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The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area | 1 2 | The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area White waterlily, Nymphaea alba The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area In order to get a better reference the future and long-term planning of activities aimed for the protection of wetlands and their ecological functions, WWF Sweden initiated an evaluation of the representation of wetland types and species in the RAMSAR network of protected sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area. The study was contracted to Dr Mats Eriksson (MK Natur- och Miljökonsult HB, Sweden), who has been assisted by Mrs Alda Nikodemusa, based in Riga, for the compilation of information from the countries in Eastern Europe. Mats O.G. Eriksson MK Natur- och Miljökonsult HB, Tommered 6483, S-437 92 Lindome, Sweden With assistance by Alda Nikodemusa, Kirsu iela 6, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area | 3 Contents Foreword 5 Summary 6 Sammanfattning på svenska 8 Purpose of the study 10 Background and introduction 10 Study area 12 Methods 14 Land-use in the catchment area 14 Definitions and classification of wetland types 14 Country-wise analyses of the representation of wetland types 15 Accuracy of the analysis 16 Overall analysis of the representation of wetland types in the catchment area 16 Analyses of the representation of species 18 Wetland surface areas and representation of wetland types 20 The inclusion of wetland and inland waters in the RAMSAR network, in relation to total surface area 20 Analysis and comments for the various wetland types 21 Priorities with reference to the various wetland types 26 Representation of species 28 Country-wise analyses and comments 32 Guidelines for the proposal of additional sites 37 Protection and management of the sites 38 Notes, tables and figures 40 Acknowledgements & production 56 References etc 58 4 | The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area Foreword 5 Summary 6 Sammanfattning på svenska 8 Purpose of the study 10 Background and introduction 10 Study area 12 Methods 14 Land-use in the catchment area 14 Definitions and classification of wetland types 14 Kuhmo, Finland Country-wise analyses of the representation of wetland types 15 Accuracy of the analysis 16 Overall analysis of the representation Foreword of wetland types in the catchment area 16 Analyses of the representation of species 18 The Convention of Wetlands was signed network of wetlands which are impor- and sustainable way. These ecosystem Wetland surface areas and in the city of Ramsar, Iran in 1971. Over tant for the conservation of global bio- services are of course of great impor- 150 countries have signed the conven- diversity and for sustaining human life tance for the Baltic Sea. Even more im- representation of wetland types 20 tion covering 1743 wetland sites and diversity trough the ecological and hy- portant, though, are wetlands services The inclusion of wetland and inland waters some 161 million hectares of Wetlands drological functions they perform”. as carbon sinks, reducing greenhouse in the RAMSAR network, in relation to total surface area 20 of International importance. Since the The Baltic Sea catchment is the area emissions and as stores against floods, Analysis and comments for the various wetland types 21 very beginning, WWF has actively par- in Europe with most remaining and which we will see more of due to climate ticipated in the Convention work at all most varied types of wetlands - from change. Priorities with reference to the various wetland types 26 levels - national, regional and interna- unique aapa mires and large rivers in To highlight the importance and Representation of species 28 tional. the northern taiga areas to gypsum beauty of wetlands, WWF presents this We fully support the vision “to de- karst lakes in Lithuanian and large report covering ten countries in the Bal- Country-wise analyses and comments 32 velop and maintain an international floodplains in Bierbza, Poland. The re- tic Sea catchment. This will in fact be gion also has unique coastal and ma- the first time that wetlands in the Baltic Guidelines for the proposal of additional sites 37 rine areas, wide coastal meadows, spits, Sea catchment are assessed and present- and large archipelagos. However, there ed over country borders. Protection and management of the sites 38 are huge differences in wetland cover- WWF thinks that it is time to change age between different parts of the Baltic attitudes and practices – we need to stop Notes, tables and figures 40 Sea catchment, from 25% coverage in seeing wetlands as problematic useless the north to only 2% in the south. areas filled with mosquitoes and not Acknowledgements & production 56 Wetlands have been drained for ag- suitable for