh' Crisls--Simmons ...... SO, 3/S1 12. Un·Ameriu .. R."olutio_Sim_ns, Ev .... 1 c,. Morphew 25< 6/SI 224 Supreme Court. Segregation'" Th. So"th-~.rtI.nd ...... 'S< 6/51 13. Red Go.lII Aftd Christi... Ideab--Hoo... er ...... 10, 15/SI 2'. UW Ind Order-Bell$on _ .. _ . _ ..•...... •...... _ . S0, 10 /~. 14. Pro-Communist Record Of M.lrtin lIIthe, Killg, Jr...... 10, 15/$1 100/ 525 16. The Coloss.a.1 Fr.. .ud ...... •.. 10, 15/$1 IBG Communi,," And The HAACP ...... •... SI ARTICLES 19G Communist Plot To T"h 0"., Missinippt-.hstt.nd . . . . . S0' 3/$1 20 The V.,dlml .. Idea ..• _ . __ .. _ ...... 'S< 6/$1 'OG Why RH. Say Mluiuippi Mllst Go--bstfaftd c,. Evans .. . S0' 3/$1 R.ce 'n AmericI- SimmoM ...... _ . _ .. . 10, IS/51 21. The AI.lb.ma Report ...... S0' 3/$1 40'0 Race And ReoUon D., In Mississippi- Putnam ...... 51 10/$7.50 60 Hybrid Rice Doctrin__ Hubbard ...... _ . 'S< 6/51 78 Ethnic: Group DiHerltnus- Porteus _ ..... _ ...... 25, BOOKS BO 10, R.eiat f .. m ...... _ ...... ••.. ~m, The Age Of frror-Michul ...... • ...... $3.50 00 The South c,. The Second Reconrtruction--G.arnff .. S0' 10/ S4 2J 108 SJ Th. Biology of 'he Race 'roblem-Georg. ' .....••••••.. $1.00 10/$7.$0 %ooI09i"1 Sublpecin Of M.lt--H.n ...... 'S< 6/ 51 6J Th. Hegro III Ameriu .. Civili ... tioft-Weyl ...... S6 118 0" The N.ture of P,ejudic~"lo, ...... 25, 6/51 128 7J Esse,... On s.grel.l.ioft--lnl'.Im •...... •• ..•• . .•... 51 .50 R.ce And Psycholol)'---Garntt ...... 25, 6/ 51 Cult Of Equ.llity- undry ...... 53.50 130 E",C'rgence Of R.ci.1 Genetics-G.th •...... 25, 6 / 51 OJ 140 12J aace, Heredity And Ci"m... tio....-Geo,...... S0' 10/$4 R.d.1 History Of Sundinni.- Lu.ndnun ....•...... 'S< 6/ 51 $4.g5 Some Neglected As~ts Of The 'Minorities' Proble_ 14J The Tri" That lost Its H.. d-Monse" .. ' ...... • . ... "8 lIIftdkrg .. "'" ...... •...... 6/$1 ISJ The Tr.llic fr_Bowers ...... ••.••••.. $2.85 16. S.P.S.S.I. And R.ci.1 DiHerencn--G.arrett ....•.. 'S< 16J Ho ... D.lr. cau It T,..IlO-Stonner ...... • .. 75, 3/$2 25, 6/$1 A Texa .. Looks At Lyndon-H .. ley ...... •...... • ...... 170 The Desegregation Cua- van den Ha.g ..... 25, 6/51 17J SI '1$2 IBO Inheril.nce Of Mental Ability- Burt . . •... S0' 10/ 54 IBJ Th. Hew Fa ...tic...-Ma_, .•...... • ...... SI An Inquiry Concerning Rui.ll 'reludice--Josey .. Sl 10/ 57.50 10J Th. Aft.1.tomy Of A CO ..tro .... ,.,. ..•...... $1050 '00 'OJ Sep.lrlltioft 0, Monlrelill.".ltion--8l1bo ...... SS 210 The Ameriun Melting Pot- R.. dJ:.inlki .. .. . S0' '/51 220 School Desegregation And Delinquency- A,nutrong ... . 25, 21J The Secret Wu FIJI Th. A-Iomb--EYaIlI .•••..••.•••.• $3.9$ 6/ 51 Whl,. T ••ch ... In A BI.ck School--K.nd.n ...... 12/510 230 Ethnic Groups In High Schaaf-Lundberg c,. Dickson .. . SI 10/ $7.50 2lJ 7s< 250 Fr.",ework for Love-Putn.lm ...... S0' 3/ SI 23J lIuk MofHiay-B,.dy ...... •...... SI 260 Breeding Down- Gufttt ...•...••... S0' 3/51 24J The G,.... Deceit- Roose.... lt &- Dobbs ...... $3.1$ "8 " R.. cial Vi_ of the Antebellu," South in 2SJ 0.,... OC:C:Up.aIlCY n. FOfCH Houli ..g-A ... lftS •••••..•..•• S6 Modern Penpeu;ve"_ Sc:arborough ls< '6J Ci,,11 Rights Myttu And Communist R.. litiH-fv .. ns ... . S0' 10/5-4 27J Th. South c,. Segreg.tio...... cannichael ...... S6 2IJ Tile Hegro F.mlly ...•.•...•...... SI 10/$5 RELIGION UJ Th. Testing Of Negro I .. teltigence--Sllu.y ...... $6.50 $1 10/57.50 Ie Christi.ln View On Segreg .. lion--Gillespie ...... •... 2S< 6/$1 '4J Th. Bond.lge Of Th. F~St~ ...... ,e Je .... sh View On ~reg.ltion ...... •.. 