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Associated with Seeds of Pachyrhizus Erosus (L.) Urban (Fabaceae)

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Associated with Seeds of Pachyrhizus Erosus (L.) Urban (Fabaceae) ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Bruchids (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) associated with seeds of Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban (Fabaceae) JESÚS ROMERO NÁPOLES1 AND ANTONIO MARÍN JARILLO2 1. Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 carr. fed. México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Estado de México, C.P. 56230, México. [email protected] 2. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Bajío, km 6.5 carr. Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Gto. C.P. 38010, México. Antma22@ yahoo.com.mx Recibido: 25-07-13. Aceptado: 11-08-13. Publicado online 22-11-2013 ISSN: 0210-8984 ABSTRACT The yam bean, Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) is a tuberous legume widely used as food, and its cultivation has increased in the world. However, a limitation for its cultivation could be the presence of seed beetles. This study records five species of bruchids that feed on it: Acanthoscelides sanfordi Johnson, A. taboga Johnson, Caryedes icamae (Guerin-Meneville), C. longifrons (Sharp), and C. paradisensis Kingsolver & Whitehead. For each species, the distribution and alternative host plants are given; moreover, a key is included to identify species together with images of adults and of the male genitalia. Key words: seed beetles, yam bean, identification key, Acanthoscelides, Caryedes. RESUMEN Los Brúquidos (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) asociados con las semillas de Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. (Fabaceae) La jícama (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) es un tubérculo muy apreciado como alimento, por esa razón su cultivo se ha extendido a muchas partes del mundo; un factor limitante para su cultivo podría ser la presencia de escarabajos de las semillas. En el presente traba- jo se registraron cinco especies de brúquidos que devoran éstas: Acanthoscelides sanfordi Johnson, A. taboga Johnson, Caryedes icamae (Guerin-Meneville), C. longifrons (Sharp) y C. paradisensis Kingsolver & Whitehead. Para cada especie se brinda información sobre su distribución y otras plantas hospederas; además se proporciona una clave para su identifi- cación e imágenes de los adultos y sus genitalias. Palabras clave: Gorgojos, jícama, clave de identificación, Acanthoscelides, Caryedes. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 160 JESÚS ROMERO NÁPOLES and ANTONIO MARÍN JARILLO INTRODUCTION The tuberous legume Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban, also known as jicama or yam bean, is an herbaceous plant native to Mexico and Central America that is widely grown in this region and in Southeast Asia as food. In this culture are some pests that attack the foliage, such as corn rootworm and leafminers, as well as some sucking insects like flies and leafhoppers. However to combat these pests is not economically feasible because the infestation rates are very low (SARAY, 1980; HEREDIA, 1996). Jicama roots are occasionally attacked by white grubs and according to HEREDIA (1996) these pests require preventive applications of insecticides in the field. Although the seeds of jicama contain the toxin rotenone, which is obtained for the development of natural insecticides (MORA and MORE- RA, 1995) they are attacked by bruchids. According to JOHNSON (1983, 1999) Acanthoscelides taboga and A. sanfordi feed on jicama seeds, and KINGSOLVER and WHITEHEAD (1974) stated that Caryedes icamae, C. longifrons, and C. paradisensis use these seeds. In this work hosts plants and distribution records for the latter bruchids are updated, the habitus and male genitalia are illustrated and a key for bruchids associated with jicama seed is presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS To prepare genitalia we used the methods described by KINGSOLVER and WHITEHEAD (1974) and KINGSOLVER (1970). For interpretation of genitalia we followed ROMERO & JOHNSON (1999). The following collections were consulted for information: Colec- ción Entomológica del Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México (CEAM), Colección Nacional de Insectos del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico (CNI-INIFAP); Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL (FSCA); National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). All host plants are cited according to The International Legume Database and Information Service ILDIS. For host plants we used names on label insect collections and from the database BRUCOL (ROMERO & JOHNSON, 2002). