April 26, 1979 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8739 Labor and Human Resources JUNE 7 JUNE 21 Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 10:00 a .m . 10:00 a .m. mittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources To continue oversight hearings on the Surface Transportation Subcommittee To resume oversight hearings on the ac­ implementation of mental health To continue hearings on S. 796, proposed tivities of programs administered by pollcy programs. Railroad Deregulation Act. the Surface Mining Control and Rec­ 4232 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building lamation Act of 1977. MAY 25 JUNE 12 3110 _Dirksen Building 10 :00 a .m. 9:00a.m. JULY 12 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs • veterans' Affairs 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on S. 35, to amend To hold hearings on S. 689, proposed • veterans' Affairs Veterans' Disability Compensation and To hold oversight hearings on the efforts the Credit Control Act. made by t he Veterans' Administration 5302 Dirksen Building Survivor Benefits Act. 6226 Dirksen Building to provide information on benefits due JUNE 6 incarcerated -veterans. 9:30a.m. JUNE 19 10:00 a .m. 6226 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs Energy and Natural Resources CANCELLATIONS To hold hearings on S. 870, proposed To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ APRU. 27 GI Bill Amendments Act, S. 830, to ties of programs administered by the 10:00 a.m. ellminate the State's required payment Surface Milling Control and Reclama­ Appropriations in the educational assistance allow­ tion Act of 1977. Transportation Subcommittee ance program provided for veterans, 3110 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ and S. 881, to provide for the protec­ JUNE 20 et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for tion of certain officers and employees 9:00 a.m. the Department of Transportation. of the VA assigned to perform inves­ • veterans' Affairs 1224 Dirksen Building tigative or law enforcement functions. To hold hearings on S. 759, to provide for MAY 1 6226 Dirksen Building right of the United States to recover 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. the costs of hospital, nursing home or Labor and Human Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation outpatient medical care furnished by Child and Human Development Subcom­ the Veterans' Administration to vet­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee mittee erans for non-service-connected dis­ To hold oversight hearings on the im­ To resume hearings on S. 796, proposed abilities to the extent that they have plementation of the Older American Railroad Deregulation Act. health insurance or similar contracts. Volunteer Program Act (P .L. 93-113) . 235 Russell Building 6226 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, April 26, 1979 The House met at 11 a.m. REV. ROBERT M. BOCK Mr. DANIELSON. I am happy to yield Rev. Robert M. Bock, senior pastor, White House this spect to the Reverend Robert M. Bock. A message in writing from the Presi­ morning. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dent of the United States was commu­ 0 1105 the request of the gentleman from Cali­ nicated to the House by Mr. Chirdon, one Mr. BRADEMAS. Will the gentleman fornia? of his secretaries. yield? There was no objection.

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House Proceedings, ·e.g., D 1407 is 2:07p.m. • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 8740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 26, 1979 UNITED STATES-JAPANESE TRADE (Mr. JoNES) pointed out, Japan, with tors, att orneys, clerical and other assistants, DEFICIT its enormous world trade surpluses and and for the procurement of services or incll­ vidual consultants or organizations thereof Arizona, the dis­ objection to the request of the gentle­ SEc. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution tinguished minority leader Texas. is in session. There is an investigative Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, in re­ hearing. sponse to the question from the minority The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there leader, we will conclude the business of objection to the request of the gentleman CALL OF THE HOUSE the week today after passing the funding from California? Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I move resolution for the Select Committee on D 1135 a call of the House. Committees and a series of four printing Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, re­ A call of the House was ordered. resolutions from the Committee on House serving the right to object, there is no There was no objection. Administration. markup of any bill? The call was taken by electronic de­ The House will not be in session tomor­ Mr. MINETA. This is our Subcommit­ vice, and the following Members failed row, Friday, April 27. tee on Oversight and Review of the Com­ to respond: It would be my purpose at the co::tclu­ mitte on Public Works and Transporta­ [Roll No. 102] sion of this colloquy to ask unanimous tion. Andrews, N.C. Fish Pash.ayan consent that when the House adjourns Mr. ROUSSELOT. But these are hear­ Archer F.orio Patten Ashbrook Ford, Mich. Pickle today it adjourn to meet on Monday ings only? Biaggi Garcia Preyer next at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. MINETA. Purely hearings; no Boner Giaimo Rangel On Monday, we will take up House legislation, no markup. Bowen Gibbons Rodino Brown, Calif. Gray Rosenthal Concurrent Resolution 107, the congres­ Mr. ROUSSELOT. I appreciate the Buchanan Harsha. Roybal sional budget resolution. We hope to gentleman's reply. Chisholm Hinson Santini conclude general debate on Monday and Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva­ Coughlin Hollenbeck Scheuer continue consideration