Darlingtonia Summer 2013 Chapter Programs and Meetings
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Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
NATIVE PLANT FIELD GUIDE Revised March 2012
NATIVE PLANT FIELD GUIDE Revised March 2012 Hansen's Northwest Native Plant Database www.nwplants.com Foreword Once upon a time, there was a very kind older gentleman who loved native plants. He lived in the Pacific northwest, so plants from this area were his focus. As a young lad, his grandfather showed him flowers and bushes and trees, the sweet taste of huckleberries and strawberries, the smell of Giant Sequoias, Incense Cedars, Junipers, pines and fir trees. He saw hummingbirds poking Honeysuckles and Columbines. He wandered the woods and discovered trillium. When he grew up, he still loved native plants--they were his passion. He built a garden of natives and then built a nursery so he could grow lots of plants and teach gardeners about them. He knew that alien plants and hybrids did not usually live peacefully with natives. In fact, most of them are fierce enemies, not well behaved, indeed, they crowd out and overtake natives. He wanted to share his information so he built a website. It had a front page, a page of plants on sale, and a page on how to plant natives. But he wanted more, lots more. So he asked for help. I volunteered and he began describing what he wanted his website to do, what it should look like, what it should say. He shared with me his dream of making his website so full of information, so inspiring, so educational that it would be the most important source of native plant lore on the internet, serving the entire world. -
Hooker's Fairy Bells
Hooker’s Fairy Bells (Prosartes hookeri var. oregana) Lily Family Why Choose It? This delicate and charming member of the Lily family will happily spread in shaded garden areas, under trees and large shrubs. It is a wonderful substitute for many of the non-native ground covers that are typically found in shade. In the Garden Photo: Ben Legler Fairy Bells make a wonderful and attractive ground cover. Once it spreads, which it does moderately (no need to worry about it taking over), it provides a carpet of attractive foliage and its dense, rhizomatous, root system discourages other plants from coming up between. It can be combined with other shade lovers such as wood sorrel (Oxalis oregana), false Solomon’s seal (Maianthemum racemosa), or sword fern (Polystichum munitum). The Facts Like most members of the Lily family, Fairy Bells begin the season by producing a single sprout, which eventually unfurls to form a 1’ to 3’ tall branching plant. Their pointed leaf tips are twisted to form little “spouts” which allow the abundant rainfall that occurs where these plants grow to run off. In spring, pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers appear in two’s and three’s at the tips of each stem, and are followed by yellow-orange berries which finally turn bright red. Besides being shade loving, Fairy Bells also want a moist, forest-like soil, so that means lots of organic matter. They can get through the summer with some supplemental watering during dry spells. Where to See It Hooker’s Fairy Bells grow at low to mid elevations in shaded woodlands both east and west of the Cascades. -
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Although much of the San Francisco Bay Region is densely populated and industrialized, many thousands of acres within its confines have been set aside as parks and preserves. Most of these tracts were not rescued until after they had been altered. The construction of roads, the modification of drainage patterns, grazing by livestock, and the introduction of aggressive species are just a few of the factors that have initiated irreversible changes in the region’s plant and animal life. Yet on the slopes of Mount Diablo and Mount Tamal- pais, in the redwood groves at Muir Woods, and in some of the regional parks one can find habitats that probably resemble those that were present two hundred years ago. Even tracts that are far from pristine have much that will bring pleasure to those who enjoy the study of nature. Visitors to our region soon discover that the area is diverse in topography, geology, cli- mate, and vegetation. Hills, valleys, wetlands, and the seacoast are just some of the situa- tions that will have one or more well-defined assemblages of plants. In this manual, the San Francisco Bay Region is defined as those counties that touch San Francisco Bay. Reading a map clockwise from Marin County, they are Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo, and San Francisco. This book will also be useful in bordering counties, such as Mendocino, Lake, Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito, because many of the plants dealt with occur farther north, east, and south. For example, this book includes about three-quarters of the plants found in Monterey County and about half of the Mendocino flora. -
A University Thesis Presented to the Faculty
