Bibliography

Books Bain, Chester W. Annexation in Virginia: The Use of the Judicial Process for Readjusting City-County­ Boundaries. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1966. Bain, Chester W. A Body Incorporate: The Evolution of City-­County Separation in Vir- ginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1967. Bartley, Numan V. The Rise of Massive Resistance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Uni- versity Press, 1969. Bollens, John C. and Schmandt, Henry J. The Metropolis: Its People, Politics, and Eco- nomic Life. New York: Harper, 1975. Dabney, Virginius. Richmond: The Story of a City. New York: Doubleday, 1967. Davidson, Chandler. Biracial Politics. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. DuBois, W. E. B. Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1903. Key, V. O., Jr. Southern Politics. New York: Vintage Books, 1959. Patterson, Ernest.Black City Politics. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1974. Poinsett, Alex.Black Power — Gary Style. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1970. Roland, Charles P. The Improbable Era. Lexington: The University Press of Ken- tucky, 1975. Silberman, Charles E. Crisis in Black and White. New York: Random House, 1964. Taeuber, Karl E., and Taeuber, Alma F. Negroes in Cities. New York: Atheneum, 1969. Temple, David G. Merger Politics: Local Government Consolidation in Tidewater Vir- ginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1972. Walton, Hanes, Jr. The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1971. Wilkinson, J. Harvie, III. Harry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945 – 1966. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1968. Willie, Charles V., and Greenblatt, Susan L., eds. Community Politics and Educational Change. New York: Longman, 1981. 216 | the politics of annexation

Articles Alexander, John W. and Berger, Monroe. “Grass-­Roots Labor Leader.” Studies in Leadership. Edited by Alvin Gouldner. New York: Russell and Russell, 1965. Collins, Ernest M. “Black Power and Politics in Cleveland.” Illinois Quarterly 35 (November 1972): 46 – 57. Dennis, Rutledge M. “Dubois and the Role of the Educated Elite.” The Journal of Negro Education 46 (Fall 1977): 388 – 402. See also Afro-­Americans: A Social Science Perspective. Edited by Rutledge M. Dennis and Charles Jarmon. (2d ed.) Wash- ington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1979. Dennis, Rutledge M. “Socialization and Racism: The White Experience.” The Im- pact of Racism on White Americans. Edited by Benjamin P. Bowser and Raymond G. Hunt. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1981. Dugger, Ronnie. “Letter from San Antonio.”The Texas Observer, April 27, 1979, pp. 2 – 22. “Election of Henry Cisneros.” Macleans 94 (April 20, 1981): 25 – 26. “First Official Returns from 1980 Census.”U.S. News and World Report, December 29, 1980/January 5, 1981. Haynes, Richard B. “Richmond Hassles with the Metro Image.” The South, May/ June, 1976, pp. 62 – 67. Moeser, John V. “Back Rooms, Bargains, and Boundaries: How Annexation Saved the Richmond Oligarchy.” Commonwealth Times 8 (September 23 – 30, 1976). Murphy, Thomas P. “Race-­Base Accounting: Assigning the Costs and Benefits of a Racially Motivated Annexation.” Urban Affairs Quarterly 14 (December 1978): 169 – 193. “Richmond.” Black Enterprise, December, 1967, pp. 16 – 19. Rose, Harold M. “The Origin and Pattern of Development of Urban Black Social Areas.” Black America. Edited by Robert Ernst and Lawrence Hugg. New York: Doubleday, 1976. Sartain, James A. and Dennis, Rutledge M. “Richmond, Virginia: Massive Resis- tance without Violence.” Community Politics and Educational Change. Edited by Charles V. Willie and Susan L. Greenblatt. New York: Longman, 1981. Sloan, Lee and French, Robert M. “Black Rule in the Urban South.” Society, Novem- ber/December 1971, pp. 29 – 34.

Documents United States Government Documents U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing: 1970 Census Tracts, Final Report, PHC (1) – 173. U.S. Civil Rights Commission, The Voting Rights Act: Ten Years After, January, 1975. Bibliography | 217

State Government Documents Report of the Commission on City-­County Relationships to the Governor and General Assembly of Virginia, 1975. Richmond, Department of Purchases and Supplies. State of Virginia, General Assembly, An Act to Create a Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission, to Provide for its Composition and to Prescribe its Powers and Duties, Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Regular Ses- sion, 1966. State of Virginia, General Assembly, Senate, A Bill to Provide for the Merger of the City of Richmond-­Henrico Merger Commission: Providing its Composition, Terms, Powers and Duties, and to Appropriate Funds, Senate Bill, No. 441, Regular Session, 1968. State of Virginia, General Assembly, Joint Resolution Creating a Commission to Study the Problem of the Expansion of the Boundaries of the City of Richmond, Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Senate Joint Resolution No. 71, Regular Session, 1968. State of Virginia, General Assembly, Proceedings and Debates of the Virginia House of Delegates Pertaining to Amendment of the Constitution, Extra Session, 1969. [Same document for Virginia Senate] State of Virginia, General District Court for the City of Richmond, Official Vote Tab- ulation by Precinct for the Richmond, Virginia, City Council Elections, 1966, 1968, 1970. Virginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, Governing the Virginia Metropolitan Area: An Assessment (printed by the Division of State Planning), May, 1967. Virginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, Report of the Virginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission to the Governor of Virginia and the Members of the General Assembly of Virginia, Senate Document No. 16, Richmond, Department of Pur- chases and Supply, 1967.

