J§it& '{r ¦ A POLITI CAL AND LITERARY KEVIEW.e r. ''The one Idea -which. History exhibits as evermore developing; itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble all the by e?i?Vo!llr ^° "AIOW down barriers erected between men prejudice and one-aided views ; and, by setting aside the distinctions of Religion, Country, and Colour, to treat the whole Human race a3 one brotherhood, naving one great object—the free development of

¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' " " " ¦ ¦ ¦ - : ¦ ¦ ' : ¦ ¦ ' ' ' ' ¦ . - .. . . . <£ontmts : : . '\ REVIEW OF THE WEEK— vxav Gatherings from the Xaw and Po- i Slavery Abolition and Cotton Edinburgh Essays 168 Tmnerial Parliament i4« lice c°urts 152 Supply .. 156 Henry the Fourth and the leaguers 163 VlfSticm Intellie^nce" ' ils Naval and Military 152 The Grey Ticket-ot'-Leave 157 The Philosophy of Common Life ... 16* The Manchester Education Scheme" its Miscellaneous 153 A Week of Elections 157 B6rangev'sSongs.. 1«4 Accidentsand^SuddeS^ Deaths HI Postscript 154 Fraudulent Trustees 158 Lucy Aylmer... 164 •'••"••¦ OPEN COUNCIL- An Ideal Session . 158 TbAnglo-Iudian Almanack...... 165 Sten iS worcell ¦ . ' lt | . 8tate of Trade ..\.JZ ^"..'.".".". 149 The Laws Relating to the Property ^iUs. Wives, and Priests. 15U THE: ARTS_ Ireland 149 of Married Women .! f. 154 Moldo-Wallachian Agencies 159 JT . ,aK Australia ..... ".. " I ". 149 Imprisonment for Debt 154 Go to-Bath I 160 The ^Sunbeam .. 165 "" Gold ' Counter-Declaration of Persia 1G0 ~ " America . ..J^Z^lZ.Z^ZZZlia ... 154 vh« Cattle- ifiS The Orient..... 150 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- LITERATURE- llie Gazette 105 Continental Notes 150 The Financial Statement.... 155 Summary 161 COMMERCIAL AFFAIR.S— Our Civilization 1S1 Moral of the Secret Treaty 155 " . Tho Indian NapierV.V.V.V.V.V."."7."'.'."' 161 City Intelligence, Markets,&c. 168 gy0H YOIi. Till. No. 360.] SATURDAY, EEBKUAB,Y 14, 1857/ Price.{gg5g£^:Jg ' palities, chiefly on the ground that they would thus it abolishes the distinction between transportation . . 3R ?aitm rf tJit 3j0wk; be strengthened as a barrier to future invasion. and penal servitude, authorizing one kind of sen- — ¦¦ ¦ ¦ • — » ¦ - : : This is a common plea ; and it has been supported tence, and leaving the Executive to carry out the rilHE pressure out of doors, aided by the ready by the patriot party in the Principalities, wlio are sentence, under certain limits, according to its " .dis- X adoption of the Opposition ia the House of anxious for union, in the belief that it would ulti- cretion. In the "meanwhile, however, Sir Geo&ge Commons, has extorted from Ministers a large con- mately result in the formation of an independent promises that there shall be improvements in the cession of the Income-tax, and considerable reduc- state. Russia has always found it so easy to absorb disposal of prisoners, in the selection of convicts for tions of the military and .naval estimates. The conterminous ' independent' states of a minor size, Western Australia, and in. the more effectual deten- whole week has been one of bustle. To make a that she, too, favours the union ; while JFraace, in tion of incorrigibles. In a separate measure he better disposition of the ministerial forces, Sir joining with Russia and the Moldo-Wallachian provides for the establishment of county and borough Geqbge CoKNE~WAiiii Xewis has waived his objec- patriots, derives the advantage, first of setting up reformatories for juvenile offenders. At present ttoiiwWaging forward the financial statements at an she may balance the East of " opinion by wliich "this Act is not to be compulsory, but should it work this early day ; and estimates ate produced -with Europe against the "West, and ultimately, it is sup- well it will eventually be extended to the whole Considerably diminished totals. The naval estimates posed, s3ie designs to place upon the Moldo-Walla- country. . ' > Will be only 8,109,000/. instead of 15,812,000^., chian throne a prince of the Bonaparte family ; re- The Select Committee on the Bank Charter Act charged last year. The military estimates, army alizing the dream of Charxemagne in the germ of has been nominated. It comprises all the monetary and ordnance together^, 8,993,000/. instead of an Oriental Empire. Tlie Constitntionnel- boasts notables in the House of Commons ; except Mr. 18,008,000/. ; a total of 19,000,000/. in lieu of that Prance has with her, in. the renewed Paris Con- Weguelin, who had not been returned for South- the 25,000,000/. which Mr. Gladstone calculated. ference, Prussia, Russia, and Sardinia, against ampton when the Committee was appointed. For, The reduction, as compared with the reduced peace Austria, Great Britain, and Turkey—four to three ; after all, Mr. Hiciiabd Andrews failed at the poll.; estimates of last year, is 17,000,000/. This result but adds, that there are hopes of . winning over though there was sufficient rioting on both sides to has been brought about unquestionably by the Turkey to the- same majority. If so, it can only be leave the return still under some obscurity. demand of the public, -with the assistance of the by intrigue. Lord Clarendon, however, admitted One important commercial reform is suspended. Opposition and independent leaders. that the British Government had been taken by The complaint of the City men against the law Another of Mr. Disbaeli's blows at Ministers " surprise," and practically confessed that they had which leaves the ownership of dock warrants, &c, has not been so happy : it has twice recoiled upon, been outwitted. in a state of doubt, has been already explained : himself. The story of a " secret treaty" between The progress of business in the two Houses of they desire that such documents should be placed Prance and Austria, sanctioned by Lord Palmer- Parliament has been of rather an important charac- on the same footing as bills of exchange, since they 8TON, still demands further explanation. Mr. Dis- ter. In the Upper House, indeed, the measures are practically to goods what bills of exchange are raeli professed to give a very elaborate account on brought forward are rather acknowledgments of to money. But there has been sonic difference of Tuesday last, but it amounted to -no more than a work that ought to be done than performances. opinion, fro m au idea that the present law is a check repetition of wliat he said last week, except that he They consist principally of bills introduced by the upon fraud ; and taking advantage of these diversi- supplied the date of the treaty—the 22nd Decem- Lord Chancelxor—rcintroduccd we may say, for ties of opinion, Ministers abstain from interfering ber, 1854. Lord Palmebston instantly replied, they are only editions of last year's bills—to amend until commercial men can agree. that there was a Convention about that date, and he the law s relating to wills, marriage and divorce, and Itather an important constituency has at last appealed to those who were in the Cabinet then., ecclesiastical discipline. But there is no prospect preferred a bill of indictment against its rcpresenta- though no longer in the Ministry now. The Con- that the measures will bo carried. The work is still t ivc. Certain electors of Glasgow, the friends of vention simply stipulated that if Austria should join left op en for Sir Ersiune Peurv and any other Mr. John Macgregoh, have called upon him to ex- the active operations against Russia in Turkey, and gentlemen that take it up independently. plain his share in tho formation of the British should be attacked in her rear by Italian insur- Government lias reluctantly accepted Mr. Na- Bank. We told the story of that bank a few weeks rectionists in Russian interests, France would assist pier's motion for establishing a separate depart- since, though we did not bring out all the facts to protect her Italian provinces ; a very proper pro- ment of Justice—the grand way to legal reform, which Mr. Menzies related. It is difficult to un- vision during tho progress of the actual war. Is and to a good supervision of law, law administration, derstand how Mr. Macgregoh could construct this the Treaty that Mr. Disraei-i exposes ?—or ia and law making. such an explanation as would bo acceptable to a there another Treaty ? Lord Paxmerston tells us Sir George Grey's bill to reconstruct the law of commercial constituency ; and this difliculty per - that " that limited Convention" expired with the penal servitude has the merit of being compact, ap- haps accounts for the fact that the claim has been close of the war. He added that it was never plicable to the present moment, and certain to be under his consideration for three weeks, andJLia«ujuit signed ; but lie has since corrected that mistake : it carried. It ought to provoke more jealousy than it produced no fruits. y^gj d*£r \ , was si gned. And Mr. Disraeli insists that it lias will excite, for it runs loss against tho theories of The House of Commons has aj^aijw^m^^Kjj^ >y .„ not expired. * tlie reactionaries than against the permanent inte- Mcmbors, conspicuously amongst U{^iicl^is5ffi6^rf* lE A new ground ^ has been provided for him by the rests of the British Constitution. It is l'cally a events in commerce. Mr. JoiiNppAiSffl^fft^l'X' '^ r,r Moniteur. That Napoleonic journal has put forth a large measure in a small shape—inoffensive on the Member for Sligo, Mr. JAM Ks^^Aj^^tt^\Vj i^;;U"*^ Pleading m favour of uniting the Danubian Princi, surface though dangerous in its tendency. In, brief, elected by Tipperary, Mr. John M^JX0^Mi^b}>0: S' ¦ » ' ¦ ' **k. Ti , ¦?•f*•> r^- wm:)'' • uA CJ*^\ ~ 146 THE LEADER. [No. 360, Satu rday Humphrey Brown ' ¦ tlite rajr^e&f.tUeir remission within much Member for Glasgow, aad Mr. Emits tlfra narnwrT,. to say nothing of the Honourable ¦IWEKIMI. PARLIAMENT. are now observed, while renderine tW sat foi Salisbury, —?—— cshaatg^B, ggntralfy speaking, unconditional {tl dif- Monday, February 9tk. U J?r ancis Iiawvey or -lcmL Maidstone. It is cotrrse off 16s speech, Sir George observed that the hint to know how an ' iiifusion of new blood,' by In tbe Home of Lokds, a bill providing a remedy for sysiem issifr process of abandonment ; and he stated h- ficult frivoloMBsandavexatious lasergpoceedings waagrirttwJuced belief thaitthfe.popular alarm lf a ozen elections, can reiti^v&jtlte ckaraafeteroL with respect to carotW ha d by LTo«tfc»BKOwaHAM, anddraeda Jst^t titnee. had beeqa some\rfiat exaggerated, the Although Newport lbs chosen^ a Co*i- number of roTh the House. TIIK IHkMUBIAN FBfiUgCtFVULlTIES—CtnKA. beries-ia t866 being rather less than in 1655 notwiFh servative, Mr. Kennard is repjafefcd to be a moafci Refjgring too Lord Lyjth«prst£, the Earl of GiajtEN- standing t*k discharge of soldiers and militiamen ' estimable gentleman ; Mir. JamessClay speaks kuaa tjon skated tbtefc; under trJtetenns*o£a recent nrrata^the i A^lArtnawBCuensued, in the course of which Sir Jomt 1 TurkiiJfcdi«UBaFvrerc.eine(Xwere(Mto discuss-tUayujBton of P&mVGTox.r&secvedhis criticisms on the details of bold and popular tone a&J;he HesssISf&rnber fosJl&iU ; ,, thl ^ the DarmfcHn PrincipaHifes, ortany other question con- i»«sure till future stages but in- the meanwhile con General Codkington will inakV a respectable-'pro- nected with the future administration of those provinces, demned the laxity with whiclttickets of leave had granted been fessional representative of Greenwich ; but we in conformity with, the ascertained wish of the popula- an*- even sentences remitted, and objected to should he sanguine indeed to assume "that tlrese tion-. He declined to express any opinion himself- on the over indulgence shown to criminals ; Sir. Collier that subject - at; present (though * he confessed - to some recommended that all prisoners found guilty for tlemen will counterbalance the effect of the ~ a tliird gen surprise on reading, tbe recent article in the Mon£teur), time should be sentenced to imprisonment for life - Jr Adderley , r damaging disclosures iiithe Bankruptcy and Criminal oi,to lay on the table a copy of the firman, whicb had, exhorted the Government to abrogate the' Courts. he "believed, been communicated confidentially to the ticket-of-leave system- utterly and finally, and Mr. Be.v~ tinck. made a similar suggestion Another bankruptcy is calculated to deepen the Government.—-In answer to a series of interpellations with' respect to trans- from Lord Lyndhuust, the Earl of Derby, the Earl of portation ; Mr. Labotjciiere impressed on the House eelings of mistrust. Messrs. Fox, Hendejisox, the impossibility of making a penal compelled to surrender EmENBOROUGH, and other peers, the Earl of Claren- settlement anywhere and Co. have been, , by the don promised to produce a variety of returns and corre- but in "West ern Australia, while even there he believed refusal of a large creditor to sign the deed for carry- spondence relating to the late proceedings at Canton. convicts could only be sent in small numbers, and for a ing,on. their business under inspection. It is said short time ; Mr. Monckton Milstes and Mr. J. ft IRISH CONSTABULARY. ' thaii the. criminal proceedings actually instituted, The Earl of Leitbim: moved for a copy of the reports Phdllimore spoke against returning to transportation against-the Brothers Legendbe and their colleagues made within the last six. months by the police in the and Mr. Nbwdegate. in favour of it. ' intParis,.for malversation in the management of the county of Longford, relative to considerable numbers of Mr. Liddell inquired whether there would be any Napoleon Docks Company, has had nothing to do men marching-at night in that county ; also a copy of a objection on the part of the G overnment to enter into a the bankruptcy of Eos, letter addressed by the Earl of Leitrini on the 20th contract with the planters.of British Guiana to supply with precipitating Hender- , them with convicts son, and Co., although that firm had had some re- December, 1856, to Sir John Duncan M'Gregor, the In- , as many estates in Demeiara spector-General of Police in Ireland requesting in forma- adapted to the growth of excellent cotton, are perisliing lations with the Nupoleon Docks. , for -want of labour. tion with respect to the marching of men so reported, —No reply was given to this ques- How easy it is to glide from Parliament and com- tion. After a few more remarks from. merce-into the crimirtal courts ! The genius of and the correspondence in reply to that letter ; also cer- Sir Geoege tain other papers Grey, leave was given to bring in the b511. SkWABD and his colleagues had elevated forgery connected with the same subject.— key The motion, as far as the production of some of the Sir George G then moved for, and obtained, into' tbe-character of a " business"—so they call it. papers was concerned, was agreed to. leave to introduce a bill to facilitate the establishment Atwexl,.. one of his accomplices, who lies now of reformatory schools in England. It was not, he said, THE IRISH POSTAL SERVICE. the design of the bill to interfere muier sentence by an unfortunate mistake, has Tfie Duke of Akgvll with voluntary institu- , in reply to Lord DraGAura-ox, tions, but to enable counties and boroughs to given.us.some further disclosures; AiWEivL is " not explained tlie modifications which are about to be made establish sure," for his own part, that he has yet taken to such schools out of the county and borough rates. in the Irish postal service,, in order to remedy the in- having been given to introduce dishonesty as a calling-; but he is indignant at the efficiencies comp Leave^ certain other lained of between Dublin and Holyhead. bills, the House,adjourned at a little after eleven o crimes of Satvabjd, who has caused eleven men to Their Lordships shortly afterwards adjourned. 'clock. he transported, including. MA.RKHAM, whose inno- ME. OTSKAELI AND THE 'SECR ET TREATIT. Tuesday, February 10 th. cence Saward knew, though he refused to prove it, In the House of Comsions, Mr. Disraeli called at- THE ECCL ESIASTICAL; COURTS. lest he liimseli should be dragged in. However, the tention to the continued absence of Lord Palmerston from The Lord, Chancellor , in laying on the table three gentlemen in " busiaess " did something in sub- the House, and intimated that on the following: night, bills for the reform of the Ecclesiastical Court s, gave an scribing money to assi st Markitah's wife. when he understood lie would be there, lie (Mr. D>israeli) outline of the changes he proposed to effect. The prin- A case in the Court of Exchequer discloses a should ask permission to make some observations on a cipal of these were—to constitute a new court, to be class of -i trading not altogether unknown. Wou lee, contradiction, which Jie received from the Premier, the called the Queen's Court of Probate, which, except in first evening1 of tho sessi certain cases is not to have , sues Pjropebt, a student at Haileybury, on on, on " a matter of great mo- , juri sdiction over real estate, aitailor ment." and over -which a judge will preside who will direo* a: large account for goods—the word " goods" GOVEBSTMENT issues on matters of fact, to be> tried **<¦ — j< -»j j to allot mone STATEMEN TS. , (tnough hie pfc^uld not covering, y lent to be squandered, by the boy. In answer to Colonel Greville , Mr.- Horsm-vkt - said to the proctors in thia court be Thus, as the Ciiief Bakox remarked, Ihe tailor in- that the Government had been informed of the great in- sorry to be rid of them altogether, if possible) all the com- stigated the son to extract money from ihe parent in convenience which resulted from the arrear of business in mon form business,, while the contentious business •will a mode " worse than picking a pocket." The Jury the Encumbered Estates Court, and that , as the experi- be thrown open to solicitors and barristers ; to prove all agreed, with the Judge, and refused to recognize the ment of trying to worlc the court with two Commissioners uncontested wills, bequeathing property up to 150 OZ. , in a debt. had failed—the very existence of tha court being im- dis trict court , and contested wills in tbe London Probate To proceed from bad to worse, Ticc-Chaneellor perilled—tlie Government had determined to appoint a Court, the office of Judge being discharged by one of the KiNDEitsLEY has judicially kidnapped Alicia Race, tliird Commissioner, and, if necessary, to increase the Tice-Chaucellors ; to dispose of wills below 200?. ia staff of the court in order to have the business conducted the County Courts ; and, with respect to divorce, to al- referring her to " guardians," and ordering her to ¦ 3ovr a woman to obtain a decree of separation from hor be brought up¦ • " in t3ie Protestant faith," mamma with rapidity and efficiency. Sir Benjamin Hall, in answer to Mr. Locke, men- husband if he should . desert her for three j'ears, giving and Chief Justice Campbexii not-withstanding ! her, in some cases, a postnuptial, as "well as an ante- tioned the position of matters as regards Westminster- * And it is to theso " equity" people thai; Lord bridge. The works remain in abeyance because the Go- nuptial settlement. In the case of the doctrinal offences Chancellor Gran worth would hand over the su- of clergymen, it is not intended to allow a suit to lie vernment ia -waiting . for designs (to -which foreigners r preme jurisdiction over our wills and wives. may contribute) for the adjacent improvements, and in promoted A oluntarily by any one person : proceedings order to ascertain the present state of tho bed of the are only to bo taken after a certificate lias been obtained, Thames. si gned by a certain number of persons of standing in the SELE' -'IiliFOKW : OF TUB LOXDON CORPOKAT IOJT. A Mr. "Veunon Smith, in answer to Mr. La yard, Church. The bill relating to clergy offences, however, special Court of Common Council was held last Satur- was not then laid on the table bv the Lord Chancellor. day, for tho purpose stated that the Persian Ambassador possesses full powers of receiving a report from the Cor- to arrange the dispute with England. A selection from Lord Lyndiiurst made several objections on technical poration Inquiry Committee, on the subject of the future the correajiondence will be published. grounds to the Testamentary Jurisdiction Bill, and ex- management of the corporation. It contained fifty sug- in- Sir George' Grey, in answer to Sir John Pajcington, pressed his regret that the Lord Chancellor had not gestions, some of wliicla were that the number of wards corporated in tho Divorce Bill a clause to abolish the should ' be reduced stated that it was not intended to bring in a bill this to twenty ; that the Parliamentary session on tbe subject of church rates. action for criminal conversation, which he rega rded as a franchise should bo tli'o municipal fran chise ; that the disgrace to the nation.—Tho Bishop of JOxrcrEit ex- number: of Sir Ciiaules "\Vooi>, in answer to Mr. Roebuck, common councilmen should bo reduced to stated that tho Gorernmcnt had come to no decision aa pressed a general approval of the measured.—Lord one-, hundred and fifty ; that the quorum of the Court Campbell indicated dissent from s event 1 points ; and should bo thirty •, to sending out a new expedition to- the Arctic Sens. to that tho term of tho office of common Should it be resolved to send out such an expedition more especially objected to the proposals with respect councilmen should bo for one year ; that tho Lord Mayor , the allowed House, in accordance with the recommendation of the tho case w ith which married persons arc to be shotildi bo elected by tho members of tho livery com- to obtnin a divorce —Lord BitouciirAiu objected largely pantMjB, together with. tlio. select committee, would be asked to voto the money Bill. municipal electors from, tbo before the expedition A\ a3 fitted out. to many of the provisions of tho Testamentary — aldormcn who had neired the onico of sheriff ; that the Lord \v"enslkyi>alje approved of the bills on the whole, Sheriff should be elected by the same constituency as tho TIIK TIOKICT-OF-LKAVK SYSTEM. and thought tho discussion of details migh t be left to fl Lord- Mfcyor •, th!at the Lord Mbyor< and aldermen should Sir Geouoe Ghhy moved for leave to bring i n a bill future stage.—Tho Bishop of Ox iron r> urged the neces- bo maHnstratos as at -present, and have the administra- to amend the Act Kith and.17th Victoria cap. 9!> ' Council , in tion, , , en- sity of confining the decisions of tho Privy of justice in the justice-rooms, nnd continuo to bo titled An Act to substitute in certain eases otlicr ' of thn questions commissioners " tho cuses of clergymen, to the legal part of the Central Criminal Court ; that they puiiislimcnt in lieu of transportation." The changes at i ssue, without any reference to the theological.-—Aftov Bhould hare the contrrol'of the city prmona aa well as of ¦which , the the prison: which ha proposed to introduce in tho present bill were some further brief discussion (in tho course of officers j thbt they should exorcise the same tlicae':—Tirst to lengthen Ihe term of sentences of penal of the l'rc- duUos- mspoc , Loi;r> Ciianoklkok said ho wished to get rid m t to tlio .police as they, now possess : that servitude to an equal durat ion with that of the periods were rcml n first they should still have rogniivo (Jourt altogether), tho bills tbe appointment of the Recorder of transportation for which they were substituted ; tune.ilitin and-other law officers • that all'oxclnsivo ri r ing m ghts of trad- secondly, to gi\ o judges a discretionary power to pus.s IMI 'KOV KJIKNT OF NEW ACTS . tho City bo. abolished, a»d' nil! street tolls apier strongly is, aad how the proposed alterations -would affect that with those of Austria as far as their limited sphere ex- objected to the bill, which was supported by Mr law. The Lord Chancellor concluded by giving some tended, for the protection, not of the Austrian pos- Hadfikud., Mr. Fitzgerald, and'the Attorney-Ck* ludicrous examples o£ the errors which frequently creep sessions, tut of the general stale of the territorial, pos- N ERAfj. —Upon a division, the second reading was car- into a«ts.of Parliament for want of the supervision, which sessions of the powers of Europe. This arrangement was ried by 56 against 46. • he: now- proposed to establish.—Lord Cajipeell gave undoubtedly know n to the English Government (cheers On the motion of Sir Francis' Baring, the- Committee his.hearty.support-to the contemplated measure, and the from the Opposition)—* and a. very proper arrangement it on Public Moneys was reappointed- for the was, for it would have-been inconsistent with the pro- motion was agreed to. -r-A . similar - committee, Thursday, February X2tfc saDQetpurposef was granted by the House of Commons posed alliance if any other course had been taken ; and that arrangement was certainly put into the shape of a: GRE ECE. Oft/ the motion of Lord Palsiekston. In answer to the Marquis of Clanricakde;- ps on rising, adjourned to Thursda}-. convention, which, as the right honv gentleman says, Lt>rd Their Lordshi , CiiAresdon explained the circumstances (already well HypoTJiKCAriosr of goods and -warrants. was signed in December, 1854. I can only* say that in- formation reached us y esterday, by which we; are assured known to the public) which led to the occupation- of ' In>the Housh op Commons, in reply to an inquiry by Greece by English and French troopsv These troops Mm GregsoXj whether, in consequence of the doubts that it never was signed." His Lordship went- on to say that the-conventio n, was only temporary; that it differed have never beeii removed from the Pirreus, and they thrown by the courts of law upon the validity - of ad- would have been withdrawn from , the country last vances on the hypothecation of goods 1 or warrants, it entirely from the permanent treaty alleged to: be.in ex- istence ; and that, to the best-of his knowledge, there autumn, but for a suggestion on tlie part of the Greek was intended to introduce any bill upon the subject, Government that. the. instalment it was about\ to pay. Mr. Lowe, after explaining the case of" Kingsford v. was no other foundation whatever for the assertions made by Mr. Disraeli. The subject then dropped. ou the interest of the loan should be applied to the in- MerryV' stated that Government would be willing, to in- ternal improvement of the country. The English, troduce a bill as-soon as it is satisfied that the measure THE IJTCOAIE^TAX. French, and Austrian Governments would not accede to wouldl-meet-the wishes of-the mercantile community. Major Reed, after some observations, withdrew the thT THE CHINA SEA. resolution of which lie had given notice respecting the might not. have-been much greater, and that. the. internal Major- Sebthorp asked the Vice-President of ; the Income-tax, pending the financial statement of the ght not be more flourishing? Chancellor of the Exchequer. . revenue of the country mi Board 'of ' Trade whether any steps were being taken by The Greek Government:then challenged the three P6wers the Government towards the diminution of risk to ship- TAGRAKI CHILDREN. to to inquire into the finances of Greece. " The proposal," ping by the erection, of a lighthouse on the reef known Sir Stafford ^Nokthcote moved for leave bring continued Lord Clarendon , " was laid before us as cre- as the Protas Shoals, in the China Sea ?—Mr. Loave in a bill to make better provision for the care and edu- ditors of that Government, and as creditors wo proposed said that some steps had been taken in. the direction in- cation of vagrant, destitute^ and disorderly children, and- to institute the inquiry. The suggestion of a commis- dicated, but with no decisive result. There 'was a- diffi- for the. extension of industrial schools. The effect of sion of'inquiry was made known to the Russian Govern- culty with respect, to raising funds. . the bill was the same as that which had been .passed for ment, who signified their assent; and proposed to t ake DESTITUTION OF SOLDIERS ' "WI VES AT COLCIIESTEK. Scotland ; so that the House had sanctioned the prin- part in it. Some delay lias taken place in settling the Sir John Tvkhll called attention to a statement in a ciple, though tlie details of the present, measure were real : attributes of this commission, and its duration ; Chelmsford paper to the effect that about three hundred somewhat different.—-After a few words from Mr. The proposal, however, has been accepted in the m-ost children are living in. a Baillie Cocjheane, Mr. Kjlmnaikd,, and: Sir George frank andicordial manner b - as and fifty soldiers' wives and Grey, who did not oppose the motion, leave, was-given- y the Greek Government, state of extreme destitution near the huts tit Colchester; it was¦ made to them in a perfectly friendly spirit. We He wished to know -whether the attention of Govern- SAI,E nii" BEEE. have no intention whatever to interfere in the internal ment lad been called to the subject. —Mr. Fr.EiiEiiiCK The House having resolved itself into a committee, affairs of the kingdom, and the commission will last' no Peeu- on&a-.UA. hja.il made inquiries at the Horse Guards, Mr. Hardy moved that the chairman be instructed to longer than will permit the fulfilmen t of its purposev" amend the laws-re- and they had received . no intomviuaoix en.tho subject, nor move for leave to introduce a bill to SECOND AET f UXISUMlSNTS . had any complaints been made. lating- to the general sale of beer by retail, and to regu- The Marquis of Salisbury late certain places of public resort; refreshment, and moved for a select com- SIB JOHN ai 'NEILI. , AND COIXDNEI ^ TUIXOC1I. mittee to inquire into the subject of secondary punisli- Joseph Ewakt aaked Lord Palmerston whether entertainment. He showed the necessity for this bill by inents. Mr. quoting facts which prove that —Lord Guanvii.xk opposed the motion, on the it is the intention of Government to make any recogni- the granting of licenses ground that the House was not yet in possession of the M'Neill and Colonel to beer-shops is very lax ; that the Excise will some- plan proposed by tion of : the services of Sir John times grant licenses , after the magistrates have with- Government ; and that ,until the House Tulloch in the Crimea ?—Lord I'almekston answered had arrived at sonic definite notion of the subject-matter , that those gentlemen had performed their duty to the drawn them ; that robberies- and other offences arc fre- of the proposed inquiry, it would be quently planned in low beer-shops ; and that spirits arc useless to appoint satisfaction of the- G overnment, and much to their own the committee.—Lord Stanuox'K, -who had moved the. prove useful as regarded the easily obtainable at places where there is no spirit appointment of a smilar committee credit. Their report would license. He proposed to subject to police surveillance last year, thought' future ; but it did not appear that the service was of that George Grey that the time for deliberation was past and that for. peculiar:nature which required extraordinary recognition till night cofteo-shops , &c.—Sir , observ- action come, lie therefore joined in opposition to lbe ing that the whole question was as to the best means-oi desired committee. or honour. preventing drunkenness —Lord CAairnisLii agreed with , the .TOrNX-STOOIC I5ANKS. , deferred his opinion upon the opinions expressed by the last speaker ineasure until he saw its provisions. —A short discussion , and said ho The Ohancelxou of the Exchequer, in answer' to looked upon transportation as the only punishment,' Mr. Ricardo, stated that he had no present intention ensued in the committee, and, tho motion being agreed which affords a reasonable chance of reformation to tha of appointing • a committee to inquire into joint- stock to, leavo wns given to bring in the bill. criminal. He also painted a gloomy picture of tha banks ; but wt an early day he should state the course CONTR ACTS FO1I THE PUM-IC DKPA KTMKNTS. lawless-condition of the country, .and seemed to regard Government intends to take. On the motion of Colonel Dunnic, the select committee with some admiration the penul laws, of tho reign, to inquire into the principle adopted for making con- of Henry VIII., when all . who stole to tlie value- of TIIK ALT-BOKO TREATY WIT H AUSTRIA. tracts for the supply of the public departments, and the twelvepence were strung up. .' Air. Disraeli agai n brought forward this subject , and " ' —Earl FiTZWiiiu> obtained leave to bring —Viscount Dunciannon supported the mor possessions ; that the lingU^u G i^ Lonl in a bill further to provide for the mode of .securing and tion. —Lord Ravmnswoutii , who had a notice on the Aberdeen's) was privy to the fact, and gave iLd warm paying fixed incomes to ecclesiastical corporations , paper to call the attention-of tho If (nwe-to the nccessitv approbation and cordial concurrence ; ;iud that the treaty aggregate aud sole. The bill was the s;imc in principle wliich ox.istud.lbr tha ioumation of :v harbour -of refugeon had been largely and extensivel y actnd upon as the bills which had been read a second time, the the. nocth-eastern . const, ior tho iwotoction'of shippilig- with their kuowledge. lie took great credit to liiinaol l difference in the details beiug improvements of th« and commerce, and to suggcut tho employment- of con- for having, eight years ago, asserted that a guarantee vict, labour in the canstructioii' 1 «ad me asure. -of' the- same, mentioned been giveu ia the Treaty of Vienna by Great C 'llIlCl i 1 CONSTAHUCB. thati two deputations, consisting'oC Britain . very-inil-nential gere- to Prussia .of her Saxon provinces—an assertion Sir G i-ioiwjk 0 Ricv obtained leave to bring in a billito tlemeu ong-oged in ocamnoreo, had "waited upon tlie <3b- which waa afterwards proved to be correct, though Lord Pal facilitate the appoin tment of chief constables for adjoin- vernnwiiit and pointed out-tlie necessity of puch a h ar- merston, then the Foreign Secretary, denied the fact. ing- conn ties and to ronlinh appointments of chief con- bour ofi refngw; Ho ( Lord liavonaworth)'tliong 1 If ho (Mr. , ht tlmt Disraeli) -were furnished with the forei gn cor- stables in certain casen. couviot labour lmiglrt bo, umx>loyed on tltirt as well as respondence of December, 185-1, and January, 18uo,, he could Tho other business was then disposed of ; and at hulf- other public woika; and ho rciul from.- .a'lfcttor of Dord equally proves his presouL assertion. Ho must not, pas eigljt ' WeiiHloydalo in support) of this op however t o clock tho IToha o adjourucd. inion.—Lord BVant-kv , be understood an objecting to Ihrs secret treaty oi4-A.!£»uitL.ij)X' said the ttoverrnmon t- was iTOfc prepared to which he alleged " ht ] V(:diic*ilo oixpeiiBO of'Avhich lta provisions wise l>uL hu i-juv ati-: lilies. , temperate, and conscrvfiliv o ; wtuiWi L>o rnoro tliam could bo me*.—Iiord Via'ian nccused tho G overn ment of pretending to pur.suK ;i policy Sovonil private - billd were mid a secoutl time ; ono of ' wh thought!lift- works,could bo crfi incro utility'.—Tho motion ich in «ecret they wore contra.—th« M.i-jiertKr- (>«)N,sKitvANt 'Y and .Done Him,— (. Lord wan U«« aiugjitivccl witliout a division. 1' Ar.aiEKa'i'ON said lie had not tlie least intentionof wuh opposed by Mr. iloitM'AU-, on the ground that it of _ throwing any discredit on tho ^ood luitU Mr. would ^rontly inter-lure with tlie Dock* Trust of Liver- 'ru n jh)Mhaiu>mi:nt. ov canxo.v. . laraoli ; but he must rc[)«aL that lie had been the. vic- pool , wh ich it a public tTii.il -, ui(Uin/.;<-(l gratuitously by In tlid Ilou.si: ok Commons, 3\1k. Couukn gave notico uin of-nn imposition, to which he hud given too credu- imlividiiJil.H (sdJcctcd from the loftfling iiuircli 'antfl «nnnirf> . lYK^Ilf <\i' i \\n ( rr'Jlf V *»(' I W.1 4> r'ltl I *;i. l.trri ll».» l.nticl-vt l lli-~-—«¦ voters• -«w~ polled.,-y.*^u.. One or two*nu men.men wrwere * given«¦;„„„ passed, with the vi«w of considering of a remedy, as believe the Lord Chancellor would have sufficient time into custody during the day for personating voters and regards the winding-up of Joint- Stock Banks and In- to perfor m the functions required of a Minister of Jus- after the close of the poll some excitement was caused surance Companies. tice. — Mr. Keating held a different opinion. — Mr. by a couple of prize fi ghters from London, who drove un PENAL SETTLEMENTS. WlGRAM , Mr. EWABT , Mr. MONTA -GUE CHAMBERS , Mr. on the box of a cab bearing Sir Edward Butler's colours Wareeit, and Mr. Locke King, were in favour of and, dismounting, commenced fi ghting their In answer ta»a question from Mr. Liddell , Sir. Xa- way through establishing a Ministry of Justice.—Mr. Mauns thought a crowd which was being addressed by Mr. 