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An Analysis of the Circumstances and Factors That Have Influenced the Development of Animation Industry in Iran in the 1960-2002 Periods Naser Golmohammadi
Environment Conservation Journal 16 (SE ) 61-77, 2015 ISSN 0972-3099 (Print) 2278-5124 (Online) Abstracted and Indexed An analysis of the circumstances and factors that have influenced the development of Animation Industry in Iran in the 1960-2002 periods Naser Golmohammadi Received:25.05.2015 Revised:26.06.2015 Accepted:28.08.2015 Abstract In the early part of 20th century animation emerged as a revolutionary way of making art. It evolved into a powerful means of expression and creativity of artists who could merge all art genres into one art form. The subsequent developments of animation have opened its diverse uses in entertainment business, education and political propaganda. This article attempts to examine the factors that have influenced and shaped the development of animation industry in Iran. It takes a historical view and investigates the impacts of changing socio-economic and political forces that have determined the functions of animation in the Iranian society. The study traces the establishment of the industry to the government-run centres, describing the pioneering role of artists who gave rise to the ‘golden age’ of animation in the pre-revolutionary Iran. Especial attention is throughout paid to the long and rich cultural and artistic heritages, as the thematic basis for indigenously produced animated films in Iran. The growth of the industry is considered in conjuncture with the expansion of feature films cinema and expansion of television networks. The latter is particularly important for the fact that it provides a secured market for a sizeable audience of children and young people in Iran. -
Applying Arabic Kashida to Latin Letters in Display Typography
Applying Arabic Kashida to Latin Letters in Display Typography Antoine Abi Aad Ph.D., Lecturer - Coordinator, Advertising and Graphic Design, Académie Libanaise des Beaux- Arts, UOB, Lebanon [email protected] Abstract－Arabic, like Hebrew, is a script that was Syriac scripts were developed from Aramaic. Figure extensively used visually because of religious 2 represents one sentence written in Syriac and in 5 purposes. In Islam, as in Judaism, the visual Arabic . The similarities between the two scripts are representation of saints, prophets and holy people is evident. not allowed. However, the desire and the passion to create images were stronger than the fear of blasphemy. Figure 1 has three word-pictures: the first is a Masoretic illustrated text written in Hebrew1 and the other two are animals drawn with Arabic letters: the bird is written in Turkish2 while the tiger is Figure 2. Syriac and Arabic letters written in Persian3. The Kashida replaces the letter space used with Latin letters. Furthermore, it improves the appearance of justified text by visually lengthening words rather than increasing the blank between the letters. Interestingly, the Kashida can be stretched unevenly in one word, serving aesthetics needs. Figure 1. Words as image Today, people using Arabic letters are linked to many centuries of visual words, a heritage that can be transformed into display typography. It is pointless to keep reminiscing on the splendors of great eras. Artists and designers should rather look inward yet forward and produce new visuals. This paper explores display typography through the kashida, the soul of Arabic writing. Applied to Latin letters, the Figure 3. -
Causes of the Rise and Flourishing of Civilizations
www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 5 May 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 Causes of the rise and flourishing of civilizations Habibullah hazem Abstract A cursory glance at human history makes it very clear that civilizations are born as human beings, reach maturity and growth, and collapse and die due to more internal causes. The death of civilizations is something that history has talked about a lot and it is called forgotten civilizations. In the science of history and more in the philosophy of history, the issue of how the causes and factors of the emergence, flourishing and destruction of civilizations are mentioned and history analysts study these causes and factors. According to them, the mentioned causes and factors are natural and in the field of events related to natural and human laws. But in intra-religious analysis, looking at causes and factors is done from another angle; The Qur'an, with the aim of guiding human beings, looks at events from an educational point of view. On this basis, each of the events is closely related to the issues of punishment and encouragement of human beings and finds meaning and meaning with monotheism and its belongings. Although it is necessary to look at the events and their causes from the perspective of philosophy of history and natural traditions and laws, but these traditions are closely related to human actions and behavior. In a comprehensive analysis, although earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters are related to natural laws, but human actions are effective in its creation and emergence, and these actions can have a positive and negative impact on natural laws and nature. -
