Birds, Reptiles & Small Mammals Priority Research
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Thirty Years Later: Enrichment Practices for Captive Mammals à Julia M
Zoo Biology 29 : 303–316 (2010) RESEARCH ARTICLE Thirty Years Later: Enrichment Practices for Captive Mammals à Julia M. Hoy, Peter J. Murray, and Andrew Tribe School of Animal Studies, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Queensland, Australia Environmental enrichment of captive mammals has been steadily evolving over the past thirty years. For this process to continue, it is first necessary to define current enrichment practices and then identify the factors that limit enhancing the quality and quantity of enrichment, as well as the evaluation of its effectiveness. With the objective of obtaining this information, an international multi- institutional questionnaire survey was conducted with individuals working with zoo-housed mammals. Results of the survey showed that regardless of how important different types of enrichment were perceived to be, if providing them was particularly time-consuming, they were not made available to captive mammals as frequently as those requiring less staff time and effort. The groups of mammals provided with enrichment most frequently received it on average fewer than four times per day, resulting in less than two hours per day spent by each animal care staff member on tasks related to enrichment. The time required for staff to complete other husbandry tasks was the factor most limiting the implementation and evaluation of enrichment. The majority of survey respon- dents agreed that they would provide more enrichment and carry out more evaluation of enrichment if it was manageable to do so. The results of this study support the need for greater quantity, variety, frequency, and evaluation of enrichment provided to captive mammals housed in zoos without impinging on available staff time. -
Vernacular Name GLIDER, SUGAR (Aka: Sugar Squirrel, Lesser Flying Squirrel, Short-Headed Or Lesser Flying Phalanger, Lesser Glider, Wrist-Winged Glider)
1/4 Vernacular Name GLIDER, SUGAR (aka: sugar squirrel, lesser flying squirrel, short-headed or lesser flying phalanger, lesser glider, wrist-winged glider) GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Eastern Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea and nearby islands HABITAT Wooded areas, preferably open forest. Forests of all types, provided there are enough trees for nesting. CONSERVATION STATUS IUCN: Least Concern (2016). COOL FACTS Sugar gliders can glide for at least 160'. They are accomplished acrobats that weave and maneuver gracefully between trees, landing with precision by swooping upwards. By skillfully adjusting their vertical and lateral angles of attack and twisting their gliding membranes in mid-air, Sugar gliders are able to take advantage of aerodynamic forces. Their tails are also used for carrying nest material. Hanging from branches by their hind feet, the animals break off leaves with their forefeet, pass the leaves from the forefeet to the hind feet to the tail which then coils around the nest material. Used this way, the tail cannot be used in gliding, so the animal transports the leaves by running along the tree branches to the nest They can tolerate wide ranges of temperatures by (1) huddling with others in their leafy nests to help save energy and (2) falling into dormancy and torpor (brief hibernation). They will also fall into torpor during long periods of food scarcity. They bite holes in a tree's bark to get the sweet sap. Since they can make sufficiently large holes to satisfy the carbohydrate requirements of a large group for a whole year, it is sufficient to defend a single tree. -
ATIC0943 {By Email}
Animal and Plant Health Agency T 0208 2257636 Access to Information Team F 01932 357608 Weybourne Building Ground Floor Woodham Lane www.gov.uk/apha New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB Our Ref: ATIC0943 {By Email} 4 October 2016 Dear PROVISION OF REQUESTED INFORMATION Thank you for your request for information about zoos which we received on 26 September 2016. Your request has been handled under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. The information you requested and our response is detailed below: “Please can you provide me with a full list of the names of all Zoos in the UK. Under the classification of 'Zoos' I am including any place where a member of the public can visit or observe captive animals: zoological parks, centres or gardens; aquariums, oceanariums or aquatic attractions; wildlife centres; butterfly farms; petting farms or petting zoos. “Please also provide me the date of when each zoo has received its license under the Zoo License act 1981.” See Appendix 1 for a list that APHA hold on current licensed zoos affected by the Zoo License Act 1981 in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales), as at 26 September 2016 (date of request). The information relating to Northern Ireland is not held by APHA. Any potential information maybe held with the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Northern Ireland (DAERA-NI). Where there are blanks on the zoo license start date that means the information you have requested is not held by APHA. Please note that the Local Authorities’ Trading Standard departments are responsible for administering and issuing zoo licensing under the Zoo Licensing Act 1981. -