through Tuesday tion of objection. Courter Hubbard Shelby Crane, Philip Jeffords Shuster and Wednesday. It would be our purpose The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there D'Amours Jenrette Stark to complete consideration, if possible, on objection to the request of the gentle­ Deckard Jones, Tenn. Tauke Wednesday. man from California? Dellums Kemp Thompson Diggs Leland Trible If we are able to do that, then on There was no objection. Dingell Long, La. Udall Thursday, May 3, 1979, the House would Mr. MINETA. Will the gentleman Dixon Lott Ullman meet at 11 o'clock a.m., and we would from Indiana yield for this? Dougherty McDonald Vander Jagt Eckhardt McEwen Vanik hope to take up the Alaska National In­ Mr. BRADEMAS. I yield to the gen­ Edwards, Calif. McKinney Waxman terest Lands Conservation Act of 1979, tleman from California. Erlenborn Matsui Williams, Mont. H.R. 39, and then continue that on Fri­ SHATTER THE SILENCE VIGIL 1979-MR. YAKOV Evans, Del. Miller, Calif. Wyatt day, and conclude it, if at all possible, Evans, Ga. Moffett SCHWARTZMAN Ferraro O'Brien on Friday. • Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I wish to 0 1130 I think it is important to suggest at speak today as part of the "Shatter the this point that Members ought probably Silence Vigil 1979" on behalf of Mr. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. to expect Friday sessions from now until CoTTER) . On this rollcall 361 Members Yakov Schwartzman, a "refusenik" liv­ the end of this session of Congress. It ing in the Soviet Union. A 30-year-old have recorded their presence by elec­ will be exceptional if we do not have a tronic device, a quorum. Soviet Jew, Yakov Schwartzman has Friday session. been separated from his wife, Lila, and Under the rule, further proceedings The House will adjourn by 3 o'clock under the call are dispensed with. 6-year-old son, Boris, for 2 years. Lila p.m. on Friday and by 5:30 p.m. o'n all and Boris Schwartzman were allowed to other days except Wednesday. emigrate to Israel 2 years ago, yet since PROVIDING FUNDS FOR SELECT Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I thank 1973, Yakov Schwartzman has been re­ COMMITTEE ON COMMITTEES the gentleman from Texas , Boner Hall, Ohio Preyer 1205 Bowen Hubbard Rangel 0 the thermostat contingency plan. Chisholm Jetrords Rodino Mr. ULLMAN. Well, on the bill that The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Coughlin Jenrette Shuster the House passed, there are no differ­ Crane, Phntp Jones, Tenn. Stark objection to the request of the gentleman Dellums Kemp Tauke ences at all. The Senate fully concurred from Michigan? Diggs Leland Thompson in our tax treatment for State legisla­ There was no objection. Dixon Long, L&. Trible tors, but they added some extraneous Dougherty Lott VanderJagt welfare amendments that are very com­ Evans, Del. Lundlne Wllson, Bob plex. The gentleman from 0alifornia Evans, oa. McHugh Young, Alaska Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Mr. FOUNTAIN changed their vote fornia the Washington Post, Apr. 21, 1979] OF HIS RECORD, ASSOCIATES SAY broaden the party's base, said House Minor­ ity Leader Rep. John R. Rhodes (R-Ariz). ROGERS C. B. MORTON (By Peter Miller) "It's on the way. And he started an awful Reflections about Rogers C. B. Morton EASTON.-Fellow politicians have difficulty lot of it," he said. Efforts by GOP Chairman really have to start with his size. He was a explaining why Rogers C. B. Morton's political Bill Brock today to draw a. wider variety of towering man, white-haired, easy to spot in style was so effective, except to point to his voters into the party continue those started a tumultuous Republican convention or on personal warmth. by Morton, Rhodes said. the floor of the House. But Mr. Morton, who His friendships were the key to his political As a. representative of the Eastern Shore, died of cancer in Easton Thursday, stood out power on the Eastern Shore, said Robert E. Morton applied his persuasive manner to win more because he was so genial, warm-hearted Bauman (R-Md.-First), who now holds the compromises in negotiations for projects and easy to like. He enjoyed politics, the com­ seat in Congress that Morton filled from 1962 such as the Army Corps of Engineers' ambi­ bat and the camaraderie. With a seemingly to 1971. tious Chesapeake Bay Model and the trans­ inexhaustible store of friends and stories, he He cultivated friendships in the best South­ formation of Assateague into a. national sea­ was a masterful campaigner, an effective per­ ern tradition, developing a. network of sup­ shore park. suader and a superb storyteller. porters from wealthy businessmen to work­ When Virginia. was competing with Mary­ Politically, Mr. Morton combined a busi­ ing watermen, said Bauman. "And that basic land for the siting of the Bay Model, Morton nessman's economic caution with the con­ contact with people is the best kind of sup­ came up with the winning formula. at Mata.­ servationist instincts of a farmer, the easy­ port to have," he said. In comparison, the peake on Kent Island in Queen Anne's going style of a. patrician and a gentleman's support of special groups or a. good television County, said Tawes. sense of integrity. That reflected his heritage, image are just frosting on the cake. And when Worcester County developers, as did his middle names--Clark, after Revo­ "I was always amazed when I saw him cam­ fearing the loss of valuable tourist business, lutionary War hero and outdoorsman George paigning," recalled state senator Dr. Aris T. dug in their heels against a. national park at Rogers Clark, and Ballard, for the side of Allen, who crossed paths with Morton in 1966 Assateague Island, Morton came up with a his family that had prospered in the food­ when he was running for the House of Dele­ plan to satisfy them, too, added Bauman. processing field. But Mr. Morton