3SJ Th. w.nace 5tory- Jo.. es: . . • ..••.•..••••••••.• SS 2s< 6/51 • 6J The Battfe for Rhodesi_Reed (hud co.... ' 1 ..... • .. • . $3.9$ 4e Christi.nity And Segregltiolt--CrilWell ...... 10, IS/51 se Methodist DC!clar.ltion On Sltgrevatiolt--fv.. ns 37J Tile B.lttfe for Rhode$l __Reed (p.lperb.ck) ...... $2.25 10, 15/51 lBJ R"c:. .nd Rulity-Putn.Jm (h.l,d co... ert ...... 54.50 6e Why 'nteqralion Is Un·Christi.llt--lngr.am . 2S< 6 / 51 7e C.llholic RacC!-Milling In Hew Orlea ..s- RiCAu 'OJ Race .. Ild R.ality-Put.... ," (p.aperb.ck) ...... $1.50 25< 6/51 40J Race Probleml .Ind HUmJIn Progre.u-Geo'le ...... SO, 41J Race .nd Modern Selence-Kuttner ...... ••... $7.95 SCHOOLS 4lJ Child ... n, BJ.lck &- Whit~"rrett ...... •.. . . ,0, 4" George W.II.ce--S,non ...... ••..••.• OS. 10 Co.. grenio ... 1 Committee Report - Whit H.. ppened whell 44J Theodore Roosevelt on R.lce, Rloh. RHI, Schools were Inlegr.lted in Washi .. gton, DC ••••.••.... 2S< 6/$1 Crime--Archibald Roose.... lt . • ...... •. . ..• • . ••••.. $1.00 '0 Mixed Schools And Mixed Blood- Sus .•...... 25, 6/ 51 4SJ $1.00 60 How To St.lrt A Pri..... le School ...... •.... S0' 3 / St 46J ~~:kLa~~~~:en,..:....EY..-n·l · .nd Moo·... ·::::::::::::::::::: $5.95 70 The School Th.lt c..n't Be Mb:H ...... SO, 3/51 47J The Usurpen-E""nl ...•...... 51.00 BO How Classroom Desegregltion Will Wo,k-c:a.rrett S0' 3/$1 40J SoM Of Th. South-Ran' ...... $7.S0 00 Ho. C.. n We Eduute OUr Odldre .. ' ...... S0' 3 / 51 100 The HfW 'Guidelines' . . . . S0' 3/S1 110 CitiIe ..s Councils and 'ri.... te Eduution SS PERIODICALS 120 How To Otganin A 'ri".Ite School ...... •..... 3/ $1 S0' IK Th. Citisen ...... •... . •..••...... 54/yr The August. Courier ...... •..•.•...... •.. $4/y, LAW lDOK'K Bound Volume-The Citi ..M Council ' .._Ip.lper ) US 10lK Bound Volumes-The Citill ..ft (magasinel , Integr.ltion Amendment Is lIleg.ll-McGo...... 6/S1 ..S. t. bou .. d .Innu.llly, October through the following Blessingl Of Uberty n. Blight Of (qu.. lity--Pittm.ln . .. . 6/ 51 106K Septe.mber. begiftning with 1961..fi.2, e.lch ...... $6.50 6. Separ.lle School5 BM Fa, Both Rac.. - --Mille ...... 3/~1 107K Bound Volume--The Citi"n {m .. gui ..e ) October '1967:: ' 7. The Right Not To Usten ...... •... 6/S1 September 1968 ...... $5.00 ORGANIZATION MISCELLANEOUS 4F Wh.lt 15 The CitilleM Council DoingP ...... Free 100/$2 SF Why Should I Belong to The Citinnl Council ...... • . . Free 100/ 52 OL Citisens Council RO.ldside Signs ...... •.... SIS 2/525 6F Orga ..iution : The Key To Victory- Simmons ...... free 25/$1 10L "Hever" Button5 ...... •...... 10. 15/ $1 OF The Citiuns Council-p.. tt.non ...... • •. • . 10, 15/ S1 ilL Miui'lsippi fl.g Cn T.lgi ...... 51.25 OF Integrity- Hollbi ...... •...... 10, 15/ S1 12L "Support Your Citi1:ens Council" Bumper Sticken ..•.. SO. 12F White Mond .. y In Miuiuippt-.WaU.. ce •...... 51 10/$7.50 16L Confeder.lt. FI.lg Ca, T.lgs ...... ••.....•.... 51.25 13F The Truth Cries Ov~.Itterson ...... • .. • •..• . .•• 10, IS/51 24L Citiuns Council upe.1 Pin ...... •..• 55.00 14F Wh.t H.ppans to My Council 0"." ...... F,_ 100/ $2 25L Candid T.lp __LeRoi Jan" .. .•...... 55.00 ISF George W.lIl.ac:e St.tement of Support ...... 10, IS/51 1M R. ce 6 Re .. son DIT. In Miss. treco,dl-'utnam 6- lIameH SS 2/57.95 I6F He".r!- HoIli5 ... 10, 15/$1 'M Geneul They Cou d ..' t MUSllJe (,ecordl-W.lker . . . SS 2/S7.95 30 THE CITIZEN MARCH '970 31 CONFEDERATE FLAGS ,. Fl.,. Of Conl.d • • u,. EHlk Set ...... ,. 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