The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques
The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques A dissertation submitted to Birmingham City University in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art and Design By: Ahmad Saleh A. Almontasheri Director of the study: Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi 2017 1 Dedication My great mother, your constant wishes and prayers were accepted. Sadly, you will not hear of this success. Happily, you are always in the scene; in the depth of my heart. May Allah have mercy on your soul. Your faithful son: Ahmad 2 Acknowledgments I especially would like to express my appreciation of my supervisors, the director of this study, Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi, and the second supervisor Dr. Mohsen Keiany. As mentors, you have been invaluable to me. I would like to extend my gratitude to you all for encouraging me to conduct this research and give your valuable time, recommendations and support. The advice you have given me, both in my research and personal life, has been priceless. I am also thankful to the external and internal examiners for their acceptance and for their feedback, which made my defence a truly enjoyable moment, and also for their comments and suggestions. Prayers and wishes would go to the soul of my great mother, Fatimah Almontasheri, and my brother, Abdul Rahman, who were the first supporters from the outset of my study. May Allah have mercy on them. I would like to extend my thanks to my teachers Saad Saleh Almontasheri and Sulaiman Yahya Alhifdhi who supported me financially and emotionally during the research. -
Richard Ishida 2
Richard Ishida 2 The Internaonalizaon Working Group at the W3C is involved in reviewing specificaons for internaonalizaon issues – specificaons from inside and outside W3C. It also creates resources for content authors, specificaon developers and others related to internaonalizaon features of the Open Web Plaorm, including educaonal ar0cles, tests, etc. This presentaon will focus on one addi0onal area that has been gathering pace recently – the development of documents that describe text layout requirements for a given language or script. We will start by giving a brief outline of a couple of issues that illustrate the need for these documents. 3 The CSS3 Text module (hNp://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/) will specify how to apply internaonal typographic effects to web pages. One example is text jus0ficaon, which produces straight lines down both the leU and right margins. Richard Ishida 4 Let's suppose that we want to jus0fy this Arabic text, so that there are straight lines at both leU and right margins. Generally speaking, received wisdom says that Arabic does this by stretching the baseline inside words, rather than stretching the inter-word spacing (as would be the case in English text). Richard Ishida 5 To make it simple, lets just focus on these two lines. Richard Ishida 6 One way you may hear that this can be done is by using a special baseline extension character in Unicode, U+0640 ARABIC TATWEEL. The slide shows some Arabic text from a newspaper where we have jus0fied the first two lines using tatweels in exactly the same way it was done in the newspaper. -
A Contribution to the Study of the Persian Concept of Âberu 113
A Contribution to the Study of the Persian Concept of Âberu 113 Magdalena Zaborowska* PL ISSN 02398818 HEMISPHERES Vo l. 29, No. 1, 2014 A Contribution to the Study of the Persian Concept of Âberu Abstract The concept of âberu is one of those key concepts in Iranian culture which are very hard to define. In this paper the author attempts to explain its philosophical meaning, both by philological analysis based on dictionary sources and by placing it within the context of Iranian, pre-Islamic and Islamic culture. Emphasizing the bond between the idea of water and the concept of âberu, as well as defining it as veil woven from values and principles that protects humans; thus enables an understanding of its significant status among Iranians in contemporary culture. Because loss of âberu or its destruction is commonly understood in the terms of a threat to life, many actions undertaken by Iranians are motivated by the desire to preserve it. Since various methodological approaches can be applied to the study of the concept of âberu, this article should be viewed only as an small contribution to reviling its complexity. There is no doubt that understanding another culture requires familiarizing oneself with its fundamental concepts. While representatives of a particular culture often refer to such concepts and ideas in an attempt to facilitate intuition for others they usually remain unintelligible and unclear. Grasping their meaning is a difficult task as most of them are culturally rooted and refer to cultural experience. Decoding these ideas may however help in understanding how people think, with reference to their value systems and beliefs. -
New Features in Mpdf V6.0
