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Biafra Starve with a Reply by the Undersecretary of State on P

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Biafra Starve with a Reply by the Undersecretary of State on P RIPON MARCH,1970 VOL. VI, No. 3 ONE DOLLAR The Cost of Bureaucracy .oII~.,\~rrv.., "., ...... t</'-"'···41J -. " . ..:: " ... How the State Dept. Watched Biafra Starve With a Reply by the Undersecretary of State on p. 28 ALSO: LOTTMAN ON WINTHROP ROCKEFELLER and RIPON RATINGS SUMMARY OF CONTENTS THE RIPON SOCIETY, INC. ~3cyRep~=aW~~~ members are young business. academic and professional men and EDITORIALS -8 women. It has national headquarters In cambridge. Massachu­ setts, Chapters In eleven ctties, National Assoctate members throughout the fifty states, and several affiliated groups of sub­ -6 chapter status. The Society Is supported by chapter dues, individ­ POLITICAL NOTES ual contributions and revenues from its pubHcations and contract work. The Society offers the following options for annual con­ tribution: Contributor $25 or more; Sustalner $100 or more; THE STATE DEPT. AND BIAFRA Founder $1000 or more In<r!l!ries about membership and chapter organization should ])e aadressed to the National Executive Another chapter in the sad story of Biafra and the Director. Bureaucrats. Christopher W. Beal tells how the State NATIONAL GOVEBNlNG BODD Department helped starve Biafra, while disobeying Presi­ Officers dent Nixon and alienating the Nigerian government. 'Josiah Lee Auspitz, President Immediately after Biafra's military collapse, the Depart­ 'J. Eugene Marana, Chairman of the Board ment had a comprehensive and scientific medical report ·Chrtstopher T. Bayley, Chairman of the Executive Committee on the impending famine, but failed to disseminate it ·Howard F. G!llette, Jr., Vice President properly. President Nixon should be warned that an un­ "Robert L. Beal, Treasurer watched bureaucracy is more apt to prodUce delay and ·Frank E. Samuel, Jr., Secretary negligence than resul ts. -8 Boston PhlladelphiCl ·Robert Gulick ·Richard R. Block RIPON RATINGS Martin A. LInsky Charles Day Michael W. Chrtstian Roger Whittlesey Unwilling to leave the congressional rating business Cambridge ·Sam Sherer Seattle to the ADA or the ACA, Ripon has inaugurated its own Howard L. Reiter *Thomas A. Alberg system. Richard A. Zimmer has compiled a list of 29 Marc Glass Camden Hall Chicago William Rodgers Senate roll-call votes that illustrate what Ripon sees as ·Harold S. Russell the issues of the 1970s, transcending the liberal/conserva­ John A. Bross, Jr. tive dichotomy and the fading polemics of the New Deal. 13enjamln C. Duster WaahiDqlOD Dallas ·PatricIa A. Goldman Though selected votes and percentages don't tell the whole ·Neil D. Anderson Stephen E. Herbits story, why not check up on your Senators? Complete Howard L. Abramson Llnaa K. Lee Robert A. WUson chart attached. -18 Hartford AtLcaqe ·Nicholas Norton Richard E. Beeman Alvin Dozeman Robert D. Behn PROFILE: WINTHROP ROCKEFELLER William S. Glazier II Thomas A. Brown Los Angeles Richard M Conley ·Melvln H. Bernstein Ralph B. t:arle, Jr. The state that voted for Wallace for President and Edward H. Mc:Aniff Carter G. Ford Fulbright for Senator, also reelected Rockefeller as Richard J. Ward, Jr. EmU H. Frankel Governor in 1968. This "other Rockefeller." the "former New Haven ··Lee W. Huebner ·William E Craig Ph!llp C. Johnson New York playboy," adopted Arkansas with a vengeance Paul C. CCIt?ra William J. lCilberg and became her first GOP Governor since Reconstruction William H. Jeffress, Jr. W. Stuart Parsons - and did it running as a moderate against Faubus­ New York Thomas E Petri ·Richard Zimmer ··Tohn R. Prlce, Jr. surrogate Jim Johnson. Perhaps because he supported Rohert L. Musser ··fohn S. Saloma III Nelson over Nixon. Winthrop Rockefeller has been ig­ Judah C. Sommer ··Peter J. Wallison nored by his Party. Rather, as one of its most remark­ able and dedicated Southern representatives, he should Ex-Officio At Lurge serve as a model of how the GOP can win in the South. ·Clair W. Rodgers, Jr., Nationcd Executive Director -20 Howard L. Reiter, Editor of the Ripon FORUM Michael F. Brewer, Political Director David M. White, Bess<uch Director 140 ELIOT STREET -27 Christopher W. Beal, Policy Chairman ·National Executive Committee Member ··Past President or Chairman of the Board LETTERS -27 THE RIPON FORUM ~oJi~Hsf~, ~2~~i1otbt~':, ~~~ bridge, Massachusetts 02138. Second class P9stage rates paid at PUBLICATIONS PAGE -28 Boston, Massachusetts. Contents are copynghted © 1970 by the Ripon Society, Inc. Correspondence addressed to the Editor Is welcomed. In publishing this magazine the Ripon Soctety seeks to pro­ vide a forum for fresh ideas, well-researched pro~~ and for a spirit of crltictsm, innovation, and Independent g within the Republican Party. ArtIcles do not necessam,.. represent the 0rlnion 01 the National Governing Board or the Editorial Board The FORUM would like to announce the ap­ o the Ripon Society, unless they are expHcttly so labelled. pointment of a