Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 143/Tuesday, July 26, 2011
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
U.S.: Legal War Rages Over 3-Foot-Long, Spitting Worm 16:35, January 30, 2008
U.S.: legal war rages over 3-foot-long, spitting worm 16:35, January 30, 2008 Described in 1897 by a taxonomist as "very abundant" a now rarely-found 3-foot-long worm that spits and smells like lilies is at the center of a legal dispute between conservationists and the U.S. government. When Frank Smith discovered the giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) in 1897, he described it as "very abundant." Nowadays, however, sightings of the worm are rare. The only recent confirmed worm sighting was made in 2005 by a University of Idaho researcher. Before that, the giant worm had not been spotted in 17 years, since 1988. It reportedly grows up to three feet long and has a peculiar flowery smell (Driloleirus is Latin for "lily-like worm"). The cream-colored or pinkish-white worm lived in permanent burrows as deep as 15 feet and spat at attackers. "This worm is the stuff that legends and fairy tales are made of. A pity we're losing it," said Steve Paulson, a board member of Friends of the Clearwater, a conservation group based in Moscow, Idaho. Unlike the European earthworms now common across the United States, the giant Palouse earthworm is native to the Americas. Specifically, the giant worm dwelled in the prairies of the Palouse, the area of the northwest United States. The Palouse has been dramatically altered by farming practices, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service noted. "The giant Palouse earthworm is extremely rare and faces substantial risk of extinction," said Noah Greenwald, a conservation biologist with the Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group based in Tucson, Ariz. -
10. Palouse Prairie Section
10. Palouse Prairie Section Section Description The Palouse Prairie Section, part of the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion, is located along the western border of northern Idaho, extending west into Washington (Fig. 10.1, Fig. 10.2). This section is characterized by dissected loess-covered basalt plains, undulating plateaus, and river breaks. Elevation ranges from 220 to 1,700 m (722 to 5,577 ft). Soils are generally deep, loamy to silty, and have formed in loess, alluvium, or glacial outwash. The lower reaches and confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers are major waterbodies. Climate is maritime influenced. Precipitation ranges from 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 in) annually, falling primarily during the fall, winter, and spring, and winter precipitation falls mostly as snow. Summers are relatively dry. Average annual temperature ranges from 7 to 12 ºC (45 to 54 ºF). The growing season varies with elevation and lasts 100 to 170 days. Population centers within the Idaho portion of the section are Lewiston and Moscow, and small agricultural communities are dispersed throughout. Outdoor recreational opportunities include hunting, angling, hiking, biking, and wildlife viewing. The largest Idaho Palouse Prairie grassland remnant on Gormsen Butte, south of Department of Fish and Moscow, Idaho with cropland surrounding © 2008 Janice Hill Game (IDFG) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Idaho, Craig Mountain WMA, is partially located within this section. The deep and highly-productive soils of the Palouse Prairie have made dryland farming the primary land use in this section. Approximately 44% of the land is used for agriculture with most farming operations occurring on private land. -
Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth
This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp 2009 Project Abstract For the Period Ending December 30, 2012 PROJECT TITLE: Prevention and Early Detection of Asian Earthworms and Reducing the Spread of European Earthworms PROJECT MANAGER: Cindy Hale AFFILIATION: Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth MAILING ADDRESS: 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy CITY/STATE/ZIP: Duluth MN 55811 PHONE: 218/720-4364 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: [If applicable] FUNDING SOURCE: Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund LEGAL CITATION: http://www.nrri.umn.edu/staff/chale.asp APPROPRIATION AMOUNT: $150,000 Overall Project Outcome and Results We used a multi-pronged approach to quantify of the relative importance of different vectors of spread for invasive earthworms, make management and regulatory recommendations and create mechanisms for public engagement and dissemination of our project results through the Great Lakes Worm Watch website and diverse stakeholders. Internet sales of earthworms and earthworm related products posed large risks for the introduction of new earthworm species and continued spread of those already in the state. Of 38 earthworm products sampled, 87% were either contaminated with other earthworm species or provided inaccurate identification. Assessment of soil transported via ATV’s and logging equipment demonstrated that this is also a high risk vector for spread of earthworms across the landscape, suggesting that equipment hygiene, land management activities and policies should address this risk. Preliminary recommendations for organizations with regulatory oversight for invasive earthworms (i.e. -