'Weguelin bouchere said it was in contemplation to inquire the whole thing, if attempted, would end in disappoint- Two policemen, however, came up, collared ¦whether tie settlement on. the Massarooni River, in one of the ment.—Sir Erskink Pekry agreed-with some remarks rascals , and carried him off to the station-house amidst British Guiana, may not he made available for convicts of Lord John Russell, to the effect that the Ministry of the cheers of tbe mob. from the United Kingdom. It ia now used as a convict Justice should be associated witb the Home Office. Sir Richard Bethell, who has accepted station for purely colonial purposes. — the office of Lord. Palmerstoit spoke in favour of attaching the office Attorney-General, was, on Monday, re-elected, without THE NELSON COLUMN. of Minister of Justice to some office already existing-— opposition, for Aylesbury. In addressing tie electors Sir Benjamin Hall, replying to Mr. Warren, ex- Mr. Ha.i>fieIjD thought it was high time that something he sai$ he believed the present Government has a strong plained that the Nelson column had originally been was done.—"Ultimatel y the motion was agreed to, the desire to effect all reasonable and safe reductions of ex- commenced by private subscriptions ; that tbe monu- Atxorj sey-Genekal consenting to allow the words he penditure ; but he reminded his audience that the vast- ment had afterwards been handed over to the Com- had proposed to strike out to remain. ness of our empire , and the importance of the interests missioner of Works ; that various sums of money had CHURCH-RATES - we have to defend , render a large out-going of money, been paid by the nation, but that four or five thousand Sir William Clay moved for leave to bring in a bill and therefore a large revenue, unavoidable ; and lie pounds were still required. If Parliament voted that for the abolition of church-rates, the bill to be limited asked " the men of Aylesbury" whether they -would risk money, the works would be carried on -with the utmost to the total abolition of such rates, and a provision the greatness of their country fox the sake of a paltrv expedition ; but be did not think it advisable this year saving existing legal obligations. economy. He also alluded to criminal jurisprudence to ask tbe House to make any advance for the purpose. and national education as subjects which GENERAL POLLOCK. would be dis- CAPITAL PUNISH MENT. cussed in Parliament this session ; and Captain Leicester Vernon moved for copies of all denied that, as Mr. Ewabt gave notice that, on that day fort- rumour had alleged, there was any disagreement between correspondence relating to the removal of General Pol- himself and bis colleague in the night he intended to ask fox leave to bring in a bill to lock from the direction of the East India Company. representation of the assimilate the law in Scotland relating to capital punish- borough, Mr. Layard. Whenever there was a dissolu- After eulogizing Sir George's military career during tion—which might be this year or ments with that of England. the Affghan -war, and stating that, as a recogni- the next—he trusted ' that himself and Mr. I^ayard would again be returned SIR ROBERT PEEL S LATE SPEECH. tion of his services, he was in 1854 nominated together. l one of the three Government directors of the East In rep y to a question by Mr. Staffokd, Sir Robert The nomination of the Greenwich candidates took Peel admitted the substantial accuracy of" a report India Company, for two years, he complained that place on at the expiration of his term Monday amidst a perfect tempest of popular which bad been made of his recent speech, in which of office he was demonstrations for and not reappointed, according to the full expectation of against each candidate. General he severely handled several continental celebrities. But, Sir Codrington could scarcely be heard, and Mr. (or Colonel) he added, " as regards Count de Morny, I absolu tely George, upon the plea that a fresh appointment, and not a reappointment Sleigh was hardly more audible. He was heard, how- repudiate having said anything that might not be said , should .be the rule.—Mr. "Vebjton- ev r to speak a few -words in Smith said his answer e , favour of Libeial *"••"- by any gentleman in-this house of any friend or relative to the motion was simply this ciples, and tben retired from the hn"t- lp&a t <>ne °f his of his own. I said he was l le plus grand sjteculatmr —that there was no official correspondence as to the enemies -waving over him a sheet of official paper , made de VEuropc ? and I did not intend by that assertion to non-reappointment of Sir George Pollock, and that he to represent a protection from the Court of Bankruptcy, imply anything detrimental to his honour or character. never was removed from his office. —IMr. Disk.aeli where he has recently appeared. The choice of hands (Hear, hear. ) In fact, immediately on my arrival in thought that an attack had been made by Mr. Vernon was in his favour ; but a poll was demanded for General town, I wrote to Count de Morny to say that envy and Smith, upon his colleague.—Loxd Palmbrston denied Codrin gton, who was elected on the following day by a malice bad done their best to twist my expression into this, and hoped the motion would not be placed on majorit y of 1,432, the numbers being—Codrington, something odious, but that I distinctly repudia ted having record.—Captain Vernon then withdrew the motion. 2,975 ; Sleigh, 1,543. Great was the excitement during meant anything prejudicial to his chaTacter or to the posi- MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS. the day, it bein g asser ted by the popular party that the tion he occupied, (Hear , Jtear.) Now I could not say Mr. Lloyd Davis obtained leave to bring in a bill to Government candidate (General Codrington) had put on equalize the more. As regards the Grand Duke Constantine of Iiussta, weights and measures of the United King- " the screw ;" and , at the close of the proceedings, the that is another matter." (llear, hear .") Sir Robert th en dom. defeated candidate was understood to intimate that he Lord Claud Hamilton explained that, when ho said he did not impress him moved an address for a copy would oppose the return of his .rival on the ground of with the idea of " a frank and open-hearted .sailor"— of tbe tre aty concluded by his Majes ty the Empero r of bribery and' corruption. which were " tbe words of the gallant Admiral sitting Austria with the Sublime Porte, on the 14 th day of Mr. Clay, a Liberal , was on Wednesday returned for there" (Admiral Napier)—he meant that be gave him June, 1854, relative to the military occupation of th e Hull, where a vacancy had occurred resul ting from the the idea of " a man of great powers of mind( laughter) ; Principalities of Moldavia and "Wallacbua ; but, en the elevation to the bencli of Sir. "SV. H. Watson. He was in ^fact, that he was not a ^, mere simple sailor, bu t a explanation of Lord Palmeuston that the treaty had the only candid ate who came forward , though two or man of a far greater grasp of mind." (Renewed laughter.) alread y been printed, he withdrew it. three gentlemen (including Mr. Edwin James, Q.C.) With respect to the Prince de Ligne, Sir Robert ad- The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved that had previously issued add resses, believing that the fact mitted that he did say of him that he was •' as stiff and the committee on the Bank Acts be a committee of of Mr. Clay having in 1852 been unseated for bribery starch as the frill of Queen Elizabeth." { Laughter.) If secrecy, and do consist of twenty-two members.—The and corruption would render him ineligible—a supposi- —though he could not himself hold tha t opinion —it was committee was nominated after some discussion. tion about which thero afterwards appeared to be some thought he had given offence by these light, airy at- doubt. tempts to " hold the mirror up to Nature," as he believed ELECTION INTELLIGENCE. The nomination at Hereford took place on Thursday. Goldsmith (!) liad said (laughter), he begged publicly to Mr. George Clive is the Liberal candidate ; Mr. Kovill tender the most ample expressions of regret. We havo had several elections and re-elections tliis Davies stands for the Torios. The show of hands was week. Tho Right Hon. W. F. Cowper, having been THE SECRET TREATY AGAIN. in favour of Mr. Clive ; on which the Conservatives de- appointed Vico-President of the Board of Education, manded a poll, tho result of -which we have not yet re- Loxd Palmebbton corrected an error he had mad« on was obliged to present himsolf again before his Tuesday evening Hertford ceived. with respect to the convention of De- constituents, by whom ho -was re-elected without oppo- cember, 1864t, between Mr. Hope Johnston was on Thursday elected without Franco and Austria. He believed sition on Monday. In addressing tho electors, ho spoke on that evening, and he so stated, that the convention opposition for the county of Dumfries, vacant by the re- had never been si against the income-tax as at present levied, bu t added signation of Lord Drumlanrrig, consequent upon the gned ; but he had since discovered that that he thought it possessed this excellency, that it it had been signed. However, as Austria never declared death of his father, the Marquis of Quecnsberry. Mr. war with Russia enables Government to tax a man in proportion to tho Johnston represented the county previous to 1847. On , it became a dead letter.—This expla- amount of revenue he possesses. nation gave occasion to aomo remarks b tho same day, tho Hon. Stuart Wortley, her Maj esty's y Mr. Disraeli, Tho Southampton election, caused by tho vacancy Uitte, in which he asserted the substantial accuracy of -what Solicitor-General, was re-elected for the county of ho had orlgbaaUy aaid arising out of tho elevation of Sir Alexander Cockburn without opposition. , and taunted the Government to tho Chief Justiceshi wltb bomg obliged, bit by bit p of fli« Common Pleas, took placo Mr. Irewen has resigned the contest for North Leices- , to admit that accuracy. on Monday and Tuesday. Tho candidates wore—Sir Ho also. denied that the convention waa a dead letter: it tershire. waa still active, there being in Edward Butler (Conservative), Mr. Andrews and Mr. truth no limitation to its Woguelin (Liberals). For a short time on tho nomina- powors.—Lord Palmbkston retorted with some warmth SCHEMA that Mr. Disraeli waa striving in tion day (Monday), there was a fourth candidate in tho THE MANCHESTER EDUCATION vain to cover an igno- person of a Mr. Carden, who appears to have been a kind A punuc Pree Trade Hall, minious retreat. No auch « treaty" aa had meeting was hold in tho boon spoken of dummy put forward by t-wo of Mr. Woguolin'a com- Munchostor , on tbo evening of Friday week, convened of ww in existence, as far as the Governm ent knew ; and vre had only agreed with mittee men. But, fi ndin g tha t only twelve poraons hold by the General Committeo of Education in Mnn<:l> oH(cr , not " inatigated" or " ad- up their ommittee, viaod," tho convention in question. hands for him, ho retired from the contest. and Salford. Mr. T. Bazloy, chairmim of tho c The hands wero decidedly in favour of Mr. Andrews, presided , and thero wero present tho Right Hon. Sir ¦»• m< PUBLIC J USTICE. who >>• vo< tliat »™ address bo was declarod by tho Mayor to bo elected by that S. Pnkington, Sir J. P. Kay Slmttloworth , Mcbsvh. uJlii^T™* ? \ presented to rnodo of popular suffrage. A poll was then demanded It. Wood, J. A. Nicholln, 1>. Maudo , T. Clegg, >v - hot Majesty, praying that aho will bo pleased otner into considoration to take on behalf of Mr. Wcguolin and of Sir Edward Butlor. Entwinlc , tho Kov. Canon Kichson, and many , as an urgent meaaure of adminiBtra- The polling commenced clock ou Tuesday tWo reform , tbe formation of at eight o-' gontlomen of influence. a aoparato and responsible morning. Most of tho shops wore closed ; n groat deal Tho tho proceedings department for tho affaira of public Chairman having briefly opened justice—Having on- of oxcitornont prevailed, and party feeling ran high, tho by pointing out tbo immediate necessity which existed Febrtjaby ' 14, 1857.] TH-E'LEADBR; 149 for the settlement of this great national question. Mr* A man who together with , his wife, was arrested a estimated income was 1,200,000?., and was in excess of B. W. Smiles, the secretary, read a large number of few days ago at Coggeshall, Essex, under suspicion the expenditure. The letters which had been received from Customs' revenue was in a pro- members of Parlia- of their stealing- some silk from their employers, sud- sperous condition, a highly favourable ment and friends of educat^n, and among them two denl change having set y staggered and fell down dead as he -was about to in during the last six months. The accounts from Lord Stanley and Mr. Cobden , which expressed be removed in custod from the y. The wife has since been exa- gold-fields are of the usual prosperous character. At hearty concurrence in the objects of the meeting, and mined, and admitted to bail. The man had been suffer- Horley River, however regretted that previous engagem , a sad catastrophe has occurred, ents placed it beyond ing some time from disease of the heart ; and the inquest five Scotchmen having been buried their power to aid the cause with their presence alive by the earth on that has terminated in a verdict of Natural Death. falling in upon them as they were working occasion. A lamentable a tunnel. occurrence has taken place in the Lord Melbourne and its vicinity have been visited by a wind Mr. William Entwisle moved the first resolution, Effingham Saloon, Whitechapel-road. Mr- Abrahams, and sand storm surpassing in intensity ¦which ran thus :— That, althoug any which had " h Parliament, by the landlord, and his wife, with several other persons, been previously experienced in the colony. Considerable allowing: the capitation gTants of the Committee of were sitting together in the kitchen, when a large quan- damage was occasioned by it. Council on Education, has affir med the necessity of tity of brickwork fell into the room through the roof, In addition to the tragedies in the 40th Regiment, additional efforts to extend and improve national educa- which was then undergoing repair. Mrs. Abrahams and stationed at Melbourne, which we related a tion, and has sanctioned the princi fortnight ple of making direct a female friend both received some severe contusions on ago, some other lamentable events have taken place at payments out of the public funds in aid of the education the head from the falling matter, and were otherwise the same settlement. of children according to their A police-sergeant, named M'Nally, school attendance, it is the seriousl y injured. Two -workmen who were employed on has been shot dead in endeavouring to secure a desperate opinion of this meeting that the provisions of the the roof at the time, laying down a leaden gutter, were Committee of Council bushranger ; and another policeman, named Moore, who on Education are not adequate to precipitated downwards, a distance of sixteen feet, on to was assisting him the national wants and tha in , was wounded at the same time. A , t granting direct aid for the lower dwellings, by the falling in of the upper part much worse business educational purposes the amount of , however, took place among some such aid, the schools of the high wall and some of the slatework of the roof- of the convicts confined on board the hulks at Williams- to which it should apply, and the specific conditions upon The four sufferers were immediately removed to one of town. One of these convicts is a man named Melville, which it should be granted, ought not to be left, as now, the bedrooms they were all in a fri gh f l conditio ing, 5 t u n, alias Smith. He is a notorious ruffian ; but, by affect- to the vary minutes of the Committee of Council, bleeding profusely from the injuries they had received. ing but should be determined by an act of P a great deal of religious fervour, he obtained a re- arliament ; and mission of his sentence that for the obtaining of such an act the friends , 5n the form of removal from the of hulk No. 1, the President, where the discipline is the national education ought to combine and make the moat STANISLAUS WORCELL. efforts. most severe, to No. 2, the Success, where there is more strenuous " The Rev. Canon Richson remarked On the 9th of this month the last honours were paid indulgence. A upon the inaccuracy of those educational gang of the prisoners had been on shore statistics to the remains of the lamented Polish exile, Stanislaus at "Williamstown, to break stones which are commonly quoted by the advocates of the , and; about five in the Wokceix, by a deputation of the proscribed patriots of evening, fifty of thent were ordered into a launch, to be voluntary principle as proving that education has made France, Germany, Poland, and Italy. An eloquent and within the towed back to the ship. A small boat, manned by four great progress last forty years. The speaker affecting address was delivered over the grave of the de- men, refractory sailors condemned by contended, on the contrary, that allowing the magistrates, for increase of parted exile by M. Ledru Roitjn, who exhorted his was at tached by a rope to the launch ; and by hauling population, the ratio of school attendance in that period proscribed brethren to derive courage and consolation on this rope the convicts in the launch brought the has decreased from one in. ten to one in thirteen. boat He con- from, the noble memory and example of departed virtue nearer to them. Owen, one of the boatmen, called for cluded by moving a resolution embodying these views, rather than despair from the passing triumphs of vic- help, and Jackson, shiplceeper of and urging the necessity of leg one of the hulks, rushed islative interference. Mr. J. torious crime. M. Ledru Rollin spoke -with generous for ward through the convicts in the launch, A. NicTiolls moved, and Mr. C. E. Cowley but was in- seconded, tie emotion of the antique honour, the inflexible austeritv, stantly thrown overboard by Melville. He swam back, third resolution, which w as to the effect that all parlia- the brave-hearted simplicity, and the unostentatious ab- but Melville held him for a time under water. Another mentary grants should he defrayed out of local rates negation of Stanislaus Worcell, who, born in the lap of of the seameu was also thrown overboard, and his brains and administered by local authorities, elected by and opulence and luxury, had sacrificed wealth, rank, posses- were beaten out by one of the convicts. Several more out of the ratepayers. Sir J. P. Kay Shuttle worth sions, the favour of princes, and even family affections, seamen were thrown into the water, but they were ulti- made a speech in which he supported the views con- to devote his energies unreservedly to the great cause of mately saved, as was Jackson. One of the convicts tained in this resolution; and the Iiev. Dr. M'Kerrow* freedom and humanity. M. ledru Rollin concluded jumped out of the small boat and was drowned. The moved the fourth resolution:—" That although, in the with a stirring appeal to the united devotion of all who rest cut the tow-rope, and put out to sea, Melville opinion of this meeting, i t would be unjust in adminis- desired the same end—however they might differ about standing up as he passed the las t hulk, and exclaiming, tering any local rate, in aid of the schools built l>y the means—to the common cause, whicli was nothing as he kissed his hand, " Adie u , Tictoria, at last !" But voluntary effort, to interfere with the management, dis- more nor less than the elevation and happiness of the he was doomed to disappointment. Shots were fired cipline, instruction, or inspection of such schools, other- human race. from the hulks at the fugitives, and one was killed and wise than to secure the specific objects of such aid, yet another wounded. A boat from ' the hulks, and a water- it wouldof be equally uinnjust to disregardto the conscientious police boat, gave swift pursuit and the i^Untn parents respect the religious education STATE OF TRADE. , convicts were of their chnhrcnrt, overtaken after going about eight hundred yards. Mel- <« of th.e ratepayers in respect to their The general reports from the manufacturing towns ville says he knew that paying for forms of religion to which they object ; there- the odds were as nine to one throughout the kingdom continue to show h steady against him : but be is tired of life fore this meeting considers that the only requirement trade , but on the average , and so determined there har been less animation to run the risk. All the fugitives (nine in number) will pertaining to instruction which, as a condition of re- during the week ending last .Saturday than for some ceiving such local aid be tried for the murder of the seaman whose brains were , ought to be demanded, is a pre- time previously. At Manchester, the demand has fceen beaten out. scribed amount of secular instruction ; and that the reli- dull , and rather lower rates have been accepted, the gious instruction ought to be left to be superadded, or state of the Liverpool cotton-market still inducing great otherwise, at the discretion of the school managers, but caution. The Birmingham report describes no alteration AMERICA. that no child ought to he compelled to learn a distinctive in iron. The tone, however, is rather less firm . At The question with respect to the alleged corruption of religious formulary to which his parent conscientiously Nottingham, there ha3 been an unuusually large busi- some of the membra of objects. the Washington Legislature con- " ness in lace, and the transactions in- hosiery have like- tinues to be the chief topic of conversation In seconding this resolution in the United _ , Sir Joh n Pakington vin- wise been satisfactory. In the woollen districts, prices States at the present time. Mr. Simonton , the corre- dicated the advocates of secular education from the are well maintained, and employment has been general, sponden t of the New York Times charge of wishing to encourage , who made the original infidelity, and said he although scarcely so active as during; the preceding accusations , has been placed under arrest by the House believed them when they stated that all they wanted to week or two.— 1'imes. of Representatives, for refusing: do was to separate the to disclose to the Com- inculcation of religious doctrine About two hundred and fifty colliers liave turned out mittee of Inquiry the names of the persons who commu- from the tuition of the intellect. Still, he thought these at Silverdale, in North Staffordshir e, for an advance nicated to him gentlemen of the facts on which he based his accusa- did not sufficiently consider that the kind of wages. They ask for the retu rn of 6d. a day which was tion. His refusal ho explains b homes from which the poorer y saying that it would be classes come are hardly taken off some few months back, when the price of iron a breach of trust to mention the names the places where religion is likel of his infor- y to be taught. He was lowered in that district, the price having sin ce then mants. On being arrested , he gave notice to the Ser- added:—" Previous to his visit to Manchester in No- risen again. The turn-outs have held several jcant-at-Arms of an action vember meetings, for false imprisonment, and a , he received a communication from that distin- and with the men of one colliery arrangements are said writ of habeas corpus was to have been app guish ed man to whom reference lied for to test had already been made to have been made ; but the rest refuse to go down the the power of the House to keep in custod y a prisoner for —lie meant Mr. Cobden—suggesting to him, as ho pits again unless their wages nre at once raised ins ead contempt ; but the House would , t an and died .in about ten This Tribun al of sons in the cafes-and bi^iard^rooms near the passed, was seized with croup, trial of the twenty-five men charged with belonging to Teat in dreadful -agony. Fiorentini. The King remains Bhut up at Casert ° minutes a secret society. Fifteen were found;guilty, and sen- closely guarded by soldiery ; , Af lefcter from .one -of .an 1 English, party of emigrants to but he can no Ion™ Kansas, tenced to -fines, various terms of imprisonment, and in- depend upon the army, which:is deeply penetrated the Mormon territory, dated iLevenworth City, for a certain number of years; Twitj account terdiction the remaining a revolutionary feeling. Several soldiers have and published'in a Leeds paper, gives a pitiable acquitted.—The same tribunal lias acquitted recenfi and still more of the tea were been arrested, and not a day passes without of the -sufferings of the men, the proprietors, editors, >&,c , of theHevue-de ParisXyvhicli fW ¦women settlement. They had to seizures among them. .The entire regiment .of , tte , in passing to their • lias been suspended for ian article offensive to tlie ; King battalion of Cacciatori thir l ¦walk: «nd imany:of them -were knocked up, and died. was put under: arrest on tha27tl condition than of Prussia) of a charge of publishing the commencement ult. A proclamation.and abiography of "Walker is reported to be in a better of a romance antagonistic to public morality and . Mfonoju-e.said able-bodied men -at liivas, well " re- to be circulating among the arroy. The Government ever, and to have 1200 ligion." The story is by M. Flaubert, ay- v Archbishop of Chalcedoine ; and this speech the journals the bell-tinkling horses ; but the cold - soon became too kThe Grand Duke Michael of Russia arrived at Turin Arctic for that sport, and every one who could possibly have been ordered not to report, nor, indeed, aiiy of the on the 5th inst. The Duke TSras to leave the following get in doors did so. Business has been greatly reduced proceedings. In the state of the public roind arising out day for Genoa, whence he-would return, to .Russia. in consequence ; railway traffic " fcrna time was stopped ; of Terger's stifled and imperfectly heard denunciations :Prince Orsini has been elevated to the rank «f:Sena- passengers were snowed up; the New York streets have of the higher orders of the clergy, the attack in question tore (fi rst magistrate) of Rome, with a pension of ten been turned into avenues of ice ; dnd at the latest dates -would no doubt have a powerful effect. But these un- thousand crowns. The. post is said to be a mere liveried there ivas no prospect of a thaw. The shipping has natural repressions -svill of course exacerbate the final nonentity ; and all the other Eomaii.J?rince3 have.re- and inevitable disclosures. fused.to accept it. suffered horribly. ¦ " Advices from Paris," says the Times City Article, . . . • SPAIN. . . . ' Wednesday, mentio ha he ou her of " n t t t S t n France A democratic conspiracy at Barcelona has been Railway will be opened throughout from Bordeaux to dis- THE ORIENT. covered. It was on the ev« of breaking out -svhen the Cette early in March—an event of considerable import- authorities seized those who were implicated. INDIA. ance to commerce. Cette the second French or of the , p t The proposed journey of the Queen, southwards : ha; A corr of a letter addressed by the "Directors of the Mediterranean, will thus be within twelve hours of Bor- been definitively abandoned. East India Company to the Governor-General of India deaux, and the transit between- the two seas, which has on the LOth of December, i8£> 6, on the question of Oude, already become important by -means of the lateral canal TURKEY. has just been published. The Directors regard with of the Garonne, will bein a condition to receive its full The Commissioners for the .' Damibian Principalities just complacency the acquisition of a territory of development. The distance between the mouth of the had an audience of leave of the Sultan on the 24th ult. nearly 25,000 square miles, and con taining 5,000,000 British Channel and Marseilles will be diminished from It was a private interview, and consisted simply of cer- inhabitants, " without the expenditure of a drop of blood, 2100 miles to 7G 0, and Malta will be practically nearer tain formalities. and almost without a murmur." The Directors approve for goods and passengers by 830 miles. Such, an eco- Some intelligence from Constantinople is contained the amount fixed for the annual stipend of the ex-King nomy of distance , it is contended, will lie a compensation in a communication from Marseilles, which says:—".A of Oude—viz., twelve lacs of rupees. They are unani- for the transhipment of goods at the termini of the despatch from Vienna has been addressed to the Otto- mously of opinion, that it is not advisable to perpetuate railway, since the saving of time will be even . greater man Porte, announcing that Moldavia and "Wallachia or to prolong the tenure of the royal title, which will ac- in proportion than that of distance, and vessels can will be evacuated by the Austrian troops before the-24th cordingly die a natural death with the present titular freight goods at London or Liverpool, destined for Bor- of March. The Turkish troops are not to cross the sovereign,- Wajid Ali Shah ; at all events, do promise deaux, Marseilles, southern Switzerland, or the ports Danube before the departure The royal descendants of the Austrians. Th. has been made to the contrary. , of the Mediterranean. Bordeaux and Cette are also ex- union of the Principalities gains ground : •i«- .-rlvl-li~" al'' however, will enjoy a certain stipend, as the twelve pected to become important entrepots for the wool trade proved by the majority of the MnH» -»-*uiachiau Divans lacs of rupees settled on the ex-king will descend as of Spain as soon as the Spanish railways shall nave been Tho Ottoman Porte at present confines itself to the re- an hereditary grant. The young princes are to be completed to Bayonne." jection of the nomination of a foreign prince to govern trained and educated so as to become " useful citizens ;" The Ottoman Ambassador at Paris is said to have the united provinces. The Porte is about to take pos- and it is suggested that the family may be made " jag- asked for informatio n on the subject of the article in session of the delta formed by the mouths of the Danube. heerdars," so as to prevent them from sinking into de- the Monitcur on the union of the Danubian Principalities. The Porte, considering as illegal the sentence of exile graded Iiabits of life. The payment of the arrears due The answer was v ague. The Austrian representative pronounced by the Hospodars, permits the exiled to re- to the army of Oude is approved. The conduct of the has also, it is reported, asked for an explanation. turn to the Moldo-Wallachian territory, their country. Governor-General of India, and of Sir James Outram, Paris, it is said, is now definitively named as the place The brother of the Khan of Khiva has offered his alliance i3 warmly commended by the Directors.—Times. of meeting of the Conferences on tbe Neufchatel ques- to the Shah of Persia. Great "embankments are pro- tion, and the time of meeting will be the beginning of FBUSIA. jected on the'Euphrates. The plan has been sent to next month. London. The Arabs are troublesome in that country." General Buhlai (says a despatch from Marseilles) has A commission has just been appointed to examine Turkey is making fresh endeavours for self-reforma- been sent to the theatre of war, but he has left Herat thoroughly the question of tho currency. The principal tion. Some conferences of Ministers have taken place and Candahar in a good state of defence. The Persians members arc—MM. Michel Chevalier, de Furicu, do at Constantinople, with a view to for ming a commission are very much excited by the English invasion. A Boinvillicrs, Guiilefroy, and other Councillors of State, of six members and a president, who are to study the ex- great agitation prevails in the Province of Ourraiha- tegother with MM. Schneider, Loroux, and soveral mem- isting abuses and corruptions in the state, and to propose Confirmation lias been received of a revolt at Maraca. bers of the Senate-and Legislative B-ody. Tlie commis- a plan by which they may be remedied. The first sub- The insurgents sacked the town. Fifteen English . ships sion has .the right to examine witnesses.—Times. Paris • ject to be considered is the administration of the pro- were anchored "before Bender-Abbas.—It is now stated Correspondent vinces in all the great departm ents of government. that tlic Shah, so far from yielding, has^proclaimed " a AUSTMA. When the commission shall have elaborated a plan of .holy war agai s the nglish. " n t E King Maximilian of Bavaria has arrived at Milai* on provincial administration, it will first bo tried in one The 2'clteran Gazette of the 2Gth Rab y-cl-thany (21th a visit to the Emperor. It was at first expected that he particular province—; probably Broussa or Adrianoplc, of December) publishes an explanatory reply to the was about to visit the King of Sardinia at Turin ; bu t he as being, near to the seat of government; and if it suc- English declaration of war issued from Calcutta on the appears to have abandoned that intention—a change ceed, it will bo generally adopted. 1st of November. We have discussed tho chief state- which has excited several comments- ments and arguments contained in this document in The Credit Bunk of Vienna has resolved to establish RUSSIA. another column. branch banks at Pesth, Leniberg, Prague, and Brunn. It is stated that very warlike preparations arc being CHINA. Tho sudden arrival in Vienna , at this cold season of made by Russia in connexion Avith the present state of . Some particulars of the recent hostile operations the year, of Coun t Rudolph A ppony, from London, lias things in tho Caucasus and Persia. The writer of the against Canton are given by tho writer of a lcttor which cnu.-sod somo political gossip as to the probability of the letter which conveys this information says that there is no appears in tho Moniteur de la FlotJe, of Paris. It would relations between Austria and England being made " still truth in the assertion that Russia is endeavouring to re- hero eeenv.tuat the damage sustained by our foreign mer- more intimate." establish her position in tho Black Sea. On tho con- chants, in tho course of the bombarding has been greatly ITALY. trary, the term , " Russian fleet in the Black Sea," has exaggerated, though at thu best it was considerable, Tho correspondent of a German paper says that the is replaced . being augmented been erased from tho Imperial Almanac, an d by .an irruption of eomo of tho thieves pro-legate at Bologna, Cardinal Yialo Prola, whose by that of " But that ma}' and ruffians who belong to " Flotilla of the Black Sou. tho floating population. rigorous administration has discontented tlio inhabitants be part of. a ' dodge.' Tlioao fellows. Logan pillaging right and left ; and itwa» of tho Legations, was somo tune back assailed by tho foiuul necessary to throw some shells among thorn. population, whilst driving out, with showers of apples Till': DANU1JIAN 1'ltINCir/AI jITIBfl. . Tbo oaptiumof-alfronch frigate,aeui -a detachment of his and stones. Ho escaped with dilHculty, and lias since Tho Wnllaehinn Minister of 1'inanco has been dti- men on shore with four light howitzers, which completed fallen ill from tbo eflecta of tho attack. Tho Austrian n pntchoil to Paris and London , in order to form a'1 tho brigands* discomfiture ; but they had already set Gazette however attributes hirt indisposition to A ust ro-Anglo-French Company, with tho -v irnv of com- several ploces on fire, , , inflam- — The Frenoh have b«on making mation of the lungs. For n long time past , the Car- mencing u railroad bot-ween tbo AValluchian frontier), some vigorous hostile demonstrations against tbo city of dinal' bordering on Transy Tlio MiniBtcr Touianno s decreed wore regularly torn down in tho nigh t l>y lvaiuu, and llustchuk. , in Cochin China. The authorities had con- the population. in reported to liavo hud but ill s-ueceas with tho I'roncli temptuously rejected a letter presented to them by tho Several political trials ending capitalists. captain of the corvotto , in conv ictions, have Ontinat. Thereupon , tho French taken pluco (i HUM ANY. entered tho town, spiked at Koine. Dr. Itipaui, of Cruinonu , who tho cannon , wotted tho giui- wna Ronio time-ago sentenced to hard labour for twenty Tho cattlo f ew years has powuer, and returned untouched ; ,the result discaso which for tho last being that years, Una been pardoned at tlio instance of the Fiunch manifested irsolf in various parts of Russia , threaten* to tho authorities made tho most humble apologies , auod Government, which claimed him. lie wnn phywiciau to spread into Germany. Tho recent ravages of the disease for pardon , and carried tut rejected letter with 'great Garibnldi' powp to tho, capital. a legion , and after tho fall of Koine he remained in Russia hav e betm a chief cause in the lato advaiu:c under the protection of tho IVcnch. of tlie tallow market. r iBB-BBttAJLY 1ft ,. 