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Vibrio Vulnificus Monitoring in Recreational Waters Final Report

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Vibrio Vulnificus Monitoring in Recreational Waters Final Report Vibrio vulnificus Monitoring in Recreational Waters Final Report Publication CBBEP – 54 Project Number – 0624 March 2008 Principal Investigators Joanna Mott, Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Gabriel Ramirez, and Gregory Buck, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Biology and Biomedical Sciences Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 Submitted to: Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program 1305 N. Shoreline Blvd., Suite 205 Corpus Christi, TX 78401 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of CBBEP or other organizations that may have provided funding for this project. Vibrio vulnificus Monitoring in Recreational Waters Final Report Report prepared by: Joanna Mott, Ph.D. Professor of Biology, Gabriel Ramirez, and Gregory Buck, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Biology and Biomedical Sciences Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 CBBEP Project Manager: Jim Bowman Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program, Inc. 1305 N. Shoreline, Suite 205 Corpus Christi, Texas 78401 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .....................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 3 Induction of Viable but Non-Culturable State................................................................. 7 Culture Media .......................................................................................................................... 8 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 9 METHODS................................................................................................................................... 10 Sites......................................................................................................................................... 10 Field Collection..................................................................................................................... 18 Laboratory Analysis ............................................................................................................ 19 Statistical Analysis .............................................................................................................. 20 RESULTS.................................................................................................................................... 21 Water Quality Parameters.................................................................................................. 21 Microbiological Analysis.................................................................................................... 29 Statistical Analysis .............................................................................................................. 42 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................... 51 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................. 53 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................ 54 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. 59 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of sample site in upper Laguna Madre on Bird Island Basin at PINS. Google Earth 2006………………………………………………………………...12 Figure 2: Location of sample site in Nueces Bay at North end of US Highway 181. Google Earth 2006………………………………………………………………...13 Figure 3: Location of sample site in Corpus Christi Bay at south end of Cole Park. Google Earth 2006…......................................................................................14 Figure 4: Location of sample site in Redfish Bay at the Morris and Cummings Cut. Google Earth 2006.........................................................................................15 Figure 5: Location of sample site at Copano Bay Causeway at SH35. Google Earth 2006…………………………………………………………………………………16 Figure 6: Location of sample site in Copano Bay off FM136 near Bayside. Google Earth 2006......................................................................................................17 Figure 7: Enterococcus sp. means at sites in south Texas coastal waters from August 2006 through July 2007..................................................................................32 Figure 8: Numbers of V. vulnificus at Bird Island, Nueces Bay and Cole Park sites from August 2006 to July 2007…………………………………………………………34 Figure 9: Numbers of V. vulnificus at Redfish Bay, Copano Bay and Bayside sites from August 2006 to July 2007…………………………………………………………34 Figure 10: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Bird Island from August 2006 through July 2007.............................................................................................................37 Figure 11: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Nueces Bay from August 2006 through July 2007.............................................................................................................38 Figure 12: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Cole Park from August 2006 through July 2007..............39 Figure 13: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Redfish Bay from August 2006 through July 2007..............40 iii Figure 14: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Copano Bay Causeway from August 2006 through July 2007……………………………………………………………………………….41 Figure 15: Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values versus numbers of V. vulnificus at Copano Bay near Bayside from August 2006 through July 2007.............................................................................................................42 Figure 16: Numbers of V. vulnificus vs. enterococci at Bird Island, Nueces Bay and Cole Park sites from August 2006 to July 2007………………………………43 Figure 17: Numbers of V. vulnificus vs. enterococci at Redfish Bay, Copano Bay and Bayside sites from August 2006 to July 2007………………………………...43 Figure 18: Water temperature versus V. vulnificus at sites in south Texas coastal waters from August 2006 through July 2007...............................................48 Figure 19: Salinity versus V. vulnificus at sites in south Texas coastal waters from August 2006 through July 2007...................................................................49 Figure 20: Dissolved oxygen versus V. vulnificus at sites in south Texas coastal waters from August 2006 through July 2007...........................................................50 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Reported V. vulnificus infections in Texas for the years 2000-2006 by type of exposure (Texas Department of State Health Services, 2008 customized report)………………………………………………………………………………...4 Table 2: Texas Coastal Bend study sites and their coordinates …………........ ………10 Table 3: Historical physical water quality parameter ranges from Bird Island, Nueces Bay, Cole Park, Redfish Bay, Copano Bay, and Bayside for 1969 – 2006 (TCEQ, 2007 http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/compliance/monitoring/crp/data/samplequery.html) ........................................................................................................................11 Table 4: Physical water quality parameters from Bird Island, Nueces Bay, and Cole Park for August 2006 through July 2007........................................................22 Table 5: Physical water quality parameters from Redfish Bay, Copano Bay, and Bayside for August 2006 through July 2007...................................................23 Table 6: Physical water quality parameter statistics from sites in south Texas coastal waters for August 2006 through July 2007.....................................................24 Table 7: Physical water quality parameter ranges from sites in south Texas coastal waters for August 2006 through July 2007.....................................................25 Table 8: Rainfall: one day and one week prior to sampling at Bird Island, Nueces Bay, and Cole Park for August 2006 through July 2007.........................................27 Table 9: Rainfall: one day and one week prior to sampling at Redfish Bay, Copano Bay, and Bayside for August 2006 through July 2007...................................28 Table 10: Numbers of V. vulnificus and Enterococcus sp. at Bird Island, Nueces Bay, and Cole Park for August 2006 through July 2007 (CFU/100mL; average of two samples)…………………………………………………………………….30 Table 11: Numbers of V. vulnificus and Enterococcus sp. at Redfish Bay, Copano Bay, and Bayside for August 2006 through July 2007
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