Size Variation and Geographical Distribution of the Luminous Earthworm Pontodrilus Litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 862: 23–43 (2019) Size variation and distribution of Pontodrilus litoralis 23 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan Teerapong Seesamut1,2,4, Parin Jirapatrasilp2, Ratmanee Chanabun3, Yuichi Oba4, Somsak Panha2 1 Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Ani- mal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand 4 Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan Corresponding authors: Somsak Panha ([email protected]), Yuichi Oba ([email protected]) Academic editor: Samuel James | Received 24 April 2019 | Accepted 13 June 2019 | Published 9 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/663444CA-70E2-4533-895A-BF0698461CDF Citation: Seesamut T, Jirapatrasilp P, Chanabun R, Oba Y, Panha S (2019) Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan. ZooKeys 862: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 Abstract The luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of P. -
Composting Worms for Hawaii
Home Garden Aug. 2005 HG-46 Composting Worms for Hawaii Piper Selden,1 Michael DuPonte,2 Brent Sipes,3 and Kelly Dinges2 1Hawaii Rainbow Worms, 2, 3CTAHR Departments of 2Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences and 3Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences Perionyx excavatus cocoon contains several fertilized eggs, which hatch in 2–3 weeks under suitable conditions. Reproductive rates Blue worm, India blue worm, Malaysian blue vary according to the temperature and environmental worm, traveling worm conditions, which in vermiculture depend on the maintenance of the composting system. Under favorable Origin conditions, blue worms may each produce about 20 offspring per week, which in turn will take 3–5 weeks Perionyx excavatus (Perrier 1872) is found over large to reach sexual maturity. areas of tropical Asia, including India, Malaysia, the Phillippines, and Australia. It is also found in parts of Uses South America, in Puerto Rico, and in some areas of Blue worm is an excellent composting worm and a the United States (south of the Mason Dixon line and prolific breeder given proper nutrient sources and in the Gulf Coast region). Naturalized populations of P. maintenance of its environment, particularly in tropical excavatus have been identified in Hawaii; how long it and subtropical locations. has been here is not known. Description 1 3 Perionyx excavatus is a small earthworm 1 ⁄4–2 ⁄4 inches long. Its front part is deep purple and its hind part is dark red or brown. It has an iridescent, blue-violet sheen on its skin that is visible in bright light. These worms are highly active and twitch when disturbed. -
Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The
195 PHYLOGENETICAND PHENETICSYSTEMATICS OF THE OPISTHOP0ROUSOLIGOCHAETA (ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA) B.G.M. Janieson Departnent of Zoology University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia 4067 Received September20, L977 ABSTMCT: The nethods of Hennig for deducing phylogeny have been adapted for computer and a phylogran has been constructed together with a stereo- phylogran utilizing principle coordinates, for alL farnilies of opisthopor- ous oligochaetes, that is, the Oligochaeta with the exception of the Lunbriculida and Tubificina. A phenogran based on the sane attributes conpares unfavourably with the phyLogralnsin establishing an acceptable classification., Hennigrs principle that sister-groups be given equal rank has not been followed for every group to avoid elevation of the more plesionorph, basal cLades to inacceptabl.y high ranks, the 0ligochaeta being retained as a Subclass of the class Clitellata. Three orders are recognized: the LumbricuLida and Tubificida, which were not conputed and the affinities of which require further investigation, and the Haplotaxida, computed. The Order Haplotaxida corresponds preciseLy with the Suborder Opisthopora of Michaelsen or the Sectio Diplotesticulata of Yanaguchi. Four suborders of the Haplotaxida are recognized, the Haplotaxina, Alluroidina, Monil.igastrina and Lunbricina. The Haplotaxina and Monili- gastrina retain each a single superfanily and fanily. The Alluroidina contains the superfamiJ.y All"uroidoidea with the fanilies Alluroididae and Syngenodrilidae. The Lurnbricina consists of five superfaniLies. -
The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus Americanus)
PETITION TO LIST The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) AS A THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT June 30, 2009 Friends of the Clearwater Center for Biological Diversity Palouse Audubon Palouse Prairie Foundation Palouse Group of the Sierra Club 1 June 30, 2009 Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior Robyn Thorson, Regional Director U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1849 C Street N.W. Pacific Region Washington, DC 20240 911 NE 11th Ave Portland, Oregon Dear Secretary Salazar, Friends of the Clearwater, Center for Biological Diversity, Palouse Prairie Foundation, Palouse Audubon, Palouse Group of the Sierra Club and Steve Paulson formally petition to list the Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) as a threatened or endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (”ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14 (1990), which grant interested parties the right to petition for issuance of a rule from the Secretary of Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated for the Giant Palouse Earthworm concurrent with the listing, pursuant to 50 CFR 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553). The Giant Palouse Earthworm (D. americanus) is found only in the Columbia River Drainages of eastern Washington and Northern Idaho. Only four positive collections of this species have been made within the last 110 years, despite the fact that the earthworm was historically considered “very abundant” (Smith 1897). The four collections include one between Moscow, Idaho and Pullman, Washington, one near Moscow Mountain, Idaho, one at a prairie remnant called Smoot Hill and a fourth specimen near Ellensberg, Washington (Fender and McKey- Fender, 1990, James 2000, Sánchez de León and Johnson-Maynard, 2008). -