1857-] THE IiEADEOR,. 151 tity of plate belonging to his master, -was sentenced to pantomime. The offer was accepted by the chairman' of o u:r civilization.' twelve months' hard labour. ¦ the Union ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ , subject - ¦ » to the approval of the board. ' , . ' It Outrage by Soldiers at the Chatham Post- would seem that the children office. singularl were sent on their way-to ADULTERY. —-A y audacious outrage was committed the theatre before that approval was obtained ; where- •An action for criminal conversation -which was brought early on Saturday morning at Chatham post-office. upon, the guardians met in hot haste, and resolv IN"ear one o'clock, a.m., Mr. Dadd, the postmaster was ed (by •in the 'Conrt of Common Pleas last Saturday- caused , a bare majority of one) not to sanction the chairman's considerable interest, not only on account of the main attending to his duties consequent on the arrival of the permission. A messenger was mail bags from Sheerness and Sittingbo-ume then sent after the facts, bat by leason of the defence •which was set up. , when he children, and they were actually brought back when on The plaintiff toss /'Captain. Ling-, of the 14th Light heard a great uproar in the office lobby. Going out, he the very threshold of fairyland. Some lines referring to "Dt&goons, now thirty-three years of age. In July, found several soldiers attacking a sailor. Mr. Dadd this shabby and heartless piece of tyrannv, and strongly £849, he married, at Lahore, in lndiai a daughter of Sir pulled the man into the office ; but the next moment the condemning it, have since been introduced into the pan- John littler, the distinguished Indian officer. The latter fell lifeless to the floor. The soldiers then aimed tomime, and are received every night with loud ap- young lady was then only eighteen. As long as they a blow with some heavy instrument at the head of Mr. plause. ¦-remained m India, the couple continued on terms of great Dadd ; and this, passing through the glass door leading A Lamentable Tale.—A widow, named Allsopp, affection ; but a change seems to have arisen on the into the lobby, inflicted serious injuries on the postmaster. has made an application to Mr. Broughton, theMarylebone passage home of Captain and Mrs. Ling in the course of The office was speedily burBt into by the soldiers, who magistrate, for assistance. . She is ill and. unable tn pam ¦the -summer of 1855. One of the passengers in the prepared for a formidable attack ; but Mr. Dadd took a living. Three of her sons, who were in the army, vessel -was Captain (afterwards Major) Croker, a- gentle- iip a sword, and kept them at bay for some time, though were killed in India ; two more in the Crimea. In her man of fifty years of age, and the defendant in the pre- lie was continually pelted with stones. The driver of letter she adds :¦— " I am now a "poor, destitute widow, sent action, and it would seem that an intimacy sprang the mail cart, who was outside, came up to assist Mr. the granddaughter of a general, and the daughter ofa up between him. and Mrs. Ling, though the lady was Dadd, but very soon had his head cut open by a blow captain, all slain for England's glory. My husband was near her confinement, and was actually delivered of a from the brass end of one of the soldiers' waist-belts. an officer, bat he had to sell his commission to pay his child during the voyage. After their arrival in Eng- Some of Mr. Dadd's relations and other persons, on run- debts, which deprived him of a pension at his death. land, Captain Ling obtained a commission in tlie corps ning up to the rescue, were also attacked by the mili- Since the death of my husband and 'Of'Bashi-Bazouks and left tary, who fought their way out the loss of my poor ¦ , , in December, 1855 , for the of the office , and, after children, I never received a shilling from Government. Crimea, where he remained, till the latter part of last committing some further depredations, made off. The Worthy Sir postmaste , that is the thanks I received for bringing •year. His wife and children stayed at the seat of the r, although suffering severely from his wounds, up five beautiful young men to be slain. Indeed, Mr. -wife's parents, Sir John and Lady Littler, at Bigadon, went at once to the residence of Colonel Eden, the com- Broughton, mandant of the garrison I received more relief at your hands than ' I tMjar Totness, Devonshire. Here it was presently disco- , and gave information. Active have received of any, -unless what little the workhouse "\nered by-Lady Littler that her daughter, Mrs. Ling, measures were immediately taken to arrest the offenders, allows me to pay and a court- martial has since for my lodgings." An application for carried on an active correspondence with Major Croker. been held, the result of assistance which she made to Prince Albert failed of suc- Tisdy Littler then requested her daughter to leave Bi- which is not yet known. • cess. Mr. Broughton Legal Oppression at Torquay. expressed his gTeat commiseration, gadon., which she did, and took up her residence at Cor- —Great indignation and gave the poor woman seven shillings from the poor- sand, near Plymouth. Shortly after she left Bigadon, is felt at Torquay at the condemnation to imprisonment box. Subscriptions have since been sent in for her. a letter for her came from Major Groker. This was for ten days of a boy, nine years old, for throwing stones Manslaughter.—Edwin Hammond a in the streets. The boy s father , well-dressed opened by Lady Littler, and was found to confirm the ' , who is a working cabi- man, is in custody, and under remand at Clerkenwell, on suspicions already entertained. At Corsand, and after- net maker, could not pay the line of five shillings, and a charge of causing the death of Richard Cotterell by "wards at London, the criminal familiarity between Mrs. so the boy was sent to the county gaol, and the father striking- him in the was condemned to pay another two shillings. The course of a drunken quarrel. I/ing and Captain Croker continued, the lady sending to Go- Another man, who was charged with participation, has her mother's her infant child ; and, in the course of last vernor of the prison, touched by the hardness of the been set at liberty, there being no case against him. December, the couple were discovered, after great exer- punishment (for the boy seems to he a very inoffensive Cruelty to a Gikl.—A Mrs. Martin, the wife of a tions "by the friends of Captain Ling, living as man and and respectable child), has taken peculiar care of the farmer in Lincolnshire wife, under an assumed name, at AUsopp-terrace, New- juvenile culpri t. , her man servant, and a farm lad, road. Further Respite of Mansell. The Governor of have been charged with gross cruelty to Eliza Tait, a — female servant. On one or two occasions, The defence was that Captain Ling permitted, and Maidstone Gaol has received from the Home-office a she was beaten further respite for the convict Mansell uutil the 11th of very indecently, and last Saturday week the man held even encouraged the intimacy of Major Croker with his ¦ ¦ " ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ • her while naked,on to a grindstone "Wife on their passage to England ; that he afterwards Mav. . . , while the hoy turned the handle, so that a great deal of the skin was torn off", directed his wife to keep up a correspondence with the The Case of Joikst Markiiam.—The jury who tried Mrs. Martin was Major ; that he corrupted her mind l>y letters full of the the poor man Markham, .wh o was wrongfully convicted standing by at the time, and she laughed of forgery some time since, have addressed a memorial at the poor girl's shrieks. The latter ran home as soon most lieentiotia suggestions and language ; and that as she could get away, finall5' he offered to allow her to live with whom she to the presiding Judge of the next session of the Central and was immediately put under 1 8®1 upon Criminal Court, setting forth their sorrow for the mis- the hands of a doctor. The Bench fined the woman 5?., it*? * * condition that she and lier lover should pay the man servant 31. 153. him ooOL -ftome^ the Captain's letters were read in take they committed, which , however, they think was Gd ,, and the boy 11. 5s. 6d., in- court ; portions of them, however, Tfere too maeceat for unavoidable on the evidence adduced. ; expressing their cluding- costs. The indignation of the persons in and publication. The reply to this defence was that the hope that liia innocence will be proclaimed in open around the court was so great, that Mrs. Martin was letters were forged ; but no proof with respect to them court ; ' and begging that his Lordsh ip will use liia in- escorted to the lock-up by the police, the people yelling was offered , either to prove their authenticity or the re- fluence to get him a permanent situation.—A sum of up- and hooting after her, and threatening to duck her in verse. Mr. Justice "VVilles said that, if the jury re- wards of 150/. has been collected for Markham. the river.—Mr. John Walker, a haberdasher in Shaftes- garded them as authentic, the verdict must be for the I he Alleged Poisoning- at Stamford.—The body bury-street, New ltoad , is -under remand at Worship- defendant of Mrs. Ann Bacon mother of the man Bacon street, charged, at the instance of the parish, with cruelly , as the letters amounted to leave and license. , who is ill-treating The jury, however, found for the plaintiff ; damages, now in custody on a charge of killing his children, was his niece, an orphan child, eight years of 10007. A question with respect to giving up the letters exhumed on Friday week from the churchyard at Great age. According to the evidence already brought for- Stamford , in order that the body mig ward, the child was repeatedly and unmercifully beaten, to the plaintiff was left for the Judge's ulterior decision. ht be examined in half-starved Sir Frederick Thesiger, counsel for the plaintiff, and pursuance of the inquiry now being made into tho cause , kept with insufficient clothing, and confined of her death. The abdomen and viscera in an underground wash-house. Bail was accepted for Mt. Edwin James, counsel for the defendant, both , with their con- the man alluded to the disgraceful state of the English law, tents, having been removed, the bod y was again com- 's future appearance. lie has been receiving Which allows of actions for money compensation for mitted to the earth , and the inquest was held. Mrs. parish relief, though it appears that he is possessed of adultery to he brought. Bacon died in the May of 1855, being seized with a property. mortal sickness shortly after eating of some - broth into Tins Frauds ox the City Basics.—The final exa- Alleged Embezzlement. —William Iloltaway, an which it is suspected Bacon , her son, put arsenic. It mination of Anderson and Saward took place on Wed- elderly man who had boon brought up once or twice at appeared from the evidence that Bacon had previously nesday, when the Lord Mayor committed them for trial. Guildhall on a charge of embezzling 1100/. fro m his purchased arsenic of a druggist, saying ho wanted to kill The convict Salt llardwicke, in giving his evidence, as- employers, Messrs. Hyde and Co., stationers in Fleet- rats, lie had sent a boy, a day or two before, to another serted that he was innocent of the robbery for which lie streai, was discharged last Saturday by Alderman chemist's for arsenic, on pretence of wanting it to harden was transported. lie added:—" It was always part of Cubvtt, who remarked that the accused's first doiiciencies iron, but it was refused ; on which Bacon said to the my scheme to represent myself as a respectable man. I had;fceen regarded as a debt by the Messrs. Hyde, and messenger, "Oli , never mind ! I'll get it myself." One represented myself n« a colonial trader, and I was one. -I -the same rule must be .applied to the whole affair.— of tho witnesses gave the subjoined particulars of what had land in Australia. I was not in En^Iund when David Thomas Sadler, a commercial traveller in the happened on the day of the death:— " Thomas (the Murkliain was tried. When I heard that he hud been ¦employ of Messrs. Crowder and G-arrod, has also been prisoner) was continually in the houso during the Tues- innocentl y convicted , Anderson, Saward, Attwell, a nmu discharged at the same oflice from an accusation of em- day, and was present when, his mollier diod. Her son named Thomas Smith, and myself, met and subscribed a bezzling 400?. belonging to his employers. Tho evidence William Bacon , his wife, and Mrs. Scholes, were also sovereign each for his wife. The 51. was given to Att- -against him was not sulHciont to warrant his detention. present. There was a little dispute between tho two well to loave for her at a imblic-hoiise, the landlord of Cbntkal Criminal Counr.—Joshua Gordon , a man brothers about deceased's rent-book. This took phicR which has .since told me that he guvc her the- money. I who gets his living by singing at public-housed, has while the mother was dying. Mrs. Scholes ' hushed reasoned with Anderson for not trying to get Mark- bean tried on.a charge of endeavouring to prevont a boy thorn,' and said their mother could h oar if slit) could not ham. acquitted , upon which Saward said that ' that fr om giving ovidenco at the Middlesex Sessions in a, spank. Thomas had taken the rent-book out of the wouldn't do, as ho (Anderson) niiyht draw himself into oaso of robbory. jQordon. made tha boy drunk, and on- house. 1 hoard William Bacon 's wife tell Thomas that it.' (tfemulioH.) I knew Edward Agar (the approver deavourod to detain him until nftor the trial ; but he Ins mother had made n will. Uhomii s told mo that hi,s in the late bull ion robbery case) through Saward, with escaped, gave evidence At tho trial, and procured the brothers had hud their fortune. He did not know that whom I first became acquainted about twenty-live or conviction of tho accused. Tho jury found Gordon, his mother had made a widow's will, and Hcetnod quite twenty-six years ago. He was always known as ' Jora, O.uilty, and he-was sentenced to two months' imprison- surprised tlint she had done ho. He told me he expected the penman.' I do not want to make myself appear mont.—GcorgG Stoptoo, Thomas) Banks, and Charlo3 he should Liverpool solicitor commenced on Monday, when the iir.st persons tried woro of his employer. Tho proceed.-, ho dovotod to purehns- for tho Board of Trade, and iinod by tho magistrates Ing expansi John Murphy and George Porter, two very young men, ve articles. lie was Hontenced to four yearn' 20/., or in default to'bo imprisoned , with hard labour, for who were indicted for stealing a caah-box from tho bar peaal servitude.—Jamo3 Barber, who pleaded CJuilty to three months. an indictmen of a public-house in Wnpping, in tho mioard American mercantile vessels upon men who have Guilty ; and the same sentence was passed on Thomas the coach aud hearse were afterwards removed, but they been induced to serve as sailors. Of these men * y other vehicles of the same we read Leebridge (also a ticket-of-leave convict) for stealing a were speedily succeeded b —-" Some of them have been carried off by force or watch from the person.—Michael Cummins, a miserable- sort, which remained there for six days together ; and stratagem, leaving behind parents, wives, and children • lookmg youth, pleaded Guilty to stealing some beef from this caused such an obstruction in the roadway, that the others are enticed by the promise of good wages himself bound to summon Mr. Town- • and a shop. He said he did it through want, as he had been officer at last felt the great majority are turned away entirely destitute on three times on that day refused assistance at the work- ley. The undertaker stated to the magistrate that, in their arrival in England." The Society examined during house. It was stated in court that famishing creatures consequence of the road being under repair, he bad been the last year as many as seventy-nine cases, and since were constantly being.turned away from, the workhouse, unable for several days to obtain access to the stable- the beginning of the new year the cases have actually and being driven by starvation into theft. The prisoner yard in whi«h he kept his carriages, and was therefore amounted to twenty-seven. " It is on record," says the added that his parents were " too great a pair of drunk- compelled to leave them in the open street. He had, report, " that many have been offered work on board a ards" to help him ; ia fact, they had turned him out. however, made arrangements to prevent a recurrence of steamer in the river, or to unload ships, and are th.ua He was sentenced to twelve months' hard labour. the nuisance complained of. Mr. Hammill believed that prevailed upon to step into a small boat to be carried on Attempted Murder at Dartmoor Pbison\ — A Mr. Townley had not committed the act with any bad board, which leaves them as soon as they are put on the young man, nineteen years of age, a convict at Dartmoor intention, and therefore merely ordered him to pay the deck of the ship, where they are retained forcibly Prison, has made an attempt to murder one of the costs of the proceedings, without imposing any penalty. Among the applicants for relief there have been coopers warders by striking him on the head with a spade. It Two men named Mallan, alias Sykes and Paton, were carpenters, cooks, waiters, clerks, and surgeons, who have is but a short time since a similar crime was committed charged at the Westminster police-office, on Tuesday, been carried off in this nefarious way. The cruelties at the same place. with an astoundingly impudent attempt at cheating. which are practised upon these poor unprotected men on The Double Mueder at Waiavorth.—A further They went to the house of a Mr. Bannister, in Coleshill- board these ships would be incredible, had they not been examination of Bacon and his wife took place on Wed- street, Pinalico, and, intruding themselves into the of late frequently confirmed by the proceedings in the nesday, in connexion with the charge of child-murder, dining-room, were found there making themselves very Liverpool police court ; but unfortunately in redress for when the case against the man was strengthened by much at home, the former lounging upon the sofa, and these ferocious assaults, committed upon the high seas evidence showing his flurried and distraught mauner the the latter warming himself in an easy chair. On Mr. there is no practical remedy for these poor men on their day after the murder, and the contradictions which he Bannister's entrance, Paton, although a perfect stranger, arrival in this country. It has been proved in that made in speaking of himself in connexion with the affair. familiarly extended his hand, which Mr. Bannister, in court that on board the Ocean Monarch men have been Both prisoners were again remanded. the surprise of the moment, took ; but, on; recovering forced to draw with their teeth iron nails from the dec! Crime in the "West of Engla.ni>.—Accounts are himself, he said he 3iad not the pleasure of being ac- into which they had been driven for that purpose to tie received from the west of several outrages committed on quainted with either of them. Paton affected much depth of two inches ; that they had been compelled lite- the highways in Devonshire and Somersetshire. surprise that Mr. Bannister did not know him, and, rally to lick up the dust from the deck of the cabin flooT * * Honest Patjl's' Assistant. — Joseph William having introduced Mallan as a Crimean hero who had and at the inquest held upon a Dutchman who had be«n Hawes, an occasional assistant to Paul, who has been lost a leg, entreated Mr. Bannister's sympathy, and a beaten to death by the third mate and boatswain of tie found guilty of frauds on the City of London Union, has private interview. Mr. Bannister declined the inter- Guy Mannering, the surgeon who made the^ost morUm been committed for trial on a charge o>f forging receipts view, and told the men they had better be off. They examination deposed ' that the head presented an enor- for 2901. took him at his word, but had no sooner turned their mously contused mass, the face was completely battered "Workhouse Tyranny. — Four destitute young backs than he missed his silver spectacles from the in, and there were from seventy so eighty contused women were charged at Southwark with creating a room. He went in pursuit of the fellows, and collared wounds upon the feet, legs, thighs, and back.' The hos- disturbance outside the workhouse. They said they them, when Mallan dropped the spectacles, and both pitals of Liverpool record many instances of the lament- were starving, and had been turned out by the authori- were given into custody. It afterwards appeared that able condition in which the majority of these victims of ties. The magistrate discharged them, saying that the they had made similar attempts at other houses. They savage ferocity are brought in. . . . It is, however, conduct of the parish officers was very harsh, and were committed for trial. but justice to exonerate the majority of the captains from might have the effect of driving the young women to Some cases of cruelty to horses have come before the any participation in the actual ill-treatment. This has prostitution. magistrates this week, and been met with appropriate been generally practised by the mates, boatswains, aud Suspected Murder.—A man named Richard Smith, punishment. crews." who has been in custody for some weeks on suspicion of An action brought by a tailor in the Court of Ex- Shipwrecks.—The Anita steamer, belonging to the having caused the death of William Kieffe, a person em- chequer, on Tuesday, for the recovery of 107/., alleged Magdalena Steam Navigation Company, has been ployed at the Edinburgh Castle tavern at Peckham, has to be due for clothes supplied to a Mr. Propert, was wrecked off Moro Hermoso, which was some twenty been discharged, the evidence against him amounting to remarkable on account of an admission made by the miles to the south-east. Captain Hills, the commander, nothing more than that he iad given some contradic- plaintiff. The defendant pleaded u infancy," as he will saved himself by clinging to a cask and an oar ; and be tory accounts. The probability seems to be that the not be of age till next September ; to which it was re- and eleven more of the crow were taken off by. tb* man Kieffe lay down in the stables while drunk, and plied that the clothes were " necessaries." It came out, Estrella, another vessel belonging to th»-eo"it*a*jjr, winch that his brains were kicked out by a horse. however, that 13/. 13s. of the sum was money lent, but was pursuing the aame course. Twelve of the crew, charged as clothes, in order to deceive the young man's however, perished ; half of which number had formed father, a surgeon in New Cavendish-street. The Chief part of the crew of the Tay, which was lost a few GATHERINGS FROM THE LAW AND Baron expressed hirnself warmly as to " the gross and months ago in the Gulf of Mexico. The Anita left POLICE COURTS. abominable" nature of this fraud , which lie thought was Savanilla on the 23rd of December, for London. She A man who is described as a beershop-keeper in the worse than picking a pocket ; and he told the tailor that, had not been out more than two hours before a formi- neighbourhood of Whitechapel, but wlio is known to the had he obtained the money, he would have been liable dable leak was discovered ; a gale sprang up ; all efforts police as a bad character, lias been examined before the to fourteen years transportation. The young man was to reduce the in-pouring of the water failed ; the fur- Worship-street magistrate on a charge of being con- at college, and appears to have been very expensive in naces and boilers were speedily reached by the waves; cerned, with another man who has escaped, in attempt- his habits. Mr. Woulfe, the tailor, wrote some letters and, in five hours from the starting of the vessel, she ing to break into a house in the Mile-end-road. A to him, promising tliat, if he would introduce customers, foundered.—The Ravensbourne, London and Antwerp policeman came upon them while stealthily at work, be- he (Woulfe) " would not fail to return the compliment steamer, has been wrecked at Flushing, owing to a heavy tween five and six o'clock in the morning, on the street when Mr. Propert was in need of assistance." Ulti- sea staving in her bows.—The French barque Sally, door, and , with the assistance of another constable, he mately, however, finding he could not get his money, he bound fro m Bordeaux to Liverpool, has been wrecked succeeded in making one of them his prisoner. The man, threatened to arrcs* the young man on the day he was in Carnarvon Bay. Out of a crew of sixteen, only two when before the magistrate, asked whether it was not going to be examined at college ; and, in the" affidavit were saved. The vessel broke up in fifteen minutes after after six. o'clock in the morning wlien the occurrence sworn by Woulfo on this occasion, he stated that the she struck.—The Water Wj-vem yacht, the property of took place ; and he carefull y drew the magistrate's atten- sum of 107/. was far goods supplied. At this point, the James Edward Stopford, Esq., Vice- Commodore of the tion to the answer. The policemen said no ; it was be- Chief Baron ordered the plaintiff to remain in court till Royal Western Yacht Club of Ireland, and man aging fore that hour. Had they answered in the affirmative, the end of the case, and asked him if he was not aware director of tho Royal Irish Fisheries Company, is a total the offence would have been removed from the class ho had committed jierjury in that affidavit. He an- wreck. She was on a voyage from Dublin to Galway of burglaries, and made it a common attempt at robbery. swered that he was not. The arrest, it appeared , was Buy, but, striking on a reef of rocks to the westward of The man was committed for trial. prevented by some arrangement. A verdict was given Mutton Island, she went to pieces.—A Scotch cornmer- Alderman Wilson, at the Mansion House, has severely for tho defendant. ciul vessel, the Welaford , was wrecked at Cape Race on rebuked a police inspector for not allowing boys to pur- An action to recover GGl. 8s. has been brought in the Christinas-day, and all hands but the mate and two men sue their trade as shoeblacks in the space between the Court of Excheque r by a Mr. Simmonds, a silversmith , —in all, twenty-three persons— perished. The ship and Royal Exchange and Exchange-buildings. The officer against a Mr. Hughes, alias O'lveith, and Miss Emma cargo are totally lost. said the boys wore thieves, and assembled for dishonest Stanley, tho proprietors of the entertainment called Reductions at Woolwich.—A great many tem- purposes ; but the alderman replied that, if they were " The Seven Ages of Woman." Mr. Simmonda had porary clerks, employed in, the Government Department hindered in getting an honest livelihood , they were very fitted u|> tho room, and, after a large part was com- at Woolwich, are to bo dismissed. Some two thousand likely to become thieves. In the particular case in pleted, lie had to take tho things down and begin again, labourers and artisans are also to be discharged at question, a gentleman who was going to a dinner party because Miss Stanley said it would not do. Ono the end of March. Many of those persons who arc now employed a boy to black his boots. Ono boot was of the witnesses called was Mr. Joseph Stammers, engaged in the store branch of tho War Department, fini shed when tho police officer interfered , and the who said ho had been concerned in the specula- super- gentleman and who are advanced in life, are to retire on the was obliged to go to hia friend's house with tion, but that Miss Stanley did not pay anv one, annuation list. Reports, also, are current to the effect ono boot dirty and tho other cleaned—" which," ho sor- except a few trilling sums. Nobody was paid but that the majority of the artillery officers employed in rowfully pointed out to tho alderman, " made him look tho landlord, and ho stopped tho rent. Mr. Hughes superintending the departments of .Woolwich Arsenal perfectly ridiculous." The sympathetic magistrate and Miss Stanley, according to Mr. Stammers du- thought that , were arc to be superseded by civilians experienced in tlie made tho case worse against the inspector. living together an man and wife. " That ia rather ties of tho departments, the Bervicea of the military offi- A rather singular chargo wns brought forward at ungallant townrdd Worshi the Misa Stanley," said the Lord Chief cers having been demanded by tho Comman ¦ ¦» ^ MMHMM^^ ¦¦¦ ^ ¦¦¦ ^ ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦Mi 1 ThkT ilifi Tyne.A 5T.NE*—Attempts"" • -AfctGlTlTltfl areAfA stillH"fr"lll beingVkOi r *** madevna^A to4-f * raise*•«-*? f«i women¦nrnmnn to4-s *. their4-1+nt-— oppressed». n «-M«. nn .^I conditi.«. .-. JJx?on * , was held*__ij» on Mon-*• _ - fhe Tyne. day night at Exeter-hall. The Bishops of London Saeloks' Stbikb ax Hull.—The seamen of the port and Liandaff, Lord Shaftesbury, and Dr. Lankester, were (Ditto Cmraril. of Hull are now on strike for an advance of wages. ¦ among the speakers, and resolutions in accordance with —- ?—- ¦ . the objects of tbe meeting were unanimously carried. £IN THIS DEPARTM ENT , AS ALL OP1KIONS HOWEVER EXTJiKMK ATtKL The Wikdsor Castle Theatricals. —Mr. Charles tssx^^sr^i^Si *™^¦ • ™c^^r^'^* MISCELLANEOUS. Kean has written to say that, when the greater number BrasBXD, the Blacking Manufacturer. — This of the actors at a particular theatre are taken There is . no learned , man. but will confess he hath, away on mucn profited by reading controversies, bankrupt passed the Court last Saturday. The business one night, to perform at Windsor Castle, so as to cause awakened, his senses had been carried on at a loss for some and. his judgment sharpened. If, then, it time, and it would the theatre to close on that night, the manager receives be profitable for him to read, why should it not. at appear that the bankrupt's habits were improvident. a sum in compensation, and the salaries of the actors are least, be tolerable for bis adversary to write I —Milton- Corea. —The J?ags announces that, while the Chinese paid on that occasion on the calculation of what they Government shows itself so unfriendly to foreigners, ordinarily receive. Mr. Rogers, therefore, on the night the King of Corea has spontaneously opened the ports for which he received 13s. 4d.,|was paid double salary. THE LAWS RELATING TO THE PROPERTY on his coast to commercial ships of all nations. The It must be manifest, however, that this does not do away OF MARRIED WOMEN. kingdom of Corea, -which lies between Manchooria, with the charge of meanness. (Tothe Editor of the Leader.) Japan, and the Straits of Corea, contains many fertile Reformatory and Eepuge Uniox.—The first an- Sib,—You. have kindly promised me space in the districts, and produces many articles suited for export to nual general meeting of this society was held on Wed- columns of your " Open Council" to speak at length Europe. The King of Corea acknowled ges the suzerainty nesday, at "Willis's Rooms, St. James's, under the pre- of the fi rst petition on the subject of the alteration of the Court of Pekiu ; but he is completely independent sidency of the Earl of Shaftesbury. Besides the chair- of the Jaws respecting the property of married as to the government of his kingdom.—rimes. man, the meeting was addressed by Sir Stafford North- women, which was signed by three thousand peti- Norfolk Island.—Norfolk Island is to be severed cote, Mr. Chambers, M.P., Mr. Russell G limey, the tioners of the female sex, and presented to the fiom the diocese of Tasmania, and to be annexed to that Hon. A. Kinnaird, &c, by whom resolutions (which Houses of Lords and Commons by Lord Brougham of Sydney, the Queen being empowered, by a bill, to were carried unanimously) were proposed, in accordance and Sir Erskine Perry respectively. This petition, issue letters patent to that effect. with the objects of the association. succeeded by many others from all parts of the The Unemployed.—A crowded meeting of working The British Bank.—The negotiations lately in pro- kingdom, was intended to include in some sort a men was held on the evening of Friday week at the gress for a compromise between the shareholde rs and sumniary of the arguments in favour of the change Temperance-hall, Clerkenwell, Mr. Neale Porter in the the creditors of the Royal British Bank have terminated it supported, and was therefore drawn up at some chair ; when several resolutions -were agreed to, having in an agreement that 6s. 6d. in the pound shall be paid, length. It contained thirteen clauses, detailing most reference to the present distressed condition of the work- over and above whatever may be realized from the assets. of the special injuries which the petitioners conceived ing men of the metropolis. The first resolution called Bankruptcy of Messrs. Fox and Henderson.— to be inflicted by the said laws upon society. Permit the attention of Government to the " severe, wide-spread, Messrs. Fox and Henderson, engineers and contractors, me to take these clauses one by one, and examine and. alarming distress existing in the metropolis and its ¦were on Wednesday declared bankrupts in the Birming- their statements. The first clause humbly showeth suburbs, the result of a long stagnation in the building ham District Court of Bankruptcy, and duly surrendered " That the manifold evils occasioned by the pre- and other trades." The other resolutions spoke of the in the course of the afternoon. The reluctance of a large sent law, by which the property and earnings of the "acute and almost intolerable privations" now endured by English creditor to sign the deed of inspection agreed wife are thrown into the absolute power of the hus- working men, their wives and children, and stated that upon in November, aud not the recent decision of the band, become daily more apparent. That the suf- the only hope of the men who could not find employ- French Court, i3 said to have precipitated the bank- ferings thereby occasioned extend over all classes of ment wa3 emigration to Australia, New Zealand, and ruptcy. The first meeting is fixed for the 2nd of March, society . That it might once-have been deemed for Canada ; and they therefore prayed the Government to and the last for the 30th of the same month. Mr. Cole- the middle and upper ranks a comparatively theo- grant them a free passage to the colonies. Petitions to man, of London, is to prepare the accounts. The Court retical question, but is so no longer, since married both Houses of Parliament, based upon the resolutions, granted an allowance of 10?. per week to each of the women are entering on every side the fields of lite- were agreed to. bankrupts. rature and art, in order to increase the family income Reports of the Inspectors of Factories.—The Ruins of Carthage.-—A. Mr. Davis, an English by such exertions." reports of the Factory Inspectors for the half-year ended gentleman, has been excavating in the neighbourhood That the particular evils complained of are ou the the 31st of October appeared in print last Saturday. of ancient Carthage, and has discovered some very in- increase, both as regards fact and as regards pub- From their conjoint reports it appears that the inspectors teresting remains. licity, admits of no question. "We canuot take up a Lave applied themselves to the consideration of the Stabbing in Se^f-Defence.—A young man at newspaper without seeing cases wherein the -wo- duties nnder the act of last session in regard to the fenc- Edinburgh has been tried for the manslaughter of a man's earnings have been dissipated by the man ; ing of mill gearing and machinery. They find the pro- labourer. The deceased attacked him in the streets at while the story is sometimes reversed In an adver- visions of the " arbitration" clause wholly inadequate to night, when the accused stabbed him with a knife, and tisement, wherein the husband announces to the •Jfacd.tbat amount of protection to the operatives which also wounded three others. It was held to be justifiable public that, aft er the date of such and such an inser- they conceive * must have been contemplated by the homicide, and he was acquitted. tion, lie will not hold ' himself responsible for his Legislature in passing the Act of 1856, and they have Hack v. Race.