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES FROM LILIACEAE __________________ A University Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, East Bay __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology __________________ By Anna-Louise Doss December, 2013 ! ! "! ! Abstract Transposable elements are mobile genetic elements that have the ability to replicate and relocate to different positions in the genome of a cell. These elements are ubiquitous in the genomes of all eukaryotic organisms and are credited with being the source of the vast variation in genome size among related organisms, such as angiosperms, which can differ in genome size by as much as 1000-fold. Retroelements in particular are very predominant in angiosperms and have been shown to account for anywhere from 30% to 90% of the genome. The massive genomes that are common in the Liliaceae family (mean C value of 50 pg) are extreme examples of retroelement proliferation. The Family Liliaceae provides a good model system for studying the mechanisms utilized by transposable elements to proliferate and evade host defenses, and for studying the impact transposable elements have on the evolution of genomes. However, due to their large genome size and the vast prevalence of repetitive DNA, members of the Liliaceae have not yet been fully sequenced nor have their transposable elements been fully characterized. In addition, there has been no attempt to isolate and characterize active retroelements from Liliaceae species in the form of virus-like particles. This thesis research will utilize and modify existing virus-like particle isolation techniques for retroelement isolation and characterization using barley as a model plant. -
Native Herbaceous Plants in Our Gardens
Native Herbaceous Plants in Our Gardens A Guide for the Willamette Valley Native Gardening Awareness Program A Committee of the Emerald Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Oregon Members of the Native Gardening Awareness Program, a committee of the Emerald chapter of the NPSO, contributed text, editing, and photographs for this publication. They include: Mieko Aoki, John Coggins, Phyllis Fisher, Rachel Foster, Evelyn Hess, Heiko Koester, Cynthia Lafferty, Danna Lytjen, Bruce Newhouse, Nick Otting, and Michael Robert Spring 2005 1 2 Table of Contents Native Herbaceous Plants in Our Gardens ...........................5 Shady Woodlands .................................................................7 Baneberry – Actaea rubra ................................................... 7 Broad-leaved Bluebells – Mertensia platyphylla .....................7 Hound’s-tongue – Cynoglossum grande ............................... 8 Broad-leaved Starflower –Trientalis latifolia ..........................8 Bunchberry – Cornus unalaschkensis (formerly C. canadensis) ....8 False Solomon’s-seal – Maianthemum racemosum ................ 9 Fawn Lily – Erythronium oregonum .........................................9 Ferns ..........................................................................10-12 Fringecup – Tellima grandiflora and T. odorata ..................... 12 Inside-out Flower – Vancouveria hexandra ....................... 13 Large-leaved Avens – Geum macrophyllum ...................... 13 Meadowrue – Thalictrum spp. ...............................................14 -
Classification of the Vegetation Alliances and Associations of Sonoma County, California
Classification of the Vegetation Alliances and Associations of Sonoma County, California Volume 1 of 2 – Introduction, Methods, and Results Prepared by: California Department of Fish and Wildlife Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program California Native Plant Society Vegetation Program For: The Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District The Sonoma County Water Agency Authors: Anne Klein, Todd Keeler-Wolf, and Julie Evens December 2015 ABSTRACT This report describes 118 alliances and 212 associations that are found in Sonoma County, California, comprising the most comprehensive local vegetation classification to date. The vegetation types were defined using a standardized classification approach consistent with the Survey of California Vegetation (SCV) and the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) system. This floristic classification is the basis for an integrated, countywide vegetation map that the Sonoma County Vegetation Mapping and Lidar Program expects to complete in 2017. Ecologists with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the California Native Plant Society analyzed species data from 1149 field surveys collected in Sonoma County between 2001 and 2014. The data include 851 surveys collected in 2013 and 2014 through funding provided specifically for this classification effort. An additional 283 surveys that were conducted in adjacent counties are included in the analysis to provide a broader, regional understanding. A total of 34 tree-overstory, 28 shrubland, and 56 herbaceous alliances are described, with 69 tree-overstory, 51 shrubland, and 92 herbaceous associations. This report is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 (this volume) is composed of the project introduction, methods, and results. It includes a floristic key to all vegetation types, a table showing the full local classification nested within the USNVC hierarchy, and a crosswalk showing the relationship between this and other classification systems. -
Sand Violet & Endangered Species Viola Adunca Sm