City Government Documents City of Richmond, Charter of the City of Richmond, Section 7.02 (e). City of Richmond, City Council Journal, Resolution No. 66 – R31 – 32, May 4, 1966. City of San Antonio, Annexation Task Force Report, September, 1972. City of San Antonio, San Antonio Ordinance 47304, October 26, 1976.

Dissertations and Theses Hammock, Allan Statton. “The Leadership Factor in Black Politics: The Case of Richmond, Virginia.” Unpublished dissertation, University of Virginia, 1972. Jones, Murel Matthew, Jr. “The Impact of Annexation-­Related City Council 218 | the politics of annexation

Reapportionment on Black Political Influence: The Cities of Richmond and Pe- tersburg.” Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Howard University, 1977. Perry, James Oliver. “An Analysis of the Negro Influence in Richmond’s 1966 Coun- cilmanic Election.” Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Richmond, 1968. Silver, Christopher. “Greater Richmond and the Good City: Politics and Planning in a New South Metropolis.” Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1981. Wall, Burnett Forrest, Jr. “Analysis of Three Ward Plans for the Division of the City of Richmond, Virginia.” Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Richmond, 1976. Weston, Charles W. “A Political Analysis of the Virginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission.” Unpublished term paper, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1976.

Newspapers The Commonwealth Times The Richmond Afro-­American The Richmond Mercury The Richmond News Leader The Richmond Times-­Dispatch The Washington Post

Newsletters “Interview with Edwina Clay Hall, President of the Richmond Crusade for Voters.” The Advocate 1 (July 1973): 1 – 2. Michie, Thomas J., Jr. and Mashaw, Marcia S. “Annexation and State Aid to Locali- ties: A Compromise Is Reached.” University of Virginia Newsletter 55 (July 1979): 41 – 44.

Letters Davidson, Chandler to Assistant Attorney General Drew S. Day, III., March 27, 1979.

Reports A Plan of Government for the Richmond Region, a Public Administration Service Re- port, 1969. Richmond Public Schools/HEW, Urban Team Study on Northside Schools, 1969. Bibliography | 219

Ritchie, John, Jr. “An Analysis of the Voting on the Councilmanic Election, June 14, 1966.” A Report by the Executive Director to Richmond Forward, Inc., 1966. [similar report for the June 4, 1968, election]

Yearbooks Forstall, Richard L. “Annexation and Corporate Changes Since the 1970 Census: With Historical Data on Annexation for Larger Cities for 1900 – 1970.” Municipal Yearbook. Washington, D.C.: International City Management, 1975.

Monographs Muller, Thomas and Dawson, Grace. “The Impact of Annexation on City Finances: A Case Study in Richmond, Virginia.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute, 1973. Muller, Thomas and Dawson, Grace. “An Evaluation on Richmond, Virginia.” Wash- ington, D.C.: Urban Institute, 1975. Silver, Christopher. “The Planning Function and the Politics of Reform: Richmond, Virginia’s Charter Revisions of 1918 and 1948.” Monograph, Virginia Common- wealth University, 1980.

Unpublished Papers Cotrell, Charles L. and Fleischmann, Arnold. “The Change from At-­Large to Dis- trict Representation and Political Participation of Minority Groups in Fort Worth and San Antonio, Texas.” Paper presented at the 1979 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., August 30 – September 3, 1979. Dickenson, A. J. “Myth and Manipulation: The Story of the Crusade for Voters in Richmond, Virginia.” Unpublished Scholar of the House Paper, Yale University, 1967. Hunter, David H. “Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965: Problems and Possi- bilities.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., August 29, 1980. Kiepper, Alan F. “The Problems Posed by Deannexation.” Mimeographed. October 7, 1971. Shaffer, Jon. “A Study of Conflict Among Richmond City Council Members.” Un- published paper for Sociology 497 (Independent Study), Virginia Common- wealth University, 1980. 220 | the politics of annexation