NewNew FeaturesFeatures inin mPDFmPDF v6.0v6.0 Advanced Typography Many TrueType fonts contain OpenType Layout (OTL) tables. These Advanced Typographic tables contain additional information that extend the capabilities of the fonts to support high-quality international typography: ● OTL fonts support ligatures, positional forms, alternates, and other substitutions. ● OTL fonts include information to support features for two-dimensional positioning and glyph attachment. ● OTL fonts contain explicit script and language information, so a text-processing application can adjust its behavior accordingly. mPDF 6 introduces the power and flexibility of the OpenType Layout font model into PDF. mPDF 6 supports GSUB, GPOS and GDEF tables for now. mPDF 6 does not support BASE and JSTF at present. Other mPDF 6 features to enhance complex scripts: ● improved Bidirectional (Bidi) algorithm for right-to-left (RTL) text ● support for Kashida for justification of arabic scripts ● partial support for CSS3 optional font features e.g. font-feature-settings, font-variant ● improved "autofont" capability to select fonts automatically for any script ● support for CSS :lang selector ● dictionary-based line-breaking for Lao, Thai and Khmer (U+200B is also supported) ● separate algorithm for Tibetan line-breaking Note: There are other smart-font technologies around to deal with complex scripts, namely Graphite fonts (SIL International) and Apple Advanced Typography (AAT by Apple/Mac). mPDF 6 does not support these. What can OTL Fonts do? Support for OTL fonts allows the faithful display of almost all complex scripts: (ܐSyriac ( ,(שלום) Hebrew ,(اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻢ) Arabic ● ● Indic - Bengali (ামািলকুম), Devanagari (नमते), Gujarati (નમતે), Punjabi (ਸਿਤ ਸੀ ਅਕਾਲ), Kannada ( ), Malayalam (നമെ), Oriya (ନମସ୍କର), Tamil (வணக்கம்), Telugu ( ) ನಮ ជបសួរំ నమరం ● Sinhala (ආයුෙඛා්වන්), Thai (สวัสดี), Lao (ສະບາຍດີ), Khmer ( ), Myanmar (မဂလပၝ), Tibetan (བ་ས་བ་གས།) Joining and Reordering র + ◌্ + খ + ◌্ + ম + ◌্ + ক + ◌্ + ষ + ◌্ + র + ি◌ + ◌ু = িু cf. -
Iranian Book Publishers and Associations, Literary Agencies In
Shahre Ghalam Books From Iran Rights Guide 2018-2019 Shahre Ghalam Page 1 of 46 Leo and Dotty Written by: Ali Asghar Seidabadi Illustrated by: Elahe Behin Publisher: Shahre Ghalam Category: Children / Young Adults Publish Date: 2018 10 Pages Dimension: 31x24 ISBN: 978-600-320-395-2 Book About: Getting familiar with nature changes and season differences are among children's basic education needs. In these books, children get to know different seasons and nature changes through simple stories with gorgeous illustrations. Young readers also become acquainted with Iran’s animals in danger of extinction, keeping their appearances in their minds. Author About: Ali Asghar Seidabadi, an Iranian writer, promoter and researcher on children and young adult’s literature, was born in 1971. Siedabadi was one of the founders of the Iranian Association of Writers for Children and Young Adults, and in 1999, was elected as one of the members for its board of directors in the first round of its elections along other well-known writers of the board. Seidabadi, who had an acdamaic background in journalism and was somehow cooperting with some newspapers. 2017 Nominated at the Chinese Little Hakka International Picture Book Competition – for Bijan and Manije 2013 Recorded in the International Calendar of Poetry in English and German 2010 Nominated among of the best fifteen children books by the German Klingspor-Museum in Offenbach – for the book Demons Are Afraid of Humans in the Daytime. 1999 Recorded in Munich’s International Youth Library catalogue of ‘The White Ravens’ – for The Sweet Rich Stories Publisher Name:Shahre Ghalam Address:No. -
Digital Quran Computing: Review, Classification, and Trend Analysis
Arab J Sci Eng DOI 10.1007/s13369-017-2415-4 REVIEW ARTICLE - COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Digital Quran Computing: Review, Classification, and Trend Analysis Mohammed Zakariah1 · Muhammad Khurram Khan2 · Omar Tayan3,4 · Khaled Salah5 Received: 18 July 2016 / Accepted: 9 January 2017 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2017 Abstract The proliferation of online digital multimedia categorization based on the topical trends from recent con- content has enabled the rapid digitization of printed ferences and symposia related to DQC. Second, a review is manuscripts, resulting in faster and more effective dissem- given for papers under each theme with a discussion of their ination of digital publications. This scenario is also found key features, limitations, and research directions. Finally, a in the context of digital Quran content, which has recently number of research hot spots that identify open challenges gained significant traction from the research and scientific and primary areas in DQC for future work are outlined. communities with related discussions and studies covering a range of IT subject domains under the generic topic of Digital Keywords Holy Quran · Digital Quran Computing · Quran Computing (DQC). In the past few years, a number of Multimedia · Arabic digitization · Mobile applications · international conferences and symposia have been dedicated WorldWideWeb to the concept of DQC. This paper surveys and reports on the developmental trends and research hotspots in DQC, provid- ing up-to-date theme categories and an analysis of published 1 Introduction articles in the literature. First, the study provides a theme The Holy Quran is the book of divine guidance and direc- B Khaled Salah tion for humanity. -