—Tins case, by the desire of the wife's debts. This partly arises from the vigilant therefore not taken any proceedings under that Act. parties interested, was heard in the Vice-Chancellor's surveillance which the press now exercises over Tney do not object to the principle of arbitration, but to private room on Monday and Tuesday ; and at the con- society, dragging to light every minute detail, of the class from which the arbitrators are required to be clusion of the arguments, shortly before four o'clock on private life, so that that which was once hidden in chosen, because that class is not qualified to act in such the latter day, his Honour reserved his decision until secret is now proclaimed upon the house-tops; but a capacity. The number of children employed has de- Thursday morning. The decision, like the former pro- still more from the increased facilities of action creased considerably in fla x and woollen factories, while ceedings, was delivered in private ; but it transpired that which our modern civilization affords to woman. It it has increased in worsted. The total number of chil- the following order was made :— " Declare that the infant is evident, upon the slightest thought, that until tho dren under 13 years of age employed in all kinds of fac- plaintiff, Alicia Race, ought to be brought up in the Pro- physical forces of society are brought into order, tho tories last year amounted to 46,071 ; the number of testant faith. Appoint Captain Conolly and Mr. Woodroffe power, whether moral or intellectual, of the weaker males between 13 and 18 to 72,220 ; the number of fe- (of the Chancery bar) guardians of the infant, if they think sex must be doomed to comparative Inaction. Not males above 13 to 387,826 ; and the number of males proper to accept the office. Otherwise, refer it to cham- only is the woman, from her feeble frame, exposed above 18 years to 176,400—making an aggregate of bers to appoint fit and proper persons to bo such guar- to chances of death, lrnt, ns a mother, she bears 682,407. There were 1919 accidents from machinery, dians. Order that the infant plaintiff", Alicia ltaco, be during many years the responsibility of other lives and 53 not due to machinery. The number of informa- delivered to the Sailors' Orphan School at Harapstead." than her own. She may possess this artistic eye of tions was 380, and the number of convictions 245. This order proceeds upon the undertaking of the kev. 32. Rosa Itonhcur, or the ii ery genius of Elizabeth The Income-tax Movement.—A, meeting of the in- tT. Bickerstcth, and four other gentlemen, to clothe, main- Barrett Browning, but these are of no sort of avail habitants of Bath, convened by the Mayor, has been held tain, and educate the child in a manner suitable to her so long as she must remain shut up in a feudal at the Guildhall, for the purpose of protesting against rank,J to an amount not exceeding 25£. per annum , until castle, only taking exercise amidst the laurel bowers tho continuance of the war increase of the income-tax, she attain the age of twenty-one years. of "The Ladye's Walk," and seeing tho world, either and against " our meddling foreign policy." Both the Tub BANKRurTor ov John Paul.—The adjudication panora ma-wise- from the top of a tower, or in small members for Bath were present, and promised to vote of bankruptcy in this case, which had been disputed , was ornamental sections of the court nnd the chapel ; eo against coutlnuing the tax as it now stands.—A meeting on Thursday confirmed. long (is she must lead the life of a bird of bright was held at Marylebone on Thursday evening, when Sir Gkokof, Holmes, the man who was released from plumage tenderly fed in a gildud cage, under \)iih\ of Benjamin Hall spoke in favour of a reduction of the tax, prison by Sir George Grey, on pretence of ill health , exposing herself to death, or worse than death. Wo- but aaid it could not bo altogether abolished without in- about a month ago, bus again got into custody on a. men are physically at the mercy of evil doers, and justice to the poorer classes. charge of theft. herein lies the gist of the whole argument for their Illness of Mr. Thackeray.—Mr. Thackeray deli- Railways. — The Railway system continues not servitude or their enfranchisement;. It is ¦well to vered one of his lectures on the Gcorgea last Tuesday, at merely to increase but to change. Of the 26/i separate put this plainly, because it aUbrds at once excuse for Halifax, and was to havo delivered another at tho same companies mentioned in " Bnulshaw'a Manual" for 18-18, the past and hope i'or the future, and destroy s tho town oa the following evening, and also one at Leeds on as having; an independent existence, upwards of ninitty force of that " semper ct vbiqit a " which decrees that Thursday ; but ho was seized with illness at Halifax on have either become absorbed in others, or been almn- wom en havo been , are, and ever shall be in tho posi- Wednesday, and was unable to lecture either on Wednes- doned and broken up. Notwithstandin g this somewhat tion of minors before the law. day or Thursday. surprising alteration , the number of companies which But this very law which redresses the balance Thr Latk Abcjii>eacon Wiuibbforck.— Tidings of now exist in the throe kingdoms amounts to no leas between the strong and tho weak, now performs for the decease of the Kev. Kobert T. Wilberforce, second than 243.— Bra (].i7iuw' n Ra ilway Manual, <)•<;., 185 7. woiuan that oflice of personal protector, in which she. aon of the late Mr. W.Wilberforco, and late Archdeacon Thk Thkatkics. —Two iiovcltica Imvo been produced was once obliged to instal father, brother, or husband. of tho East Hiding of Yorkshiro, at Albnuo, fourteen this week, to which we have only .space,barel y to allude. Not only is a woman sure of instant redress, from miles from Home, on Tuesday, February 3, of gastric One is a translation at the Hayinarket from a celebrated thu picking of her pocket up to major offences, but, fever, have been received by his family. French p iece, cilleil in its English dress JJouble.-Faced what in of infinitely more importance to refined and The Capk of Good Hone—The colony for the most People. Mr. ttuclcstono, Mr. Complon , Mr. Chippun- sensitive natures, is the fact that the unseen pressure part is tranquil ; but apprehensions of attacks by the dale, Miss Reynolds, and Mm. K. FiUwilliuw , in this of the law, aiding the increase of good manners, Kaffirs are felt by tho white jncn. The savages are also drama throw a various light on the one princi ple of actually secures from impertinence all women who «aid to have committed wanton havoc among tho crops. hypocrisy.—The other new piece is nt the Olympic, do not bring it upon their own heads, and tlmt, -with The Manchestjer CuAMiucn ov Commeiick held its where Mr. Kobnouexcites laughter >n tho complications tho exception of particula rly lonely country districts, annual meeting on Monday in tlio Manchester Town- of a farce culled A Splendid Jnvestment. women are equally aafe by day and by dusk in tho hall, when a long report -was road aud adopted , having Tun French JomtNAi.s havo received ordorn from streets of London, in tho precincts of the country reference to the necessity of encouraging the growth of Government to be absolutel y nilont on the wubjoct of the town, in the village, in the farm, and on the king's cotton in India, our African possessions, and other of approaching elections, for fear, we .supposo, of disturbing highway. Women may travel all over England our colonies. tho puri ty of the Huflrago . without the risk of any annoyance except such aa Milunkks and DurcssMAKKits.—A meeting to ox- This INkw Jijixuc. —Mr. Serjeant Channcll will, we they choose to create in tlioir own imaginations; prea3 sympathy with tho frightful overwork of milliners arc info rmed , succeed the late Sir IS. II. Aldcrson as they may enter into business relations with men, aud dressmakers, and to call tho attention of Englwh- a llaron of tho Kxehernjcr.—Morning rot(. married or unmarried, and thereby gain not lea a ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ vfct IBB MADHH ¦ . [3fo- 366, SfrTOEDA-y: your, respect, provided that they be doing the part; of- the other: sex, which has kept them,so. space than to give you the opinion of'the u+I tut increased .are Mrs. Oliver and Mrs. Carpenter.; Lord Eldon:— "cutt e their worfc in a lonajide spirit. The Lady of Erin's Among artists -w alk about in her jewels, " rings on her among philanthropists . we may reckon Mxb. Fry, " The law of. imprisonment- for- debt is a Isle can more than ten. years ; sion to commit a nerml* fingers and rings on her toes," as she chooses, with- who . has been dead but little greater oppression and crueltv tW ' poet therefore, thinking it necessary to put and -what she did for love aud zeal, other women can is to be met with in slavery itself; to tear the out any , fr his w eping fatW her into a ballad ; and though the Bard of Seven do for benevolence and necessary pay. Mts. Chis- om e children, the husband from hi! Dials sings, a propos of Miss Nightingale, that holrn works as hard as a Foreign Secretary ; and distracted wife, to satiate the demoniac veneean in Algiers is the paid directress of of some worthless creditor. f* "Women was born for the comfort of man, Madame Luce, , " -^Lord JEld on' *s *i»«*Boeerh ^2©». the Mussulman school, which she was the first to the Slave Trade. a very large man certainly has at last secured organize and force upon the attention of Govern- I am, sir, your obedient servant amount of personal comfort and freedom to women, , ment. It is the same in all countries, from Mrs. Oivicus. and in so far has altered somewhat the condition, or of Edinburgh who was for years the real -wood Johnstone, , rather the level, of his relations to them. The editor of the widely-circulating Inverness Courier, GOLD- and water, the coarser elements of safety and bodily r put out under her husband's name to (To tlie Editor of the Leader.) we find which \> as , ¦welL-beiii"', having been secured to the sex, Mrs. S. C. Hall, Mrs. Newton Cross land, and so on Sib,—For the sake of one of the most importanf to the consideration of deeper and with, ourselves raised ad infinUum. Mrs- Everett Green collates state papers r principles connected modern chemical science more delicate relations, which formerly had no play y of his hire." Then I beg. to call your attention, and tliat of your is no and " truly the labourer is worth readera because they had no existence. The woman among teachers of arts and of languages, from the El-. tp an extract admitted into the Leader of Janu' longer sold , actually or virtually, by her father to who inherit the genius and grace of both ary 3 from an article on Occult Philosophy at an age listons, in her husband. . She makes her own choice father and mother, to the exiles, 'Madame KinkeL Ffaser ' s Magazine of the current month. The •passage when she is supposed competent to exercise a choice, and Madame Pulsky, everyw here we see the same referred to, after instancing, the extent aud variety and society, - . whatever its practice, is extremely women of ability and reputation of application of a few of what are considered * theory of married life. Now- thing—married to l)e shocked at any otlier helping their husbands in the struggles of Life. And elementary bodies, expresses a doubt that Nature, come into the question various shades of feeliig, it is no use to set up a sentimental theory that they after clothing a man from head to foot with carboir various complications of interest between father, ought not to do this, when the claims of their own hydrogen, and nitrogen, should be so extravagant.as the mother feeling directly mother, and children.; , genius, or the economical necessities of the country, to devote a single element to the manufacture of a and individually responsible to God for the mora l watch, or a coin- No doubt, there is here a are increasing every day the number of female ' logical well-being of boys, and girls, desires to exercise some labourers. As well try to dam out the flowing of paradox ; but when it is remembered that Nature practical influence over their destinies, and it is uni- has no hand in selecting man's costume, and that " ght to do so, a mighty river, as to stop women from working when it versally conceded that she has a joint ri once they have seen the need, felt the power, would be indifferent to the Universal law if he were to even during the life of the father, while the case of and tasted the profits of exertion. And the garb himself entirely in gold, the attribution of such Alicia Race has lately proved that Protestant pre- anomalous conduct to our great mother, is, I tiring hts of laws which once operated with sufficient justice in a judice itself declines to interfere with the rig society where every wife was supported by her simply impertinent. It has never been proved that a widowed mother, the Catholic guardian to the gold does not combine with other elements, and form who died defending husband, and took out that support in active, practical children of a Protestant father, " household work—weaving of linen and knitting of nev# substances of an organic nature, even supposing his country." Hard as the individual religious tliat we do not discover its presence in animal.atfd question, appeared in this case \ve yet greatl hose—no longer apply to a condition of things in , y re- which, these operations being necessarily confided to vegetable substances. Other elements have been joiced tliat the law gave to the surviving parent found to exist in conditions in which they were iu? those parental rights which by the death of the Manchester and Nottingham, and the co oking to a , maid of all work, women of ability find it to be sensitive to ordinary tests. Are the usual tests for other, naturally fell to the decision of her conscience. far more profitable to spend their time in earning gold infallible? Gold was once thought.-to be inca? Ihus it is, we think, amply proved, that even pable of vaporisation. Gay Lussac caused it to- iecause men have secured so pounds, than in saving pennies. In a succeeding much legal justice aud letter we hope to prove, that, so soon as the wife evaporate under a powerful burning-glass. Might personal safety t« women, questions are now rising really contributes actively her ' share to the - family it not, in such a state, find a fitting partner amongst , on all hands having their root in. this new and noble income its uncontrolled disposal by the husband is the other elements to constitute some new body foundation of our social life; and that , , since the an injustice productive of many moral evils, while, valuable to man, and interesting to the philosopher? woman no longer has to buy protection by the un- on the other hand, we need not fear, although the Let it be shown fully that gold and its combinations. conditional surrender of person and property, the love of money is defined by Jeremy Taylor to be " a. are not primarily essential members of the grand manifold evils occasioned by the present law, whereby vertiginous pool sucking all into it to destroy/' system of physical nature, before their restricted the property and earnings of the wife are thrown , that English mothers will be drowned by reason of its applications to the arts of life (arguing only man's into the absolute power of the husband, become daily depth. incapacity) be assumed good ground for upsetting. more apparent. Bessie Rayner Pabkes. a scientific dogma that has sustained all the proof The same clause goes on to state " that the suf- Algiers, February 1, 1857. that human ingenuity has been enabled to apply.. ferings -thereupon ensuing extend over all classes of I am, sir, your obedient serv«nt, society. That it might once have been deemed for F. B. Thompson.. the middle and upper classes a comparatively the- IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. 17, Great Canterbury-place, Lambeth-road. oretical question, but it is so no longer, since married QTo the Editor of the Leader.~) women of education are entering; on every side the Sir,—An article which appeared in your paper some fields of literature and art, in order to increase the months since, and which spoke in. favour of an alter- family income by such exertions." No sign of the ation in the present laws, makes me take the liberty i^nstemiJt. times is more singular than the diffusion of the habit of troubling you with this letter. Leader Office, Saturday, February 1-1. of working for money among married women. We Some da}'s since I met with a letter in the Times, do not mean to say that money is always the motive headed Imprisonment for Debt in France," and its of the work—wliich it can never primarily be in the " LAST EIGHT'S PARLIAMENT. contents so startled me, that I at once despatched a HOUSE OF LORDS. caBe of true artists—but that the labourer is worthy letter to Paris, and the result was a reply of which of hia hire. While many women really do a great Ix this House, the Earl of Dkkbit gave notice of Ms I will give you. some extracts. make a motion on the subject of the Chinese amount of hard literary hack-work, such as trans- Some time since, a Mr. Morney, whom, my corre- intention to lating and compiling, for the sake of earning an war ; and discussions took place with regard to tho spondent states was a gentleman of amiable manners Encumbered Estates Court in Ireland, and honourable livelihood for those dear to them, and are and disposition, having just parted from a friend state of the paid in the same way, if not always at the same rate the Rights of Married Women, the latter being ori- who visited him in his cellule before breakfast, Brougham who however introduced as professional literary men, editors, et id genus walked down a passage, and looking out of a window, ginated by Lord. , 3 , omne, female geniuses receive no less a golden was shot by a, sentinel; the ball severing the carotid no measure on the subject. equivalent for their talents; Mary Barton bears a artery, his death was instantaneous. Their Lordchips adjourned at nine o'clock- price, as well as Vanity Fair , Aurora Leigh will prove The murdere rs excuse for his act was, that the de- HOUSE OF COMMONS. that the apple of the tree of knowledge bears some ceased had mocked him; that he had six times CATHEDRAL UEFORM. affinity to the golden apples of the garden of the called out " Retircz-voiis J" and that he was attempt- la answer to Mr. Sidney Heroiekt, Lord Palmer- Ilesperides, and will run through as many bound and ing to ston said that the Government had no present intention gilded editions escax^e. as the Poet Laureate's In, Memoriam. How, my correspondent says that this gentleman of bringing in a bill ou tlie subject of Cathedral lleforin. And comparing the literary women of the present was not the sort of person to mock any one. He rttKSIA. day with those of the earl y part of the century, it perfectly understood, and could speak the language, In answer to Mr. Layard, Lord Palmerstox said is curious to remark how many more of the highest that a debate on the l' ersian question would have a class of intellect and had'just settled a process which .entitled him are married, and living happily in to receive lGO ,OOOf. (OOOOZ.) ; anil as to his attempt to detrimental effect on the negotiations now going on domestic life. Maria Edgeworth, Jane Austin, Mary with tho Shall—especially as tho negotiations were pro- Mitford all these escape, that he died with his hands in his pockets ! r lived and died unmarried. Mrs. The writer of this letter implores me to use my ceeding in a promising manner.-—In answer to Mr. II. Ilemans, the poetess par excellence of our mothers and could not at aunts, was separ pen in the cause of the distressed "English" dctenue- in J. Ba.ili.ik, Lord Palmkkston said ho ated from her husband. L. E. L. a foreign hind. He states that their sufferings in present lay on the tablo the ultimatum which was sent had but a short find fatal experience of matrimony, KoKbuck over which those prisons are very dreadful, and as no notice lias to Persia before the declaration o>f Avar.—Mr. liuiigs an impenetrable mystery. At the , and of the present day our two ever been given that the net of looking out of a window said tho circumstances of the Persian wnr most popular female- novelists, negotiations that were going on, showed that the Mrs. btowo and Mrs. Gnskill may bo punished by death, fears that occurrences of , are both married and the kind may be frequent. If half the miseries in- boasted supervision of Parliament over public affairs the mothers of many children; Elizabeth Barrett is a question wife, flicted upon prisoners lor debt in the United Kingdom was a mere farce ; as they could not ask a and mother to a " young Florentine," who t an answer. finished, wo suppose (and which imprisonment I term " punishment for cither before, during, or alter a wnr, and ge , the original of that most un- , position of affairs surpassed baby in Aurora Lei misfortune"), were known to exist among the natives —Lord John Kusseli said that the gh. Our only strictly in relation to this matter was peculiar, and ouo that scientific iemalo writer ia also married—Mary of Timbuctoo, or some of the wilds of Central Africa, Somer- tho saints of JOxcter Hall would, long ere this, luive required tho forboaranco of the IIouso ; and he depre- yiUe ; Currer Boll married, and, had she lived , would have continued placarded all London, and have met in solemn cou- cated any discussion on tho subject.—Mr. Giaiwtonk , as Mrs. Nichol, tiro noblo series present to which Cluirlo ttc Bronte had clav o. But in addition to tho continuance of n l>nr- said it would bo diflicult for tha JIouso at begun ; while the popu- but alM there lar writers whose works circulate in all our burous law, stud tho keeping up of bmtilles and all enter into a discussion on this subject ; ing- water- their machinery as e:igos for the victims of tho was this peculiarity, that n, war had been begun by tli c i>lucee, Mas.Gore, Mrs. Marsh, and Mrs. Trolloiw tho aro equally within the black tmccp of tlio legal profession , wo aro now to Government on their own responsibility, and without ' holy estate.' The woman which hod whoatvname is known all over England in hour of our countrymen being confined in a fore i gn sanction of Parliament ; but , as the papers connexion land , and shot bi'cn promised professed to clear up tliat point, h" could with the improvement of literature for the people is at like » might go on for ever will* the it wan hat. And among those women around their dungeons. opening n. rielmte.—Mr. J)i,siUixi said that who, unmarried , oc- tho negotia- cupy, u prominent place in literature, it in I could tales unfold respect ing our own prisons necessary that the llouao should know tliat choice or which would full iw UqUI out a the- incidents of life, and no dread of ' baa blew1' on y show tho necessity of tho rt'i>i:nl tions which were Roiny ou wcro such of tho present law, but will not now*nmhor occupy sound prospect of their ending in a peace ; because it Febrtt^iit 14s 1857.] TIB DEADER. 1S5 was ppssibLa that the wsar might go on, without inquiry AMERICA. for 1857. Next week there will probabl be simultaneously -with the negotiations. y of tUe House, The City of Washington has arrived from New York debates more alarming to the G-overnmenfc ; THE BUDGET. with advices to the 1st insfc., and no specie The Chaxcelcor op the Exchequer brought for- * nor do we anticipato that tlie agitation out Congress, with but little debate and without a sylla" of doors will be ward his; financial st atement. He said that it-was more ble being uttered with reference to the slavery question, altogether lulled ])y the im- in the' ordinary course to bring forward the Estimates passed bills providing for the admission of Oregon perfect concessions of the Treasury. The- before introducing the Budget, but lie had reversed that and Minnesota into the Confederation as Sovereign public aslced for the total and unconditional course out of deference to the wishes of the House. He States. abolition of the war niuepenee ; wh called attention to the state of expenditure and revenue y, then, General Garcia, formerly Governor and Coinmamler- is only sevenpence to be repealed on the of the current year. He stated that last year ho esti- , iu-Chief of Tainaulipas, in revenge for being deprived 740 higher class of incomes ? It is not the dif- mated the revenue of the current year at 71, ,000^. ; | of the command of Tampico by the revolution of the it had reached 71,885,000?. The expenditure he 30th of October, has seized the goods belonging to ference between 100?. and 150?. that we estimated at 82,113,000/., showing a deficiency of various mercantile houses in transit to the interior. desire to be recognized, bub the difference 10,000,000?. and a fraction. To cover that deficiency, Nicaragua and Costa Rica have agreed upon a new " loans were effected : part of the first loan of 5,000,000/. i between one 100?. and another 1O0Z.—the bouudarv line. former precarious, and worth three years' was received this year, then there was another loan of " 5,000,000^, and an. issue of 2,000,0007. of Exchequer Crystal. Palace. —Ketuni of admissions for sis: days purchase, the latter fixed, and worth thirty Bills making the , loans available 7,000,000/. ; only ending Priday, February 13th, 1S57, including- season years' purchase. Sow is the opportunity 1,000,000?. of Exchequer Bills was, however, borrowed. ticket holders, 8037. " for the House of Commons to govern the The total receipts by revenue and loans was 79,000,000/. ; : Government on questions of finance. the expenditure wo uld be about 78,000,000/., leaving NOTICES TO CORRESPONDEXTS . a balance of more than 1 000 , ,000/. The right Tho " Author of Adaptability," who does not send his name, hon. gentleman having gone through the usual com. docs not appoar to us to contribute any now liuflvb to the parison between his estimates of revenue last year discussion of tho important question to which liLd letter MOIIAL OP THE SECRET THEATY. and the expenditure he proceeded to estimate, the refers. , Thomas Peacock.—Wo beg to refer our corresponden t to Ma. Disraeli has learned, at sonic expense expenditure of the ensuing year at 05,494,000/. ! Of this the notice which lias appeared several weeks consecutively the interest on the funded debt would, take 28,550,000/., in our columns. The residuary letters in type on tlio to -himself , that , although a newspaper may the charges on the Consolidated Fund 1,707,000 /., and Lunar controversy are now exhausted , and wo must be 3e benefit ed b ' startling disclosures,' whieli permitted to consider tho discussion elosed in this journal. y the cost of the services, civil and uailitaiy, would be- no one cares to contradict, it is not permitted 32,904,000 ; the estimate for the army and militia Jfo notice caiv be taken of anonymous coiTcspondonco- to a statesman to engage in that sort of being ll,<52 5,OOO/. r the navy 8,109,0 00/., packet service, Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated 966,000/., civil sesvice 7,250,000/., collection of the traffic. AVheu a young-Tory •'journal, na- ^ by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily revenue 4=,215,000ir.) superanuation 475,000/., and a vote for publication , "but as a guarantee of his good faith. turally eager to attract notice, ventures to towards the Persian expedition of 26,oOO/. There would We do not undertake to return rejected communications. deal in ' exclusive' intclligen.ee during the also be required a sum of 2 250,000/. to pay off Ex- , ¦ ParUamentry recess, ily-ca-tcliers arc amused, chequer Bonds and a portion of' the sinking fund on and 'a fractional public, perhaps, is deceived. the last loan of 5,000,000?. As regarded taxation, lie proposed to reduce the income-tax to 9d. in the poun d "But the Tory leader in the House of. Com- for three years, on. incomes of 150/. ; and to 5d. in the mons, occupies a different position. He 'can- pound on incomes of 100/., which he intimated would Of ft not, without loss of, character, commit luin- produce 9,000,000/. He estimated the revenue at nfw fi' ^ V self to exaggerations and absurdities. Mr. 66,365,000 from all sources, which, as against an ex- Disraeli , therefore, has alread sacrificed penditure of 65,494,000/., would leave a surplus of y 871,000?. ' all the advantage lie gained in the first debate A desultory discussion followed, but no debate in the ¦SATURDAY, ' FEBRUARY 14, 135 7.. - of the session, by his heavy attitudinising on strict sense of the term, and the formal resolution moved the subject of the Secret Treat?. "Wo ven- by the Chancellor of the Exchequer was agreed to. tured, last week, to suggest tho real meaning |Mltc Main?/ of the Convention alluded to ; and it would THE CONTINENT. There is nothing so revolutionary, because tbureis have been fortunate for Mr. Disraeli According to a Berlin letter in the German Journal of nothing so unnatural ancl convulsive, as the strain had he adopted a similar interpretation, I '^&n.ifo H, " the preparations for the conference which to keep tMngs fixed when all the world is by thovery is to terminate the Neufehtltel question are proceeding lay of its creation in eternal progress.—D u. Arnold. or, at least, refrained from making a state- very slowly, and replies have not yet been received from ment which only - rendered his original all the Powers to the note in which Prussia declared THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT. blunder more distinct and inexcusable. "We that by the liberation of the prisoners she was enabled The Array and ISTavy Estimates had prepared said that he had caught a glimpse of certain to enter into negotiations for the definitive regulation of e negotiations between Prance arid Austria the question. T3ie Prussian Government has profited by th public, to some extent, for the IFinaucial , the last few weeks to collect various documents which Statement of Sir Cok-newall Lewis. It was sanctioned by England, which resulted, not support her claims." felt that, with these avowed redactions of in a formal treaty, but in a diplomatic un- The Paris Moniteur of yesterday announces that expenditure, the Government could not possi- derstanding, and we added that Mr. Dis- Count \ ' Aust ria in. a war xn anda of England. It is quite possible that despatches lor three millions more, least;, under the invite - tho co-operation "will shor tly reach the Persian Envoy in ' Paris <>i ' a con- hcjul of A vmy and JN avy Estimates., than were which woul d have brought her id; onco face to ciliatory char acter. Franco desires ponce, and Uuswia required by tho Bud get of 1853. I'aco with, the enemy, ami to have refiiHed to wishes to be on good terms with this country, for rea- The discussion in tho IIoubo of Commons protect; 1km- rear agninnt insurrection ,perhaps H0 8 easil " y ima gined." A Vienna oorrosjiondi.