anything but exploitation. ricultural or forest production, used for Instead, we need to start appreciating References etc 58 peat extraction, sand landfills or differ- wetlands for their many functions that ent kinds of exploitation, and construc- we will be needing more and more in tion works. The price of this destruction the future. has been a massive loss of biodiversity as well as other ecosystem services. To- day we know that wetlands can be im- portant natural sinks reducing nutri- Lasse Gustavsson ents and others substances in a natural Secretary General, WWF Sweden The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area | 5 Summary The purpose of the present study is to investigate the representation of different wetland types in the RAMSAR network in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area, in order to get a reference for the future work by WWF for protection of wetlands and their ecological functions. There are 171 RAMSAR sites in total in The need of complements has the catchment area, i.e. 10.6% of the to- been identified with reference tal number of 1609 sites in the world (as to three priority levels: by June 2006). However the total area of 24 336 km² corresponds to only 1.7% Very high priority: High priority: of the world-wide area of 1 458 000 km² Mires: Further sites with mire habi- Long stretches of large rivers with (in (and 1.4% of the Baltic Sea Catchment tats is top priority, considering the key all essentials) ecologically and hydro- Area). Thus, the mean size of the RAM- role of the countries in the Baltic Sea logically intact sections are almost com- SAR sites inside the Baltic Sea Catch- Catchment Area for the protection of pletely missing; at least one of the large ment Area is much smaller, 142 km², mires on a global scale, and taking into non-regulated rivers in Northern Sweden than the average of 906 km² for the account that peatlands in general are (Rivers Vindelälven, Piteälven, Kalixäl- whole world. under-represented on the world-wide ven, Torne Älv) should be included in the Taking the catchment area as a whole, RAMSAR list. Priority should be giv- RAMSAR list (transboundary site with 3% of the total of around 357 400 km² en to additional sites with raised bogs Finland for River Torne Älv). The upper/ of wetlands and inland waters is locat- in Denmark and Germany, aapa mires northern part of River Gauja in Latvia is ed inside the RAMSAR sites. For most in Sweden and Russian part of Karelia, another obvious candidate site. countries, the corresponding percentage and an overall better representation of Freshwater lakes are in general poorly is on the same level, with exceptions for calcareous/alkaline fens and bog wood- represented: Considering the richness of Latvia, Estonia and Denmark (8%, 9% lands. oligotrophic lakes in Finland and Swe- and 21%, respectively). For Estonia and Freshwater lakes: Inclusion of some of den, while not elsewhere in the catch- Latvia this reflects a general representa- the unique gypsum karst lakes in north- ment area (or Europe as a whole), under- tion above the level for most countries, ern Lithuania. representation in these two countries is and for Denmark the high percentage is not acceptable. For Denmark, some eu- primarily related to large areas of shal- trophic lakes on Sjælland and Jutland low marine habitats in the RAMSAR should be considered. network. Additional sites with marine and The work is based on country-wise coastal habitats in Latvia, Lithuania and analysis of the representation of various the Kaliningrad Region of Russia, in- wetland types inside the RAMSAR sites cluding relevant parts of the Kuronian in relation to the total coverage in the Lagoon. part of each country that falls in- Swamp woods / alluvial forests: Con- side the catchment areas. The sidering the constant threat and decline goals is to evaluate whether of this habitat, additional sites should be any biases and under-repre- considered for all parts of Sweden and sentation of wetland types (especially) Finland. have to be compensated with Also to be considered with priority are additional sites and exten- additional sites with marine and coast- sions to existing sites, al habitats along the coasts of Poland taking the objective of and Germany, watercourses for several a full representation of count ries (e.g. Belarus, Denmark, Fin- the diversity of wetlands land) and better representation of fresh- on the national levels into water lakes in Estonia, Germany and account. Lithuania. 6 | The representation of wetland types and species in RAMSAR sites in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area If the objective of a full representation of the diversity of wetland and their key ecological and hydrological functions is to be achieved, there is an overall need for additional sites.
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