3.Pdf Open Access
Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/November-2020/3.pdf Open Access Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian cuscuses from Maluku and Papua Island based on 16S rRNA gene Rini Widayanti1 , Richo Apriladi Bagas Pradana1 , Rony Marsyal Kunda2 and Suhendra Pakpahan3 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2. Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia; 3. Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. Corresponding author: Suhendra Pakpahan, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: RW: [email protected], RABP: [email protected], RMK: [email protected] Received: 04-06-2020, Accepted: 22-09-2020, Published online: 04-11-2020 doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2319-2325 How to cite this article: Widayanti R, Pradana RAB, Kunda RM, Pakpahan S (2020) Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian cuscuses from Maluku and Papua Island based on 16S rRNA gene, Veterinary World, 13(11): 2319-2325. Abstract Background and Aim: Indonesian cuscuses are now becoming scarce because of the reduction of habitat and poaching. Further, molecular characterization of Indonesian cuscuses is still very lacking. This study aimed to determine genetic markers and phylogenetic relationships of Indonesian cuscuses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Materials and Methods: This study used 21 cuscuses caught from two provinces and 16 islands: 13 from Maluku and eight from Papua. Cuscus samples were taken by biopsy following ethics guidelines for animals. -
A Species-Level Phylogenetic Supertree of Marsupials
J. Zool., Lond. (2004) 264, 11–31 C 2004 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom DOI:10.1017/S0952836904005539 A species-level phylogenetic supertree of marsupials Marcel Cardillo1,2*, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds3, Elizabeth Boakes1,2 and Andy Purvis1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, U.K. 2 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, U.K. 3 Lehrstuhl fur¨ Tierzucht, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany (Accepted 26 January 2004) Abstract Comparative studies require information on phylogenetic relationships, but complete species-level phylogenetic trees of large clades are difficult to produce. One solution is to combine algorithmically many small trees into a single, larger supertree. Here we present a virtually complete, species-level phylogeny of the marsupials (Mammalia: Metatheria), built by combining 158 phylogenetic estimates published since 1980, using matrix representation with parsimony. The supertree is well resolved overall (73.7%), although resolution varies across the tree, indicating variation both in the amount of phylogenetic information available for different taxa, and the degree of conflict among phylogenetic estimates. In particular, the supertree shows poor resolution within the American marsupial taxa, reflecting a relative lack of systematic effort compared to the Australasian taxa. There are also important differences in supertrees based on source phylogenies published before 1995 and those published more recently. The supertree can be viewed as a meta-analysis of marsupial phylogenetic studies, and should be useful as a framework for phylogenetically explicit comparative studies of marsupial evolution and ecology. -
Ba3444 MAMMAL BOOKLET FINAL.Indd
Intot Obliv i The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia Compiled by James Fitzsimons Sarah Legge Barry Traill John Woinarski Into Oblivion? The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia 1 SUMMARY Since European settlement, the deepest loss of Australian biodiversity has been the spate of extinctions of endemic mammals. Historically, these losses occurred mostly in inland and in temperate parts of the country, and largely between 1890 and 1950. A new wave of extinctions is now threatening Australian mammals, this time in northern Australia. Many mammal species are in sharp decline across the north, even in extensive natural areas managed primarily for conservation. The main evidence of this decline comes consistently from two contrasting sources: robust scientifi c monitoring programs and more broad-scale Indigenous knowledge. The main drivers of the mammal decline in northern Australia include inappropriate fi re regimes (too much fi re) and predation by feral cats. Cane Toads are also implicated, particularly to the recent catastrophic decline of the Northern Quoll. Furthermore, some impacts are due to vegetation changes associated with the pastoral industry. Disease could also be a factor, but to date there is little evidence for or against it. Based on current trends, many native mammals will become extinct in northern Australia in the next 10-20 years, and even the largest and most iconic national parks in northern Australia will lose native mammal species. This problem needs to be solved. The fi rst step towards a solution is to recognise the problem, and this publication seeks to alert the Australian community and decision makers to this urgent issue. -
Visitor Attraction Trends England 2003 Presents the Findings of the Survey of Visits to Visitor Attractions Undertaken in England by Visitbritain