-iil of the n.yt ht was desultory and indecisive incited b Russian intri gue. Tlio commonest Wt.acr Gazette, nays':— u It in asserted in di plomatic I ni g , ionn- y arclcB hero that England has accepted the med iation ing no test whatever of the recep tion likel y instinct of sell'-preservation would have in- oi l'-ranco iu tlio Persian dispute." iu bo g iv en to Lord l/A i-MJonHTo n ' tf Budget duced the A.ustrians to propose such a ro- 166 THE Ii E k D E R. [No, 360, Sat ub pay ciproeifcy of advantages ; the commonest cotton crops, and when they happen they These obstacles vary in different provinces sense of justice must have compelled the inflict a serious loss on the manufacturing Madras may be considered for the present in Allied Powers to grant it. But the Con- interests of this country. The warning is a state of suspense, pending a gigantic im- vention had reference only to a particular quite sufficient to remind us of a twofold provement which the excessively depressed time and a special purpose. It was- in no danger under which we lie. With supplies condition of the native cultivators has ren- sense a treaty, in no sense a guarantee. It drawn almost exclusively from one quarter, dered necessary. Iiord Harris is aiming eimply engaged the ^French Government to we are entirely dependent upon the changes with what prospect of success we can at acfc in concert with Austria in Italy, so long of the season ; while by tho agitators of this present scarcely estimate, to convert the #s the Austrian Government acted in con- country, we assist in increasing the chance tenure of land at tke expense of an on immense cert with ^France the Danube, and Eng- of a calamity that might suddenly stop the present sacrifice in revenue. The two pro- land, interested as deeply as either of the entire supply of cotton. A general insurrec- vinces of present practical importance with negotiating Powers in the cause at issue, tion amongst the slaves in the Southern reference to improvements in detail, are was bound to acquiesce in the arrangement. States , would be fri ghtful in the calamities of Bengal and Bombay. Nothing could have been more insane, on the civil war, and in the White reaction against In the Presidency of Bengal the difficulty part of Austrian statesmen, than to lead the Black violences ; and before the revolt was does not arise from, the tenure of the land van of a Russian war, with the certainty of suppressed, perhaps millions of Negroes though it might be improved ; still less does an Italian insurrection in the rear ; and no- would be sacrificed. We should feel it, in the it arise from the mode of collecting the thing could have been more insane than for stoppage of a material upon*which the manu- revenue, the amount of which is fixed , and the combined Powers to require such a facturing districts depend. Bankruptcy for which has become relatively less with the service without indemnifying their new ally the millowners, starvation for the factory increase of population and with suck im- against the consequences of her loyalty. We, hands, would be the direct consequences of provement as has already taken place. indeed, should have sympathized with the that Abolitionist insurrection. Eailways and canals will do much ; but the Italian insurrection ; we should he better Meanwhile our safeguard against such an great thing is the introduction of British pleased to hear that Austria had been de- economical contingency would be the gradual capital and also of British intelligence in feated m Italy, than, that .Russia had been extension of the cotton cultuie in other superintending the application of capital. defeated in Bulgaria ; but we cannot expect quarters, especially within British dominions. Well, why "not then, bring- in the cash and Austrian statesmen to take that view of affairs, It is not probable that any jealousy of that talent ? andwe must aliowthat the leaders of European culture would be excited in America, since it We have seen that one of the most fatal diplomacy act only in obedience to universal must necessarily be gradual, and hitherto the checks to the cotton cultivation in Bombay human motives when they exact an adhesion progress has not threatened any very fatal has been adulteration. "We have witnessed to their own policy as the security of rivalry with the West. We loolc more espe- the destruction of a fine trade from the same their own system. Admitting that which, cially to India, where any species of native cause : the trade in the linen cloth of Nankin diplomatically, must be admitted, that an culture would be a powerful auxiliary in im- perished from the substitution of an inferior Austrian alliance against Bussia -would have proving the condition, of the natives. At the article, and no attempts to recover it were been valuable while the war lasted, we commencement of the present century, in- successful. In order to prevent the extinc- are under the necessity of confessing that deed, all the cotton consumed in. the world tion of a nascent cotton growth in Bombay, neither the French nor the British Govern- was grown in India, and there have been it is necessary to look into the actual institu- ment evinced a disposition to pay for it more reasons only too substantial "why the trade tions of the province. The land is held than, could be reasonably claimed by Austria, has been transferred from the East to the directly under Government by the ryot, or or honourably granted by the Allies. "West. The indigenous cotton of India is too peasant cultivator, who pays the rent or But, believing as we do, that however im- short in the staple for the purposes of a ¦weft. revenue to the Government at stated periods. portant at one period in the history of modern Attempts have been made to introduce the This man is entirely without capital ; he is Europe may have been the integrity of the American varieties, even the Sea Island and invariably in arrears ; and to roaW good his Austrian Empire, that integrity is now a Pernambuco, and other very superior qua- payments lie borrows money of a professional burden, held up in opposition to a bug- lities ; but we limit out attention at pre- lender, who takes a mortgage on the crop. bear, we are not inclined to approve of sent to those kinds which in India are By the laws of the land debts descend from the Austrian sympathies which bave crept lumped under the name of New Orleans father to son. The virtual owner of the crop into our Cabinet. The character of Euro- cotton, and are identical "with ' the species im- therefore, almost of the land, is the money- pean diplomacy has materially changed ported from the United States for consump- lender ; bub he has no interest or authority since 1830-31, when Austria proposed to tion in Lancashire. The cultivation of this in regulating the cultivation. The crop is dis- [France the reconstruction of the kingdom of cotton in India has been pronounced a posed of through a dealer,who looks principally Poland. It is no longer a question between failure ; the Indian growth, it is said, being to gross quantity and weight. Price is a Austrian and Russian influence, but between inferior to the American. We have in our secondary consideration. In order to make constitutional and despotic influence, the hands, however, unmistakable proofs that up quantity and weight, the ryot adulterates despotic principle being represented equally this is an error ; at the same time, the very the consignment as much as possible, throw- by either of the two Powers, which invariably causes of the misconception establish one ing " in even a surplusage of dirt, and posi- act in harmony when the interests of abso- among the many true obstacles to the cotton tively watering the cotton to make it heaver ! lutism are concerned. commerce in India. The main idea of the Sometimes the exporter requires a bulk of Mr. Disraeli's strategy in Pai*liarnent rude natives was to export the largest quanti- cotton at a given price ; and if that is below this week has been doubly a failure. In- ties ; to that end, the in ore valuable cotton the real value of the commodity, the obvious stead of making progress, he is forced back from the West was adulterated with the course is to adulterate the cotton down to within the old lines of the Opposition. The indigenous cotton. In somo cases the two the price offered—to make it nasty enough basis of his attack was completely cut away * were giuned together ; in others the seed was for tbe required cheapness. The real obsta- by Lord Palmeiiston, whoso statement mixed, and a bastard crop was grown. Tho cle therefore to a better cultivation of cotton inust have been satisfactory to all who be- importing merchant of this country found in the Bombay Presidency is the institution lieve in the virtue of European diplomacy. that the manufacturer rejected the commo- of ryotwaree. We suspect that virtue, but Mr. Disbaeli dity ; Americans in India pronounced the One difficul ty iu. dealing with the subject cIobb not ; he has been foiled , and his defeat experiment to be a failure ; and vast as the in this conntry is, that the chief authority lies is owing more to his own indiscretion than benefit to India Would be, somo person s have with the Board of Control, and that that to the strength of the- ministerial case, as been so discouraged as to contemplate the Board , devoid of detailed information, is at Stated by tho Premier. abandonment of the attempt. tho mercy of those who cram it. Hence, The importance of persevering may bo it sometimes h appens that persons really SLAYEItY ABOLITION AND COTTON shown by a single fact. Supposing India well-informed on parts of the subject, or on SUPPLY . supplied us with cottou t their Ax the ,—supposing, what the stat e of different provinces, presen Manchester Chamber of Commerce is quite natural, that in return for exports view as embracing the whole of India. It 13 Mr. BAZiiEY, tho President, has avowed that she took ad- til© manufacturers exported manufactures fro m this by that means that ra ilways havo been of this country are at country,—and supposing that her consump- vocated as tho ono lover for cotton improve- present short of law material of every kind, tion w affords —of silk, flax as proportionate to tho consumption of ment, in a district where a seabordo , wool, and cotton, besides ma- our colonies, tho West Indies, Canada, Aus- tho natural mo do of transit. A practical te-rials for dyeing and subsistence for tho tralia labouring hands. , the Cape of good Hope, or Mauritius, experiment, however, was made in a collecto- We havo a threat of a her consumption of British cotton manufac- ra to of tho South Mahrntta country. Thero scanty cotton crop in tho United Statea, the ; consequence of tures would range from 211,O0O,O00Z. sterling are two collectoratcs, JJolgaum and Dharwar disorders amongst tho Ne- to -486,O00 is the groes, which havo restricted ,O00Z. Indeed, those fi gures arc the climate of these two collectorates the cultivation. only too moderate. It is important there- same, the race is tho same, tho language tho We hftve had bucIi reports bofore, and they foro to investi cotton have proved fallacious ; but gate tho true obstacles to the same ; but the energetic experiment in wo have had short extension of tho culture in India. culture succeeded in Dharwar, failed in Bel- Febihtary 14, 1857.] THE LEADEE. 157 gaum, "Why ? The reason was, that Bel- litate a better selection of convicts to be might not be imposed upon the Executive, so gaum was under the management of a gentle- transported to the one colony talcing them, as to prevent a one-sided exercise of 'justice ' man who saw the fitness of the New Orleans Western Australia. And it may perhaps in times of political excitement, and a virtual species for Indian adoption, and who saw end in some mode of holding for a longer time ch ange of the law in renewing practices through the causes which had checked the in prison hardened and incorrigible offenders. which the Bill appears to discontinue. growth. He succeeded, therefore, in extend- But the whole of any such improvement lies, ing the use of the New Orleans species, in not in the law, not in the specific enact- A WEEK OE ELECTIONS. checking the obstructions. That gentleman, ments of the bill, but in the execution by the Wegtjeliit for Southampton , Codrinqtost Mr. Alexander Siia.w, is now in this coun- Government. for Greenwich, Cla.y for Hull, Kenhajid for try, and is accessible to give every informa- It is here that the bill dangerously takes Newport, Johnstoite for Downpatrick. tion on the subject. It is not impossible too much power for the Executive. The j udge There is little to be said for or agaiust the that he may be returned to Parliament for a will pass a sentence apportioned in its term choice of the free and independent. Mr. northern constituency, and the interests of to the prisoner's guilt, and from that date the Wegueiin is respectable, General Copring- the country will then have an advocate prac- prisoner will be handed over to fate in the ton is respectable, Mr. Ci^ax, Mr. Johnstonje, tically and minutely acquainted with the ques- form of the Home Secretary. The sentence and Mr. Kennabd are respectable- We have tion as it applies to Bombay. may be remitted to an almost indefinite ex- a sympathy with Mr. Andjiews, and we re- In the meanwhile those out, of doors tent, for although Sir G-eobge Grey thinks commend him to organize his forces for an- who have information of practical value that it will be in general undesirable to remit other contest. "We have a sympathy with in Indian subjects will probably be aroused more than one third or one fourth of the Greenwich, and are glad it lias escaped Mr. to the protection of their own interests. sentence, he believes that you cannot fix any SiiEiGH, whose return would have been a At the present day we must rely to a great precise limit. The prisoner may be released parody of ' representation.' Mr. Seeley, the extent upon the incorporated represen- on ticket of leave, he may be detained the unsuccessful candidate for Newport, is a tatives of commerce, and we know of whole term in prison, he may be transported thorough Liberal, and may, on future occa- none who can act with more efficiency than to the colonies at the pleasure of the Execu- sions, find a constituency prepared to accept the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. To tive. The Minister might be lenient to •some- him. But, as tests of our public opinion , that body any question bearing on its great prisoners, very severe to others ; and although we repudiate the -whole y batch of the week's staple must be of paramount and urgent Sir George G-be is not likely to be influ- elections. They are farces, follies, and il- interest, and we have reason, to believe, in- enced by extraneous considerations, a time lusions, and only serviceable as proofs of the deed, that it is already moving. Some of the might come when prisoners vvoiild be sen- necessity of parliamentary reform . No one iacts which we have stated are drawn from, a tenced for political offences under a Govern- will deny that an improper amount of money note addressed by Mr. Sha.~w to the Man- ment actuated by strong political feelings. was expended at Southampton ; no one will chester Chamber of Commerce ; and. we are At such a time a sentence of the judge would affirm that, had the Government screw been convinced that if that body should take the constitute a vague surrender of the prisoner worked for Mr. Sleigh , General Codbingtcxn lead in the public movement, its influence to the mercies of the Government, and those would not have been in a minority. As for would soon be felt in Parliament, and obeyed mercies might be dispensed with a dangerous Newport, it is a political fungus at the foot by the Government. discrimination. We have seen, as recently of Carisbrooke, a thirteenth-century corner, as 1842, a condition of great disorder in the with a f ew hundred electors, celebrated for THE GREY TiCKET-OE-LEAVX country, in which repressive m easures were returning, in 1700, that knave John Shep- Sib G/Eorgke Gbey's new law for the treat- thought to be necessary by the Executive, herd, who was forced on his kiiees in the ment of criminal offenders must be -watched and in which popular agitation lead men into House of Commons, expelled, and sent to the on the twofold score that it is not quite suf- the commission of acts technically subjecting Tower for infamous bribery. "We must ficient for its purpose, and that it takes too them to transportation. By .the present Bill decline to consid er much such an election as a "pemer for the Executive Government. they would be liable to a degree of punish- constitutional proceeding at all. Indeed, We take the two sections separately. ment indefinite in its nature and depending the entire range of the elections now going- Crime is increasing, though statistics tell us upon the amount of leniency or rigour, of forward simply illustrate the the reverse ; and Sir George Grey corruption and enjoins us charitable feeling or party bitterness, in the the injustice of our present system. Why not to be alarmed, for the number of prisoners breast of the Home Secretary. was General Codringto w elected ? Partly convicted is declining. The proportion of • There is an ulterior possibility lying in because the electors were under compulsion offences committed by ticket-of-leave men is the same discretionary power, equally against to vote , for him ; but partly, also, because a only sixteen per cent on the total number of justice and the constitution . At present Greenwich election is so costly, that only a that class, or five per cent, on the total there are few of the colonies which consent Government candidate or a pupil of ancient number of offences committed ; and ve ought to receive convicts. The chief Australian Pistol can be expected , in the fi fth year of a to be satisfied with the progress. In the colonies threatened rebellion rather than Parliament, to contest it. Consequently, no meanwhile, however, the public does not get submit. The Cape colony actually rebelled, man of the slightest political respectability over the facts that enormous frauds are com- under the administration of Sir Gjeoiiue was found to oppose the Whig General, un- mitted right and left ; that gentlemen are G bey's cousin, Lord Gkey . Tho experi- popular as he is, on account of his refusal to garotted in the open day, in populous streets ment would be very dangerous with the support the ballot, or abolish military flog- even of London ; that well-watched houses North American colonies, and no Minister ging. Mr. Sleigh's pretensions were purely are entered by burglars ; and that the pro- ot the slightest discretion would z*isk it. ridiculous ; his biography might amuse the gress of civilization exhibits itself quite as But we have had Ministers of no discretion ; electors, but certainly his representative much in the art with which thieves and wo have had Ministers who despise the re- statesmanship coul d have been of no service ruffians surmount the impediments of police, monstrances of colonies. There have been to them. as in the development of the police itself. on both sides of both Houses strong advo- At Southampton the conflict was carried Perhaps we ought not to complain of tho law cates for renewed transportation, is not on with almost fratricidal fury. Little rivu- in failing to check these evils, so much as of Lord Deuby among them ? A time, then, lets of gold streamed out of interested the state of society which tends to produce might ariso when a Colonial Minister, theo- pockets; the .Bank Charter waa generous ; the evils ; but the bill at least gives us no retically favourable to renewed transporta- Mr. JVndukws was regardless of expense ; fresh protection in any of these particulars. It tion, might not dislike to exercise his powers Sir Eo\va.kd But leu must have drowned continues the tickot-of-leave men ; it does not in the teeth of so contemptible a commu- many a railway dividend in the bitter waters provide any means for procuring discharged nity as that of a colony. If any colonial of Whig and Tory Htrifc. At Newport, the prisoners employment ; it simply obviates the settlement thwarted a Minister, he might ground to be cov ered was not so large, so confusion arising fro m tho nominal sentence even think it expedient to punish that com- that Mr. Kennahd's atomic majorit y may to transportation, and tho actual sentenco to munity by inflicting upon it tho insult, he supposed to have been won ovor with penal servitude. Essentially it is not calcu- disgrace, and curse of convict transportation. winged words dipped here and there in a lated to diminish the number of convicts, to Wo have seen Ministers quite capable of yellow solvent. Kor Downpatriek, the 5Z. carry any more of them abroad than are at that act of vigour. Tho present Jiill docs and 10?. householders, and the SI . rated present sent, or to withdraw a larger number not actually provide for any auch contin- occupiers, whose dw indling numbers threaten of ticket-of-leave men from tho streets, ami gency ; but we helicvo th at in tho largo to die away, and who once claimed for help a larger number of persons in transition powers which it hands over to the Execu- their own the. Ri ght Honourable .Toun from a criminal to an honest life. tive it involves sufiicicnt authority for any Wilson Chokimi, luvo fixed their favour But if doing nothing except the ono thing Biich course of proceeding. on the Orange Johnston m , in preference that Sir Geohci is Grey disclaims, it may , ij Its progress through Parliament, there- to the less 'br ightly-tinted Khiui. In North well administered, somewhat improve the dis- fore, must be watched , with a view to seeing Leicestershire ci , the delicate Toryiam of pline within our x>riso:ns. It will give if ifcn provisions can be strengthened so far Lord John Mannjc uh is confronted by tho judges a larger discretion in apportion ing as to provide a more eff icient penal dis- hard and heavy ol' sentences Protestantism Mr. to offonces. It will perhaps faci- cipline, aud also to see if fu rther restraint l^jucwifl if . Lord John Mannkhs, however, in 158 . . EBB IiEABEB. fNo. 360. SU ™t™,.t. the hig the TLtjiijAjso candidate, and -when. Utjt- often have I besought the Lords, hest court of it ; so that (let us be just) you. have speaks North Leicestershire obeys— judicature, seriously io consider the peculiarity, so dis- the cares of much of iiAUD creditable to the law of England, of treating In-each of property, without any of its ad otherwise, how did the Marquis of GaAWBX trust as an excuse^ to the wrong-doer, while all other vantages.^ As at present constituted it t find himself a representative man, and how, systems of jurisprudence regard it as an. aggravation, of an onerous offi ce, and too often a thankle in the names of G-oscote, Fha.iila.nd, and his offence. Take tie law of Scotland, for instance. one The honest trustee can S3 The indictment sets forth that theft is a heinous crime, get little or Q-abteee, is Edvaed Uasil Parnsam a nothing for hxs labour, and only the member of Parliament ? The Southampton and severely: punishable by the laws of all well-governed can reap roC realms, more especially if committed in breach of a any profit. It is only fair, then, that if election resembled a battle on Scamander's trust. But in. the Avell-govemed realm of England there the law is amended so as to bind trustees "b was can. be no criminal indictment at all, nothing beyond a. flowery ank ; but the Greenwich day to their duty more strongly, it should also an ingloriousl)onnybrook, at which the praise civil suit, against a trustee wbo robs those for whom he insist upon their is entrusted; for by an absurd refinement, which pre- being paid for their wort - of a Portugal-street Thersites was sung by j STo man should be expected to give his O Seven Dials ! vents any court except the Court of Chancery from laboux a Tipperarv Pinbab. Sing, taking notice of the existence of the latter parties, he is for nothing, and it is notorious "that the liow a candidate from far, in a chariot rolled not a criminal, but only a debtor, and only a debtor in. under-payment of agents is one great source dispensed what -we are pleased to call equity." along by four impatient steeds, of embezzlement. It is one thing to under- large draughts of " joy-in-the-heart-of-man- Xes, this is the precise state of the case : a take the office of trustee when your old beer j and Jio w the bilious min- friend inspiring" fraudulent trustee, who derives his authority tells you that his daughter is going to be strels, who, since the pale-eyed morning and ownership from the Court of Chancery, married, and the wedding-dresses are ordered broke, had been imbibing unconstitutional is held . to be answerable only to that court and the bride-cake is baking, and the tians round the favours gin, danced like mad Egyp for his misdeeds > and as the only punishment are being made ready for your button-hole, and booth. But, from the Crimea came a war- in the nature of a criminal punishment which it is quite another thing to execute the duties rior ;—lie unseated the taunting charioteer, the Court- of Chancery administers is for con- of that office , when the husband is on one whom (politically) black Death received, and tempt of its authority, the remedy of the side, and tlie wife on the other, beseeching him the white-armed maidens of Kent may cestius que tr ust,—which is good law-French you to betray your trust, and to sow the . mourn—but Codringhon goes into Parlia- for the unfortunate persona whom he lias seeds of a Chancery suit with the children ment. in cheated,-—lies only against his estate. But order that some temporary release from a if that is gone, if that is scattered to the pressing difficulty may be afforded ; or, more ERA.TJDULENT TRUSTEES. winds like the trust-moneys "which have been still, when the orphaned children are at your Aptee a rather long period of inaction, the confided to him, then there is neither remedy door, asking you what has become of pro- veteran reformer is once more up and doing, to be got nor punishment to be adjud ged ; perty wasted through your criminal com- —Henky Loud Brougham, true to his old the legal robber is as free as air to go out plaisance. ' These are the difficulties which. vocation, is again "bestirring himself among into the highways and by-ways, foist his name prudent men see in tho distance, and which, the dirty holes and corners of the law. His (if possible) into another trust-deed, hold an prevent them from accepting trusteeships* late letters :to the Law Amendment Society, equitable pistol at tlie head of new victims, and thus it is that, the good men refusing to and to Lord Haj>:no:r, are fresh manifesta- and bid them stand and deliver fortune, hap- do the work, it necessarily falls into weak or tions of the extraordinary activity which has piness, and hope. evil-doing hands. animated this extraordinary man at every From the time when Trusts made their The law therefore requires amendment on part of his eventful career : there is the same first appearance in the English law, they both sides. The trustee must be liable for vigour of thought, the same uncompromising have never been regarded with any great his breach of trust to the last shilling of his severity of expression, tie same restless ac- favour by the untechnieal ; yet the scientific property, and where fraud can "be proved tivity to amend abuses and sweep away hum- lawyers have always regarded them with he must be liable to that condign punish- bugs and evil-doers from the earth. And affection ; and we can scarcely wonder at ment in his. own person which such a vile, certainly, if there are two subjects better cal- this when we recognise in them the fruitful criminal peculator deserves- On the ofcliec. culated than any other to rouse the dormant and inexhaustible source of three-fourths of hand, there should be a regular por-ceufcaige fire , of the old man eloquent, they must be the legal chains which now enslave the soil upon the management of trust-estates, fixed thoBc bo which Lord Brougham: has lately of England, and nino-tenfchs of the litigation with the same certainty as the legacy duty ov been turning his attention—the Ticket-of- which has drained that soil to the enrichment any other tax upon property, and payable to Le&ve Question and the Law respecting Frau- of the lawyers. To borrow a simile from the trustee as remuneration for his labour*, dulent Trustees. the turf, they were got by Priestcraft out Such a provision would take away the last, One of these subjects is quite enough for a of Chicane. To what monkish brain we indeed the sole excuse that can be-urged iu journalist to grapple with at one time. It are indebted for this subtle invention we favour of fraudulent trustees. may be within the compass of a Beottgham know not ; but it is certain-¦th at it is from A_ suggestion has been thrown out in favour to take them both together and, like Her- the casuists of the Church that this scheme of having an official trustee, just as we already cules in his cradle, strangle a python with for hiding the real ownership of the land ori- have an official assignee ; but we do not well each; hand. There may also be a kind of ginally emanated. It was part of the great see how that would be practicable- There is latent connexion between the two subjects ; system of ^pedients and dodges with which an intimacy necessary between the trustee for coon we not draw comparisons between the the most holy Catholic Church endeavoured and those for whom, ho stands legal sponsor, rough villain who reeks with tobacco and gin to support that enormous scheme of a'ggran- which no mere official personage could ac- and throttles you in his hard grasp, or beats dizement whereby she hoped to absorb within quire. As it is, the X/ord Chancellor is trus- out your brains with a bludgeon that he pos- herself not only all the power but all the tee for all who have none and who require one, sess, himself of your loose cash, and the wealth of Europe. "When tho law against and in the caso of orphan wards ho exercises sleek and well-dressed Mr. 'G-ammon who re- Mortmain interfered between tho dying and some portion of his duties personally, gene- lieves you of your money in larger quantities, penitent owner of lands and the crafty priest rally with great advantage to tho wards ; but but by quieter means, and contents himself who made the cession of his property and the even here it is fo und necessary to delegate with ruining your prospects and breaking your spoliation of his hoirs the sole condition of the details of the post to some other guardian, heart. But we refrain. We have at all forgiveness and salvation, some astute eccle- and then the Keeper of the lloyal Conscien ce times, a, prudent respect for legal questions. siastical brain discovered that there was a finds it necessary to havo recourse to some old "We TOell know that lawyers (like all other means of evading tho law, by conveying or and trusted friend of tho family. technical persons) arc very bigoted about devising the property to a layman to be held In proportion as trust is reposed is tho their technicalities, and that an argument, in trust for the Church. This was the ori gin wickedness of its fraudulent betrayal in- when brought to bear upon one of these ex- of trusteeships, and although wo aro far from creased. Upon trustees do all the fortune clusive subjects , will fail utterly in its pur- denying that it has afforded some protection to and all tho happiness of a family frequently pose if it displays the slightest 'ignorance of women and children , and has ovon protected depend, and if they betray the confidence) any quirk or quiddit connected with tho spendthrifts against themselves, it must be placed in them, they commit a crimo which matter. It appears to us, therefore, that one confessed that this systom has not a very too often proves to be tantamount to a legal question at a time is quite as much aa creditable parentage. murder. we oan undertake to grapple with , and the Aa there aro low men who have not in question shall be the law affecting fraudulent some form or other been, induced, at some AN IDEAL SESSION. trustees. poriod of their lives, to look into tho dutios Sin Soim "Eahdivk y 'Wii-mot has drawn up In his letter to Lord Badn-ok, Lord of trusteosh ip, with a view to making up i;ho prospectus of an idoul parliamentary iiitouoii AM refers to this class of offenders their own minds as to whether or not they session.* Liko moat; idoals, it is strongly m tho following terms :— shall undertake thorn , wo do not think it ai aimped with personal sympathies and antipa- " Th°™ ia. another failure, or at least a postponement y, to bO Btill , necessary to enlarge upon, this branch of tho thies ; it is fcho creed of advanced Whi ^'cr raora regretted. Tho law respecting broach l.i-i r:iL- of trust is loft in tho .saino stalo as l>ofore, nn' Willow B«d of .plunder, -which h»vo K-**t< m. lly Sir J. lately been exhibited. How and aro cxpectod not to touch a shilling oi Hart. Longman and Co. February 14* 1857.] THE LEADSIk 159 ism-^which is agreed upon by elderly baronets annual three bills on the subjects of Church hopes of relief, and stopping the vray of those ill amber drawing-rooms, "but which is not discipline, testamentary jurisdiction, and mar- who would really give us the reform. If calculated to attract to itself the enthusiastic riage and divorce. He proposes to place the priests are his favourites, he is less con- support of any party in or out of the Legis- procedure against clergymen, guilty of im- siderate to wills, but cruellest of all to Avives. lature. Sir Easdley "Wilmjot is a Reformer moral conduct or of bad doctrine, under some •—sincere and vigorous:—but a Reformer of kind of rule. Priests in the pulpit would no MOLDO-WALLACHIA-N AGENCIES. that class which Avould trim a ' measure ' longer be persecuted by dissenting church- Tilth French Government has declared itself into an elegant pattern, and send ifc up to the wardens, but a clergyman must take the favourable to the Union of the Damibian House of Lords etherealised and perfumed, initiative before the bishop : and prosecu- Pxincipalities. The discussion, therefore, has with no rough sufaces or sharp edges. Pre- tions for immorality Avould . cease to be the advanced a step since we last adverted to it ; cisely similar in spirit is Mr. GeorgeI-Luihis,* Arent for private spite. But perhaps the but no new points have been raised for in- who adds another to the long category of greatest favour which the Lobd ChawceIiIiOii vestigation. However, considering the posi- theoretical-He-form Bills, and desires that has conferred upon the clergy is, that he has ti on held by England with reference to Mol- every learned order and every profession shall not yet got his bill ready. It is most de- davia and. "W auacliia, there are some circum- depute its delegates to the House of Com- sirable that there should be a reform of the stances indirectly bearing on the subject, to mons, treating the nation, the body of the law bearing upon the gentlemen in black, but which we invite the attention of the reader. commonwealth, as a mere numerical majority a* bill by the Loud Chancellor, is as certain It would be well if, while endeavouring to not comparable in importance with a Eaeulty a preventive of any improvement as any reform the Turkish Empire, we undertook to or an Academy. finality ever yet invented. reform our own agents in Turkey. The East, Mi*. Harms is not so practical as Sir The abuses that have made wills the food which we propose to fashion after our own EardIjET Wilmot, who solicits the support of rats ; the legacies and means of legatees;, image, must have a strange power of trans- of Lord Brougham for a programme Avhich the food of proctors ; the expenses the food forming the strangers who inhabit it, since it is infinitely too liberal for the present Cabi- of courts, with unsettled, and barbarous, and has so powerful an action on Englishmen, net. He is infected, however, with the fallacy dilatory jurisdiction, are perfectly well known r who boast that wherever they go they always that Party-GrOA ernrneiit has ceased to exist, to every reader of JBleale House and David remain emphatically and positively English. forgetful of the truth" that Toryism and . Oopperjielcl; that is, to all the world,! The If we cannot say what Ave gained by the last "Whiggery divide the Legislature as com- 'Lord Chancellor has to amend this ; but ¦war, if our taxes have been, augmented in pletely as ever, and that wliat seenis a fusion what does he do ? He retains the diocesan order that thousands of souls might perish is only a floating fragment which, occasion- districts, lie retains the proctors, and, by Avay from cold or hunger in the East, those who ally unites the political continents on the of improving the confu sion, he creates a new had the good fortune to return are able to tell right and left of tine Speaker's chair. How- court Avh ere no new court is wanted, puts us that they saw with their own eyes the ever, he strikes off, after some preliminary at its head a com-inon-law- judge, and places it misery of the Turks > and found the represen- pages, into the question of Parliamentary under the Court of Chancery. - . tatives of England more Turkish than, the Reform ; proposing to disenfranchise totally But the best of the joke is the legislation Ottomans themselves. It . appears that many or partially, a'number of small and decaying on the subject of marriage and/ divorce. It of these gentlemen, instead of endeavouring boroughs—leaving, fifty seats for distribution would be quite waste of time to examine the to introduce into Turkey our customs and among those counties and boroughs which drafts of legislation, ¦which- are nothing more civilization, have thought it more agreeable are now imperfectly represented, or not di- than dreams. Tliey would have been greeted to become Turks themselves, and have been rectly represented at all. Enlarge the basis in. the House of XordS with a shout of laugh- so accustomed to Eastern life that they have of the suffrage by reducing the electoral ter—Avere it not that all the laAv lords, yes, actually succeeded in getting themselves qualification ; but do this in a nibbling, even the reactionary Lord St. Leonards, called Pachas. Our agents, of all classes, in hesitating way, is the counsel of Sir Eard- really wish to get oil with reforms-— and Turkey, would seem to have formed, by i,ey Wilmot. Sit Earbiey now turns a amusement at the Chancellor's vagaries* means of reciprocal services and protection, a corner and reaches the Ballot. 3ie hates it, is crushed in indignation at the .waste species of Mutual Annuity; Society, with does not understand it, insults it, and passes of time. The man means well, lie had in the assistance of Avhich they slip from under on, without adducing the ghost of an argu- his Bill a provision by which any married the control of the central Government ; and ment in disparagement of the principle. The couple, oil agreement, might obtain a divorce once installed in office , they remain there for Ballot, Sir Eabdley", has been adopted as a for all practical purposes—except marrying life, no matter what their conduct may be. liberal test ; and, at the next election, it again. ]Nfo doubt this proposal creates a Doubtless it •would bo a pernicious policy to will go hard Avith many candidates, unless great deal of alarm. People are content to make frequent changes in our consular esta- they advance a few steps on this point, and see the hideous amount of vice which goes on blishments, but our present system of' per- meet the popular desires. at present ; the domestic discord ; the collu- petual service in such situations is often The ideal session, supposed by tho Recorder sion. Tlie man who sells his wife, and, dis- seriously inconvenient, when we consider that of Warwick, Avou ld restore the system of appointed of payment, brings an ^ction for these agents aro virtually free from control— transportation, abolish tickets of leave, put criminal conversation,'is condemned to main- especially in Turkey, where so many tempta- a check on the royal prerogative in cases of tain the same happy home which ho has tions abound and so many facilities aro murder, reform the law of divorce, purge the exposed to the public ; and that is said to be afforde d for intrigue. After too long a resi- ecclesiastical courts, enlarge the jurisdiction in the interest of " morality !" The poorer dence they lose sight of their mission, and of county courts, cheapen Chancery, establish husband;, avIio, like poor Mr. Tjdnnaut ap- become accustomed to feel arid see tilings a department of public justice. These are peals to tho Marlborough-street police court in the- same light as tho natives, while the views, this is t h o ideal, of an irresponsible against tho Avifo that pursues him Avith frequently they crcato for themsolves in- Whig; what should we expect from the same drunken vileiiesaes and wastes hia substance, terests us contrary to those of tho co untry Whig in officia l letters ? It is to be feared must continue to exemplif y conjugal fidelity. they reside in as to thoso of the co untry that, Avithout an agitation sproading far and A direct and orderly separation i3 what tho they represent. Tho vices of tho system wide, and resounding like that of 1830, the public mind is not at present prepared are nowhere more apparent than in tho policy of the Whigs Avill continue tamo, slow, to tolerate. The proposal ¦ horrified. Lord Dimubian Principalities, whero life annui- and unsatisfactory. Gamimjklii, and tho CjiANOioiiLOit himsoll ties aro secured to the representatives oi As a rider to this statement, avo wish to mention ed the provision Avith that modest British interests, who, oven if wo suppose notice the taunt so frequently flun g at the voico which invites condemnation. "But there them to havo once possessed tho necessary Liberal party. Jt has no recognised or pal- is another provi sion Avhich ho did not include qualifications, havo, in twenty or thirty years, pable organization,. We know, and havo in hia hill. Jn tho case of Ling versus become necessarily disqualified for the posts acknowledged that fact. But Avh y is it a Ohokio k, Sir I'ltinvKmc.K Tiihstqick , the high in which they havo been forgotten, lu the fact ? Because tho Liberal party has never Conservative, expressed tho embarrassment Principalities our representatives are not been in power ; the 'Whi gs and 'Tories havo and dilllculty wl lich he felt in bringing before a more commercial agon be; they havo also a held office alternately lor centuries ; tho court of law a caso of criminal conversation, diplomatic mission, and aro pitted in that Liberals have been invariably excl uded. On lie described tlio exposure, ao disgraceful to capacity against other consula generall y the tin's account, unless rallied round the standard every person concerned , even to tho plaint/ill most eminent of Europoan diplomatists. of some exciting question, they are nceos-wurily who is appealing I "or justieo. j ' " always fool At tho conclusion of tho Avar , .bVance, scattered , and their course of action i « us oppressed Avith these considerations Avhonevor Austria , Russia, Prussia, and even Belgium, necessarily indelinile. I. lmvo to open a cn.se of this kind." It ia the sent spcciul agents to deal with tho excep- one iihiifi o which most challenges instant re- tional wtiitc of things which had arisen in WILLS, W.LVKS, AND IMtl.KSTS. mova l. The Ij OIII ) Oil A.NOE1 j liOlt ' S hill (loOB Moldo-Wallachia—England alone employed tho Tina Loudwith CiUKCui.Lort , deservesban to bo a fa- nothing for it. ,I!o persecutes wives and hus- on thid special Hcrvico her consuls of twenty clergy produced YP^^te ; ho his bands with another of his tentative- clauses., yen™' Hiaudin^. These gentlemen thus fancied rite True, Theory of Itejtrisc.ntutioit. \\ y (leorjjo leaving them to every misery created by tlui themselves in tho palmy days of their iirsi; Harr is. Longm an and Co. past or the present law , tantalizing them Avitli appointment, and limi ted their action, to tho THE LEADER, [No. 360, 160 - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ I . . - ¦ ¦-. - .