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The Home Rule Crisis, 1912-1914 Part 1

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Unit 4: The Home Rule Crisis, 1912-1914 Part 1 Senior Cycle Worksheets 1911 The Two General Elections The Parliament Act is passed General Election: Conservatives (January and December). reducing the power of the House Home Rule John Redmond elected replaced by the Liberal party with The Liberals lost their majority of Lords. They can no longer stop leader of reunited Irish a large majority in the House of (veto) a bill. Now they could only Movement Parliamentary Party which and needed the votes of the Irish Commons. Campbell Bannerman nationalists and the Labour party to delay it for two years. wanted Home Rule for becomes Prime Minister. 1900-1914 Ireland. stay in power 1904: The Ulster 1905: Arthur Griffith 1908: H. H. Asquith becomes 1909: The ‘Liberal’s People’s Budget’ Unionist Council establishes the Sinn Prime Minister. Liberals increasing taxes on the wealthy is rejected is formed Fein movement. introduce Old Age Pensions by the House of Lords. 9 April 1912 New Conservative leader Andrew Bonar Law pledges his party’s support at massive anti-Home Ulster Day: Thousands of men sign the Rule demonstration Formation of an Ulster Volunteer Introduction of Third Home ‘Solemn League and Covenant’’ to state 29 April 1912: In a speech at at Balmoral show- Force (UVF) to fight the British Rule Bill. It is likely to become their objections to Home Rule. Women’s Blenheim Bonar Law agrees to grounds. government if Home Rule is law in two years introduced Unionist Council organised a Women’s support Ulster’s use of force Declaration September 1913: The Provisional Government of Ulster is set up 18 Sept 1914 Curragh Mutiny: British officers Buckingham Palace threaten to resign if asked by the Home Rule Bill Conference of 21-24 breaks government to fight against Ulster received royal down when unionists and Unionists. The Government backs War: Britain declares war against assent but nationalists cannot agree over down. Home Rule Bill passed Germany. Redmond commits the suspended for the November 1913: what territory to exclude from in the Commons for the Volunteers to the protection of duration of the war. Formation of the Home Rule . Threat of Civil war. Asquith’s offer of temporary Irish shores. Irish Volunteer second time. exclusion for parts of Ulster is Force (IVF) to fight rejected by Carson. the government if Home Rule was not passed. 9 Sept 1914: Supreme April: UVF Gun-running. Arms smuggled into July: IVF Gun-running at Howth. 20 Sept: Redmond’s speech at Council of the Irish Ulster from Germany. Met with no resistance. Bachelor’s Walk Incident - Army Woodenbridge calling on Irishmen to Republican Brotherhood Cumann na mBan (Irishwomen’s Council) shoot into the crowds in Dublin. fight for Britain led to a split in the IVF. (IRB) decide to stage an formed to support the IVF. Civilian deaths infuriate nationalist The minority followed Eoin MacNeill and Ireland. uprising before the end of most would fight in the 1916 Rising. Contents Graphic Poster Timeline Template 1900-1914 2 Lesson 1 The changing fortunes of the Home Rule Party, 1900-10 Task 1: Comprehending the 1910 General elections 4 Documents A - B: 1910 General elections 5 Comprehension Questions, Docs A, B, C and D 8 Lesson 2 Demonstrating Allegiances Documents E and F: Home Rule and Ulster Unionism 10 Comprehension Questions, Docs E and F and Task 2 12 Lesson 3 The Solemn League and Covenant Documents G-I: Solemn League & Covenant 13 Comprehension Questions, Docs G, H and I 16 Lesson 4 Recruiting the Ulster Volunteer Force Documents K-N: The Ulster Volunteer Force 17 Comprehension Questions, Docs K, L, M and N 19 Blank Poster Template: Task 3 20 Lesson 5 UVF Gunrunning April 1914 Documents O-Q: Larne Gunrunning 21 Comprehension Questions, Docs O, P, and Q 24 Blank SWOT Analysis Template: Task 4 25 Resources for Secondary Schools UNIT 4: Lesson 1: The changing fortunes of the Home Rule Party, 1900-10 Background: The Irish Parliamentary Party (also known as the from the Liberals to bring in a Home Rule Bill. Home Rule Party) reunited in 1900 after a bitter, The Liberals concentrated instead on bringing in decade-long split between the Parnellites and anti- the social reforms promised during their election Parnellites. Wexford-born leader of the Parnellites, campaign. The Conservative-dominated House of John Redmond, was chosen to lead the united Lords rejected several of these reforms between Home Rule Party into the new century. While he was 1906 and 1909. widely regarded as a fine speaker, John Redmond lacked Parnell’s charisma and struggled to inspire Redmond’s opportunity finally came in 1909 when young Irish nationalists to support the long-divided, the House of Lords used its power of veto to stop ineffectual Home Rule Party. New movements such the Liberals’ ‘People’s Budget’ of that year. Prime as the Gaelic League, the GAA and Sinn Fein proved Minister Asquith called a general election, promising more attractive to