often said gates a.nd Morton was seeking re-election to That plan offered them a stretch of land his middle initials stood for "Chesapeake Congress. "He'd be out there extending a big north of Assateague for development with Bay," and he was so at home with the nature handshake and a warm srnlle in the most a north-south highway in return for pre­ and people of the Eastern Shore that it was honest way and he was always well received," serving the island. easy to forget that he had moved there from he said. That deal, however, was revoked two years Kentucky at the age of 38. Morton's popularity in the First District, ago by legislation Bauman sponsored follow­ In terms of laws and programs, Mr. Mor­ even after he left office, made his endorse­ ing a study that showed steadily increasing ton's best legacy was to the Bay country, ment a sought-after plum for political hope­ revenues in that area from tourists despite which he served in Congress for nine years. fuls. State Senator Frederick C. Ma.lkus, Jr., the lack of highrise developments. His efforts were crucial in establishing the said Morton's endorsement of Bauman in the Morton used his personal style of politics Assa.teague Island National Seashore and special Congressional election of 1973 prob­ in other Eastern Shore matters as well, said launching the Corps of Engineers' huge re­ ably made the difierence in that close race. Bauman. He pushed for legislation to bene­ search model of Chesapeake Bay. Ma.lkus lost the election to Bauman by only fit agriculture and to limit the role of gov­ On the national stage, Mr. Morton served 1,200 out of 53,000 votes. ernment in regulations, for example. And he creditably as Secretary of the Interior and Political observers difier, however, on how fought pollution of the Bay by helping Shore Commerce and as a White House counselor Morton infiuenced the Republican Party in towns find grant money for sewer systems. under Presidents Nixon and Ford. In those Maryland. And through it all, he maintained a rare roles he had some success in promoting en­ Some persons say he offered stability to the reputation as an honest, accessible politi­ ergy development and injecting environmen­ GOP at a time when it was weakened by frag­ cian, said Bauman. During a period when tal safeguards into projects such as the Alas­ mentation. "He had an a.billty to organize Maryland was closely associated with the ka pipeline and offshore oil exploration. a.nd to bring people together and motivate troubles of Agnew, Mandel, and Dale Ander­ Mr. Morton's most impressive work was as them," said Allen. In the early 1960s, and son, people in this state could still point to a. Republican party leader and strategist. In even later, he brought the party together in Morton as a Republican of national stature times of political turmoil and nastiness-in Maryland, he said. who escaped even Watergate. 1964 as well as 1974-he was a sturdy voice "In a. district that's primarily Democratic against deviousness and distrust. He tried registrations, he turned around," said Dr. Al­ [From the Cambridge, (Md.) Banner, Apr. 23, doggedly to make the GOP more open, more len Levey, state GOP chairman. The Republl­ 1979] tolerant of dissenters and more appealing to ca.n Party needed a. broader base of support a wide swath of the electorate. I! he had and Morton helped to provide that, he said, RoGERS MORTON been younger, healthier, more ambitious, less "He helped keep the party together and put it Eastern Sharemen knew Rogers Morton as loyal or more inclined to play the moral cen­ together (in Maryland) better than it had a good and kind friend. That line ran through sor's role, he might have come into public ever been before." the reminiscences of Sharemen who were view more clearly as a champion of political Other persons, however, say Morton steered shocked by his death last Thursday. One of integrity. Even so, his spirit and doggedness clear of state politics, preferring Washington our memories of the tall Talbot Countian helped bolster other Republicans and reha.­ concerns to those of Annapolis. dates back to a day when he was giving seri­ b111tate the party after Watergate. Then, as "He was happy in Washington and was ous thought to running for Congress and had always, Rogers Morton stood as proof that probably more interested in the national come to the office to talk about the choice of politics can be decent, compassionate and scene," said former Governor J. Millard a. Dorchester Countlan to serve as his man fun. Ta.wes, who recalled Morton being named Friday. Dressed in working man's clothes and from time to time as a. possible candidate for with his hair unruly, he looked like a shaggy [From the Washington Star, Apr. 23, 1979) statewide office. bear. Later he slicked up a bit as his career RoGERS C. B. MORTON Bauman said Morton's name came up twice pointed toward Washington but his personal Rogers C. B. Morton (the initials stoOd in 1970 as a potential opponent to both Mar­ warmth never cooled. vin Mandel, who was seeking re-election as for Clark Ballard-chesapeake Bay, he Rogers Morton in Washington was a man sometimes joked) was an imposing man. At governor, and to Joseph D. Tydings, who was of integrity in a. sea of intrigue. None of the running for another term in the U.S. Senate. 