Court Cases Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae. Greater Houston Civic Council v. Mann. 5th Circuit No. 77 – 2083, 1977. Burns v. Richardson. 384 U.S. 73 (1966). City of Petersburg v. United States. 354 F. Supp. 1021 (1972). City of Richmond v. County of Chesterfield. Circuit Court of Chesterfield, Transcripts, Vol. 18, June 16, 1969. City of Richmond v. United States of America. 1718 – 72 (1974). City of Richmond, Virginia v. United States of America. 74 – 20 (1974). City of Richmond v. United States. 376 F. Supp. 1344 (1974). City of Richmond, Virginia v. United States. 95 S. Ct 2296 (1975). Curtis Holt, Sr., v. City of Richmond. No. 151 – 71 R. (S. D. Va.), 1971. Curtis Holt, Sr., v. City of Richmond, Virginia. Civil Action 151 – 71 – R (S. D. Va.); 334 F. Supp. 288 (1972); 459 F. 2d 1093 (1972); 92 S. Ct 2510 (1972). Greater Houston Civic Council et al. v. Frank Mann et al. 440 Federal Supplement, March 8, 1977. Greater Houston Civic Council v. Mann. (S. D. Tex.) C. A. No. 73 – H – 1650, 1977. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Electors, 383, 1966. Holt v. City of Richmond, Virginia. Civil Action 695 – 71 – R (S. D. Va.), 1971. Post Trial Brief of Plaintiffs.Greater Houston Civic Council v. Mann. (S. D. Tex.) C. A. No. 73 – H – 1650, 1977. Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. Dearborn Civic and Recreation Association et al. v. City of Richmond. Brief in Opposition to Petition for Appeal, November 12, 1969.

Interviews Aldhizer, George S., II. Former Member, Virginia State Senate. Bagley, Phil J., Jr. Former Mayor, City of Richmond. Bassett, C. Leland. Former Member, Executive Committee, Team of Progress. Beck, Edward A. Former County Manager, Henrico County. Bliley, Thomas J. Former Mayor, City of Richmond. Boone, Raymond. Former Editor, Richmond Afro-American­ . Boushall, Thomas C. Honorary Chairman of the Board, Bank of Virginia. Brent, Andrew J. Lawyer. Burnett, Melvin W. Former Executive Secretary, Chesterfield County. Byrne, L. Paul. Judge, Henrico Circuit Court. Carpenter, James G. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Bibliography | 221

Carwile, Howard H. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Cheadle, George W. General Manager, Richmond Metropolitan Authority. Crowe, Morrill M. Former Mayor, City of Richmond. Dabney, Virginius. Former Editor, Richmond Times-Dispatch­ . Daniel, William V. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Davenport, John S., III. Lawyer. Davis, James E. Former Reporter, Richmond Times-Dispatch­ . Dietsch, Frederick F. Former Member, Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. Donnahoe, Alan S. President, Media General. Edwards, Horace H. Former City Manager, City of Richmond. Gayles, Franklin J. Former Director of Research, Crusade for Voters. Gray, Frederick T. Member, Virginia State Senate. Griffin, Roger C. Former Member, Team of Progress and Richmond United. Hall, Edwina Clay. Former President, Crusade for Voters. Holt, Curtis, Sr. President, Creighton Court Civic Association. Horner, Irvin G. Former Member and Chairman, Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors. Howlette, M. Philmore. Former President, Crusade for Voters. Jones, George W. Member, Virginia House of Delegates. Kiepper, Alan F. Former City Manager, City of Richmond. Little, Thomas C. Former Superintendent of the Richmond Public Schools. Livingston, Ronald P. Former Member, Team of Progress and Richmond United. Mackenzie, Ross. Editor, Richmond News Leader. Marsh, Henry L., III. Mayor, City of Richmond. Marshall, Elliott. Former Member of the Chesterfield Annexation Court. Mattox, Conard B., Jr. Former City Attorney, City of Richmond. Merhige, Robert R., Jr. Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Oslin, Dallas H. City Planner. Pendleton, Donald G. Former Member, Virginia House of Delegates. Pusey, Nell B. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Ritchie, John, Jr. Former Executive Director, Richmond Forward. Shepardson, David L. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Talcott, George R. Assistant to the City Manager, City of Richmond. Thornton, William S. Founder, Crusade for Voters. Todd, A. Howe. Assistant City Manager, City of Richmond. Tuttle, Roger L. Former Member, Executive Committee, Team of Progress. Valentine, Henry L. Former Member, Richmond City Council. Venable, W. H. C. Lawyer. Wheat, James C., Jr. Former Member, Richmond City Council. 222 | the politics of annexation

White, David Mead. Former Member, Chesterfield Annexation Court. Whitley, George F., Jr. Former Member of the Chesterfield Annexation Court. Wilkinson, Michaux H., Executive Director, Virginia Commission on Local Government. Willey, Edward E. Member, Virginia State Senate. Woodward, Claude W. Former Mayor, City of Richmond.