Visitor Attraction Trends England 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VisitBritain would like to thank all representatives and operators in the attraction sector who provided information for the national survey on which this report is based. No part of this publication may be reproduced for commercial purp oses without previous written consent of VisitBritain. Extracts may be quoted if the source is acknowledged. Statistics in this report are given in good faith on the basis of information provided by proprietors of attractions. VisitBritain regrets it can not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained in this report nor accept responsibility for error or misrepresentation. Published by VisitBritain (incorporated under the 1969 Development of Tourism Act as the British Tourist Authority) © 2004 Bri tish Tourist Authority (trading as VisitBritain) Cover images © www.britainonview.com From left to right: Alnwick Castle, Legoland Windsor, Kent and East Sussex Railway, Royal Academy of Arts, Penshurst Place VisitBritain is grateful to English Heritage and the MLA for their financial support for the 2003 survey. ISBN 0 7095 8022 3 September 2004 VISITOR ATTR ACTION TRENDS ENGLAND 2003 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS A KEY FINDINGS 4 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 12 1.1 Research objectives 12 1.2 Survey method 13 1.3 Population, sample and response rate 13 1.4 Guide to the tables 15 2 ENGLAND VISIT TRENDS 2002 -2003 17 2.1 England visit trends 2002 -2003 by attraction category 17 2.2 England visit trends 2002 -2003 by admission type 18 2.3 England visit trends -
Cercartetus Lepidus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae)
MAMMALIAN SPECIES 842:1–8 Cercartetus lepidus (Diprotodontia: Burramyidae) JAMIE M. HARRIS School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: Cercartetus lepidus (Thomas, 1888) is a burramyid commonly called the little pygmy-possum. It is 1 of 4 species in the genus Cercartetus, which together with Burramys parvus form the marsupial family Burramyidae. This Lilliputian possum has a disjunct distribution, occurring on mainland Australia, Kangaroo Island, and in Tasmania. Mallee and heath communities are occupied in Victoria and South Australia, but in Tasmania it is found mainly in dry and wet sclerophyll forests. It is known from at least 18 fossil sites and the distribution of these reveal a significant contraction in geographic range since the late Pleistocene. Currently, this species is not listed as threatened in any state jurisdictions in Australia, but monitoring is required in order to more accurately define its conservation status. DOI: 10.1644/842.1. Key words: Australia, burramyid, hibernator, little pygmy-possum, pygmy-possum, Tasmania, Victoria mallee Published 25 September 2009 by the American Society of Mammalogists Synonymy completed 2 April 2008 www.mammalogy.org Cercartetus lepidus (Thomas, 1888) Little Pygmy-possum Dromicia lepida Thomas, 1888:142. Type locality ‘‘Tasma- nia.’’ E[udromicia](Dromiciola) lepida: Matschie, 1916:260. Name combination. Eudromicia lepida Iredale and Troughton, 1934:23. Type locality ‘‘Tasmania.’’ Cercartetus lepidus: Wakefield, 1963:99. First use of current name combination. CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Diprotodontia, suborder Phalangiformes, superfamily Phalangeroidea, family Burra- myidae (Kirsch 1968). No subspecies for Cercartetus lepidus are currently recognized. -
Review of Zoos' Conservation and Education Contribution
Review of Zoos’ Conservation and Education Contribution Contract No : CR 0407 Prepared for: Jane Withey and Margaret Finn Defra Biodiversity Programme Zoos Policy Temple Quay House Bristol BS1 6EB Prepared by: ADAS UK Ltd Policy Delivery Group Woodthorne Wergs Road Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ Date: April 2010 Issue status: Final Report 0936648 ADAS Review of Zoos’ Conservation and Education Contribution Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank in particular the zoos, aquariums and animal parks that took part in the fieldwork and case studies. We are also grateful to members of the Consultation Group and the Steering Group for their advice and support with this project. The support of Tom Adams, Animal Health, is also acknowledged for assistance with sample design. Project Team The ADAS team that worked on this study included: • Beechener, Sam • Llewellin, John • Lloyd, Sian • Morgan, Mair • Rees, Elwyn • Wheeler, Karen The team was supported by the following specialist advisers: • BIAZA (British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums); and • England Marketing - provision of telephone fieldwork services I declare that this report represents a true and accurate record of the results obtained/work carried out. 30 th April 2010 Sam Beechener and Mair Morgan (Authors’ signature) (Date) 30 th April 2010 John Llewellin (Verifier’s signature) (Date) Executive Summary Executive Summary Objectives The aims of this project were to collect and assess information about the amount and type of conservation and education work undertaken by zoos in England. On the basis of that assessment, and in the light of the Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice (SSSMZP) and the Zoos Forum Handbook (2008 - including the Annexes to Chapter 2), the project will make recommendations for: • minimum standards for conservation and education in a variety of sizes of zoo; and • methods for zoo inspectors to enable them to assess zoo conservation and educational activities. -