- ¦ .. — ,..— i ¦ Saturday . ¦..--'-¦¦ I . ¦ ¦ ¦ _ .._ .. ' ' " * ' ' --^-^-———^«-—-^tM^M^^t M^MMM^il^"^"!"™^——^i^—i —— ^M^M^ ———^^^ —^-^^— ——¦ — — -_ ment, whose conduct was thus arraigned. That of the Ameer at Calcutta protection of this or that family of Boyards, , nor has the Indian O^ or aspirants to power. Ignorant of the great deficiency is now supplied. The Persian Govern- vernment in any way interfered with the internal ment have put forth their counter-statement, and affairs of the Affghan kingdom since the changes impending, yet desirous of taking have pronounced their own con- return of iX part in them, they spent their long leisure in in so doing armies of retribution. But Lad it even been otherwise demnation. —were it meontestably proved that it was organizing hunts after the British fashion, at "the ir,* According to the official organ, the Teheran stigation " of the perfidious English that Dost Ma and formed thus a claim to the name of Re- Gazette, the rupture with Mr. Murray was caused homed reduced Candahar to a state of -peaceful British Minister extending the protection of formers. As for our consul in partibti s, as by the submission—in what manner can that movement be our honorary agent at Iassy is called, he the national flag to all the servants of the Em- construed into a menace against Herat iti/lirt mi nrK -f c ? No less J-*nocj TT a 1x01-1 i~n ¦fYi/' ^c/i u ^ J-bUU V*o * J.v/*ol VbM enlii onfo * cannot give himself up to these innocent %J\AiJ *JJ y V/>VU WV UliWUW U **V *JV UUMIVUUU urgent an emergency than the violation of the Hera? more of his Majesty the Shah." In like manner, when territories could justify tie entry of the pleasures, for his age and infirmities for M'NEiiiL in '1837-38 demanded a fitting repa- Persian than ten years past hare caused him to Mr. , , troops ; and, as already shown, with the removal of ration for the insult offered to his country in the the offence the defensive measure -was bound abandon them, as well as work of every kind. outrages to be gross committed on the person of bis simultaneously withdrawn. Dost Mahomed did Most remarkable of all, however, the groom, by the sanction and in the presence of tlSi not invade Herat, but the Persians even panubian public finds our agents mixed up captured Prime Minister, the " Persian Government asserted that city by force of arms, and against the will of in. all the Boyard coteries, and might not be their right to seize, jyimish, or put to death, without its inhabitants. In contravention of existing treaties to believe tliat reference to the British Minister, the Persian ser- the Court of Teheran disinclined, in consequence, 3 noiv declares Herat to be they share in the profits which are made by vants in his employment.' * But such pretensions Persian soil, just as on tlie former occasion it de- are so completel at variance with the spirit and clared that the rightful dominions the abuses of the country. The result is, that y " of the Shah ex-* we have lost the legitimate influence we were letter of international law, that they are unworthy tended to Ghuzni." Under the Saffarean dynasty entitled to possess in the rich countries of of a serious refutation. both Herat and Candahar -were conquered provinces Mr. Murray is further charged j^ith mixing liim: of the " king of kings ;" and in the reign of Queen the Lower Danube at the very time when it self up " with, the (?) intrigues relating to Af ghan- Mary Calais was a possession of t3ie was of most importance that we should British Crown. pre- istan in general, and to Herat in particular," con- When the sovereigns of England Reassert their serve it, and where, had we been properly trary to the stipulation prohibiting the interference claims to the throne of Prance, it "will be lawful for represented, it would have been increased ; of the British. Government " in Persian, and Affghan the Shah to enforce his.sovereign rights over the for the Roumana had, from the first, turned affairs, except as a mediator yiththe consent of both Affghan cities. In the meantime his Majesty's towards England for sympathy. parties." Eor this stipulation we are referred to Ministers, and their un-English advocates in this At the outbreak of the war something three treaties, said to haye been concluded between country, will do well to invent a move plausible was said of an inquiry into our consular the two Cabinets. First, in 1809, with Sir Hartord excuse for the invasion of Afghanistan than a pre- Jones ; second, in 181 2, . with Mr. Crosley ; and tended menace on the part of Dost Mahomed system, but little has since been heard of third, in 1814, with Mr. Ellis. Now, in the first- against a pett principalit the subject. No doubt Lord y y which the Shah was EaijMehston, named treaty, there does exist an article to that pledged, indeed, to protect,'but not to conquer and who intends to remain a long time in power, effect, but it immediately precedes one . couched in oppress. The friendly remonstrances of the British is in no hurry to introduce the necessary the following terms :— Government have been met by insolence and de reforms in the various branches of our public u VIII. It is acknowledged the intent and meaning of rision, its representative subjected to repeated in- service. It is not so with the English people. these preliminary articles are defensive. And it is like- sults, and ft heavy blow aimed at the foundation of We may therefore very properly express a wise agreed, that as long as these preliminary articles the barriers of its Indian empire. To remain tran- hope that some one will be found in Parlia- remain in force, his Majesty the King of Persia shall quil under such affronts would letoken a pusilla- ment to not enter into any engagement inimical to his Britannic nimity as yet unknown to the British character, call attention to this important sub- Majesty, or pregnant with injury or disadvantage to the and might be fraug ject Britishterritories in India. ht witli pernicious consequences , and that something more than repartee " to the maintenance-- of our moral influence in the may be demanded of our dexterous Premier. In 1812 no treaty whatever was concluded be- East. tween the two Cabinets. Certain articles, indeed, were drawn up and signed by Sir Gore Ouseley, Public Income and Expenditcrk.—The total in- GO TO—BATH ! Mahomed Shefi, and Mahomed Hassatst, but come of the United Kingdom for the year ended the 30th "We may anticipate a Bath Book of Sports. they were not ratified by the British Government. of September, 1856 , amounted to 71,348,066/., and th« total expenditure to 83,307,477?., leaving a deficit of The Western City of Pleasure has repented The definitive treaty, however, negotiated by Mr. 16,959,411V. The Customs yielded. 23,093, 300?.; the ifc of its sins, and the children of the Union Henry Ellis, in 1814, among the " happy leaves" Excise, 17,861,777?.; stamps, 7,180,041?. ; taxes, Schools are the scapegoats turned into the of " a nosegay plucked from the thornless Garden of 3,100,026?. ; the income, or, as it is here called, the wilderness to atone for the levities of the Concord," does certainly contain that most absurd " Property-tax," 15 ,940,3.30?. ; and the Post-office , Pump and injudicious stipulation. But tlie general tenor 2,768,152/. As regards the expenditure, 28,625,517/. -room, and the other profane recrea- of that treaty was so utterly untenable, that, only a was appropriated to the charge of the public debt ; tions of 3£ing Bjladtjd and his visitors. The few months afterwards, two import ant articles were 1,750,321?. to the charges on the consolidated fund (in- illustration in point is this :—Mr . Chute, annulled for a pecuniary consideration, aud the cluding the civil list salaries and courts of justice) ; and the lessee of the Bath Theatre, a gentleman whole was set aside in 1838 in consequenc e of the 57,931,638?. to the supply services. Of these last the very much embroilment between the two Governments. It is army and ordnance cost tlie country 28,094,824?., a sum respected by the residents, invited 17 608 995/. ; of more impor ance o examin h w far e r ic es equal to the interest of the debt ; the navy, , , the Chairman of the Board of Guardians to t t e o th a t l the vote of credit (war with Russia}, 1,410,000?. ; mis- send all the children of the Union Schools to of agreement concluded in 1853 between the Bri- cellaneous civil services, €,693,172?.; and the salaried a day performance of liia pantomime. The tish Plenipotentiary and the Persian Prime Minister of revenue departments, 4,124,G4C ?. The balances of justify the interposition of this country ia defence Chairman, Mr. J. W. Bush, accepted the public money in the Exchequer on the 30th of Septem- of Herat. ber, amounted to 7,084,743?. In the year ended the offer, subject to the approval of the Guar- By that document the Persian Government re- 31s t of December last, the income was 72,218,988?., and dians. To the Guardians, therefore, the linquished all claims to the sovereignty of Herat, the expenditure 82,323,400?., leaving a deficit of question was submitted. What did those and engaged to abstain from all interference what- 10,104,412?., or less by 600,000?. thaii at the end of the gentlemen say ? They protested against an soever in the internal affairs of that free and inde- preceding quarter. Tho produce of the income-tax for act which " would lead the children into the pendent city. It was only in the event of a hostile the year was 16 ,028,42 \l. The balances of publ ic lorce invading the territories of Herat that the Persian monoy at the end of the year amounted to the sum total paths of disgrace and shame "—the disgrace of 6,942,427?.— Times. of innocent enj oyment, the shame of holiday Government was authorized to seiid troopa to main- I1ea.lt n ov London,—The deaths registered in laughter. These tain the integrity of those territories, and it pledged London, which had been in the first week of January were the words of the Reve- itself to withdraw this friendly and auxil iary force rend Mx. NEWJraAM. Then rose Mr. Cot- 1135 , and in the last week of the same month 1201) , so soon as the invaders retired to their own conn- rose in tho week that end ed last Saturday to 1368. In TERELii, by profession a " Friend," and then try. It is now alleged by the Court of Teheran the years 1847-56, the average number of deaths in the Mr. DAiiLAWAT, whose ignominious nonsense that the case contemplated by these provisions had weeks corresponding with, last ¦week was 1180. If tins amounted to a libel on. the Bath Theatre and arrived whenDosTMAHOMED, on the death of his bro- average is raised for the purpose of comparison propor- its lessee. ther Kohundii, Khan, possessed himself of the town tionally to increase of population , it will become 1298 ; The result was, aa the Bath Jour- vhich nal says, a sud e of Candahar. The Ameer, as the paramount autho- and hence it appears th at the rate of mortality " d n, sad, and vexatious dis- prevailed last week was higher than tho average rate m appointment" to the children rity in Afghanistan, was clearly justified in taking births of ; in. other words, measures to prevent disturbances within the do- the beginning of February.—Last week, the a cold Bath,—at this irls were regis- inclement season, too. minions subject; to his suzerainty. Had lie exhi- 976 boys and 915 g , in all 189 1 children, Mr. Chute was rebuked for hiB generous tered In London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the bited less promptitude and energy, tho most terribl e years 1847-5C, tho average number was 162G.—Fr om proposal, and Bath was saved from the " dis- anarchy woidd nave ensued, and perhaps the entire grace and shame the Registrar-GeneraV s Weekly Return. " of a merry day among the kingdom might have been involved in tho horrors of Ricsistanci!: to tub Xivkui'ool Town Pmw.—One children of the poor. The pupils are the victims a civil war. It is asserted, indeed, that he acted of tho most important questions in connexion with tlw of the guardians ; but the guardians are the "by the advice and counsel " of the English, but imposition of the Liverpool town dues ia the legal nght pupils of society, which sanctifies the bigot not a single proof is adduced in support of tliia of tho corporation to oxact dues from vcssols which, gratuitous assertion. There is neither a British though passing up tho river, make no uao of tho Liver- Envoy at Cauhul, nor any accredited representative pool Docks. This particularly affects the;small port o COTJNTER-DECLAUATION OF PEUSIA. Garston, about four miles up the river, on the Liverpool No one who has attentively perused * Kaye'a War in Afghanistan , vol. i. p. 2 <5C. A new sido. There is alrondy a commodious dock, with di rect tho proclama- ves- tion of war issued by the Governor-General of India edition of this valuable work is now being published by railway communication (St. Hel m's ltuilway), and can have failed to Mr. Bontloy at a price that places it within reach of the sels of largo bunion can bo received there. The question entertain strong suspicions that call* a valid cause for hostilities had been moat modest library. Tlio firat volumo contains an of righ t to levy dues on-vesseLs trading thero and not furnished by animated description of tho former siege of Herat ith Messrs. Pcndor, ot the Court of Teheran. The only thing, indeed, , w ing at Liverpool is about to he tried, wanting to a copies in extenso of tho treaties botweon tho British nnd Manchester, liaving given notice to tlio corporation positive conviction was tho absence of Persian Governments to which , wl»u« any sort of explanation on tho , such frequent allusions officials of their intention to despatch a vessel part of the Govcm- have recently boon made, has loaded at Garston, -without, paving tU<> lOWtt uWQ3' - February 14, 1857.] THE LEA D ER, 161 troop of these rodent comedians, admirably drilled by tbeir Swedish manager. ITitmiim We trust that the ingenious Swede will bring his troop to London, that we may add our " inextinguishable laughter" to the applause of all who witness Critics are not the legislators, but the judges and police of literature. They do not these interesting beasts. makelaws—they interpret and try to enforc e them.—Edinburgh Review. « Let us, in passing, also call attention to an. article on Thackekay, in the Why is it that teachers of Elocution usually have either a brogue or a stutter, Revtce des Deux Mondes (for January), by M. H. Taine, a young writer of and that essayists on Style usually display a remarkable deficiency of those more than ordinary promise. It is essentially critical and appreciative, not very qualities they would have others acquire ? Longinus, ' indeed, " was a mere pouring out of common-places. himself the great sublime he drew ;" but his successors are, for the most part, dull dogs. In the new number of the North British some juvenile Lohginus THE INDIAN NAPIER. discourses on " Modern Style."/ How competent he is to appreciate Litera- The Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles James Napier, G.C.B. By Lieut.- ture will be estimated by every reader who meets this sentence on the very General Sir W. JTapier, K.C.B. Vols. I. and II. Murray. first page : " Now we have no Drama but the ^French—no Poetxy hut a All the letters, all the journals, of Sir Charles Napier are interesting. A, Laureat's—no Humour but the shilling -wit of Egyptian Hall ; arid how deli- certain interest is possessed, also, by Sir William Napier's narrative; but " Sir Charles speaking for himself is immeasurabl cate a sense of style guides our critic s pen ma y more impressive than Sir ' y be estimated from this sample, William speaking for Sir Charles. Yet to be impressive has been the one both of bis writing and his thinking :—¦ object of tlie biographer, and the effort has gone far to spoil bis book. He But the style must differ in proportion to the subject, and -when this requires it, writes in an invariable strain of pomp, is always florid in his eulogy, violent there are beauti es which must be brought in. Venus must not he slovenly and un- in his criticism. He appears, indeed These adornments -which, , to suffer from a monomamacal per- kempt. , like the blemishes we have pointed out, are some suasion that to be a Napier is to ton the world, and that, as Sir Charles's derived from gemius, some from education. The former must not be striven after, prowess were heroic, the words of Sir William are oracular. but their" absence in a writer of celebrity is Justly censured. Such are power, warmth, We have read enthusiasm, and lofty fli ghts. Yet the excess of these virtues constitutes some of the these volumes, therefore, with a feeling of regret that the " Life" was not vices mentioned- Mr. Gr. P. R. J ames is a signal instance of too much power (whe- composed by a less partial pen, the more so, because -the partialitv is indis- ther natural or not, we leave the reader to decide)—^becoming bombastic, unnatural, creetly displayed, and, in consequence, fatiguing. It is only to the spirit and and even ridiculous ; and Mr. Dickens, whose forte lies in character, not in descrip- to the manner of the work, however, that any objection can be raised. Sir tion, has often gone to the most absurd, lengths in his attempts to divest a necessary William Napier is a ready writer, knows how to arrange his materials, is picturing of its tedium. Again, all these beauties must be used sparingly, and in the always vigorous, and occasionally brilliant. He has not the art of literary right time and quantity. If you cry wolf too often, your neighbours become deaf. modulatio n ; his style is monotonously rotund, heraldic, defiant ; but, with Tlie opening- article of the Review is more worthy of it than this ambitious not a few defects, this book of biography and " opinions" is a remarkable article on Stvle ;" it is on the Employment of Women, and continues the publication, which most persons will read to the end with unabated curiosity. " ¦ " " excellent series of papers on the Woman question which the Heview has of late Sir William's conspicuou s fault, as we have said, consists in his affectation of pomp. The two volumes are divided, as a History of the World nu"-ht years produced. It mainly treats of employment for tlie lower classes, but be, into sixteen " epochs," and the epochs into " periods." The first glances also at- the higher. On. the folly of rearing girls, solely with a view to volume begins, " This shall be the story of a man who never tarnished his marriage, the writer well says :— reputation by a shameful deed ;" but the stentorian biographer, if he loves This is the great cardinal error of our system. High and low, it is all the same. large words, hates long paragraphs, and strikes at once into tlie substance Instead of educating every girl as though! she were born to be an independent, self- of his narration. . The course of Sir Charles Napier's life; from his birth at supporting rneuaber of society, we educate her to become a mere dependent, a hanger- Whitehall in 1792, to his administration of Sindh in 1843, presents a series on, or as the law delicately phrases it, a chattel. In some respects, indeecL we err of prominent episodes, Irish, Peninsular, Italian, Ionian, Greek, Australian, more barbarously than those nations among whom a plurality of wives is permitted, English, And Indian. It is not too much to say that he distinguished himself and who regard women purely as so much live stock ; for among such people women under every circumstance, and in every capacity, and that when past his are, at all even ts, provided with shelter, with food , and clothing—they are ' cared sixtieth year, his genius seemed brightening with the lapse of time ; nor is for' as cattle are. There is a completeness in such a system. But among ourselves, , We treat women as cattle, without providing for them as cattle. "We take the -worst it unjust to add that he was not always generously or gratefully used l>y the part of barbarism and the worst part of civilization, and work them into a hetero- government he served. Sir William Napier, of course, applies his most «eneoTis whole. We bring up our women to be dependent, and then leave them with- imperative emphasis to accusations against men and factions ; and in spite out any cm* to depend on. There is no one—there is nothing for them to lean upon ; of his acrimony, he appears to be right, though there may have been reasons, and they fall to the ground. not stated by this biographer, why a Napier should never remain long on .Now, what every woman, no less than every man, should have to depend upon, is friendly terms with any administration. Sir Charles, like the rest of his an ability, after some fashion or other, to turn labotir into money. She may or may family, was vain, impetuous, eager to command , as ' fearless in corre- not be compelled to exercise it, but everyone ought to possess it. If she belong to spondence as in battle, an excellent general, but a very indiscreet lett the richer classes, she may have to exercise it; if to the pooi'er she assuredly will. er- , writer. It must not be supposed , however, that his epistolary style In the same spirit, and in tones of earnest, direct, almost lioman eloquence resembled the historical style of his biographer ; the one is curt, simple, Miss Bab.ba.ba Leigh Smith takes up this question in an article published in^ easy ; the other is ostentatious and swelling—th e refinement of bombast, the the Waverley J ournal (Eeb. 7th), and reprinted as & threepenny pampliLct by burlesque of epic. • Bosworth aud Hakhison, Sir Charles Napier was eldest son of the Honourable George Napier of ltcgcnt-street, under the title of " Women and the pupil of Hu me—and Sarah Lennox Work." This very remarkable pamphlet states in a few pregnant decisive , daughter of the Duke of Rich- mond—the lady who, at eighteen, declined to marry George HI., and who passages the rational arguments which demand a place for women among the afterwards would have been happy to accept his hand—instead of which he workers in modern, society ; showing how such an extension of woman's sphere sent her an apology. Charles, rendered sickly in his childhood by " the of activity would no t only ameliorat e her condition, physical and moral, but misconduct of a barbarous nurse," was stunted in liis growth, but evinced, also ameliorate society. The style is distinguished by its nervous concision as certai n trilling anecdotes are intended to show, precocious signs of "enius. , At twelve years of age he directness, and propositional clearness ; in this absence of all hesitating wordi- obtained a commission in the D uke of Welling- ton's regiment ; was transferred to the command of Xord Moira, and, after ness there is power, which is fel t all tlie more because a ground-tone of deep a brief interval of life in camp, was sent to an Irish seminary. There he feeling, like a line moving bass, runs through every paragraph. This is the organized the pupils into a volunteer corps, and was educated to the art of style in which women should advocate the cause of women. arms un til 1795> , when he became aide-de-camp to the general in command In this same Waverley Journ al (which, by tlie way, is in its third volume, of the Limerick district ; next he was on tlie staiFin London , and saw much of ox although we never heard of its existence before), there is an interesting letter F , playing cricket, frightened by a snail. We then find Napier in the b Peninsu la—at Vimiera, at .Lisbon, on the line of retreat from Corunna, in an y Miss Bkssik Kavnbb. Paiikks, on " .French Algiers," and one still more inte- enemy's prison. In his twenty-eighth year began his long series of disputes resting, by tlic same wriier, on a school kept by a French lady in Algiers for with the tiritish administration. Says Sir William , preserve a famishing tiger, only acted " * doctrine that men of genius must give themselves th " You, Sir. O'ConneU, call me ' a ridiculous blockhead, and accuse me of heaping to preserve the perisluWT- * filthy vituperation' on you. Possibly a blockhead I may be; and as I am forced Spirit. When the Arab merchant, Shayk Mohammed of Tunis, went amo l~ by.conviction to go along with you on the subject of a. poor-law for Ireland, I confess Foiians of Central Africa, these intelligent clouded-black critics, observing his S • • reddish-brown complexion 111 alarm, inowing the danger which attends a blockhead when he travels with a con- , and considering the subject in the ligh t of such morT .! physical truth as abounds amongst them, came to the conclusion summate Jknave : but as to vituperation, I have not used it, nor would it be wise to that he was n0! a ripe man ; that he had been born into the world before his time; "do so against so. perfect a master of the art. I once asked a dirty fellow, black as a that men so b m "cTiimney-sweep, if a coal-pit could be descended -without soiling my clothes ? ' Lord are good to eat—and that their Sultan had sent this one to be devoured A ° rude way tliat was, but at least tinaffectcd, of stating the ' ' bless you, I goes down ten times a day and never minds my clothes,' was his answer. doctrine ; and I must sav th^ ¦Do in all the lately published philosophical treatises, I have found no ' such ' .you, Mr. O'Connell, make the application I" proof of ne " In, trating genius as is afforded by the above judgm ent, which proves, moreover if th ' various ways, Napier was an author. He /writes, in 1839 :— work of a poet be to speak what other, men do, that these negroes were 11 'Yigny poets as w 11 Count Alfred de wrote a took to prove that soldiers were helots : Colburn as philosophers. But in order to see the profundity of the remark, we must remember coffered me money to- edit a translation, with preface and notes." that the phrase " made to be eaten" can be very variously translated. With th majority-of the Forians eating meant eating—slicing, And, in the same letter :— broiling, masticating - but one • "Colburn 'has. any. romance, Harold, but I-can't get an answer from him ! Daven- man among them seems to have had more enlarged views, for he proposed that thev port, who is a good fellow, is managing for me with Colbarn, who wants me to edit should wound the Arab in order to see- how long it might take to empty his veins the life of the Duke, but I refused. I saw a letter from Alaric Watts, which says, He apprehended that an unripe man was sent by the Sultan in order that the ripe that to his knowledge the Duke' men might make fo od of him, not for their stomachs only, but also for their s despatches don't sell, and he is out of pocket a - souls- thousand pounds : ttois is curious." that instruction, as well as pleasure, might lawfully be got out of men born into the world before their time. In this way the Forian doctrine may be made to suit a ereat In the Greek islands he knew Lord Byron, and gossiped about him in number of cases, for, in the great human tribe the man born ' laia' letters :— , before mVtime is de- voured in very various ways. In rude states of society they eat him literally and " Lord- Byron tells me he has touched up the Duke of Wellington In Don Juaii : he with relish, but as men advance, they get a distaste for this article of diet, and' take means to write one hundred and fifty cantos, and he gets two thousand pounds a their gratification oat of him in other ways. Lx less rude states they sacrifice him to canto ! Good trade, a poet's !" their gods, believing- that though they themselves cannot, these will relish the delicate Again:— unripe morsel. In still more advanced states they sacrifice him, not to the Powers of " (Lord,Byron is still here, a very good fellow, very pleasant, always laughing and Nature, but to the Moral Power. Tlxey regard him as impious. They immolatehim joking. Ah American gave a very good account of him. in the newspapers, but said for the benefit of morality—pounding him in mortars, giving him hemlock to drink, his head was too large in proportion, -which is not true. He dined with me the day sawing him asunder, crucifying him, burning him, throwing him to wild beasts-r-thus befere the paper arrived, and four or five of us tried to put on his hat, but none could : obtaining, besides the satisfaction of the moral principle, spectacles of great interest he had the smallest head, of all, and one of the smallest I ever saw. He is very com- and greatly gratifying to certain human sensibilities. Civilization teaches the intro- passionate, and kind to every one in distress." duction of the more cruel element of mercy ; the most interesting of all sights being to see the man " die of himself." In 1S39, when Napier was in his fifty-seventh, year, he was appointed to In his eloquent protest against a misjudging world's treatment of genius, the command of the .Northern districts. The Chartist agitation was rising Mr. "Wilson overlooks one to its climax. Sir Charles was sent for b important fact, namely, that the world only y the ministers :— neglects genius because it misjudges it, because it cannot recognize the " Saw Lord John, a mild person In manner; Pcor man, he is in affliction which genius.- Let the .-world- once believe that a man of genius is living, and how makes it hard to judge, but he seems unaffected and thoughtful. He spoke with blind is its worship ! Whether good sense, and without violence against the Chartists, which pleased me." the genius be in its manifestations intelligible or unintelligible, - whether-it he Goethe or Kant, Dickens or Carlyle, thereis The Whigs are charged as the authors of the troubles in the north. Sir no lack of willing adox-ation. Charles sympathized strenuously with the agitators, but was resolved to Mr. Wilson enters a warm protest against the judgment usually passed make use of his military power, if compelled, with rapidity and decision. on Edgar Poe, whom he admits to have been a madman, adding with great Moreover, he hated the demagogues, who turned these evil days to the cogency :— interest of sordid passions. All this part of the narrative is deeply interest- Mr. Willis tells us that that mother-in-law loved him to the last, covered his ing ; it is the light that was wanted for the history of that memorable year failings, got his stories sold, wept and pleaded for him. All which means, let us con- of hope, of error, of disappointment. It is necessary, however, to check the sider, that she who gave him her daughter and had most reason to complain of all statements of this energetic and almost wild historian, who calculated so liis failiugs ; who tended him in sickness, knowing any transient shades of anger, who fi ercely the effect, upon an undisciplined niass, of his rockets, with their "w as often beside him when reason had fled , imagination was degraded, from his white 4 * wriggling tails of fire," but who yet assented to tlie popular claims lips all the evil that was in him foamed forth, and in his delirium he tittered wild :— of wild shapes winch, were passing across liis brain The people should have universal suffi^age words to the hideous throng ,— " —it is their right. The hallot-At is their that she could not be alienated from him, but still loved him, with that womanly .security and their will, and therefore their right also; and the new poor law should be reformed." ' love before which man's harsher judgment must be mute, as before the iniinite pity to which even the best must look for pardon,—loved him so, that hers was the only - Everywhere, lie records, if fighting seemed necessary, the civilians cla- hand " to wash his scarred face," hers the only voice to bid him. " rest in peace, the moured for slaughter ; the soldiers hung back, " averse to fire on unarmed noblest of his race." , people." It is easy to fancy the highly-fed civilians calling out for a fusil- Mr. James Sime has a valuable paper on tlie " Progress of Britain in lade to protect life and property. The following is an entry dated Man- the Mechanical Arts," full of interesting details ; we can only find space chester, March. 2nd, 1889 :— for the following sketch of the h istory of railways :— " The streets of this town are horrible. The poor starving people go about by Liverpool supplies the country to tlio east and north with the productions of other twenties and forties, begging, but without the least insolence ; and yet some rich lands, and also exports the woollens of Leeds and the cottons of Blanch ester. Easy villains , , and sotne foolish women, choose to say they try to extort charity. It is a lie, communication between these towns was, therefore, of the utmost importance to the an infernal life, neither more nor less ;—nothing can exceed the good bohaviour of manufacturing interests of the nation. Canals were thought of; but the science of these poor people, except it be their cruel sufferings." the day waa frightened at the difficulties to be encountered in their construction, and Even more characteristic is this :— declared the thing- impossible. Valleys had to be crossed ; mountains to be levelled " Chartism cannot be Btopped, God forbid that it should : what we want is to stop or bored ; and rivers spanned. How was it possible to carry a river across a river, the lotting loose a. largo body of armed cut-throats upon the public." through ii mountain , or i'rom side to side of a deep valley ? The fcut Jias been ac- complished ; tho difliculties that lay in the way have been overcome, ami we arc now It would,have been a strange incident had the Chartists of the NTorth dis- laughed overed unable to estimate their greatness. Brimlley undertook the work. He was c , in 1839, that the general in command of the " Government blood- at as a fool squandering hounds , written down as a man of no education, and charged with ' was writing, " Chartism cannot be stopped : God forbid that it his employer'a money on impossible projects ; Init ho persevered. He had faith in bis should." own abilities, and could inspire others with confidence. Some time elapsed ; and thia We might linger long over this uncommon book, but we have said enough self-taught genius from being the laughing-stock had become the idol of England; to indicate the quality of its contents. The biographer writes often in bad his cuttings, bridges, tunnellings, and contrivances were tho wonder of newspapers, tosto, and sometimes at random ; but the biography itself, interspersed with and tho common tulle of fami ly circles. In fi fty years canals had done their utmost passages of private correspondence, is one that . must excite universal at- as a means of in land carriage, and tho industry of tho nation was again checked ! tention. imports could not be conveyed to tlie interior, nor exports forwarded to tho coast to meet tho demands of consumers. Manufacturing firms in Manchester hixl t° tnkc their turn in getting goods from Liverpool ; and not unfrcquently tho complaint was EDINBURGH ESSATS. heard that cotton was conveyed across the Atlantic in less time than between these Ed\nb>nr<)WEs»ayx. By'Membcnrs of the University. 