6 feet, 8 inches, he towered over the crowd. scandals which touched other high-placed In politics, he was a. standout. In zest for But Morton never showed much interest in Republicans touched him. He served capably living, he took a. back seat to no one. these possib111ties, said Bauman. He never as national party chairman before being Eorn to wealth, he could have been a served as state party chairman, he pointed named a cabinet officer by two Presidents. If dilettante. But that was not for him. He out. cancer had not struck, he might have come ran the family flour business, Ballard & If he had run for one of these offices, he out of retirement to run for governor. But Ballard, for several years and when it was probably would have lost. Malkus speculated. the burden of two decades in federal service bought by Pillsbury, he decided to pursue "I liked him. He was an honorable man," added to deteriorating health forced an end a political career. said the Dorchester Democrat. "But he car­ to his career. It probably would have been easier 1n ried no great strength in state politics be- Rogers Morton has left two monuments on Kentucky, where his order brother, Thurston, 8748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE April 26, 1979 already had carved the Morton name into ionable. He was instrumental, among other Mr. Speaker, in the passing of our the political landscape, as a United States things, in establishing Assateague Island former colleague, Rogers Morton, I sense senator and as national chairman of the as a national seashore and in the construc­ the loss of a longtime friend. Rog and I Republican Party. But Rogers preferred to tion of a huge research model of the Chesa­ were elected to the U.S. House of Repre­ make it on his own and moved to the East­ peake Bay on the Eastern Shore. Ever the practical politician, a man who sentatives at the same time, and he be­ ern Shore of Maryland. He bought a 1,400- came a leader of our Eighty-eight Club acre tract on the Wye River near Easton loved the combat and color of partisan strug­ where he could combine politics with two gle, Mr. Morton tried to steer the GOP In Members, who were sworn in by the other loves-farming and the water. directions it did not want to go. He urged former Speaker of the House, John Mc­ Of his many accomplishments in the an outreach toward blacks, toward white Cormack, in January 1963. political arenar---congressman, national Re- . ethnics, toward the young-a thwarted quest In addition to his prominent and effec­ publican chairman, secretary of Interior as the party center constantly shifted right­ tive public and political leadership, Rog and Commerce, high-level operative in the ward. Mr. Morton went along, becoming one Morton evidenced a warmth of personal­ presidential campaigns of Richard Nixon of the GOP inner circle. ity, a refreshing sense of humor, and an and Gerald Ford-he probably would put his The hefty Marylander was Mr. Nixon's floor innate friendliness which endeared him efforts on behalf of the Maryland he became manager at the 1968 convention, served for a part of the top of the list: laws to clean a time as Republican national chairman, to all with whom he came in contact. up Chesapeake Bay pollution, the establish­ went on to take Interior and Commerce cabi­ Rog Morton was generous with his ment of a national park on Assateague Is­ net posts and then managed Gerald Ford's time and unfailing in his loyalties. He land, construction of a model of the Bay race against Ronald Reagan for the 1976 pres­ keynoted Republican fundraisers in my !or the Corps of Engineers to study how the idential nomination. He was one of the coun­ congressional district while serving as Chesapeake works. try's first energy czars, and as such pushed chairman of the Republican National It ws.s to the Eastern Shore that he re­ for construction of the Alaska pipeline, the Committee, and he traveled widely in treated when he needed surcease from what sale of oil leases off the East Coast, oil shale behalf of his friends, his party, and the he called the "rat-race" in Washington. It development in the Mountain West and cre­ was there he went when cancer !forced his ation of a Department of Energy. These administration which he served as Sec­ retirement from politics. Even in lllness he proved prophetic proposals. retary of the Interior. found it necessary to find new things to do; As we remember Rogers Morton, however, Mr. Speaker, in the passing of Rogers he organized a boat-building firm and was his political personality predominates over Morton, we have witnessed the demise active in it to the end. his political rt:cord. He brought a glint of of a former colleague who was thor­ The tributes that poured in upon his humor, of good fellowship, of just plain oughly genuine in his support of prin­ death, at 64, last Thursday spoke almost Ukeableness to the national scene during a ciples and causes which are associated uniformly of his honesty, integrity and en­ very grim period. And for that alone, Mary­ land and the nation are much indebted. with the best interests of the Republican thusiasm. Maryland Sen. Charles Mathias Party and, indeed, of the Republic itself. said Mr. Morton was "so human he made Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentle­ government itself seem human to people." As a member of a prominent Ken­ It's so easy to make enemies in politics woman from Maryland Baltimore Sun, Apr. 20, 1979] Mr. Speaker, it is with great sadness and in the interests of our Republican ROGERS C. B. MORTON that I join so many of our colleagues in Party. There was a moment in the life of Rogers this special order on the loss of Rogers In participating in this tribute to Rog C. B. Morton when the road beckoned to­ C. B. Morton. Morton today, I wish also to express my ward the presidency. The moment was 1968, It was my privilege to know Rog respect for his life and for his service to the place Miami, the occasion the Republican Morton as my Congressman, as a Cab­ the Nation, as well as to extend to his National Convention. As Richard M. Nixon inet member, as the Republican Party wife, Anne, his children, and to his tells it, he took Mr. Morton aside, asked his opinion about Spiro T. Agnew for the vice chairman, and, most importantly, as a brother, Thruston, my deep sympathy. presidential nomination and then said: "Rog, friend. He was a man of diverse interests Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, will the maybe you