Case Et Al. 2008 a Pre-Neogene Phalangerid Possum from South
A PRE-NEOGENE PHALANGERID POSSUM FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA JUDD A. CASE, 1 ROBERT W. MEREDITH, 2 AND JEFF PERSON3 1College of Science, Health & Engineering, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004-2408; [email protected] 2Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; [email protected] 3North Dakota Geological Survey, 600 East Boulevard, Bismarck, ND 58505; [email protected] ABSTRACT--Phalangeridae is one of the most widely dispersed families of possums (Marsupialia, Dirprotodontia) in the Australasian region, extending from Tasmania in the southeast to Sulawesi of the Greater Sunda Islands of Indonesia in the northwest. Yet this one family of possums has generated the most morphological and biochemical phylogenetic uncertainties of any family within Order Diprotodontia. The various phylogenetic relationships for the family have led to different biogeographic models in regard to the site of origin and directions of dispersal for taxa within the family. The recovery of a maxilla from faunal zone B of the late Oligocene Etadunna Formation at Lake Palankarinna, South Australia (ca. 25 mya), results in the oldest known phalangerid to date, some ten million years older than the numerous Middle Miocene fossil phalangerids described from Riversleigh, Queensland. Whereas the Riversleigh phalangerids are similar enough to modern taxa to have originally been included in modern genera, the Etadunna specimen has morphologies that are very plesiomorphic for the family. These include a bladed P3 with a central main cusp that has denticles posteriorly, but no ridges; P3 aligned with tooth row; M1 with parastyle shear aligned with blade of P3; and M2 and M3 more square in occlusal outline. -
Rare Sulawesi Bear Cuscus Born in Captivity for First Time 5 June 2018
Rare Sulawesi bear cuscus born in captivity for first time 5 June 2018 But zoo staff have not yet had the chance to have a really close look. "We haven't named it yet, because we don't know the sex yet," he said. Very little is known about the species, which is vaguely reminiscent of the Koala and lives in Sulawesi's dwindling forests where it has nearly been hunted to death by locals. 'Vulnerable' "We know next to nothing about this species, it's breeding habits or its numbers in the wild because it has never been studied in the wild," said the zoo director, who has spent time on the island, trying to Very little is known about the Sulawesi bear cuscus, discover more about the species. which lives in dwindling forests on the Indonesian island where it has nearly been hunted to death by locals The first Sulawesi bear cuscus to have been born in captivity is thriving at a zoo in Poland, but staff said they only realised the rare tiny marsupial had arrived when its mother's pouch began to move. "It must have been a couple of weeks, or even months, after it was born that we noticed something moving inside the female's pouch and then, a tail popped out!" Radoslaw Ratajszczak, director of the Wroclaw Zoo in south-eastern Poland, told AFP on Tuesday via telephone. "It's the first time the species has been born in The Sulawesi bear cuscus is on the Red List of captivity," he said of the animal whose survival is threatened species and as an easy target for hunters is threatened by hunting and deforestation in its considered vulnerable natural habitat on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. -
ANIMAL CARE Welcome to the Level 2 Diploma in Animal Care at Cronton Sixth Form College
ANIMAL CARE Welcome to the Level 2 Diploma in Animal Care at Cronton Sixth Form College. We are really looking forward to seeing you at enrolment and starting the course with us in September. The team have put together a range of learning materials to spur you into action and prepare you for the exciting times ahead! Your programme of study will cover the following units: Work Experience Animal Feeding and Accommodation Animal Health and Welfare Care of Exotics Animal Handling and Behaviour Animal Biology UPCOMING TRIPS Chester Zoo Knowsley Safari Park Acorn Farm Blackpool Zoo Dogs Trust If you have any questions about enrolment then please speak to the schools liaison team by emailing [email protected] If you have any questions about studying Animal Care then please contact Adam Howson at [email protected] Topic 1: Work Experience in the Animal Care Together we will help you gain the skills to find your dream job. Try to think of as many jobs in animal care as you can? One of your Classmates wants to be an RSPCA inspector – can you find out how much they will expect to earn per year? £____________ Can you think of 10 key skills an RSPCA inspector would need in their job? 1 Animal 2 Care 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Topic 2: Animal Health down at the Zoo Molly the vet has asked for your help. The four tigers are due their annual vaccination. Can you help her work out the correct dosage based on how much they weigh? The recommended dose is worked out as 0.15ml/Kg.