Aitm Rf Tjit 3J0wk; Be Strengthened As a Barrier to Future Invasion

J§it& '{r ¦ A POLITI CAL AND LITERARY KEVIEW.e r. ''The one Idea -which. History exhibits as evermore developing; itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble all the by e?i?Vo!llr ^° "AIOW down barriers erected between men prejudice and one-aided views ; and, by setting aside the distinctions of Religion, Country, and Colour, to treat the whole Human race a3 one brotherhood, naving one great object—the free development of <mr spiritual nature." —HumboUlt's Cosmos. , ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' " " " ¦ ¦ ¦ - : ¦ ¦ ' : ¦ ¦ ' ' ' ' ¦ . - .. <£ontmts : : . '\ REVIEW OF THE WEEK— vxav Gatherings from the Xaw and Po- i Slavery Abolition and Cotton Edinburgh Essays 168 Tmnerial Parliament i4« lice c°urts 152 Supply .. 156 Henry the Fourth and the leaguers 163 VlfSticm Intellie^nce" ' ils Naval and Military 152 The Grey Ticket-ot'-Leave 157 The Philosophy of Common Life ... 16* The Manchester Education Scheme" its Miscellaneous 153 A Week of Elections 157 B6rangev'sSongs.. 1«4 Accidentsand^SuddeS^ Deaths HI Postscript 154 Fraudulent Trustees 158 Lucy Aylmer... 164 •'••"••¦ OPEN COUNCIL- An Ideal Session . 158 TbAnglo-Iudian Almanack......... 165 Sten iS worcell ¦ . ' lt | . 8tate of Trade ..\.JZ ^"..'.".".". 149 The Laws Relating to the Property îUs. Wives, and Priests. 15U THE: ARTS_ Ireland 149 of Married Women .! f. 154 Moldo-Wallachian Agencies 159 JT . ,aK Australia ..... ".. " I ". 149 Imprisonment for Debt 154 Go to-Bath I 160 The ^Sunbeam .. 165 "" Gold ' Counter-Declaration of Persia 1G0 ~ " America . ..J^Z^lZ.Z^ZZZlia ... 154 vh« Cattle- ifiS The Orient..... 150 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- LITERATURE- llie Gazette 105 Continental Notes 150 The Financial Statement.... 155 Summary 161 COMMERCIAL AFFAIR.S— Our Civilization 1S1 Moral of the Secret Treaty 155 " . Tho Indian NapierV.V.V.V.V.V."."7."'.'."' 161 City Intelligence, Markets,&c. 168 gy0H YOIi. Till. No. 360.] SATURDAY, EEBKUAB,Y 14, 1857/ Price.{gg5g£^:Jg ' palities, chiefly on the ground that they would thus it abolishes the distinction between transportation . 3R ?aitm rf tJit 3j0wk; be strengthened as a barrier to future invasion. and penal servitude, authorizing one kind of sen- — ¦¦ ¦ ¦ • — » ¦ - : : This is a common plea ; and it has been supported tence, and leaving the Executive to carry out the rilHE pressure out of doors, aided by the ready by the patriot party in the Principalities, wlio are sentence, under certain limits, according to its " .dis- X adoption of the Opposition ia the House of anxious for union, in the belief that it would ulti- cretion. In the "meanwhile, however, Sir Geo&ge Commons, has extorted from Ministers a large con- mately result in the formation of an independent promises that there shall be improvements in the cession of the Income-tax, and considerable reduc- state. Russia has always found it so easy to absorb disposal of prisoners, in the selection of convicts for tions of the military and .naval estimates. The conterminous ' independent' states of a minor size, Western Australia, and in. the more effectual deten- whole week has been one of bustle. To make a that she, too, favours the union ; while JFraace, in tion of incorrigibles. In a separate measure he better disposition of the ministerial forces, Sir joining with Russia and the Moldo-Wallachian provides for the establishment of county and borough Geqbge CoKNE~WAiiii Xewis has waived his objec- patriots, derives the advantage, first of setting up reformatories for juvenile offenders. At present ttoiiwWaging forward the financial statements at an she may balance the East of " opinion by wliich "this Act is not to be compulsory, but should it work this early day ; and estimates ate produced -with Europe against the "West, and ultimately, it is sup- well it will eventually be extended to the whole Considerably diminished totals. The naval estimates posed, s3ie designs to place upon the Moldo-Walla- country. ' > Will be only 8,109,000/. instead of 15,812,000^., chian throne a prince of the Bonaparte family ; re- The Select Committee on the Bank Charter Act charged last year. The military estimates, army alizing the dream of Charxemagne in the germ of has been nominated. It comprises all the monetary and ordnance together^, 8,993,000/. instead of an Oriental Empire. Tlie Constitntionnel- boasts notables in the House of Commons ; except Mr. 18,008,000/. ; a total of 19,000,000/. in lieu of that Prance has with her, in. the renewed Paris Con- Weguelin, who had not been returned for South- the 25,000,000/. which Mr. Gladstone calculated. ference, Prussia, Russia, and Sardinia, against ampton when the Committee was appointed. For, The reduction, as compared with the reduced peace Austria, Great Britain, and Turkey—four to three ; after all, Mr. Hiciiabd