would be the better choice for and abilities and he left a positive mark gentleman yield? me." on everything he touched. Mr. BAUMAN. I yield to the gentle­ The towering, white-thatched, ever-ami.:. Regardless of the high levels to which man from Florida. able Marylander, who died yesterday at his he rose, Rog Morton always retained Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I would home near Easton, reacted like a political those qualities which made him a re­ just like to express, from the bottom of professional, in the best sense of the word. spected and loved Member of Congress. of my heart and, I believe, from the As a mere member of the House, he told Mr. He was a fair and honest man who bottom of the heart of every person who Nixon, he would lack credentials and credi­ fought hard for what he believed in and served with this fine gentleman in the b111ty. He described Mr. Agnew, despite a tendency to be lazy, as the stronger candi­ recognized the right of others to dis­ Congress, a sense of deep appreciation for date. "Had Morton said that he wanted it, agree. He was a man who did not need the fact that here was a man who cer­ even at that late moment I might well hiWe public office, but rather viewed public tainly needed no attention brought to picked him," Mr. Nixon tells us in his service as a responsibility. He was a big himself, needed no wealth, and needed autobiography. man both physically and in his capacity nothing that this Chamber could bring to It is tempting to think what might have to help others less fortunate than him­ him, but, more, he was desirous of bring­ been. Among his many attributes, Mr. Mor­ self. ing something to the country and to this ton was clean. Scandal never touched him Each of us wlll remember Rog for dif­ institution. He certainly did that, and even as it swept over the Nixon administra­ ferent things. For me, it will be personal certainly in the years that followed, tion he later served. He tried to tell Mr. memories of a warm dynamic individual. when he served in the Cabinet, he did a Nixon to deal with the Watergate problem magnificent job. forthrightly, but "the kids," as he later de­ He was a great Marylander who wlll scribed the Haldeman-Ehrlichman crew, long be remembered for his conserva­ All of us, I am .sure, feel he was indeed overruled him. Maybe if he had been vice tion efforts and his crusade to preserve an inspiration to those who served with president he could have saved Mr. Nixon. Mayland's Chesapeake Bay. him and to other generations to come. He Certainly if he had been vice president he He will be sorely missed by all of us. was an inspiration in putting first things would never have been removed from office first and serving his country sacrificially. for corruption before he had a chance to Duncan and I extend our deepest sym­ He did it in a way which was inspiring succeed to the White House. pathy to his wife Anne and his son and to all of us, and the friendships he culti­ Along with the disgraced Agnew and the daughter. vated here are treasured by all of us. The highly admired Senator Charles Mathias, Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield to emotions I have and, I believe showed by Rogers Morton was one of the few Maryland the gentleman from Illinois Trent Lott QUALITY CONTROL Revenue Service and Social Security data and Robin Beard, the concept has generated could be merged by computer to locate 85 much discussion. Other proponents of conscription claim percent of 20-year-old males within five days. McCloskey's bill gives the 17-year-old reg­ that the All Volunteer Force is large enough, The privacy issues raised by such pro­ istrant a whole year to consider four but its "quality" is too low. In fact, the AVF posals, in what could become a universal options: now contains the highest percentage of high registration of all young people, led David E. -Two years of active military service, school graduates in history and has roughly Landau of the American Civll Liberties coupled with educational benefits; the same percentage of the highest "Mental Union to warn the House Armed Services -Six months of active duty followed by Category" recruits as during the draft and Committee that such action could reverse five and one half years of reserve obligations; considerably fewer of the lowest-scoring the trend in Federal legislation toward -One year of civilian service in conserva­ Mental Category IV, personnel. granting greater personal privacy and could tion, agriculture, tutoring or other commu­ Contrary to popular thinking, the A VF still effectively "institute a universal identifier nity projects; or draws people from roughly the same socio­ system" for the United States. economic background as those who served -Placement in a pool of potential draftees during the draft. According to a RAND Cor­ SECURITY VS. PRIVACY for six years. At 18, with some limited excep­ poratiO'Il study by Richard Cooper, the AVF The truth is that virtually nothing of tions, every man and woman would make the gets 43.4 percent of its recruits from family mllitary significance is to be gained by pre­ choice. income backgrounds under $10,300. The draft mobllization registration. Even the CBO be­ BALANCING THE BUDGET got 42.5 percent from that s:1me e conomic lieves that a draft could be started a mere 13 McCloskey claims this is not really "con­ background. Even more importantly, 37.1 days sooner with registration than without scription" because one may not be required percent of America's youth are in this family it. Should a real need for vast military to do anything if the luck of the lottery pool bracket, so it is not accurate to say that both person-power emerge, finding people to draft is with him or her for a full six years. He also the draft and the A VF drew disproportion­ will hardly be the biggest problem. The real argues that the scheme will cost "virtually ately heavily from the poor. problems will arise because of he lack of nothing" because the private sector will find There are some differences, however. Be­ equipment and training facilities to handle jobs for civlUan "recruits," and because the cause of recruiting costs of $300 million and vast numbers of inductees rapidly and put beginning pay-scale for mllitary and publicly pay scales now well above the minimum wage, them through the three months of basic funded civ111an workers will be reduced from the AVF is slightly more expensive. But to training required by statute. Backed by a $419 to $192 per month. restore even a modest draft into the reserves letter opposing registration from 400 Viet Even with low pay and heavy private sec­ would cost an additional $500 mlllion for Nam veterans from his district, Oregon Con­ tor commitments. McCloskey has never administration and salaries. If draft-era pay gressman James Weaver argues: "To live with demonstrated how his program will be cost levels were restored there would be a return the constant threat of being uprooted and free. The RAND Corporation, Congressional of the scandalously poor lifestyles of enlisted pressed into service would be a needless gov­ Budget Office and Defense Department have persons, particularly those stationed abroad ernmental intrusion that would not be bal­ appraised simllar widescale programs at with !amllies-and the savings would be less anced by any real increase in our security." $10-23 b11lion per year over present expendi­ than one percent of the total Defense De­ Nevertheless, support for registration tures. McCloskey must assume that an ex­ partment budget. The trade-offs seem hardly abounds and its baclters include General tremely high percentage of the four m1llion worth it on purely logical grounds, not to David C. Jones, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs people turning 18 each year will choose the speak of morals. of Staff, and Secretary of the Army Clifford lottery pool and the government itself wlll Some critics of the AVF point out that it Alexander. President Carter has not taken a fund few of the civ111an jobs. Even with those contains a greater percentage of blacks and position. The Carter-proposed fiscal 1980 assumptions, I can never get the figures to minority youth. In peacetime that is not budget includes only $3 m1llion more over show anything close to a break-even point prima facie evidence of inequity. Although the current level for improving computer­ for national service costs. we should be appalled at the lack of com­ ized data processing procedures which might McCloskey, Paul Simon and the other lib­ mitment of the Federal Government to pro­ be used for emergency registration. This eral co-sponsors offer appealing-but, to me, vide meaningful employment programs for increase seems prudent. finally unconvincing-arguments. all people, it would help no one to set what Those who seek ways to in"o:~.de private First, they see a danger in a "professional would amount to race quotas through ran­ files or jumble computer lists, and to avoid army" that could be led to excess or ad­ dom conscription; for many blacks that traditional face-to-face registration, clearly venturism. McCloskey told the Chicago Trib­ would mean no jobs rather than milltary are concerned about what resistance regis­ une: "The leader of the reluctant citizen­ jobs. This is in part why Congressional Black tration might engender. A recent Harris poll soldier knows that he must justify to his Caucus Chairman Parren Mitchell recently shows 47 percent of those between 18 and 29 troops the war in which he asks them to signed a joint letter to President Carter op­ opposing registration. Although many of die." Opponents of McCloskey's bill (and of posing any efforts to begin a draft revival. those persons would obviously register 1f 'Other draft proposals) like Congressznan To hear some Southern AVF critics on the required by law, the CBO projects that as Robert Drinan of Massachusetts see a pre­ Armed Services Committees talk about the many as 100,000 per year would not. Another cisely opposite problem. "We could not have "problem" of disproportionate representa­ Defense Department study says: "Should the fought the war in Viet Nam without the tion of blacks might make one consider registration meet widespread resistance and pool of manpower the draft provided." Al­ them born-again civil rights activists. It is strict enforcement be ordered, costs could though McCloskey's fear of true mercenaries not all that likely that these Congressmen be very high. The FBI 1s not eager to enforce (those who fight only for pay or glory) might are worried about "too many" blacks in the SSS registration ..."In mid-March, to give be justified, the average AVF recruit is not 8760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE April 26, 1979 eager to see combat; nor is he or she truly a the difference exist. Although it may be people the full tax benefits of inoome tax "professional" since the average recruit only logical to keep women out of combat, there splitting now enjoyed by married indi­ spends about 3.4 years on active duty. is surely no justlftcation for keeping them viduals filing joint returns, and also to A second strong appeal is that young peo­ out of any other military or civlllan service, ple today do not have adequate avenues for particularly in light of the large number equalize taxes for married couples when expressing their idealism. Although this is of women doing exemplary service in the both are employed. probably true, it is difficult to see by any AVF. Under our present system of Federal historical evidence how compulsory civlllan Curiously, 1t is the emotional debate over income taxation, individuals with equal service to avoid the mllltary or six years of whether .to include women even in a regis­ incomes do not pay