The Effect of Tolerance on Balancing Social Relations in Terms of Molana’S Point of View in Masnawi
Journal of History Culture and Art Research (ISSN: 2147-0626) Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol. 6, No. 3, June 2017 Revue des Recherches en Histoire Culture et Art Copyright © Karabuk University http://kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr مجلة البحوث التاريخية والثقافية والفنية DOI: 10.7596/taksad.v6i3.986 Citation: Kalesara, G., & Mashoor, P. (2017). The Effect of Tolerance on Balancing Social Relations in Terms of Molana’s Point of View in Masnawi. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(3), 1158-1175. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i3.986 The Effect of Tolerance on Balancing Social Relations in Terms of Molana’s Point of View in Masnawi Ghasem Yaghubinezhad Kalesara*1, Parvindokht Mashoor2 Abstract Fresh perceptions and variations in concepts introduced by Molana are among the beautiful effects of Masnavi. It is full of various ploys and mystical paraphrases which imply a new meaning in social issues. In this paper, after a short study of tolerance and its background in Islamic culture and western civilization, it has been discussed socially in Molana’s period. The researchers try to explain tolerance on the basis of two standpoints, by believing that it has a deep influence on balancing human relations. Firstly, we want to know if it is a heavenly or a secular issue since our mystical works talk about an inner source while modern thought is focused on the scientific and experiential roots of wisdom. But in the second step we investigate the relationship between the tolerance and its benefit for the human social rights. Although Molana’s attitude in most of Masnavi’s poems relies on the traditional points of view, this study has realized his mind clarity and vigilance and has come to valuable deductions. -
Arabic Typesetting Using a METAFONT-Based Dynamic Font
Arabic typesetting using a METAFONT-based dynamic font Amine Anane [email protected] TUG 2019 - Palo Alto, California, USA August 9-11, 2019 How the project started ? I cannot find a searchable pdf document of the Quran. PDF documents are raster images of hand-written book : cannot be searchable. big size. blurry image due to pixelation Other formats (Office Word, HTML [http://tanzil.net]) : based on Unicode text file + OpenType Font. 1 OpenType Font vs Handwritten text Much smaller font size to accommodate the widest line Increase in interword space for other lines 2 Objective Typeset an electronic copy of the Medina Mus’haf (book) re- specting calligraphic rules and having the same Font size, page number and line Why Medina book ? Quranic book is a reference in Arabic calligraphy Written by one of the most renowned Arabic calligrapher beautiful, clear, easy-to-read style each page finishes by a verse and each section (30 sections) in 20pages (15 lines each) Justification is applied extensively If objective is reached, we should reach ultimate goal : High-quality Arabic → typesetter fulfilling Arabic calligraphic rules 3 Where to start? Existing systems and technology for typesetting Arabic text Font standards such as OpenType and Apple Advanced Typography Advantage : Availability of tools Disadvantage : justification does not conform to Arabic calligraphy such as horizontal stretching using Kashida (Tatweel) ditroff/ffortid system Advantage : based on dynamic PostScript fonts Disadvantage : does not model the way stretching is done -
The Culture of Reconciliation. the Moral Aspect of Speech in Saʿdi's
ROCZNIK ORIENTALISTYCZNY, T. LXXI, Z. 1, 2018, (s. 109–126) MAGDALENA RODZIEWICZ The Culture of Reconciliation. The Moral Aspect of Speech in Saʿdi’s Teachings Abstract The 13th-century Persian poet Saʿdi from Shiraz is considered to be one of the most prominent representatives of medieval Persian ethical literature. His works full of moralizing anecdotes were well known and widely read not only in Persia, but in the other parts of the Islamic world as well. Due to his highly humanistic approach, the relations between people were one of the most important issues discussed by the poet. This article is an attempt to define the status of ‘speech’ in Saʿdi’s moral imagination and to show how it becomes a key instrument in shaping relations with others. In the poet’s opinion, the right words reasonably spoken, just like an appropriate silence, shape the relationship between people and help them avoid conflict and open dispute. Quarrels and confrontations, according to the poet, not only damage a person literally by exposing his flaws and imperfections of character, thereby compromising his reputation (aberu), but may also undermine the basis of social life, generating hostility between people. That is why Saʿdi urges his readers to use soft and gentle speech in dealing with people and always behave in a conciliatory manner in response to aggression and rudeness. Highlighting the moral aspect of speech, Saʿdi shows how kind words form an invisible veil between people, which should be preserved if man desires to maintain his image, good name and dignity. Keywords: Persian moral literature, Saʿdi, ethics, moral conduct, adab, aberu, taʿarof, face, human relations, speech In many cultures, the highest-ranking relation a human being was capable of entering into was his relationship with God.