Meccanismi Di Creazione E Appropriazione Del Valore Nell’Industria Discografica

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Meccanismi Di Creazione E Appropriazione Del Valore Nell’Industria Discografica Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004 ) in Economia e Gestione delle Aziende Tesi di Laurea Meccanismi di creazione e appropriazione del valore nell’industria discografica Relatore Ch. Prof. Francesco Zirpoli Correlatore Ch. Prof.ssa Elena Rocco Laureando Filippo Stocco Matricola 836333 Anno Accademico 2012 / 2013 Ad Enrico 1 INTRODUZIONE ......................................................................................... 6 1.L’INDUSTRIA DISCOGRAFICA .......................................................... 11 1.1 Introduzione: l’ industria musicale .................................................................................... 11 1.2 L’industria discografica..................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Descrizione: major vs indie ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.2 L’organizzazione dell’industria discografica ............................................................. 17 1.2 La filiera produttiva musicale italiana, dati e andamento............................................ 24 1.3 Il mercato discografico globale ................................................................................... 29 2. EVOLUZIONE E IMPATTO DELLA TECNOLOGIA SULL’INDUSTRIA DISCOGRAFICA ..................................................... 35 2.1.Storia ed evoluzione dell’industria discografica ............................................................... 35 2.1.2 Innovazioni incrementali interne all’industria............................................................ 36 2.1.2 Innovazioni “disruptive” esterne all’industria ............................................................ 42 2. 2 La digitalizzazione della musica: l’impatto sulla catena del valore ................................. 48 2.2.1 Introduzione ............................................................................................................... 48 2.2.2 Da value chain a value network ................................................................................. 49 2.2.2.1 Creazione produzione ......................................................................................... 52 2.2.2.2 Distribuzione e Marketing ................................................................................... 53 2.2.2.3 Consumo.............................................................................................................. 55 2.2.3 Considerazioni ............................................................................................................ 56 2.3 La digitalizzazione: l’impatto sui modelli di business ...................................................... 57 2.3.1 I modelli di business nell’era digitale......................................................................... 57 2.3.2 Modelli di business non digitali ................................................................................. 62 2.3.3 Una posizione rafforzata per il consumatore e l’artista .............................................. 64 2.4 Conclusioni ....................................................................................................................... 65 3.COPYRIGHT E LICENSING: UNA PANORAMICA SUL QUADRO NORMATIVO ............................................................................................ 67 3.1 Introduzione ...................................................................................................................... 67 3.2 Il Copyright ....................................................................................................................... 68 3.3 Multi-territory licensing .................................................................................................... 71 3.4 DRM e interoperabilità...................................................................................................... 74 3.5 Violazioni del copyright .................................................................................................... 76 3.5.1 User-generated content ............................................................................................... 82 3.6 VAT e sistema contributivo .............................................................................................. 83 3.7 Conclusioni ....................................................................................................................... 84 2 4.MECCANISMI DI APPROPRIAZIONE DEL VALORE NEL NUOVO VALUE NETWORK DELL’INDUSTRIA DISCOGRAFICA ................. 85 4.1 Value creation and value appropriation............................................................................. 85 4.1.1 Complementarietà vs mobilità ................................................................................... 89 4.1.2 Dalla co-specializzazione ai bottleneck ..................................................................... 91 4.2 Platform Theory ................................................................................................................ 93 4.2.1 Coring ......................................................................................................................... 96 4.2.2 Tip a market ............................................................................................................... 98 4.2.3 Platform e architetture industriali: territori simili, prospettive diverse ........................ 100 4.3 Platform Leadership e Value Network nell’era della musica digitale ............................. 102 4.3.1 La reazione degli incumbent .................................................................................... 105 4.3.2 L’indebolimento del regime di appropriabilità ........................................................ 109 4.3.3 Un nuovo approccio all’innovazione ....................................................................... 111 4.4 Platform ed esigenze del consumatore ............................................................................ 116 4.4.1 I bisogni dei consumatori nella nuova era della digital music ................................. 116 4.4.1.1 Convenienza, prezzo, qualità e connettività sociale - tratto da Homo Conexus di Morten Bay (2009) ........................................................................................................ 118 4.4.2 Corrispondenza tra nuove platform ed esigenze del consumatore ........................... 121 4.4.3 Conclusione .............................................................................................................. 128 5.LA DIMENSIONE SOCIALE DELLA MUSICA ................................ 130 5.1 Introduzione .................................................................................................................... 130 5.2 Sharing vs own ................................................................................................................ 131 5.3 Value Shared, la condivisione del valore all’interno dei modelli di business ................. 137 5.3.1 I driver del value shared nell’industria discografica ................................................ 140 5.3.1.1 Distribuzione dei ricavi e charity partner .......................................................... 141 5.2.1.2 Social media feature .......................................................................................... 143 5.2.1.3 Artist power ....................................................................................................... 147 5.2.2 Considerazioni finali ................................................................................................ 149 6.CASE STUDY: SPOTIFY ..................................................................... 151 6.1 Introduzione .................................................................................................................... 151 6.2 Breve storia ..................................................................................................................... 152 6.3 Il modello di business ...................................................................................................... 154 6.4 Competizione e strategie competitive ............................................................................. 162 6.5 Rischi e debolezze ........................................................................................................... 164 6.6 Strategie future ................................................................................................................ 165 3 6.7 Critiche ............................................................................................................................ 166 6.8 Considerazioni ................................................................................................................. 168 CONCLUSIONI ........................................................................................ 171 BIBLIOGRAFIA ....................................................................................... 180 SITOGRAFIA ........................................................................................... 186 4 Abstract L’elaborato fornisce una panoramica sullo stato dell’arte dell’industria discografica. Il settore versa da anni in uno stato di profonda crisi derivante da una drastica riduzione delle vendite dei formati fisici di supporto. Questo a causa della crescente diffusione del fenomeno della pirateria online, tramite il quale è possibile ottenere gratuitamente ma illegalmente contenuti musicali protetti da copyright. Per assurdo
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