Andrews failed at the poll.; estimates of last year, is 17,000,000/. This result but adds, that there are hopes of . winning over though there was sufficient rioting on both sides to has been brought about unquestionably by the Turkey to the- same majority. If so, it can only be leave the return still under some obscurity. demand of the public, -with the assistance of the by intrigue. Lord Clarendon, however, admitted One important commercial reform is suspended. Opposition and independent leaders. that the British Government had been taken by The complaint of the City men against the law Another of Mr. Disbaeli's blows at Ministers " surprise," and practically confessed that they had which leaves the ownership of dock warrants, &c, has not been so happy : it has twice recoiled upon, been outwitted. in a state of doubt, has been already explained : himself. The story of a " secret treaty" between The progress of business in the two Houses of they desire that such documents should be placed Prance and Austria, sanctioned by Lord Palmer- Parliament has been of rather an important charac- on the same footing as bills of exchange, since they 8TON, still demands further explanation. Mr. Dis- ter. In the Upper House, indeed, the measures are practically to goods what bills of exchange are raeli professed to give a very elaborate account on brought forward are rather acknowledgments of to money. But there has been sonic difference of Tuesday last, but it amounted to -no more than a work that ought to be done than performances. opinion, fro m au idea that the present law is a check repetition of wliat he said last week, except that he They consist principally of bills introduced by the upon fraud ; and taking advantage of these diversi- supplied the date of the treaty—the 22nd Decem- Lord Chancelxor—rcintroduccd we may say, for ties of opinion, Ministers abstain from interfering ber, 1854. Lord Palmebston instantly replied, they are only editions of last year's bills—to amend until commercial men can agree. that there was a Convention about that date, and he the law s relating to wills, marriage and divorce, and Itather an important constituency has at last appealed to those who were in the Cabinet then., ecclesiastical discipline. But there is no prospect preferred a bill of indictment against its rcpresenta- though no longer in the Ministry now. The Con- that the measures will bo carried. The work is still t ivc. Certain electors of Glasgow, the friends of vention simply stipulated that if Austria should join left op en for Sir Ersiune Peurv and any other Mr. John Macgregoh, have called upon him to ex- the active operations against Russia in Turkey, and gentlemen that take it up independently. plain his share in tho formation of the British should be attacked in her rear by Italian insur- Government lias reluctantly accepted Mr. Na- Bank. We told the story of that bank a few weeks rectionists in Russian interests, France would assist pier's motion for establishing a separate depart- since, though we did not bring out all the facts to protect her Italian provinces ; a very proper pro- ment of Justice—the grand way to legal reform, which Mr. Menzies related. It is difficult to un- vision during tho progress of the actual war. Is and to a good supervision of law, law administration, derstand how Mr. Macgregoh could construct this the Treaty that Mr. Disraei-i exposes ?—or ia and law making. such an explanation as would bo acceptable to a there another Treaty ? Lord Paxmerston tells us Sir George Grey's bill to reconstruct the law of commercial constituency ; and this difliculty per - that " that limited Convention" expired with the penal servitude has the merit of being compact, ap- haps accounts for the fact that the claim has been close of the war. He added that it was never plicable to the present moment, and certain to be under his consideration for three weeks, andJLia«ujuit signed ; but lie has since corrected that mistake : it carried. It ought to provoke more jealousy than it produced no fruits. y^gj d*£r \ , was si gned. And Mr. Disraeli insists that it lias will excite, for it runs loss against tho theories of The House of Commons has ajâijw^m^^Kjj^ >y .„ not expired. * tlie reactionaries than against the permanent inte- Mcmbors, conspicuously amongst U{îiclîs5ffi6^rf* lE A new ground ^ has been provided for him by the rests of the British Constitution. It is l'cally a events in commerce. Mr. JoiiNppAiSffl^fft^l'X' '^ r,r Moniteur. That Napoleonic journal has put forth a large measure in a small shape—inoffensive on the Member for Sligo, Mr. JAM Ks^Âj^^tt^\Vj i^;;U"*^ Pleading m favour of uniting the Danubian Princi, surface though dangerous in its tendency. In, brief, elected by Tipperary, Mr. John M^JX0^Mi^b}>0: S' ¦ » ' ¦ ' **k. Ti , ¦?•f*•> r^- wm:)'' • uA CJ*^\ ~ 146 THE LEADER.

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