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 BRUCHIDS (COLEOPTERA, BRUCHIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS... 161 RESULTS Key to Bruchidae associated with jicama seeds (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban. 1. Hind femur without pecten with one large spine followed by two smaller spines; hind tibia straight; male genitalia with lateral lobes usually depressed, divided at least to 1/3 length ............................................Acanthoscelides 2 1’. Hind femur with pecten, with 3-6 large spines and two or more small spines before pecten; hind tibia arcuate; male genitalia with lateral lobes strap-like, narrowly and shallowly divided ..................................................Caryedes 3 2. Mucro at apex of hind tibia 0.2 to 0.33 as long as first tarsomere; hind femur armed on inner edge with subapical acuminate spine about 1.6 times as long as tibial base, followed by 2 spines about 0.3 as long as first spine; first sternum of male with a concave, round pit on midline covered by short dense white setae ...................................................... Acanthoscelides taboga 2’. Mucro at apex of hind tibia 0.4 or more as long as first tarsomere; hind femur armed on inner edge with subapical acuminate spine about 2.1 times as long as tibial base, followed by 2 spines about 0.4 as long as first spine; first sternum of male without a concave, round pit on midline ................... .................................................................................Acanthoscelides sanfordi 3’. Elytral stria 4 ended free of basal gibbosity (however a small tooth can be present); postocular lobe elongated ............................. Caryedes longifrons 3’. Elytral stria 4 ended by basal gibbosity postocular lobe abbreviated ....... 4 4. Integument dark brown; body length 3.4-4.1 mm, width 2.4-2.8 mm………………. ……………………………… ............................................... .Caryedes icamae 4’. Integument yellowish; body length 2.7-3.2 mm, width 1.9-2.2 mm……………….. ………………………………………………...….……....Caryedes paradisensis Acanthoscelides sanfordi Johnson, 1983 (Figs. 1, 2) This species is widely distributed in Mexico and can be reared in large numbers from seeds of P. erosus, mainly from wild plants. The record from Rhynchosia aff. yucatanensis represents a marginal host for this bruchid. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 162 JESÚS ROMERO NÁPOLES and ANTONIO MARÍN JARILLO Fig. 1. Habitus of Acanthoscelides sanfordi, 1a) male in dorsal view, 1b) male in lateral view, 1c) female in dorsal view, 1d) female in lateral view. Fig. 1. Habitus de Acanthoscelides sanfordi, 1a) macho en vista dorsal, 1b) macho en vista lateral, 1c) hembra en vista dorsal, 1d) hembra en vista lateral. Host plants. OLD RECORDS: Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban and Rhyn- chosia aff. yucatanensis (Table I). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 BRUCHIDS (COLEOPTERA, BRUCHIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS... 163 Table I. Bruchids species and its associated host plants. Tabla I. Especies de brúquidos y sus plantas hospederas asociadas. Pachyrhizus erosus Acanthoscelides sanfordi Rhynchosia aff. yucatanensis. Calopogonium caeruleum Calopogonium mucunoides Macroptilium sp. Acanthoscelides taboga Pachyrhizus erosus Pachyrhizus tuberosus Rhynchosia sp. Tephrosia sp. Pachyrhizus erosus Caryedes icamae Pachyrhizus ahipa Pachyrhizus tuberosus Calopogonium caeruleum Caryedes longifrons Pachyrhizus sp. Rhynchosia sp. Calopogonium caeruleum Calopogonium velutinum Caryedes paradisensis Pachyrhizus sp. Rhynchosia sp. Distribution. OLD RECORDS: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Acanthoscelides taboga Johnson, 1983 (Figs. 3, 4) A. taboga has been Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Acanthoscelides sanfordi, 2a) median collected only on South lobe, 2b) lateral lobes. of Mexico, however is Fig. 2. Genitalia del macho de Acanthoscelides sanfordi, 2a) widely distributed in lóbulo medio, 2b) lóbulos laterales. Central and South Ame- rica. The main host in Mexico is C. caeruleum where A. taboga has been found interacting with other species of Acanthoscelides and Caryedes in the same seed sample. Macroptilium sp., Rhynchosia sp., and Tephrosia sp. maybe are marginal Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 164 JESÚS ROMERO NÁPOLES and ANTONIO MARÍN JARILLO Fig. 3. Habitus of Acanthoscelides taboga, 3a) male in dorsal view, 3b) male in lateral view, 3c) female in dorsal view, 3d) female in lateral view. Fig. 3. Habitus de Acanthoscelides taboga, 3a) macho en vista dorsal, 3b) macho en vista lateral, 3c) hembra en vista dorsal, 3d) hembra en vista lateral. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 37 (3-4): 159-171, 2013 BRUCHIDS (COLEOPTERA, BRUCHIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS... 165 hosts, however those most be verified. Host plants. OLD RECORDS: Calopogo- nium caeruleum (Benth.) Sauvalle, Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Ma- croptilium sp., Pachyr- hizus erosus (L.) Urb., Rhynchosia sp., and Te- phrosia sp. NEW RE- CORDS: Peru, Madre de Dios, Rio Madre de Dios, XI/1995, L. Fig. 4. Male genitalia of Acanthoscelides taboga, 4a) median P. KVIST, reared seed lobe, 4b) lateral lobes. Pachyrhizus tuberosus Fig. 4. Genitalia del macho de Acanthoscelides
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