Checklist of New Zealand Earthworms Updated from Lee (1959) by R.J
Checklist of New Zealand Earthworms updated from Lee (1959) by R.J. Blakemore August, 2006 COE fellow, Soil Ecology Group, Yokohama National Univeristy, Japan. Summary This review is based on Blakemore (2004) that updated the work completed over 40 years earlier by Lee (1959) as modified by Blakemore in Lee et al. , (2000) and in Glasby et al. (2007/8) based on the information presented at the "Species 2000" meeting held Jan. 2000 at Te Papa Museum in Wellington, New Zealand. In the current checklist Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae and Megascolecidae sensu Blakemore (2000b) are all given separate family status. Whereas Lee (1959) listed approximately 193 species, the current list has about 199 taxa. Because many of the natives have few reports, or are based on only a few specimens, approximately 77 are listed as "threatened" or "endangered" in Dept. Conservation threatened species list (see www.doc.govt.nz/Conservation/001~Plants-and-Animals/006~Threatened-species/Terrestrial-invertebrate-(part-one).asp April, 2005) and three species are detailed in McGuinness (2001). Further studies such as those of Springett & Grey (1998) are required. Currently I seek funding to complete my database into an interactive guide to species, to use to conduct surveys in New Zealand. Some of the changes in Blakemore (2004) from Lee (1959) are: • Microscolex macquariensis (Beddard, 1896) is removed from the list because it is known only from Macquarie Island, which is now claimed as Australian territory (see Blakemore, 2000b). • Megascolides orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861) is removed from the fauna as Fletcher (1886: 524) reported that “on the authority of Captain Hutton” this species was not from New Zealand and may be from Mt Wellington in Tasmania (see Blakemore, 2000b). -
Transcription of Comments
U.S. 95 Thorncreek Road to Moscow Project U.S. 95 Thorncreek Road to Moscow Comments Feb. 2006 – July 2007 Comment #1 Can you provide, for each alternative alignment: Number of miles of US95 that would be turned over to Latah County Number of miles that would be 5-lane non-divided o transcript of DVD voiceover (she must have been reading it from a text document) Thanks. Comment #2 I strongly urge you to abandon grandiose and expensive plans to relocate parts of the highway south of Moscow. Instead I favor the less expensive option of improving the existing highway by adding passing lanes and turn lanes where appropriate. Please consider this option. Thank you for your consideration. Comment #3 I am not in favor of plans to extend Highway 95 using the W-4 route. Thank you for noting this in your research of community desires. Comment #4 I'm a Moscow resident whose property borders the University of Idaho Arboretum. In recent months, our neighborhood has been involved in negotiations with the City of Moscow to avoid disrupting the beauty and tranquillity of the Arboretum by a Parks and Recreation Department proposal to build a seven-field ballpark across from the Arboretum on Palouse Drive. Those negotiations, involving a large parking lot, concession stand, water use, night lights, and a sound system, are ongoing. Regarding the proposed ballfields, the University administration has also voiced a desire to minimize the impact on the Arboretum. Adjacent neighborhoods have been united in seeking to protect the Arboretum as a one-of-a-kind asset to our community. -
1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
The lUCN Species Survival Commission 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre PADU - MGs COPY DO NOT REMOVE lUCN The World Conservation Union lo-^2^ 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lUCN WORLD CONSERVATION Tile World Conservation Union species susvival commission monitoring centre WWF i Suftanate of Oman 1NYZ5 TTieWlLDUFE CONSERVATION SOCIET'' PEOPLE'S TRISr BirdLife 9h: KX ENIUNGMEDSPEaES INTERNATIONAL fdreningen Chicago Zoulog k.J SnuicTy lUCN - The World Conservation Union lUCN - The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique world partnership: some 770 members in all, spread across 123 countries. - As a union, I UCN exists to serve its members to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts, strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals. Through its six Commissions, lUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups. A central secretariat coordinates the lUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources, as well as providing a range of services. The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies, and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises. Operations are increasingly decentralised and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices, located principally in developing countries. I UCN - The World Conservation Union seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting Improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world. -
What's Wrong with Worms?
