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The Role of Professional Child Care Providers in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect

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The Role of Professional Child Care Providers in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT USER MANUAL SERIES U.S. Depanment of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children's Bureau Office on Child Abuse and Neglect The Role of Professional Child Care Providers in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect Kathy Karageorge Rosemary Kendall 2008 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families ChildrenÊs Bureau Office on Child Abuse and Neglect Table of Contents PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 3 1. PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW....................................................................................................... 7 2. RECOGNIZING CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT ...................................................................... 9 Types of Maltreatment ..................................................................................................................10 Cultural Diff erences ......................................................................................................................18 3. REPORTING SUSPECTED CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT ................................................... 21 Legal Requirements ......................................................................................................................21 Professional Responsibilities .........................................................................................................23 Contents of the Report ................................................................................................................23 Reporting Protocols for Child Care Programs ..............................................................................24 Talking with the Child .................................................................................................................24 Talking with the Parent ................................................................................................................27 Difficulties Encountered When Reporting ...................................................................................28 Next Steps ....................................................................................................................................30 4. MINIMIZING THE RISK OF MALTREATMENT IN CHILD CARE PROGRAMS ............... 33 Staff Selection Procedures .............................................................................................................34 Staff Retention .............................................................................................................................35 Staff Training and Development ...................................................................................................36 Staff Supervision and Support ......................................................................................................37 Operational Policies .....................................................................................................................40 The Role of Professional Child Care Providers in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect 5. PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT: THE ROLE OF FAMILY CHILD CARE PROVIDERS ....................................................................................... 47 Licensing and Regulations.............................................................................................................47 Training ........................................................................................................................................48 Family Child Care Practices ......................................................................................................... 48 6. RESPONDING TO ALLEGATIONS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT IN CHILD CARE PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................... 51 The Director’s Response................................................................................................................ 51 The Accused Person’s Response......................................................................................................53 7. CARING FOR MALTREATED AND ATRISK CHILDREN ................................................... 55 Needs of Maltreated Children.......................................................................................................55 Caregiving Skills and Techniques ..................................................................................................56 Child Abuse Prevention: Personal Safety Programs for Children ..................................................57 8. SUPPORTING PARENTS .......................................................................................................... 59 Offering Ongoing Support for Parents..........................................................................................59 Responding to Families in Crisis ...................................................................................................61 Providing Parent Education and Information About Community Resources.................................63 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................64 ENDNOTES ......................................................................................................................................... 65 iiii Table of Contents APPENDICES: APPENDIX AGLOSSARY OF TERMS................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX BRESOURCE LISTINGS OF SELECTED NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH CHILD CARE AND WITH CHILD MALTREATMENT..................... 75 APPENDIX CSTATE TELEPHONE NUMBERS FOR REPORTING CHILD MALTREATMENT..................................................................................................................... 83 APPENDIX DHANDOUTS FOR PARENTS......................................................................... 85 APPENDIX ESAMPLE REPORT OF SUSPECTED CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT ....... 103 APPENDIX FRISK INDICATORS: TOUCH POLICY ....................................................... 105 APPENDIX GRISK INDICATORS: DEVELOPMENTAL EXPECTATIONS OF CHILDREN, PARTICULARLY THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS......................................... 107 APPENDIX HRISK INDICATORS: CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION CURRICULUM..... 109 APPENDIX IFAMILY SUPPORT STRATEGIES ................................................................ 111 The Role of Professional Child Care Providers in iii Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect Preface ach day, the safety and well-being of some new directions for interventions, while ongoing Echildren across the Nation are threatened by evaluations help to explain „what works.‰ child abuse and neglect. Intervening effectively in the lives of these children and their families is not The Office on Child Abuse and Neglect within the responsibility of any single agency or professional the ChildrenÊs Bureau of the Administration for group, but rather is a shared community concern Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and responsibility. and Human Services, has developed this third edition of the User Manual Series to reflect increased The Child Abuse and Neglect User Manual Series has knowledge and the evolving state of practice. The provided guidance on child protection to hundreds updated and new manuals are comprehensive in of thousands of multidisciplinary professionals and scope while succinct in presentation and easy to concerned community members since the late 1970s. follow, and they address trends and concerns relevant The User Manual Series provides a foundation for to todayÊs professional. understanding child maltreatment and the roles and responsibilities of various practitioners in its This manual, The Role of Professional Child Care prevention, identification, investigation, assessment, Providers in Preventing and Responding to Child and treatment. Through the years, the manuals have Abuse and Neglect, provides information on the served as valuable resources for building knowledge, roles and responsibilities of child care providers in promoting effective practices, and enhancing preventing, recognizing, and reporting child abuse community collaboration. and neglect within and outside early childhood programs. The manual presents an overview Since the last update of the User Manual Series in the of prevention efforts, reporting laws, caring for early 1990s, a number of changes have occurred that maltreated children, and ways to support parents and dramatically affect each communityÊs response to professionals who work with families. The primary child maltreatment. The changing landscape reflects audience for this manual includes early childhood increased recognition of the complexity of issues professionals in a variety of settings, including facing parents and their children, new legislation, private and public child care centers, Head Start practice innovations, and system reform efforts, as programs, preschools, nursery schools, and family well as increased knowledge of the importance of child care homes. It also includes
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