many. to ‘clip the wings’ of the House of Lords’ by getting rid of their veto, thereby allowing for the passing Redmond’s political ambition was Irish self- of more progressive social reforms. In December government as part of the British Empire with the 1909, knowing he might need the support of the King as head of state (Home Rule). The Conservative Irish Nationalists, Asquith promised to introduce Party was in power in 1900, so and there was a Home Rule Bill if the Liberals were re-elected. no prospect of Home Rule in the near future. Redmond responded by calling on Irish voters in Nationalists became more optimistic in 1906 when the UK to support the Liberals. The results of the the Liberal Party under Campbell-Bannerman won general election of January 1910 were dramatic: an overwhelming victory in the general election The Irish party won 71 seats and held the balance and returned to power with a majority in the House of power in Parliament. of Commons. For the first time since Parnell, the Liberals were Unlike 1893 and 1886 - when the first two Home dependent on the Irish Party to remain in power. Rule bills were introduced by Prime Minister The election of December 1910 again returned a William Gladstone - the Liberals did not need the Liberal government dependent on the support of votes of the Irish Party to remain in power in 1906. the Irish MPs. Redmond’s popularity rose to new It was impossible for Redmond to get a commitment heights and Sinn Fein sank back into insignificance. Your Task: Step 1: Scan the comprehension questions 1-10 on p. 8 before carefully reading Documents A-D relating below to the 1910 general elections Step 2: Working in pairs, complete questions 1-10 that follow Step 3: Working individually, complete questions 11-13 Atlas of the Irish Revolution Resources for Schools p. 4 Resources for Secondary Schools - Document A - Map showing the candidates elected as Members of Parliament in each constituency in Ireland after the General Election in January 1910. The party affiliation of each elected MP is also shown *The All-for-Ireland League (AFIL), was founded in 1909 by nationalist MP William O'Brien. Disapproving of the Irish Parliamentary Party’s alliance with the Liberals, O’Brien aimed achieve Irish Home Rule through cooperation with unionists. - Document B - Disturbed by the commitment of the Liberals under Asquith to re-introduce Home Rule, the Unionists issued a Manifesto to the Electors at the time of the 1910 general elections They compromise Episcopalians, Presbyterians, MANIFESTO Methodists, and other religious persuasions including a minority of loyal Roman Catholics. to the Be assured that they know from experience the danger under Home Rule of religious, social and Electors of Great Britain political tyranny from the men who have been the 1910 enemies of Great Britain. We are convinced that the injury caused by Home Rule to the great industries of the North One million five hundred thousand of your fellow and other parts of Ireland would send thousands subjects in Ireland, that is to say, about one-third of of workmen to your shores competing with you the whole population of the country, call for your help for employment and adding to the existing mass at the polls. They are loyally devoted to the Legislative of unemployed ... We are certain that a country Union between Great Britain and Ireland under which within a few miles of you governed by those they have been born and lived. They include, beside who have shown their hostility to Great Britain many thousands of scattered Royalists in the West may constitute, especially at the present time, a and South of Ireland, the overwhelming majority of standing menace to you from a naval and military the most progressive and prosperous parts of Ulster, point of view. including the great city of Belfast. - Document C - Unionist anti-Home Rule postcard with the caption Ulster’s Prayer. Don’t let go! [Photo © National Museums Northern Ireland Collection Ulster Museum BELUM.W2011.1323] - Document D - Tables showing the results of the two general elections in 1910 A party would need to win 336 seats out of a total of 670 to hold a majority in the House of Commons. tABLE 1: GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS JANUARY 1910 NAME OF PARTY PARTY LEADER NO OF CANDIDATES NO OF INCREASE OR % OF STANDING FOR ELECTION CANDIDATES ELECTED DECREASE IN SEATS TOTAL SEATS Conservative Arthur Balfour 594 272 + 116 40.6% Liberal H. H. Asquith 511 274 - 123 40.9% Labour Arthur Henderson 78 40 +11 6% Irish Parliamentary John Redmond 85 71 - 11 10.6% All for Ireland William O’Brien 10 8 + 8 1.2% Independent Nationalist 10 3 + 2 0.5% Independent Conservative 4 1 0 0.1% Independent Labour 6 0 - 1 0 Independent Liberal 3 1 + 1 0.1% Others 14 0 0 0 TABLE 2: GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS DECEMBER 1910 NO OF CANDIDATES ELECTED SEATS GAINED OR % OF PARTY LEADER NAME OF PARTY STANDING FOR ELECTION CANDIDATES LOST TOTAL SEATS Conservative Arthur Balfour 548 271 - 1 40.4% Liberal H.
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