equal taxes. There uncertainity in the draft lottery is likely to tration plan that may prove the largest are a number of reasons for this. Some be of high enough quality actually to help . stumbling block to rapid passage of legis­ individuals have more itemized deduc­ the intended beneficiaries of the service. A lation. The same people who promote high­ tions, some use the standard deduction, better answer for unmet idealism seems budgeted military policies generally oppose more voluntary service options, not com­ and some have more dependents. Even requiring-or even permitting-women to do after these factors are accounted for, in­ pelled labor. As one caller on a radio talk more .than childcare and bread baking. One show put it, "I don't want my mother in suspects, however, that 1! they had to choose dividuals with equal taxable incomes may the nursing home taken care of by somebody between values, at least for registration, their not pay equal taxes. who doesn't really want to be there!" thirst !or the draft would overcome their One reason for these differences is the McCloskey and his more conservative co­ sex role sensitivities. taxpayer's filing status. Under present sponsors see this as a way to increase mlll­ Many draft critics, and pro-conscription law there are five individual tax rate tary hardware expenditures within the pres­ supporters find registration, and probably schedules: First, for married individuals ent defense budget. By paying m11itary per­ classification or limited induction authority, filing joint returns and for surviving sonnel at what amount to subsistence wages, almost inevitable in 1979. Signs of opposition the present budget would have "extra" spouses; second, one for single persons are growing, however. The National Council who qualify as heads of households; funds available for m11itary weapons research to Repeal .the Draft has returned as the and development. McCloskey readily ac­ Committee Against Registration and the third, one for single individuals; fourth, knowledges that this is important in his Draft and should become visibly active soon. one for married individuals filing sepa­ district, which receives the highest percent­ Five Democratic and three Republican House rate returns; and fifth, one for estates age of defense contracts in the United States. members have begun circulating a "Dear and trusts. But that is hardly a consideration relevant Colleague" letter to get others to join ames­ Although each of the five rate tables to national security; nor is it easy to believe sage to President Carter opposing the return that this country needs still heavier ex­ has rates ranging from 14 to 70 percent of registration. of taxable income, each has a different penditures for military hardware. One of the most disconcerting features of There is no question that compulsory level of progressivity. As a result of the service has a certain appeal. There are a the draft revival is how quietly it is being way the rates are structured, the rates for few additional hidden problems, however, pursued in Congress. Since early February, the House Armed Services Committee has estates and trusts are the most steeply which for me ultimately negate its value. graduated, the rates for married individ­ National service workers in place, competent been holding hearings on the "Moblllzation Capacity of the Selective Service System." uals filing a joint return and surviving or incompetent, present good excuses for spouses are the least steeply graduated, cutbacks in other social service programs: They have been hearing evidence on every "We gave you an 18-year-old to pick up litter. possible draft bill. Yet 1! a member of the followed by the head of household rates, How can you ask for a recycling center too?" public calls the Committee .they consistently the single individual rates, and the mar­ Again, a national service proposal with heavy announce reassuringly that "no hearings on ried filing separately rates. involvement by the private sector would un­ bringing back the draft are occurring." The All of these different rates result in doubtedly displace marginally employed Subcommittee on Mil1tary Personnel has also made a secret recommendation to the the following inequities: First, single in­ workers. Congressman McCloskey, for ex­ 20 ample, particularly wants religious organi­ Budget Committee for an increase in the dividuals pay up to percent more tax zations to locate and fund national service Selective Service budget. The Senate Armed than married individuals earning the placements. One wonders how many $10,000 Services Subcommittee on Manpower, same amount of income if the married per year church custodians would find them­ chaired by Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia, has person's spouse earns no income. This selves replaced by $3,000 or even $6,000 na­ begun hearings on the s~me nebulous area difference is viewed as a tax on being tional service workers. and "may invite" a few public witnesses dur­ single or a "marriage subsidy." Second, Finally, every proposal for peacetime reg­ ing the coming months. in many cases two wage earners pay istration faces sizable constitutional ob­ The debate has begun. Questions of the more tax on the same incomes if mar­ stacles. The constitutionality of such a effectiveness and equity of the AVF, the if peacetime process has never been addressed legitimate personnel needs of the military, ried than unmarried. This discrep­ by the Supreme Court. All the cases up­ and the constitutionality and morality of ancy is often called the "marriage pen­ holding emergency registration and con­ various draft proposals will be resolved this alty." scription echo a decision upholding the 1948 year. Even if only registration occurs this My bill is intended to cure both these Selective Service Act; the Court found a yen, the nation may be inexorably on the