Natural Heritage Sand Violet & Endangered Species Viola adunca Sm. Program www.mass.gov/nhesp State Status: Special Concern Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Sand Violet (Viola adunca; family Violaceae) is a low-growing perennial herb with dense rosettes of egg-shaped leaves and showy purple-violet flowers borne on leafy stems. It grows in disturbed habitats, usually in full sun, on moist to very dry soils. It competes poorly with other plants and relies on periodic disturbance to remove potential competitors. Violets produce long-lived soil seed banks (ca.100 years in species that have been assessed). AIDS TO IDENTIFICATION: Sand Violet produces showy purple-violet flowers about 2 cm (~0.75 in.) long at the tops of leafy stems in the early spring. The lateral petals are bearded (i.e., they have tufts of white hairs on their inner faces). The spur (a long, horn-like extension from the base of the flower) is short and blunt. The leaves and stems emerge from the crown of a buried stem and form a low-growing rosette. The leaves are Left: Close-up of flower. Middle inset: View of style showing egg-shaped to nearly round in outline, mostly 1 to 2.5 characteristic low, cylindrical bumps at the head. Right: Habit of cm (0.4–1 in.) wide and are barely rounded to very flowering and fruiting plant. Illustration by Elizabeth Farnsworth. slightly heart-shaped at the base. Leaves and flower stalks are covered in short hairs. The stipules (bracts SIMILAR SPECIES: Sand Violet is one of only three near the leaf bases) have comb-like appendages along New England “stemmed violets” (a group of species their upper edges. -
Molecular Data and Phylogeny of Family Smilacaceae
Pak. J. Bot., Special Issue (S.I. Ali Festschrift) 42: 111-116, 2010. MOLECULAR DATA AND PHYLOGENY OF FAMILY SMILACACEAE ZABTA K. SHINWARI1 AND SHEHLA SHINWARI2 1Dept. of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University-Islamabad 2Dept. of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Abstract Family Smilacaceae’s higher order taxonomy remained disputed for many years. It was treated as an order “Smilacales” and was also placed under Liliales by several taxonomists. Even some considered as part of family Liliacaeae. In present paper, we investigated the family’s higher order phylogeny and also compared its rbcL gene sequence data with related taxa to elucidate its phylogeny. The data suggests that its family stature is beyond dispute because of its advanced karyotype, woody climbing habit and DNA sequence data. The data suggest that Smilacaceae may be a sister group of order Liliales and it forms a clear clade with the order. Introduction The Family Smilacaceae was first recognized by Vent. However, its taxonomic status remained controversial. Smilacaceae is a small family with only 3 genera and about 320 species. (Mabberley 2008, Conran,1998) In Pakistan it is represented by one genus and 4 species including a cultivated species (Ghazanfar, 1977). This family is mainly distributed in tropics but extending to temperate regions of both the hemispheres. Bantham and Hooker, (1883); Krause (1930) considered the genera of Smilacaceae under tribe Polygonatae of the family Liliaceae But majority of the present day taxonomists treat them under an independent family Smilacaceae because of its petiolar sheath tendrils, 1-chambered anther cells, sessile stigmas and mostly climbing habit (Fig. -
SPRING WILDFLOWERS of OHIO Field Guide DIVISION of WILDLIFE 2 INTRODUCTION This Booklet Is Produced by the ODNR Division of Wildlife As a Free Publication
SPRING WILDFLOWERS OF OHIO field guide DIVISION OF WILDLIFE 2 INTRODUCTION This booklet is produced by the ODNR Division of Wildlife as a free publication. This booklet is not for resale. Any By Jim McCormac unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. All images within this booklet are copyrighted by the Division of Wild- life and it’s contributing artists and photographers. For additional information, please call 1-800-WILDLIFE. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) has a long history of promoting wildflower conservation and appreciation. ODNR’s landholdings include 21 state forests, 136 state nature preserves, 74 state parks, and 117 wildlife HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE areas. Collectively, these sites total nearly 600,000 acres Bloom Calendar Scientific Name (Scientific Name Pronunciation) Scientific Name and harbor some of the richest wildflower communities in MID MAR - MID APR Definition BLOOM: FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Ohio. In August of 1990, ODNR Division of Natural Areas and Sanguinaria canadensis (San-gwin-ar-ee-ah • can-ah-den-sis) Sanguinaria = blood, or bleeding • canadensis = of Canada Preserves (DNAP), published a wonderful publication entitled Common Name Bloodroot Ohio Wildflowers, with the tagline “Let Them Live in Your Eye Family Name POPPY FAMILY (Papaveraceae). 2 native Ohio species. DESCRIPTION: .CTIGUJQY[ƃQYGTYKVJPWOGTQWUYJKVGRGVCNU Not Die in Your Hand.” This booklet was authored by the GRJGOGTCNRGVCNUQHVGPHCNNKPIYKVJKPCFC[5KPINGNGCHGPYTCRU UVGOCVƃQYGTKPIVKOGGXGPVWCNN[GZRCPFUKPVQCNCTIGTQWPFGFNGCH YKVJNQDGFOCTIKPUCPFFGGRDCUCNUKPWU -
Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Lewis and Clark National Historic Park Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2012/597 ON THE COVER Benson Beach, Cape Disappointment State Park Photograph by: Lindsey Koepke Wise Lewis and Clark National Historic Park Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2012/597 James S. Kagan, Eric M. Nielsen, Matthew D. Noone, Jason C. van Warmerdam, and Lindsey K. Wise Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources – Portland Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 Gwen Kittel NatureServe 4001 Discovery Dr., Suite 2110 Boulder, CO 80303 Catharine Copass National Park Service North Coast and Cascades Network Olympic National Park 600 E. Park Avenue Port Angeles, WA 98362 December 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.