new editor. He is Howard L. Reiter, SUBSCRIPTION RATES are $10 a year, $5 for students, service­ men, and for Peace Corps, Vista and other volunteers. Overseas who recently completed editing the book-length ver­ air mall, $10 extra. Advertising rates on request. sion of the Ripon Report on Youth, to be published Editor: Howard L. Reiter this fall by Hawthorn Books. Howard, whose writ­ Managing Editor: Evelyn F. Ellis ing has appeared in the FORUM, The Nation, and CODSulting Editor: Michael S. Lottman Contributors: Christopher W. Beal, Duncan K. Foley, Philip C. The Lessons of Victory, is pursuing a doctorate in Johnson, William D. Phelan, Jr., David Omar White. political science at Harvard. Circulation Dept.1 Joanne Bing Conespondents Michael S. Lottman will continue to contri­ Mrs. Barbara Moon4!Y, CoIUL Arthur F. McClure, II, Missouri Maggl~ Nichols, CaWomia William Harding, Nebraska bute to the FORUM as consulting editor. Alex M. Hehmeyer, No. caW. Charles O. Ingraham, New York James F. McCollum, Jr•• FloridCl WilHam K. Woods Ohio Ripon's new reseat'ch director is David M. Cullen Hammond. GeOrgicz Stephen Jones, OklahomCl Michael McCrexy, IdahO Eric R. Blackledge, Oregon White, former staff assistant to the Wednesday Ben Violette, IIllilols Richard Oher, Jr., PeDDSylVClllia J. Kenneth Doka, Ind1cm1l Donato Andre D'Andrea, Jl. L Group in the House of Representatives. David will Terrence Dwyer, Iowa Bruce ~. Selya, Rhode Island He;;ry Bernstein, LouisiCDlCl W!lliam n. Llnaer So. CurolinCl operate Ripon's 1970 research consortium for can­ William A. Merrill, Mass. Stanford M. Adeiste~"~.y',, Don Fowler, Maine Robert R. Murdoch, ~>rgmICI! didates. Terrence Dwyer, Mic:higcm W. Stuart Parsons, Wlsc:oDSba EDITORIAL Biafra: The Cost of Bureaucracy When President Nixon took office last year, publicly ordered the State Department to transmit the Ripon Society in a widely reprinted article ex­ to the Nigerian Government all information it had pected a "sharp reappraisal" of American policy gathered on Biafran starvation in the course of the toward Biafra. ("Biafra and the Bureaucrats," Ripon war. FORUM, February 1969). Probably the President's For six weeks, the Department had had a most eloquent campaign statement of 1968 had been thorough medical survey establishing that Biafra made on behalf of Biafran relief, and his remarks . was suffering from the worst famine, from the high­ in private indicated sympathy for Biafran self­ est rate of edema in the population, ever recorded determination. in history. Conducted by Dr. Karl A. Western, of Barely a month after his inauguration, the Pres­ the U.S. Public Health Service, this survey was based ident put his money where his mouth had been. He on almost three thousand medical examinations, a appointed a Special Coordinator for Nigerian Re­ larger sample than those normally used by the Har­ lief, and relief flights broke the Nigerian blockade ris and Gallup Polls. Dr. Western reported that in increasing numbers with American diplomatic over two million Biafrans were suffering serious Iy and financial support. Though the relief flights de­ from the Nigerian blockade, with lower weights livered only half as much food as was needed, they than was normal for their heights and ages. One took the edge off Biafra's famine. million had also sunk into edema, the last stage Then in June the State Department reversed of starvation when the body is consuming its own the President's policy. The Nigerians scored a lucky cells for lack of food. hit on a Red Cross plane, and the Red Cross stopped The State Department started to implement the its half of the clandestine airlift. All of a sudden, President's instructions by sending copies of the the State Department stopped talking about expand­ Western Report to Lagos, but for over a week it did ing the airlift in defiance of the Nigerian blockade not follow through and insist that the U.S. Embassy and started talking about the need for an "agree­ there transmit it. On January 14, Dr. Western made ment" between Biafra and Nigeria on conditions the first calculation of post-war food needs anyone for a formal, daylight airlift. had made on the basis of his medical survey; the The shift in U.S. policy was dramatized on July State Department refused to cable that estimate for 2, when Secretary Rogers publicly deplored Ni­ presentation in Lagos. To the concerned American geria's use of starvation as a weapon of war at a news public, the State Department repeated Nigeria's conference in the middle of the day and then issued overoptimistic claims at face value and put out gross a revised policy statement that night which asserted exaggerations of the amounts of food actually being that relief shipments could increase only if blockader distributed in conquered Biafra. and victim came to an agreement. Not surprisingly, The State Department now protests that it did they didn't come to an agreement, and in January of not want to annoy General Gowon and damage re­ this year Biafra was finally starved into submission.
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