WHAT’S WRONG WITH WORMS? Clay Antieau MS PhC Botanist, Horticulturist Environmental Educator Seventh Western Native Plants Conference, December 2016 EARTHWORM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Horn, Schramm, and Drake 2003) • Live 4 to 15+ years • Eats their weight in soil/organic matter daily • Food is processed in intestine (alimentary canal) Muscular mixing with enzymes and microbes in gut (anoxic) to release amino acids, sugars, organic molecules, nitrogen…. Molecules absorbed through intestinal membranes • Waste Product: CASTINGS BENEFITS OF EARTHWORMS (OM/soil digestion and bioturbation) • Improve soil physical structure better drainage/infiltration and aeration reduced stormwater run-off improved root penetration • Decompose, Mineralize OM Concentrate carbon and nutrients Enhanced soil fertility and tilth for plant growth, seed germination, crop yield. NUTRIENT VALUE OF CASTINGS • Nitrogen 1.80–2.05% • Phosphorus 1.32–1.93% • Potassium 1.28–1.50% • Calcium 3.0–4.5% • Magnesium 0.4–0.7% • Iron 0.3–0.7% • Manganese traces–0.40% • Zinc 0.028–0.036% • Organic Carbon 20-30% • pH 6.0–7.0 Darwin Earthworms! “The plow is one of the most ancient and most valuable of Man’s inventions; but long before he existed, the land … was regularly ploughed, and still continues to be ploughed, by earthworms. It may be (doubtful) whether there are many other animals which have played so important a part in the history of the world as these lowly, organized creatures.” - Charles Darwin (Earthworms 1881) …his last book, published just six months before he died. Different earthworms… Different functions…. Compost Dwellers (Epigeic) Live in high organic matter environments Eisenia fetida (red wriggler; tiger worm) Soil Surface Dwellers (Epigeic) Feed on decaying roots, shoots, leaves, and dung and live on or near soil surface (0-15 cm depth) Lumbricus rubellus (European earthworm; red wriggler) Topsoil Dwellers (Endogeic) Live in the top 20-30 cm of soil. -
Oregon Giant Earthworm Scientific Name: Driloleirus Macelfreshi
SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name : Oregon Giant Earthworm Scientific Name : Driloleirus macelfreshi (Smith 1937) (formerly Megascolides macelfreshi ) Phylum: Annelida Class: Oligochaeta Order: Haplotaxida Family: Megascolecidae Conservation Status Global Status (1989): G1 – critically imperiled National Status (2006): N1 – critically imperiled State Status (Oregon): S1 – critically imperiled IUCN Red List Category: VU - Vulnerable BLM Status: Bureau Sensitive Species (NatureServe 2009) Technical Description : Adult: The Oregon giant earthworm is one of the largest North American earthworms (Wells et al. 1983). It is distinguished by its characteristic large size (up to 1.32 m in length and between .5 and 1 cm in diameter), pale whitish color, and distinctive, floral (lily-like) odor (Fender 2009, pers. comm. ). The clitellum of this species (a swelling of the body towards the head of the worm where the gonads are located) extends from segments 13 to about 22, and there are numerous nephridia (networks of tubules that have an excretory function) on each body segment (Wells et al. 1983). Since immature specimens of this species are not as large, and since there are other large, white, fragrant earthworms in the Willamette Valley which could be mistaken for this taxon, specimen collection and expert identification based on internal anatomy is essential for this species. Fresh (refridgerated) specimens are best for identification (Fender 2009, pers. comm. ). William Fender is the foremost authority on the Oregon giant earthworm, and should be consulted regarding any collected or reported specimens. The use of genetic work for identification of this species is a future possibility (Rosenberg 2009, pers. comm ). There are currently no keys to megascolecid worms in this region (Applegarth 1995), although a complete, technical description can be found in Smith (1937).