problems. H.R. 108 would extend the wartime draft "a valid exercise of the war road back to drafting the young to do what­ benefits of the income splitting tax rates power. It is calculated to function-it func­ ever work the nation deems necessary. It is now enjoyed by married individuals fil­ tions today-in time of peril." The emphasis a decision that requires careful thought and is consistently in a present state of extreme full debate. To date, I have found no reason ing joint returns to all unmarried indi­ crisis that clearly requires additional per­ to abandon .the skepticism I expressed last viduals. In addition, the bill would al­ sonnel for the defense of the nation's in­ February during a Congressional hearing: low married couples with two wage terests. "Many Americans are frankly baftled abOut earners to be taxed at the same rates as Compulsory registration or more at a time how a nation with 2.1 mlllion active duty any other two individuals with the same when there is neither war nor a state of personnel, 800,000 persons in the selected income levels. The married couple would, declared national emergency is likely to be reserves, over 300,000 persons in the Delayed for the most part, no longer be a taxable found unconstitutional. The 13th Amend­ Entry Program and a history of being able unit. ment's prohibition on "involuntary servi­ to recruit 'actual volunteers' even during tude" can be violated by other means besides such an unpopular war as Viet Nam can be H.R. 108 provides that every individ­ the reinstitution of slavery, and peacetime said to be insufficiently prepared for any real ual other than an estate of trust would conscription, particularly any non-military emergency.••• use the table currently used by married conscription, would be a prime candidate. individuals filing joint returns and by SEX ROLES AND THE MILITARY certain surviving spouses. The rate ta­ A second looming constitutional issue is CONGRESS SHOULD ELIMINATE bles for single individuals, for married the legality of a draft for men alone. Women UNFAIR TAXATION individuals filing separately and for cannot be registered or conscripted under The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a heads of households would be elimi­ the present Selective Service Act. Even previous order of the House, the gentle­ nated. The rate table for trusts and es­ absent ratification of the Equal Rights tates would be retained. Amendment, recent Supreme Court decisions man from illinois Tennessee

H.R. 160: Mr. SHUMWAY, Mr. HIGHTOWER, Mr. NOWAK, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr. GREEN, Mr. Mr. MARTIN, Mr. STUMP, Mr. WAMPLER , Mr. Mr. RoSE, Mr. DORNAN, Mr. LoTT, Mr. STEN• IRELAND, Mr. TRAXLER, Mr. LUKEN, Mr. DRINAN, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. BOB WILSON, Mr. HOLM, and Mr. GRAMM. GRASSLEY, Mr. SAWYER, :Mr. VANDER JAGT, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. KEMP, Mr. GUDGER, Mr. PHILIP H.R. 476: Mr. LEDERER, Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. McCLORY, Mr. KEMP, Mr. SHUMWAY, Mr. M. CRANE , Mr. KELLY, Mr. STANGELAND, and OrTINGER, Mr. DIGGS, Mr. McCoRMACK, Mr. HUBBARD, Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. MINETA, Mrs. Ms. FERRARO. WEISS, Mr. CORRADA, Mr. STEWART, Mr. ED­ BouQUARD, and Mr. OrriNGER. H .R . 2727: Mr. STEED, Mr. SIMoN, and Mr. WARDS of California, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. PA­ H.R. 1825: Mr. ULLMAN. HIGHTOWER. NETTA, Mr. CoNYERS, Mr. EvANs of Georgia, H .R . 2542: Mr. DORNAN, Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. H.R. 2662: Mr. WEAVER, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. GUARINI, WHITEHURST, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. JEFFRIES, and Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. BARNES, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. SCHEUER, ST GERMAIN, Mr. NowAK, Mr. HYDE, Mr. H .J. Res. 213: Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. MINETA, Mr. LONG Of Maryland, Mr. FROST, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. ED­ H . Res. 115: Mr. SYNAR. BRODHEAD, Mr. WoLFE, Mr. DowNEY, Mr. LA­ WARDS Of California, Mr. LEVITAS, Mr. KILDEE, H. Res. 191: Mr. NOLAN, and Mr. LEACH of FALCE, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. SIMON, Mr. RoE, Mr. Mr. LENT, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Louisiana. MAGUIRE, Mr. CoRMAN, Mr. BONIOR of Michi­ Mr. VENTO, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. BURGENER, Mr. gan, Mr. WOLPE, Mr. SOLARZ, Mr. STARK, and BOLAND, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. Ms. MIKULSKI. RANGEL, Mr. 0BERSTAR Mr. GOODLING, Mr. PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 837: Mr. EVANS of the Virgin Islands WINN, Mr. FITHIAN, Mr'. BARNES, Mr. AKAKA, and Mrs. FENWICK. Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. EVANS of the Virgin Is­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII. H .R. 1603: Mr. BOB WILSON, Mr. PICKLE, lands, Mr. HORTON, Mr. McHUGH, Mr. GRAY, 112. The SPEAKER presented a petition of Mr. COURTER, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. GRAMM, Mr. Mr. EDGAR, Mr. ROBINSON, Mr. GLICKMAN, Mr. the mayor and city commission, Sault Ste. WATKINS, and Mr. EVANS of Delaware. GOLDWATER, Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee, Mr. Marie, Mich., relative to year-around naviga­ H.R. 1744: Mr. GILMAN. PRITCHARD, Mr. MARLENEE, Mr. LoTT, Mr. tion and shipping in the Saint Mary's River H.R. 1785: Mr. CORCORAN, Mr. CONTE, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. LEDERER, Mr. system, which was referred to the Committee SHANNON, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. DoRNAN, SOLOMON, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, Mr. TREEN, on Public Works and Transportation.

SENATE-Thursday, April 26, 1979

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