1856. towns. Travelling was unavoidably alow ; accidents or frost rendered tho transport Adam and Charles Bluck. of goods at times impossible ; and factories were put on half work, because tHc <_-iin uJ.-i -.The success of the Oxford ami Cambridge Essays has suggested the present could not furnish tho necessary supplied of co tton. Tram roads, as the railways were publication, vraich will probably meet then called, seoinod to offer a remedy. They wore extensively used in the mining : with equal encouragement. It opens I VOU ; ?n Plato> H Professor Black; but us we dissent from the distric ts, i where cast iron rails had taken tho place of the " oaken frame," about ™tZ T re38ea both U1 its. and locomotives had been invented in 1784 by Murdoch , tho ingenious assistant and nSlf « f T °*P > general estimate and the particular railroads been arguments and as to express our dissent would lead us into , afterwards tho partner of lJoulton and Watt, So useful had theso iY>tlOn a long article found tliut tho proposal to levy n tax on iron in 1H0O was opposed , bee wise it vi'ouM f Enghsh Lifo in the Drama/ by Mr huiUicen ToZISnnJohn- Skolton , af picturesque^r Lit"^ of historical ' increase tho oxponso of conutrucung them about 700/. a mile. At iirst they dissertation which every ono laid down for uhort distances only ; but, in courao of time, tho propriotor.s of iui"c3 will read with interest and profit. Dr. Gairdnor examines « seven, iaa sear-ching yot Homoeopathy" considerably removed i'rom rivers were emboldened to increase their longth to temperate article ; and Mr. Ajidwnr Wilson gives us what ton, and even twenty miles, by tho fucilitioa they offered for tho conveyance of coals JFebrtoby 14, 18 57.] T 1ELE LEADIE E. 133 andgoods. Locomotives came into use in 1804, though the machinery -was stfll very by becoming unintelligible or unnatural. It is required of every builder that he should imperfect, and the ideas of engineers very crude. They were much improved in the erect a house new and well-proportioned ; it is not required that he should, with his course of the nest twenty years, and a speed of from four' to seven miles per hour was own hands, have baked every brick employed hi the edilice. The existing system of attained, with a prospect of greater. High-pressure engines required to be used,.and criticism, and the greatness and fulness of literature, are in many respects injurious there is something in the very name that has always frightened the ignorant ; the boilers to poetical writers. An author's first book is generally writteu con amove, and for him- had been formed of cast iron in some cases at first , and the results, as might have been self; critic and reader are forgotten in the heat and delight of the task ; but af ter he expected, were unsatisfactory and alarming. The difficulty of arranging the parts has.run the gauntlet of dailies, weeklies, monthlies, and quarterlies, ' he becomes more of a high-pressure engine on a moveable carriage, and tlie apparent impossibility of conscious and less single-hearted. He writes with one eye to his subject and the furnishing enough, of steam to make the wheels turn at the rate of twenty or even ten other to what the reviewers will say of him. He is more careful of tho expression miles an hour, retarded the . progress of the locomotive. If a wheel, fo ur feet in than of the thought. He desires to dazzle and-astonish. diameter, turn 110 times in a minute, or travel at the rate of fifteen miles -an hour, Of Dr. George "Wilson's paper we have left ourselves no each cylinder -will take from the boiler ' space to speak) 220.fills -of .steam per minute ; and it is not and must take an opportunity of recurring; to it. Mr. Baynes surprising, therefore, that many thoughtful people, whose opinions were entitled 's paper on " Sir William'Hamilton" will - also be read with interest by the admirers to respect, regarded a speed of fifteen or even, ten miles an hour as unattainable. ' ' "Where learning failed, however, natural genius triumphed. George Stephenson, once of that prodigy of learning and acuteness. Altogether, this volume of a locomotive stoker in the north of England, and afterwards one of the most disti Edinburgf iEssays may be pronounced a brilliant commencement. guished. engineers of modern times, invented the tubular boiler, and raised the speed^ of the eugine from seven to thirty miles an hour. And, he subsequently adds :— La Liyue et UmnrilV.HENILY THEBy J. FOURTHMichelet. AND THE LEAGUERS. Almost every year since 1830 has ¦witnessed an increase in their number and power. Paris : Chameron. When a-wmter Stephenson's prize locomotive, the Rocket, -weighed four tons and a quarter, and ran possesses a highly characteristic style, it would be strange if on rails of thirty-five lbs. to the yard ; engines are constructed now weighing more all liis characteristics were merits. Merits they may be, indeed, in one than thirty.tons, and running along rails of eighty lbs. to the yard. sense, since they produce variety, and relieve us from literary lotus-eating j but To us the most interesting papers in the volume are Alexander Smith's , in point of art, of taste, of power, and beauty, a very peculiar book may essay on " Scottish Ballads," and Dr. George Wilson's on " Chemical final always be expected to present some very peculiar contrasts. Of no French- man, ¦causes." The former is everyway a remarkable production, the prose of a is this more true than of Michelet. He is often grand, pure, lyrical, but poet, who can write prose, and think prose, with a felicity of expression , C[uite as often eccentric, wild, ungracefully familiar. His historical account of the and steadiness of conception, which mere versifiers would find hopelessly sixteenth century abounds, more, perhaps, than any of his impossible. We detect the poet in his love of concrete images, and in the other -works, in diversities of substance, in inequalities of surface, in abrupt cadences of rhythm, but even when the style is most elevated it is always transitions of manner. . As Eniile Montegut says, Hear the sound of the epic tru prose-, as in the following, -which might have been signed by Ruskin :— mpet sinking into the tiny pipings of a whistle. Far-sought ana- logies None of these ballads can be looked upon as the , dramatic fi gures of speech , vast transepts of digression, break the work of a single autbor. Their continuity present form is the work of generations. For centuries the floating legendary material of the narration, while, at times, the critic and chronicler seems was reshaped, added to and altered, by the changing spirit and emotion of man. to forget that he is preparing the inscription of a noble monument, and ex- Rude and formless, they are touching and venerable as some ruin on the waste, the presses himself as though he were scratching doggrcl on a gravestone. names of whose builders are unknown ; whose towers and walls, although not erected Thus, he describes Marie Stuart as " the common woman dragged by in accordance with the lights of modern architecture, affect the spirit, and fire the soldiers through the streets of Edinburgh ;" he refers to Mar«uer!fe wife imagination far more than nobler and more recent piles ; for its chambers, now roof- ot Henry IV. .,. as having " the provoking eyes of a wanton ;" he depicts the less to the day, were ages ago tenanted by life and death, joy and sorrow, for its walls 'I hereditary muzzle" of the Medicis, and their countenances " very intel- have been worn and rounded by time, its stones channelled and fretted by the fieTce ligent and bestial." Still less scr upulously he alludes to the disgust con- tears of winter rains ; on broken arch and battlement every April for centuries has ceived by Henry II. for his wife, by saying, " he abhorred her kindled a li - , as a woman ght of desert -flowers, and it stands muffled in ivy, bearded with moss, and that had been bred in an Italian sepulchre." These are stained with lichens crimson examples of a dis- , , golden, and green, by the suns of forgotten summers. pleasing mannerism which have We are told to imitate this, but who can rectal the strong arms and rude hearts that not escaped Michelet's French critics. But piled huge ston« on stone ? Who can simulate the hallowing- of time ? Who can it would be injustice to note them without admitting that they are excep- create us a ruin to-day with the weather-wear and lichens of five centuries upon it? tional, and that, though Michelet is frivolously addicted to ep igrams, to -flashes of rhetoric, to Here is a fine bit of direct vivid writing :— surprising turns of language, and precipitous descents from epic to colloquy, he is a master of sty The first thing which strikes the reader of the Ballads is their direct and impulsive le, a penetrating thinker, in most " respects a man of whom this generation of Frenchmen may well be proud. life. There is tiothing cloaked ot concealed. You look through the iron corslet of A specimen of Michelet Che mommder, and see the fierce heart heave beneath. None of the heroes ever seem 's extraordinary manner is to be found at the end of to feel that hesitancy and palsy of action .winch, arises from the clash of complex and the fourth volume of his work on " France in the Sixteenth Century." opposing motives. At once the mailed hand executes the impulse of the hot heart. ".Tins," he says, "is not an impartial history." It is " frankly and There seem to have been no dissimulators in. those days. If a man is a scoundrel, he vigorously partial"—partial on the side where right and truth appeared to speaks and acts as if he were perfectly aware of the fact, and aware, too, that the him to prevail. It is advocacy and attack, charged with invective, redolent of whole world knew it as well as himself. Itf.aman is wronged by another, he runs eulogy, unmeasured and unsparing. In his dissection of personal character him through the bod ith his s ord y w w , or cleaves him to the chin with liis pole-axe, especially, he treats the men and women of the pust as though they had de- and then flees , pursued day and night awake and asleep, by , in town and wilderness, stroyed his happiness. He reviles Catherine de Medicis as though she had a bloody ghost. If two lovers meet in the greenwood, they forget church and holy poisoned his wife, Marie Stuart as though she had disgraced him. This priest, and in couTse of time the heron is startled from his solitary haunt, and shame clement of his and despair * _ book, this persecution of historical names, may add to the are at rest beneath tho long weeds of the pool, and a ghost with dripping warmth and richness liair glides into the chamber, and with hand of ice awakes the horrified betrayer from of the composition , but it destroys " that beautiful his first sleep on his bridal night. And these men had their rude reverences and de- serene" which should reflect the shapes and colours of history. votions, terrors cf the solitary mountain-top and the moonless waste, wandering fires I he period of the League embraces the last quarter of the sixteenth of the morass, spirits of the swollen stream : Edom o' Gordon , who burned a mother centui'y—from the massacre of St. Bartholomew to the peace of Verviua. and her children in their own tower with laughter and mockery as if agony were a M. Michelet disposes the events of this memorable epoch in large groups, jest, would ere night mutter an Avo to Alary Mother, and cross himself as devoutly connected by their proper relations, and surrounded with sin artistic as ever a saint in the calendar ; mid the moss-trooper who could impale an infant on arrangement of accessories. The Cardinal of Lorraine, after the murder his of spear point, would shiver at an omen which a schoolboy laughs at. Coligny, had set up in Home a golden tablet, inscribed with those words : We fear that " Z" of the Athenecmnwill find many words, and even phrases, " llcligion had withered and languished ; but this day we have seen an in this essay, which other writers have used before ; and to all ' #V one may augury that she will revive and bloom once more." But Protestantism, fancy a covert sarcasm conveyed in the following:—• adds M. Michelet, though abased in France, " survived and shall survive, The literary merit of many of these Ballads is great ; in the majority, the singer invincible in Holland, victorious in England, creative in America," with is in utter abeyance, and the subject is all In all. There is no straining and cflbrt, no another Protestantism in the rear—that of reason, science, and equity, artifices are employed to fillip the dulled spirit of tlie reader ; no impertinent orna- " conquering the human mind through Itabelais, Shalcspeare, Bacon, and ments distract the attention from the agony or the woe. Their authors were not Descartes ; conquering in the right of Europe through the pence of "West- literary men, and there was no cxistiny literature by which their efforts Avere phalia ; conquering even to the stars through ICcp lcr and Galileo. measured. " The Ori ginality was not expected of them, and they were consequently never liyzantine casuists are discarded ; Cujas replies to them in a sentence ; tempted to call grass pu rple, to avoid tho imputation of plagiarism, some former writer Palissy turns from having sophistry to nature ; the epoch wore the mask of the called it green. There were no critics to show up their failings and short- League; but France and liurope were progressi comings, or to parade tlieir good things—perhaps a line and a half in length—in ng—the genius of tho UJo- naissance, the heroism of the Reformation italics, as tho juanner of some is. It may fairly be doubted whether the present time , bore fruit in ICurope, in the East is favourable to tho production of poetry of a. high class ; not, a.s is com monly .sup- in tho Now World ; but, unhappily, in Franco, the peace of VervinB posed, that th ere is any thing necessarily u npoctical in tho artificial state of society, riveted the links of the old Catholicity ; and a melancholy reaction in the eternal struggle and roar of labour, in tho shifting of the points of interest opened tho way to the Thirty Years' Wur. On the morrow of JSt. Bartho- from green fields and meadows, and the sweet goings on of pastoral life, to the joys, lomew Charles tho Ninth stood triumphant; intoxicated, yet apprchonsivo. crimes, and'tragedies of men congregated in thousands beneath the smolcc of mighty His successor, Henry the Third, under the overpowering influence of Ca- towns , but mainly from the greatness of existing literature, the prevalence of criticism , therine, commenced a premature conilict, which resulted in his humiliation, and its immediate -app lication to literary productions. and then the League arose. The clergy .said, on the ,1th of March , 15.19, "We can only affor d to quote one more passage, and it shall bo this ;— " I (" necessary, the king must be killed." " That," says M. Michelet 1 , " was It is this seeking a " new ontlot for ono's self," which is the cause of nearly all the the first utterance of the Leaguers. ' Their constitution, original and vices of contemporary literature—of poetry especially. On it may be chnrgnd' tho uni que, was that of a federal religious body, acting by violence, intimida- •strain and glit ter, tho forced and perverse originality, and the extraordinary inno va- tion, treason, and cruelty, upon the throne, the church, the nobles, and all tions in rhythm and measure of which so much is hoard , both in the way of appluuiso tho representatives of authority. They were Cath and olics—the crusaders oi condemnation. Tlio primal emotion s of humanity have been bo fully Hung in Catholicism ; and among their neophyte champions tho kinc was included Kagland during tho last two hundred yearn, that a pact of the present period , unk-s.i in 1.17(5. ho ia swept away by tho torrent of feeling, or is bold enough —which ho i.s perfectly The series of broad episodes in this history justified in being—to look upon every situation of life whether expressed before or in admirably ordered in M. , Michclot's Avorlc. It includes : the not, as merely pooticul material and to us(s it for hin own purposes colour it by hin famous J esuit campaign, tho asnasBination , , of the Prince of own mind, shape it by hia own emotion ,— in tempted , when h« remembers in a former Orange, the conspiracy of Rheims, the execution of Marie Writer some consummate expression of an idea, indispensable to the sequence und Stuart, the compulsory Bcll-sacrilice of Henry the Third, the battle of Stream of emotion, to diverge from the direct path , and to attest his originality Coutran , the Spanish insurrection in Paris, tho fitting-out and ruin of the 164 THE LEADER, [No. 360, Saturday Armada, the deaths of Henry de Guise and Catherine de Medicis, the terrorism portion of the white wall or ceiling may be substituted. Whatever the kind f *" of the League, the siege of Paris by the King of Navarre, and the death of acid, nothing more can be done at the present stage. The stomach p °- SOUr eligible in any of these cases anra the third Henry. The fourth, an imposing fi gure, then comes upon the , even were it at hand, and a medical man to uL > *t scene ; the siege of Paris is continued, and followed by the siege of Kouen ; the sour acid should happen to be oxalic acid, the treatment here indicate) -ii almost assuredly save the patient's life, if administered somewhat early. p- the peace of Vervins closes the magnificent record, and the story of France the strong mineral acids If eitn*her of in tie sixteenth century is complete. One sketch of mannei's, as influenced , the case i3 not so promising. by the League, is too characteristic to omit. It refers to the period of the Again :— Catholic terror :— It is of less consequence to be made aware that a certain specified poison of +V class Las been swallowed, than any one of the class ; because the treatment " In Paris the close of Lent was a stimulus to the prevailing excitement. A series cases will be precisely similar. There is no place for chemical h of processions took place which w«re begun, innocently enough, by children, girls and antidotes here • at & rate, their power is of a very inferior kind. Everything depends upon free'inJ th boys, who walked two by two, with tapers, chanting hymns and litanies prepared stomach from the poisonous body swallowed, -with the least for em by the priests. . . . Then came parish processions in which all the possible delay Tn fi- *h end, an emetic, promoted by copious draughts of warm water, should be administer parishioners of whatever age, sex, or quality, joined ; some of the most devout walk- and the circumstance should be borne in mind rf ing to do penance as though in their shifts. Still a hew impetus was wanting. , that the ordinary emetic, composed it usually is, of tartar emetic and ipecacuanha, is ineligible ; not only because It was necessary to warm the popular heart by a great theatrical display. A priest depressing tendency, but because of its promoting the ofY came forward and declared that in these processions over the hard pavements of Paris absorption of any poison TrhH , may not be expelled from the system by the direct operation of the emetic. nothing could be more meritorious, nothing more agreeable to God, than that women Whenever an emetic is proper in the treatment of poisoning, should walk with their delicate little feet bare, however it might cause them to suffer. almost the very best if not quite, is a teaspoonful of mustard, stirred up with warm water- and V Immediately, many an. enthusiastic young girl devoted herself to this new mortifica. action promoted by copious draughts of the latter. ' tion, and appeared, not with bare feet only, but almost naked—wearing only a slight linen drapery, not too carefully covering her form. These weeping and dishevelled ETumanumest errare, and Mr. Scoffern pays his tribute to this inexorable Magdalens produced -more laughter than edification. At length, the Duchess of law when, at page 64, he speaks of proteine as the origin of gelatine Montpensier, the Judith of the League, decided to act her part without hesitation. fibrine, albumen, and caseine. No organic chemist of authority now be- She abandoned robes and petticoats, and dispensed with the light drapery of the lieves in the existence of proteine at aU.—it is a purely hypothetical sub- penitents, even over her bosom, -with the exception, of a simple- veil of lace. The stance. At page 71 Mr. Scoffern attributes to Harvey the discovery people rushed to see her. Crowded and pressed, the heroine was by no means dis- of valves in the veins ; the discovery was made by Fabrice concerted. She had set the fashion. Matrons and maidens followed it. d'Acquapen- dente in 1574, and by means of it Harvey was led to the discovery of Of course, the clergy eagerly encouraged the yielding humours of these the circulation. Harvey's discovery was a grand physiological induction • penitents, so submissive to correctional discipline ; and many were persuaded but all the anatomical facts on which it rested were discovered by others. ' to receive, at anointed hands, the punishment of refractory vestals. BEE ANGER'S SONGS. THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMM02ST LIFE. Stranger ' s Songs of the Empire, the Peace, and the Restoration. Translated into The Philosophy of Common Life,' or, the Science of Health. By Jonn Scoffern, M.B. English Terse by Robert B. Brough. Addey and Co. Ward and Lock. It would be affectation to advise any one who can read I3e*ranger's songs in This is a better book than its gaudy outside and frontispiece would lead the original to read them in translations. Indeed, strictly speaking, scraps tlie reader to anticipate. Mr. Scoflern writes popularly, and his compilation cannot be translated—they must be re-written. To those, however, to whom contains material on various topics affecting the regulation of our health. French is Grreek, we commend Mr. Brough's volume. Some of the lyrics, After a sketch of the human, which we have compared with, the originals, are models of accurate inter- body regarded as a machine, he gives an out- " line of the various pretation, Mr. Brough having succeeded to an uncommon extent in kinds of food, and their digestibility. He then treats of subduing the idiom to the necessities circulation and of his English version. No reader respiration $ of adulterations in food ; of poisons, their should remain unacquainted with these political songs of Beranger they action, their remedies, and the means of detecting them ; of the eye and its contain, as Mr. Brough suggests, an outline history of France during the functions ; of houses considered in a sanitary point of view ; of climate ; of early part of the present century. As satires they are perfect—the half. dress ; of cosmetics ; of medical creeds—hydropathy and homoeopathy ; of lu'dden irony, running like arterial blood through epigram and carol, contrast Life Assurance and of State Medicine. and allusion, fable and fancy, as in The King of Yvetot, The Bead Alive, The A large and attractive list of subjects, as the reader perceives Common Stamp, and The Petition of the Dogs of Quality. We miss Gai ! Gat! , and not by the way, from. Mr. Brough's selection. Of his style as a *•>•<*« dmor, onu admitting of more than a rapid popular treatment in one volume of three example is all we can give ; it is My Recovery, and refers to a present of hundred pages $ but in his sketchy way Mr. Scoffern contrives to indicate wine, to be taken in internal douches,received by BeVanger after an illness ;— many interesting facts; one of them will be new to most readers, namely, After a cup of Chablis white, Spirits of tolerance on foot That the blood globules of an animal are subject to change of shape as the result I found the douche, had done me good ; ' About the town in cassocks go •, of fright and other emotions of the mind. It has been stated by Mr. Bowerbank, I cursed the Muse that made me write .. The Gospel is in practice put, that if an_animal be suddenly alarmed, and whilst in that condition a drop of Wood Against the men in pow'r who Btood. j After three cups of red Bordeaux ! be drawn and examined microscopically, each of the particles or discs contained in Still, from relapse I fear'd rebuffs,— < At the last cup of Chablis white, the blood will be found to present a ragged outline, very different to the well-defined On with tlie treatment I must go: I My eye all wet with joyful show'rs, contour which is observable if the animal had been allowed to remain calm. This I felt inclined to write them puffs Sees Liberty in garlands bright, fact has a physiological significance, though the precise application of it be not After a cup of red Bordeaux ! i Of olives, golden corn, and flow'rs. known. After two cups of Chablis white, Laws bind us with a silken thrall ; The following is worth bearing in remembrance :— At all my past misdeeds afraid, The Future low'rs with ne'er a woe 5 Remembering well that the animal organism creates no element, the reader will I see my chamber cro wded quite I hear the bolts and fetters fall perhaps call to mind certain With folks whom pow'r has happymade. At the last cup of red Bordeaux ! dietetic fallacies of which he may have been the victim. The sentence of my judges kind He may remember, perhaps, -when sago, tapioca, and other starchy varieties of food O crystal Chablis ! rich Bordeaux ! were administered to him under the impression that they were strengthening, and Causes repentant tears to flow ; You twain presided o'er the birth still ho derived no benefit fro E'en tow'rds Marchangy I'm inclined, Of fair Illusion, born, we know, m them. Strengthening they undoubtedly are when After two cups of Ted Bordeaux ! administered in due proportion with other wants ; but alone, they are bo far from Of Love and Hope, to jil t the earth. strengthening, that by no amount of them could life be prolonged beyond a very After three cups of Chablis white, 1 This vineyard fay two wands of might short period. They I see no class that need to groan ; (Twin sceptres) wields o'er all below,— hold no nitrogen ; they, hence, cannot make muscle (flesh.), nor ¦ blood,—nor, indeed^ , can they make the greater number of animal constituents, except The press is unrestricted quite ; A silver shoot of Chablis white, fat ; which latter does not contain nitrogen. The Budget censors feels alone ! ! A purple branch of red Bordeaux. The same remarks which apply to starch also apply to sugar ; between the two The notes by Dr. G. L. Strauss, and by Mr. Brough himself, contribute the difference of composition is remarkablj' slight; hence sugar is unable to support largely to the interest of this welcome volume. animal life, if administered alone. To some the well-attested fact that negroes in the West Indies rapidly fatten during the sugar season, notwithstanding th.e hard work to which they are exposed, because of the amount of sugar which they swallow, will seem incompatible witli the statement just made that sugar alone, no matter in LUCY AYLMER. what quantity swallowed, cannot for any prolonged time support life. Fat, however, Lwy Aylmcr. By the Author of Tho Curate of Overton. vols. Ben tley. doea not confer strength " " 3 5 on the contrary, it frequently becomes a source of -weakness. hind- The medical practitioner well knows that as a rule, fat persons bear the effect of Jj ucy Aylmcr contains a scries of careful portraits, and tenderly-tinted bleeding and lowering medicines very ill ; that tliey are stricken and die under causes scapes, overshadowed by a dense controversial cloud. Behind the ancestral which would not have injuriously affected the lean and spare. Fat, indeed, may bo manor of the Nc\illes, the ancestral castle of the Erresfords, tlie ancient regarded physiologically as a sort of animal coal-cellar. vicarage of St. Walburga, behind the pretty young girls and the weak- Of the practical hints liearted Vicar, the hierarchy, the squirearchy, and the patricians, rises the contained in this volume wo may select from the apparition chapter on poisons infor mation haggard shape of Puseyism, morganitics bride of Romanism. An which it will be useful to bear in mind :— of this kind might have warned us from opening the second volume, had not A person who has swallowed an irritant poison by way of suicide of Lucy, garrulous, less apt to will be less a certain interest, excited by Lucy, lured us on. The character g,vo information, or afford any clue, than a person who has indeed is a very graceful far for the uncoutu P tO AVh Jt ha8 , delineation,—too graceful by ?« *, f^* * °m lMJen administered purposely by one, treatment ifc receives towards tho close of the story, when the author , intent S™ 1? £« &°M r( ovor a p0ison sallowed to the end of suicide will in all SSSfnhn^v , M °t r ' , upon a tragic scene, slays her heroine, and spoils her book. Lucy A\j hut "blHl"riDS a mcal- Meantime, tho investigator looks denuneiiition SS t *™v w »™e l^ wtOnpMa] abounds, as might be expected , in illogical impetuosities of ofrf thethV' patientnationt for , or other vessel ; ho examine the dress l< un< l »t 13 apots or decolourations. If hocith finds a ta9tphial or other vessel or directed against Rome" and the missal beauty of her churches ; 0 th m to a strong test of the writer's power that, in sp ite of these repulsive ingre- atThcTrcsolv'/£/ ^ &^'^lci ° <" h «» ^onZ^ tXZ It i s ot ™ X y f°r th*° »PP««»tion of° a remedy. He i8 auro dients, the novel is thoroughly readable from beginning to end. " tLraso r acTdhL hnT ^ T wanting in pathos, and emits from time to time a spark of satire. (j»vcn , *™ indeed, that it is a good thing to -write anti-Tracturian romances, iuiu to SS«&- - ss*. as.'E.* show how a gaudy chancel may bring weak hearts to misery, ami L>u<'y rsx^ute ^ Aylmcr is a success. Febrxia-UY 14 > _H5^ 1_ THE LEADE1 16g THE ANGLO-INDIAN ALMANACK. The Anglo-Indian Almancwkfor 1857. Published at the " Indian News" Office. If any proof were required of the growing interest in Indian affairs felt by CljE lrts. the British public, it might be found in the circumstance that a compilation, of the above character has become not only useful, but necessary. . The speciality indicated by tbe ti tle bas been ably worked out. Almost every THE SUNBEAM . species of information that can be desired respecting the organization of Th e Sunbeam : a JPhotoffrcy rfiic Magazine. Edited by Philip H. Delamotte, F.S.A.. our Indian Empire is clearly and systematically afforded. In addition to Part x- Chapman and Hall." the ordinary matter furnished 5n cosmopolitan almanacks, we find in this The first number of the Sunbeam contains four exquisite illustrations The little volume everything we could wish to know about the Civil, Military, "b J" and Ecclesiastical services, their Examinations, Regulations, and Pensions. Woods at Penllegare, y Mr. . D. Llewelyn ; The Tournament Court in fhe We are told where every regiment is stationed, where every civilian is to Castle of Heidelberg, by Sir Jocelyn Coghill ; Magdalen College, Oxford , be found, and what duties he is discharging ; and, in short, where we must from the Cherwell, by Professor Delamotte ; and the Baptistry, Canter- look for our brothers, kinsmen, and friends, whatever be the post they hold bury Cathedral, by Mr. F. Bedford. Mr. Llewelyn has caught -with mar- under Queen, or Company. Nor are the " outside barbarians" altogether vellous effect the light- tracery of branches—the ignored path, the bridge, the moss , though the Fourth Estate is apparently considered unworthy of around the roots notice ; and the same silence is preserved with regard to the Uncovenanted , the heaped leaves on the turf. Sir Jocelyn Coghill brings Service. Perhaps in the following year these deficiencies will be supplied , out, with beautiful precision, the Raphael and Giulio Romano fapade in tbe and also some fuller instructions given for the benefit of persons about to Tournament Court of Heidelberg Castle, the Octagon Tower of Frederi ck, proceed to India ; in the present mitnber the Marseilles route ^ entirely the vegetation piled against the walls, and the windows which show only the omitted. On the other hand, there is a very useful summary of debates shadows within. Magdalen College, the point of mediajval on Indian questions in the two Houses " romance that of Parliament during the last session, jewels the whole city " of Oxford together jwith much valuable information about Railways, Postal Regula- , is delicately photographed by Professor tions, Coins, Weights, Measures, and many other subjects that have hitherto Dolamotte, whose trees and wsiter are wonderful, as well as his aerial per- puzzled the homely wits of home-keeping youths. In other words, an spective and the tone and outline of his architecture and landscape. Mr. " obvious void" has been now filled by this Anglo-Indian Almanack, which Bedford's Baptistry, Canterbury Cathedral, may he described in one sen- we cordially recommend to all who have even a Scotch cousin in India. tence : it is perfect. Dr. Young and his .Night Thoughts. —The " BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. purchases and investments will give tho market a strona study of men, as they have appeared in differen t ages, BIRTHS. extra iillip upwards. Turkish Six per Cent. Bonds aro and under various social conditions, may be considered rather more in demand, and have risen from 931 to 95i and BLAKE.—On the 20th ult., the Dowager Lady Blake : a son. look still to be tending to go even liigher. Tour nor Cent. as the natural history of the race. Let us, then, for a SALTOUN.—On the 8th hist., at Ness Castle, near Inverness, Turkish continue steady. moment imagine ourselves, as students of this natural the Lady Saltouii : a daughter. The foreign share market has greatly improved ; Lu.xem- dredging the first half of the eighteenth STOKES.—On the 2?lh ult, .at Galatz, the -Wife of Major bourgs and Lombardo-Yenetian history, ' ' Stokes, Royal Engineers, her Majesty more especially. Grand century in search of specimens. About tie year 1730, 's Commissioner on Imnk of Canada havo not kept pace with the gencra.1im- tbe Danube; a daughter. provement j the delivery of shares in this undertaking has •we have hauled up a remarkable individual of the spe- MA.HRIAGES. been neavy this account. cies divine—a surprising name, considering the nature CHURCHILL-CALTHORPE— On the 5th iust., at St., In the heavy railway market, Leeds and Birmingham, and of tie animal before us, but we are used to unsuitable George's, Hanover-square, by the Bishop of Oxford, Lord Great Westerns, havo been most inquired, after ; the con- names in natural history. Let us examine this indi- Alfred Spencer Churcliill, second son of the Duke of tinuation prices were not heavy, and it is probable that it Marlborough, to the Hon. Harriet Louisa Esther Gou^h has not been a heavy full account. vidual at our leisure. He is on. the verge of fifty, and Calthorpe, third daughter of Lord Calthorpe. r-usieru uounues nave maae a striae upwards. Soutn- has recently undergone his metamorphosis into the cleri- TURNBTJLL—1IYERS.—Ou the 13th of December last, at Easterns are 15s. nor share ; the dividend, it is now under- the Cathedral, Madras, by the Very Rev. Archdeacon stood , will be at the rate of 15s. per share, or 5 per cont. per cal form. Eather a paradoxical specimen, if you observe annum ; at their present price this would give por him narrowly: a sort of cross between a sycophant and a Shortland, Gravia Ainslie Tumbull, Esq-, 12th Royal 6J cent. Lancers, to Mary Isabella, eldest daughter o£ J. P. M. Caledonian are firm at 32J, and with increased caro in the psalmiat ; a poet whose imagination is alternately fifed by Myers, Esq., of Tenby, Pembrokeshire. Money Market will see a much higher figure. Yesterday Last Day and T a creation of peers, and to-day money was easily obtainable at 6 per cent, on the " " b3 - who fluctu- DEATHS. Government securities. ates between rhapsodic applause of King George and IND.—On the 2nd inst., at Baldoek, Herts, Mrs. Marv Ind, A. considerable business has been transacted in Joint- rhapsodic applause of Jehovah. After spending " a in the 100th year of her age. She had 10 children, and lived Stock Batiks. Ottoman and Egypt aro better, and the latter to see the birth of 69 grandchildren, 114 great grandchil- are nearly at par. foolish youti, the sport of peers and poets," after dren, and two great grandchildren A large amount of business has been being a hanger-on of the profligate Duke of Wharton, 's children—in all 195 transacted in British mines, and it is to be hoped that this descendants. S.ind, °f'business may be done through the medium of the fitter turning; in vain at a parliamentary career, and LUCAS.—On tlio Slst ult., at Lisbon, aged Yo, Charlotte, btock Exchange, as a guarantco for real prices, and not fic- angling for pensions and preferment with fulsome relict of the late Robert; Lucas, Esq. titious. West Towey Consols, Great Wheal Alfreds, Tre- dedications and fustian odes, he is a little disgusted POWER—On the 8th inst., at Haslar Hospital, Richard wetna, tbe Bassetts, Great Vor, Trolawny, Mary Anne, have Blizard Power, Esq., Assistant-Surgeon R.N., aged 30. been amongst some or those in which with his imperfect success, and has determined to The trials and hardships endured in tho Crimean war led transacted. business has been retire from the general mendicancy business to a par- to his premature end. The Bank returns do not promise to bo very satisfi ctory ticular branch in other words, he has determined to-morrow, but Consols loave off 9i-,9ii f ; ¦ or account, nuct »4f, on that renunciation of the world implied in " taking FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. for money. orders, with the prospect of a good living and A-berdeen, —, —; Caledonian,61, G1J ; Chester and Jloly- Tuesday, Februa ry 10. lioad, 3G, 37; Eastern Counties, 9J, 10; Oreat Northern, an advantageous matrimonial connexion. And no BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.—Henby John Girdle- D3J , ytj ; Great Southern and Western (Irolanu), 111 , ns; man can be better fitted for an established church. stone, Brighton , Berlin wool dealer. Oreat Western, G5J, CO; Lanuashire and Yorksliire, Ui) He personifies completely her nice balance of tem- BANKRUPTS.—William Edwards, High-street, "Wap- 99.J ; London and Blaekwall, 6|, 7 ; London, lirightosi, and poralities and spiritualities. He is equally, impressed ping, alo merchant—Tiiom,vs Skinnbh, Sheffield , electro- i>outh Coast, 108. 109 ; London and North-Woatoni, 1074, plater—Htam Ldvi, Liverpool , clothier. 107J; London and South-Wostern,104J , 1051, x.d. ; Midland, 83. with the momentousness of death and of burial fees ; he SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.—A. Muiuhead, Glas- 83i ; North-Eastern (Berwick), 80J, 87J ; South-Eastern languishes at once for immortal life and for " livings ;" gow—R. Gova n, Glasgow, stone merchant, and Eastwood , (Dover) , 754, 7<>J ; Antwerp and llottordam, 5j, 6S; Dutch he has a fervid attachment to patrons in general, but on near Pollokshaws, Renfrewshire, quarrier—W. Gakhneii Rhenish, i, h pm.; .Kastcrn or Franco CParis and Stras- and Co., Glasgow,builders—J . Miller, late of Kirkmichacl, bourg), 32}, 32i{ ; Great Central of Franco, 4,\. 4g pm.; Grout the whole prefers the Almighty. He ivill teach, with farmer—J. Andekson, Cumnock, Ayrshiro, cb^apcr. Luxoinbourg, Ci, GJ; Northern of Franco, 3Gi, 37t ; Paris something more than official conviction, the nothingness Frid ay, and Lyons, 541 55i ; Royal Danish, 18, 20; lloyal Swedish. of earthly things ; and he will feel some tiling more than February 13. J, 14 ; Sambro and Mouse, 8i, 8J. BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED.—David Smith, Duko's- private disgust if his meritorious efforts in directing road, St. Paaeras, licensed victualler— John Atkinson, men's attention to another world are not rewarded by ¦Westbournc-gTovc , Bayswater, builder. CORN MARKET. substantial preferment in this. His secular man believes UANKRUPTS.-Wili.tam Edward Hawkey, Svkoa- Mairk-lano, Friday, tcrrace, Milc-end-road, tailor—William Bryant, istrat- February 18, 1867. in cambric bands and silk stockings as characteristic ford , Essex, boot and shoe maker—Adolwtus Scukkman, Tue market is very shortly supplied with grain of all kinds, attire for " an ornament of religion and virtue;" hopes George-stroet, Minorics, gcnornl merchant—Jon n Smith, aud the arrivals oil tho coast aro uot worth mentioning. Hut courtiers w ill never Staplehurst, Kent, corn dealer both Liverpool and London aro woll supplied with. Flour, forget to copy Sir Robert Walpole ; — Fuederick ICindued, aud the trades remains in a quiet stato and without and write begging-letters to the King's mistress. His Franalingham, Suffolk , miller — Sichsmund Gans, Eshox- altera- street, Strand, merchant—John Danobufikld, Sen., Kirk- tion in tlio value of any article except Oats, wjiioli aro a spiritual man recognizes no motives more familiar than ley, Suffolk , builder— Thomas Cornell, King-street, Re- shade worse. A few unimportant sales of Wheat hiwo been " Golgotha and made on tho East OoaHt for JJordcaux and north of Spain. " " the skies ;" it walks in graveyards, Kcnt-strect, carver and pilder—Gkoiige Caulton, ttadford, Throe cargoes of M ivizo luivo also boon sold at about 41a. fill . or it soars among the stars. His religion exhausts it- Nottingham, brewer—John Lises, Garrison-lane, lUrming- self in Jmin , brickmalcor— Michael Parker, KniKston-upon-Hull, ejaculations and rebukes, and knows no medium ironnionger—JoiiN Paul, St. Mary Axe, City, seed merchant between the ecstatic and the sententious. If it were —CnAiti.Ea Fox, Huhno, Mauchestor, corn aud flout* dealer BRITISH FUNDS FOlt THE PAST WEEK. not for the prospect of immortality, ho considers, it —John William Lanouidgk, Birmingham, stay maker (Closing Pkickb.) would bo wise and agreeable to be indecent, or to —Gavin M'Clymont, Juu., Bradford , draper— Oharlks Hadson Clayton, Liverpool, milliner — John Davison, Sat. I Mon. Tuos. murder one's father ; and, lieaven apart, it would bo Klngstoii-upon-Hull, aiiohor unakor — Philip Poktkr, \ Wed. Thnr}Frid extremely irrational in any , Bank Stock 2174 ! 2174 2174 2111 21H man not to be a knave. Liverpool cotton broker— Miciiakl Stei'anoff , Liverpool, ;i pur Cent, ltcd («i 113$ «3| «3| MS merchant — Gkoiio H (Javens, Carlisle, jowcller— James ;$ »4i Man, ho thinks, Is a com pound of the angel and jiur Cont. Con. An. 02& Ml 1)3* t»3J (id. ft* the Watts, Norton Saint Philipn , Somersetsliiro, iunholder— Consols for Account 0!$i y;tj} »3j jm£ brute ; the brute is to bo humbled by being re- Willia m Calvert, and William Calvkjit tlio Younger, r ;j DlJ ih' minded N (i\v per Cont. An. (Mj f »;t j ikjj imj mj qA of its " relation to the stalls," and frightened into Sunderlain!, hosiers— Hir Ciiahi.es Pox and John IIun- New 2J por Onts... 7«4 * ljondon , ord , Fore-street, moderation by the contemplation of death-beds and i>euson, Works Sniothwick, Stnll' Long Ans. lbliO 2J 2?, ...... \ I skulls he ang l is o bo de loped b Liinehouse, nud 8, New Spring-gardons, cnghioora and con- India Stock 211) " ; t e t ve y vituperating this tractors. 22<> ' world and. exalting the nex t ; and by this double pro- Ditto Bonds, JU1O00 o d 'i'ii SCOTCH SEQUKSTNATION S —Wiwjam KiCLLY. Kont- Ditto, under .£1000 ad i>ar cess in a ii " " you get the Christian , " the highest stylo of man." road , GIahkow , contractor—Dav:u > Wiikiht, Jlarwood , near 11 1000 1>ar pIU' !J l) :J )l ') \V«st Caldor , fnrnicr— Hjllson, TuiiNKit , and Co.vI'ANY, nfiin l> > tr i > With all this our new made divine is an unmistakable ^W 1>ar lmr lr !> :J North liridgo-slroct ,E > poet. To a clay compounded chiefly of the worldling lev and Ja WES Paiuh, Grentioclc , Larno Pottery Company...... par par Sp «p 3 a > ;{ j, and the rhetorician , there in added a real spark of Pro- FORKiaj>T methean firo. Ho will ono day clothe his apostrophes FUNDS. (Last Okiucial Quotation hwjhno thj ! "Wjiuir ending and objurgations, his astronomical ruli gion andhis char- I-'KIDAY JiVKNINCI.) nal-house morality, in lusting verse, which will stand, Cmiuiitrrint SHFnivff * ? ¦ Uraxilian llondn 102} l'ortuguef-m 4 por OontH. ... like a Juggernaut mado of gold and jcweln, af. onco JliKiiiOH AyrcH 0 p. Gouts KfiJ UuHslan JIoiuJh , c por magnificent and repulsive: for this divine is JCdwnrd London , Friday KvonhiK, Fubuary 1U , 1857. Chilian 0 por Cents ContH sl)i|iH , :ui(l tbo favourable)reduction Young, the future author of the " Nigh t Thoughts."— Tiik arrivals of two koIi) Chilian » pur < :sliiiiiitriM])cct of the In- Jhitcli 24 |««r ContH UK A (Spanish 40 lteview (January). f,i>ii n:-tax hoiiiK li>w(;i' <'< l , havo contributed to liuiko tho Dutch \ per Cont. Co rlf. 081 HhaniHh CouimittiiiH'or- Bkatii ok the Kino ov Aiiyhsinla.—A letter from ]>Ml) U c. securities :ind nliai'o nuirkots woar a brighter aspect i:nua(Jor HoihIh MJ of Coup, not fun. rov ;iil1>J been <" oiisoIh nm well nnp\>ort «'U for \iionoy aM)3i, lit; for nt,li Peruvian 41 por Cents.... 7H2 Turkish Wow , 4 ditto .... 10()J, received there of tho death of King Theodore, the March aeoouut, U4l, (Ml; and ever ho little stir nindi) in real Portuguesey pur (touts. King of AbysBinia. 41J Vonoznola41 per Uoiitw LEA])ER, Ig6 __ THE : _ ,_ ___,LNo1_ 860 a Saturday, OLYMPIC THEiTKE, r^TJTlJERY WARRANTED.—The most varied TlvTAGNIEIGENT VJELVET. MANTlTq ROYAL -world , all ITX The Proprietors of ~ Lessee, Mr. Ai/fked AVigak. Y_/ assortment of TABLE-CTITLEBY in the the BPONSALIA- l»vo n»w* T J warranted, is on SALE at WILLIA.M S. BUBTON'S, at the Stock of aii eminent French Monday, and during too weeK, Manufacturer 2 ^h °* prices that are remunerative only because of the largeness tired from business The magnittcent works " rc~ DELICATE GROUND. thwr highest of F ^ - 1 of tho sales—3| inch ivory-handled taJble-knives, with high perfection form a considerable portion nJ ?/ * Mrs. Stirling and Mr. Leslie. , 12s. per dozen; desserts to match, Os. Gd; if to stock, which will be sold at a Mr. G. Vining, ; shoulders DEDUCTION of ONE Vm^ After which, a New and. Original Farce, by Bayle Bernard, balance, Gd. per dozen extra ; carvers, 4s. Sd. per pair : larger from the established prices. The BERNOTJ 0 d l SI wfth S Esq., called sizes, from 14s. 6d. to 26s. per dozen; extra fine ivory, 32s-; Patente Front et, invented by JAY and SMITH '^^ A SPLENDID INVESTMENT. if with silver ferrules, 37s. to 50s. ; white bono table-knives, cannot be purchased elsewhere, is ncknowledl^f)J?^i^ hl?h - the most graceful e Messrs: F: Bobson. Gr- Vining, G. Cooke. H. Cooper, Misses 7s. 6d. per dozen ; desserts, 5s. 6d. ; carvers, 2s. 3d. per pair; and the most comfortable Wintcr O) V Casfeleton , and Stephens. black horn table-knives, 7s. 4d. per dozen ; desserts, 0s. , The price is marked upon each article in plain fi Mawton* ; black wood-handled table-knives and forks gures carvers, 2s. 6d- , SPONSALIA, 24G, To conclude .with YOUNG AND HANDSOME. 6s. per dozen; table steels from Is. each - The largest stock REGENT-STREET. Messrs. ]?. Robson, Hogers ; Misses ThirlwaU, Swaubo- in existence of plated dessert knives and forks, in cases in roughi Clara St. Casse, and Mrs. Melfort. and otherwise, and of the new plated fish-carvers. r^ENTLEMEN SEARClT^rT^Iir Commence at Half-past Seven. VX are directed to B. BENJAMIN, Merchant o^£' THE PERFECT SUBSTIT UTE Regent-street. • " fiiorJ- auw . 7*, Id ft" few days will be produced a new Drama by Tom FOB SILVER. lor, Esq. Principal Characters by Messrs. G. Vining, The REAL NICKEL SILVER, introduced twenty years Tho FORTY-SEVEN SHILLING SUITS mado tnn 7 Sfdisony G. Cooke ; Mrs. Stirling, Mrs. Melfort, and Hiss from Scotch, Heather, audClieviot ago by WILLIAM S. BURTON, when plated by the patent TweedsfalUvooi\^^uu^"iutiiQ- Maakoll. of, Messrs. Elkiniyton and Oo., is - beyond all comparison roughly shrunk. the very best article next to sterling silver that can The PELISSIEE, SACS.21S., 25s., and 2 . EMN'S ANATOMICAL. MUSEUM, be employed as such, either usefully or ornamentally, as by 8s. DB' (forgen- no possible test can it be distinguished from real silver. THE BENJA11IN CLETvICAL and PROFPscjTnv»,- 4s Coventry-street, Leicester-square. Open OVER or UNDER COAT, tlemon only) from Ten till Ten, containing upwards of one Fiddle or Thread or Tr.- .,„> «. from 30s. -Tho AllBPMT ?n^& FROCK or OVEK COAT, from 85s. to 55s 1ih#mP' thousand models and preparations, illustrating every part Old Silver Brunswick Pattern.P£V&™ Tho in, Pattern. Pattern. SIULJ3 WAISTCOAT, buttoning four diiferent s^« ?? " of the human frame health and disease , the race of men, The TWO GUINEA DRESS an 8 &c. lectures delivered at Twelve, Two, Four, and at Half- Table Spoons and Tovks per d FROClf covrl'lf * dozen ...... 38s...... 48s...... 60s. GUINEA DRESS- TROUSERS, and the HALF (Vriwf paab Seven; by Dr; G- Sexton ; and a new Series of Leo- - BA rures is now in course of delivery by Dr. Kahn, at a Dessert ditto and ditto ... 30s=...... 35s...... 42s. WAISTCOATS.—N.B. A poifect fit guaranteed Quarter past Bight, p.m.—Admission, Is.—Catalogues, con- Tea ditto ... 18s. 2-ts 30s. taining Jiectures as delivered by Dps Kalm»gratis. Tea and. Coffee Sets, Cruet , and Liqueur Frames, Waiters, Candlesticks, &c, at proportionate prices. All kinds of xe- BEDS, MATTRESSES, and BEDSTE 4DQ WILLIAM S. BURTON'S TWENTY SHILLINGS PEE. DOZEN. plathuj done by the patent process. NEW LIST of npne D G and BB1)STEAJ)S is^OW READY,SndSfbe Q O U T H A F R I G A N P O K, T- CHEMICALLY PURE NICKEL NOT PLATED. had g?atts' Table Spoons and Porks Fiddle- thread. King's. The quality of beds, mattresses, &e., of every deserinMm! " Having-tasted -these "Wines, we say to those who- like he is ablo to guarantee ; they ai-e made ou the nreraispi in per dozen. 12s . ... 28s. ... 30s. the presence of wine possessing Richness without.Sweetness, Dryuesswith- Dessert ditto and ditto... 10a. customers; their prices ju-e in harmony with , ... 21s. ... 25s. those ylnch have tended to make his ont Acidity, and Body without Brandy, by all means give Tea ditto 5s. .... lls. ... 12s. house ironmoiiKervbL1 y them a trial."—Vide JJeZFs Weekly, Messenger, January 17, establishment the most extensive iu the kingdom. " ' - 1837- . ' DISH COVERS and HOT WATER DISHES Feather beds ..from £1 ' 5 0 to in every material, in great variety, X3 o 0 Bottles in eluded. Packages allowed for when returned. and of the newest German spring m at tresses.. „ 2 8 0 7 0 0 Delivered free to any of the Railway Termini in London- and most recherche patterns. Tin dish covers Cs. Gd.the set Horse hair mattresses „ o 1G 0 '* -, q o Terms .Casks of six; block tin, 12s. 3d. to 28s. 9d. the set of six; elegant Wool mattresses ,, o 1 G ' 4. a modern patterns 9 A Sampje-Bottlefor 21 stamps. , 34s.to 58s. 6d. the set ; Britannia metal, Flock mattresses ,, n ¦ »g »fi " 0n» 18 oa Country Orders must contain a remittance. Cheques to with or without silver-plated handles, 70s. Gd. to 110s. Cd. Best AJv» aud cotton mat- " ; » . be crossed'' Bank of London." the sefc : Sheffield plated, 10*. to Wl. 10s. the set ; block tin treeesses „. . 0 G G „ 0 19 0 hot water dishes, with wells for gravy, 12s. to30s. ; Britannia J- L. DENMAN, Wine and Spirit Importer, 65, Fen- : ^-; per pa 7 6 „ 2 6 0. cnureh-8treefe> London. Counting-house entrance, firs t door metal, 22s. to 77s. ; electro-plated on nickel, full-sized, B^Vlankets eachF „" 0° 3 0 ,, 11Z. lls. 140 on the left'Up Railway-place. Toilet .quilts „ 0 4 0 „ 1 7G The additions to these extensive premises (already by Counterpanes „ 0 2 6 far tho largest in Europo) are of 0 15 0 such a character that Portable folding bedsteads „ 0 12 6 ,' ' 415 0 HE CONTINENTAL WINE COMPANY, the entire of EIGHT HOUSES is devoted to the display Patent iron bedsteads, with T BIRCHIN LANB, CORNHILL. of the most magnificent stock o f GENERAL HOUSE _ dove-tail joints.. „ 0 15 0 „ 0 0 0 IRONMONGERY (including Cutlery, Nickel Silver, Plaied Orn amentalbrassditto...... ¦ „ .2 10.0 Ajre enabled, by-their connexion with, the principal wino Goods,Baths, Brushes, Turnery, Lamps ¦ „ 20 0 0. growers, to supply every description of WINE of the finest , Gaseliers, Iron aud Children's <3pts „ 0 15 G „ 5 0 0 Brass Bedsteads, Bedding, and Bed-hangings), so arranged Bed hangings, in every ' ' /¦ ¦ qualities at prices for cash far below the average¦, including in Sixteen Large Show Rooms as their - ¦ . ¦ - . ' ¦ . to afford to parties fur- variety por sofc „ 0 14 0 „ 0 . . . . . / nishing facilities in the selection of goods that cannot be T/° . 0 Alto Bou.ro Ports, at 42s. per dozen. hopod for elsewhere. 39, Osford-streefc, AV. ; l, 1a, 2, and 3, Newman-afcree*; and Genuine ditto, 34s. per dozen. Illustrated Catalogues sent (per post) free. 4,- 5, and G, Perry's-placc, London. Superior-Pale or Gold Sherries, 30s. to 36s. per dozen. Champagne, from 42s. to 72s. 39, OXFORD-STREET, W.; 1, 1A, 2, and S NEWMAN- Claret, from 30s. to 84s. STREET; and 4, 5, and 6, PERRY'S-PLACE, LONDON. J. W. BENSON'S Post orders must contain a remittance. WATGH, CLOCK, and CHRONnM-STBK q^EETH.—Messrs. GABRIEL supply COM- MANUPAOTOBV, 33 mid 34, ¦ X/ UDGATK-HILL, ASTHMA. J-. PLETE SETS, without Springs, on the principle of LONDON. Estitlilishcd 17-19 .— J. W. BENSON, ¦Mauufac- capillary attraction, avoiding the xiecessity of extracting turcr of GOLD iind SILVER WATCHES of every.descrip- ~T\R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS stumps or causing any jjain. tion, construction, and pattern, invites attention to his JLJ give iustant relief, and a rapid cure of asthma, coughs , magnificent and unprecedented display of Watches, which and all disorders of the breath and lungs. SILICIOUS ENAMELLED AMERICAN" MINERAL TEETH, the best in Europe—guaranteed to answer every is admitted to be the largest and best selected Stock in TO SINGERS and PUBLIC SPEAKERS they are in- purpose of mastication or articulation — from 3s. Od. per London. It consists of Chronometer, Duplex, Patent, De- valuable for . clearing and strengthening the voice. They Tooth. tached Lever. Horizontal, and Vertical Moverucnts.jowelleil , have a pleasant taste. Price Is, ljd., 2s. 9d., and lls. per &c, with all the latest improvements, mounted in supprlj ly- box. Sold by all druggists. Sets, 41. 4s.—Her Majesty' s Royal Letters Patent have finished engine-turned and engraved Gold and Silver Oases . been awarded for the production of a perfectly WHITE The designs engraved upon many of the cases arc by emi- ENAMEL, for decayed FRONT TEETH, ' which can only nent artists, and can only lie obtained at this Manufactory- TO< INTALIDS, MOTHERS, AND FAMI- bo obtained at Messrs. Gabriel's Establishments, If the important requisites, superiority of iinish, combined LIES.—By hor Majesty's Royal Letters Patent (the 33, LTUDGATE HILL, five doors from tho Old Bailey ; find with accuracy of performance, elegance, durability, and rea- only patent for these preparations). Strongly recommended at 112, DUKE-SrJREET, LIVERPOOL. sonableness of price, arc wished ibr, tho intoiidinj? Pur- by the Medical Profession. ADNAM'S IMPROVED PA-- Consultation and every information gratis. chaser should visit this - Manufactory, or send for the IL- TENT GROATS and BARLEY aro Manufactured by a pro LUSTRATED PAMPHLET, published by J. AV. BEX SON coss which entirely removes the acidity and unpleasant fla- (and sent post free on application), -which contains sketches, vour, so universallyfound in similar preparations. They pro- FURNISH YOUR HOUSE prices, and directions as "to what Watch to buy, where to duce Gruel and Bavloy Water in thenighestperfection, and, WITH THE UICST ARTICLES AT buy it, and how to uso it. Several hundred Tcttisrs have being manufactured perfectly pure, yield food of the most been received from persons who have bought Watches at light and nourishing quality for the Infant, the Invalid,and DEANB'S this Manufactory, bearing testimony to tho correct per- the Aged. The Barley also makos a delicious Custard Pud- formances of tho same. ding, and is an oxcollent ingredient for thickening Soups, &c. IRONMONGERY AND FITRNISHING WAREHOUSES. The Patentees publish one only of the numerous testimo- A Priced FwnisTiing List sent Post Free. OPINIONS OF TUB PRESS. nials they haive received from eminent medical profesyors, From tho Morning Post, Oct. 30, 185C—" Exhibits exqui- rolyinff. moro eoniidentJy on tho intrinsio quality of tlio DEANE DRAY, CO., LONDON-BRIDGE. site artistic feeling in ornamentation, and perfection of me- artiolos>,oC which ono trial will nob fail to convince the most * chanism in structure." Established A.x> —From the Morning Chronicle. Oct. fastidious of thoir purity and oxcellonco . . 1700. 30.— ' Excellence of design and nurfection in workmanship." (Copy.) —Irom tho Morning Advertiser, Nov. 1.—" Tho Iiig h re- '•Chemical Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, OFFICES in the Best Part of the STRAND. pute which Mi\ Uenson lias obtained for the qualities of his February 19, 1855; A. FIRST and SECOND manufacture stands secoud to none."—From the Morning .J'liOO \l TO IJH LET, toge- Herald "I have submitted'to a microscopical and clicmical exa- ther or separately, .suitablefor ;>. Public Company, or a Soli- , Nov. :J.—" The hi|?h standing of Mr. Uuiisou as a mination the samples of barloy and groats which you hav e citor. Immediate possession may bo had, ami oil moderate London manufacturer must secure for him a larfre amount forwarded to mo, and I beg to inform you that 1 find in terms. Apply a,t 302, Strand. of public patronage."—From tho Globe, Hoy. Ii.—" .V11 that thorn only, those principles which are found in good barloy ; can ho desired , in finish, taste, and design." there is-nominoral or-othtsr impurity prosont, and from tlio OP GOLD WATCHES-, Horizontal Movements, Jewelled , &c, result of rny investigationl behove thorn to be. genuine, and -^HAMPTON'S PILL HEALTH. e accurate time-keepers ul, 15/. 15s. 1- manifold —Th , 15s.. U. 15s., 51. IBs., to to possess thoso nutritive proportios assigned by the late-3)r. - advantages to tho heads of families from tho each. Gold . Lover AViitclie.s, jovvell cd, and liiKhly-linisheil Poroira to tlus description of food. possession of a inedicino of known elilcaoy, that mav ba re- movements, OL 10s,, ' sorted to with " Gs., 8?. 8s., 10/. lbs., VU. 12s., ll(!. Us., UU- .. „, ., (Signed) "A. S.Tayior. cpnlidonccv and used with huccoss in cases to4D guineas. "Messrs, Adnam and Co." oi temporary sicknoss, ooourrinK in familios more or less S-ILVER WATCHES, Horizontal Movements, .Towelled CAUTION. every day, are, so obvious to all, that no question can —To.prevent errors, the' Public nro requested bo raised, ol its &c, exact time-kcciper.s, il, tin,, 21. 1 5s., M. 15f3., to ' >!. 5s. each. to observe that oacli package boavs the signature of tlio Pa- importance 1111to every housekeeper in the Silver Lover .k in^L&om •* Watches, highly finished, jewelled movements, tentees, J , and J. C. AD.NAM;. femalos thesq aro Hi. 10a., U. 10s., 01. 10s., 11. lo.s., to20 j,'iii»c;is, ^or IMlls truly excellent, removing all M. lOs., iW.lO-s., To bo obtained Wholesale at the Manufactory, MaidOn- obstructions, the distressing hoadacho so A Two Yoars' Warran ty given with overy AVateh , and lano, Qacon-Htroet, Loudou ; and ltctai l in Packets auid very mwiUent with.the box, dopreHSion of spirits, dulnoHSof sight, nervous soiit, carriage p.iid, to ScoUand, Ireland, Wales, or iin .v l^i't Canisfcors at tid. and Is. ouch, and in Oaniatora for Families siulownoas of Lho kingdom, upon recoipt of Post-olfieo or liuiikor s at 2a., Gs., mid 10s. each, of nil reaixjetitblo Q roccrs, DruKgia ts, oi> ihc Mkin aud order Jjiil(?!tlc- &c., in Town and Country. . ss^ ja^i^sissis - , mado payublc to J. W. JJJiN SON,33 and S-i, J 1UllS T 22 Si ld M hill, London. anXfl YleSe?euuor S ^ ' °' ™ ' ™ ' Merchanta, Shippors. and AVateh Oluha supplied. Old HOLLOWAY'S 0 1NTMENT AND TILLS Prioo Is. lid. and 2s. Od. per AVatehos taken in Exchange. - INCREDIBLE 0U1UC OF HAD LEG S OF SEVEN- box. TE IO N TEARS' STANDING. - Jamos Nash, Thm-sted Farm, tlireo miles from Chatham, was nllliutud for Hovwitoou j>LAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PJLLS. CEWD UltATKl) lIAI.lt P IUOl'A ltATIONS. years with invotorato soro legs, thoro were thirteen wouiids1 S r i011 of y in them •, ho was in St. Th Mims'n andRuy' MHVnoo «,r ,nE? -\H °!10 th0 I'omolUH which tho ALEX. UOSS'S LIQUID HAUL 1>YE , unsil H Hospitals nearly )¦ ^homwtry h;is coiil'm-ml upon from Boven months, nil the.BurRcona concurring that amputation f ihir !» V . nmiikinil , iipplied , buiiiK Uiu host in the world. Sold !is. till. ; mmiI frco for fit clamps. Ai,i:\. Ross's II.m h Dij- was tho only thing likely to navo him ; tlm wns too grt*at a nn l0 sacnlice,therefore ho comntoiicoil using ' iiow thei «iif cjr i lu9 o in «<> f »\ly \U from tlio l'ac« (K> per ln>!tm ; ment and Pillw, which healod all tho wounds in aahorl; time IHo^«ViS< CW1 - , n«ck. arrni H and hands, :is. . nnd restored him to perfect health. ' i™ ° «™««no«ia!s from porooiiH Jv ry scut for stamps, frcn by jxtst, Hd. <^xtra. Ai.kx,. Ru;!s'm(' aK- ?ini lif2 C« TU/vitiDKH On, ; (id. ; s(!iit n" Sold by all , ii Nuro/ri'storor of Uio liair, ts. l' Medicino Vendors throughout tho world - nfc n t stamps. Ai.r.x. .Ross 'b Pack l'o\vj>j{ it , or i.'omoiioim:, ITofoMBOP HOMiOWAY'S Jtatabll.ihmout.s, 2*-l, Strand 1h. ; froo for 1 1, (id . |ii«r hull If, don, nnd , Ion- Ntninp.s. liiQirii) Kouni:, tis. 80, Maidon-lano. Now York by A. Stanipa, Cou- lAllB v Hiiut fri'o for \Ui stainps, by Aucx. Itoan, 3 , Littlo < vMi''""" Btantinoplo ; A. Guidicy, fcJtnyrna ; A%2S£lSJ. ™ > *»*»* > **»*<>» I l-av- auidU.Muir, Malta.. It) ^ stroct, lliKh llolborn ; Wholesale Agent, IUucj.av, 3'rico , lid. and 2a. Oil. nor box. i nnguon-Htreet. February 14, 1857. ] TH E L EAD ER, 167 /G OVERNMENT SCHOOL OF MINES, THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CGI., Just published, ppst 8vo, cloth, 68i; \JT Jcrmyn-stroct. is Published THIS DAY. - TVTATURE and ¦ EASR ART in the CURE of PIS- The following Courses of Lectures are about to ho com- ¦ ¦ .. . CONTEN TS: By Sir JOHN PORRBS, M.D., D.C.L. (Oxon), mencecL:— I. Northamptonshire. ^P.R.S. , Physician to her Majesty 's Household, aud Physician, Thirty Lectures on Geology, by Professor Ramsay, F.R.S., II. Homek and his Successors in Epic Poetry. Extraordinary to H.R.H. Prince Albert. " be delivered on Mondays, Tuesdays, and AVediiesdays, at London: John CnTTECJiiLL, to , III. The Salmons New.Burlington-street, 2PM., commencing on Tuesday, the 17t h February jpee IV. Ferns and tiieik the Course, 1?. 10s. Porthaits. for V. Loud Raglax. Just published , 8vo, cloth, 10s. 6d., Torty Lectures on Mineralogy, by Warington "W. Smyth, VI. Rats. ryiL M-A.., to be delivered on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednes- ¦Sj E CONSTITUTION of- the ANIMAL days at 3 p.m., commencing on Tuesday, the I7tu iust- Fee VII. Memoirs of Genehal Sik Ciiari.es ISTapiek. ORE ATION, as Expressed in Structural Appendai?cs, for the Course, 21. VIII. Our Political Prospect—Domestic, Foreign", as Hair, Horns, Tusks, and Fat. By G. OALVKRT H'OL- AND IjNxVNCIAL. LAND, M.D., Honorary PJaysujiaii to the, Sheffield: Qeiieral Tifty Lectures on Natural History or-the principles-of Inflroaary. Zoology, Comparative Anatomy, and Palseontolotty, by Pro- John MtrREATi Albomarle-street: fessor Huxley; l^B.S., to. ho : delivered .on Wednesdays, London : JonN Chuecitill, N"cw Buriiagton^strcct. Thursdays, and Fridays at 10 a.m., commencing on, Thurs- day, the 19th inst. Fee for the Course* 21. Just published, in demy 8vo, price 7s. 6d., T IYES of BRITISH' PH-ySICIANS. Fcap. Thirty-six Lectures on Applied Mechanics, by Professor Uniform with the Oxford and Cambridge Essays, JLj _ 8vo, cloth, price3s- fid. . Willis, M.A-. P.R.S., to bo delivered on Wednesdays, Thurs- CO^'XENis:— days, and Fridays, at 12 o'clock, commencing.on Thursday* the 19th inst: Fee for the Course, 11. EDI NRU RG Hi ESSAYS LINACRE. FOTHEJRGILL. UY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. CAIUS. HEBBJEtDBN1.. Tickets and Prospectuses of the School may be had,on HARVEY. CULLEN.' application. conticnts: t EEOWNB. HUNTER:. TR,E:N HAM REEKS, Registrar; I. Plato. By John Stuakt Blackie, M.A., Pro- S-Y-DBWHAMv. WAEREN' fessor of Greek in the University. RADCLIPFE. BAILLIE.- COURSE of TWELVE LECTURES on II. Early Exgijsii Life in the Dkama. By John MEAD. JENNER. A the Osteology and Palaeontology , or the Framo-work Skei.to^ , Advoca te. HUXHAM. PARRY. and Fossils of the class Mammalia, by Professor Owen, III. Hojkeopathy* By Wilwasc T.' Gaikdner, M.D. PRINGLE. GOO0£L. F-R-S., Superintendent of the Natural History Depart- IV. Infanti Pkuuuti. By Asdkew Wilsos. Wfith four fine Portraits. ments, British Museum, will be delivered in the Theatre of V. Pkogrkss of Britain in the jMechamical, Arts. London¦ : Wimmam Tfisoand Co., 85, Qucen-stireet,Oheap- the Museu m of Practical Geology, Jermyn-street, on Thurs- By Jajiks Sime, JM.A. side. . days and Fridays, at 2 p.m.,commencing on the 2Gth Feb- B-altjAds. ruary, 1857^—Tickets to bo bad at the Museum, Jermyn- VI. Scottish By Alexanjieb . Smith, street. l''ee for the Course. 5s. Secretary to the University. PROFESSOR "WILSON'S WORKS. RODERICK J. MURCHISON, Director. VII. Sir William Hamilton. liy T. S. Ba.ynes, LL..B. VIII. Chemical Final Causes. By Georgkof "Wilson, M;D., P.K.S.E.,. lle^iua Professor Thi3 day is published, price 6s., Vol. VII;, H AUSTRALIAN BACKING Technology SOUT in the University. ESSAYS, CRITICAL AND COMPANY. Edinburgh : A. and O. Black ; London : LonghAN , Incorporated by E.O5ral Chartei-,18'l7. Browit, GREEy, LoyGXAXs, and IIoberts. ¦ I MAGI NATIVE. The Court of Directors GRANT LETTERS of CREDIT Containing- and BILLS upon the Compauy's Banks in South Australia This day, 2d., by post, 3d. at par. TILE GEXIUS,ANL> CHARACTER OP.'BTJBKISj - Approveddraf ts negotiated or sent for collection. TRACT ON TICKETS OF LEAYE. By CHRISTOPHER OZST COLONSAT. , Business with all the Australian Colonies conducted A C. B. ADDEltLEY 3I.P. COLERIDGE'S POEMS. the Bank's Agents. London : Joiix W. Pakker and Son, "West Strand. through A FEW WORDS ors . SHAKESPEARE, &c 4c &c Apply at the Company's Offices , 51, Old Broad-stre«t, London. WILLIAM. PURDY, Manager. WANTED to PURCHASE, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 0, WiXLii-U BLA.CKWOOD aad Sons, Edinburgh and London- London , 1st February, 1857. 9, and 13 of the " LEADE R,'' Newspaper. Address, Mr. J. MacCabe, Bookseller, &c, AVakefield. ISTow ready, post 8vo, price 7s. Gd., PER CENT. INTEREST.—DEBEN- rplIE- LITTLE WORLD of LONDON"; SIX JL or, PIOTURES in LITTLE of LONDON I/IFJir. By TTJRT1S bearing Six per Cent. Interest are now ready ART-UNION of LONDON. — By Royal CHARLES HiANBY S tflTHv Author of " Tho Woi-Miik- to be issued for sums of 20£. and upwards ; interest payable Charter.—Prizeholdcrs select for themselves from half-yearly. Man's Way in the World," &c, &c. tho Public Exhibitions. Every Subscriber of rOne Guinea Aethue HAiL, Vwx -ue, aud.Co.,.23, Paternostor. Life Assurance.Tee asubx Incorporated, and Depo- w ill have, besides the chance of a, Prize, TAV O PIIINTS, -row. sit, Discount; and Assurance Bank. The EARL of " The Clemency of Coeur-de-Lior*," by H.. G. Shenton, from, DEVON, Chairman. G- H. LAW, Manager- the Historical Picture by John Cross, which gained tho. Companion Volume to every Edition of Shakespeare; . ~No\v 6, Cannon-str*t**TW6s§,v E/€>: Government Premium of'300/.; and ".The Pipor," by E. rea.dy, price Is,, hoards, ¦ ¦ ¦ Goodall, after l^. Goodall, A.EvA. . I t'lAU U- UlU r-*~ : GEORGE GOD\YIN;-) Hon. WILLIAM; S HAKESPEA-REl not ; ,-m ^^ HEU MAJESTSyaJEBOafiA-L LETTERS PATENT. LEWIS POCOC2C, J Socs. Impostor; His Works and Character vindicated COxvroiitEiTsLA froni rccent attacks. , THE ^ manufactured solely lay iB London: Georg-b Rwtledge and Co., Farringdon^strcefc and Co. The- MAtKat £«*ft3iil«h,; 11. 1 Os., of sn p.erior uiake, six sided, with doublo actk>w*#p]ay in live keys. The Con- ITALIAN AKI) FRENCH LANGHJAGUS. ORR'S CIRCLE OF THE SCIEN-CES^ certina having- tliCLrfuH.eoijippJiStOf¦ notes, price from 4 to 12 ¦ • MR. ARBXVABENE, D.LL., from the Uni- ' jnst completed, in Nine Volumes, contains separate guineas. *. ' V'... ; versity of Padua, who lias been established in London -t reatises- on Physiology, Ethnography, liotauy, Zoology, TCERTINT Mathematical Soiencc. The PATENT OCW€8Q^T. O0^ Alor, unrivalled in for thrce j-oars;Rives private.lessons in Italian, andPrencl Gfeolo^y, Astronomy. Mineralogy, "tone and of oxtra power,-asft^aiiufactured Signer Ei- at his own house, or the houses of Iris pupils ¦ He^ also at Chemistry, and Media nical Philosophy. By Professors gondi, and the mo£>tr.mi»e«frperformers. These instruments touds Schools-both iu town and country. -3Ir. ABI.tlVA- OWEN , AXSTKD. YOIJiVG, TL'NiVAKlftand T\VI81)1SN TCice I2.gumeas.- Rosewood. Concertinas, with tS ivory koys, J5ENE toadies oix a plan thoroughly practical, and. tho Drs. LATHAM, SCOFFJSltN, and SMITH ; the Rev.' double nction , may now be had fro m 4 guineas oacli. must mediocre mind cannot fail to thoroughly bomprehoiid WALTER MITCHELI., JU.; and . Messrs. JAIUHNE, Tho PATENT- BUET CONCERTINA (invented by his lessons. O.E., JOHN IMRAYi AHA.. HUGH BREBN, Greenwich and Observatory, W. S. DAXjLAS IMj.Sv Messrs., W. and Co.) Thia-qpv^l extraordinary imtru- Apply by letter to Mr. ARK-IVABE N"!! , No. 4,, St. , , and other AVriters on ment com prises two separate..Gpneertinas. The Concertina Michael's-place, Brompton. Scientific Subjects. Gs. • . . • equitable terms. . _ . By MATJIil and POLYBL'A.lNT K k — ¦¦¦¦ THOMAS PBITCHAIl'D,. Resident Director. *' " " 11 —l»rT< F~i ~»t>¦ r »p^' i"i> ¦¦ ¦ ' I -i w* Jk - ¦ . ¦ ¦ • i ' •- ¦' With appropriate Biographical UPTUKES EFFECTUALLY CURED Koticcs. JLIjft Wl'LTlOUT-^.^ TllTtSS.-Tm. I!ARK IDR'S celebrated rpiIE CAMBRIAN and UNIVERSAL LIFE TIlc February 'Number contains :—¦ REMEDY is protected .1 and PlltE INSURANCE COMPANY. 1 by three jKilouts , of England, Tho Right Hon. LORD CAMPBELL. I ranco, and Vicuna; and from its great success in private Capital 100,000?. Established IS 19. practice is now made known as a public duty through the Alreai/ j / J ' nhllnh ed:— medium or the Ofllcc, 27, Grcshani-stroot. Agencies in tho principal towns press. In every case of siiip;lo or double of England and >Valcs. No. 1. containing.PJMJFKH8GK OWI-JN, I-MLSaAc. rupturo, i n either sox , of any ago, however bad or long No. •> . „ Tlio Itijrlit. Hon. T. ir. MACAUJLAY. standing, i t is equally applicable, eileeliug a cureiu n, few This ofTioo o fl'crs tho benefit of assuranco in all its No. 8. ,, liOUliltT STKPHJjNSOJSr, Eb(j. , M-.'P. . unys, without inconvenience, a nd will bo hailed as a boon by brunches, and is highly eligible for every description of life all who hayo bi-eii tortured with trusses. Sent, post frco to assurance. No. I. „ .T.A.tlbi'IliUCK, Esrj., M.P., P.H.S., &c. any part of the world, wilh instructions for use, on rccoipt A new and most important fojituro , ontirolyoriginating No. 5. ,, -Si r \i. <; . 15ROI)1K» Bart., D.0.Xi., ™ W;;/»'. by post-ollico order, or stamps, by CIl All LUS with this Company, viz., Marriage Dowries, .Lil'u Assurance, V-. IMJ;S/, etc. JJ A RKKK, W.1).; i(>, Mrook-strwt, Hollior n , LoikIou .— Any and Deferred Annuities included in one policy. No. fi. ,, 35-.Hi UA IJ/Y, 1-lftq., Jl.A. lnfnngcmcnt of this trijilo patent will ho proceeded agnins't Kates of premium niodorato. No. 7- „ SAMUE1/ WA1U6BN, Kfiow , Q.O., M.'P. and rcstmiiiexl Ity iniunction of tlie liord High Chaucollor. Aunuiti (.'S K>"i ntcd. l'\'unily endowmonts. No. N. „ Pl« )F.RSKOK GRAHAM, M.A., IMS.S. Loans on personal and other securities. No. '.i . „ I). i\I. WA 11D, Esq., R.A. Forms of proposal and every information may be obtained RUP<:riJR13.<3,--UY ROYAL LETTE RS- PATKNT: on application. l!v order, Londun .OLv.i'j .r.aiul Poxtbxank, .W. fj raccchurch-Krrcct ' D.vtim Jiotiua:, so, I'lcet-strcot ; and all Book aucl Trint- XyiHTE'S M.0C-MAIN LKYISIt TRUSS is ALVltiEl/MJCLUADO , Manager. suirftrs. T V aUowedihy.upwards of :t() 0 Medical Gent lemon to bo ine most ollV'etivo invention in tho curative treatment of li 1() UN0 :l«tci>l THE IIOUSEIIOLDKUS' ASSUJIANCE Ivot.-oii tly iJiiblislicd , ff V l"- "'" spring (so ollen Inirtful in its " outsets) islHTivfivoided . aHort Uandfi frclxMiig worn round tho X OOMIU WY . ryllll POSITIVE rUILOSOPHY of AU- tit \w'""' "'« i'<'<(ii««ite i-fHistiii fi- power is supplied hy f.ho IHItECTOHH. ,fl <;r.STH (^ )^ITR. lVPl Moc-fllnin Pad anil Patent Lovnr, litting.with ho niucli enso I' y- t- rmtslated-anti 'condensed ana AVin. Ashton , 15sc| .. Iforton-bouso, Wraysbury , StaLncs. by 11A RK1 V.V M A HT1JNJ0AU. 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