Journal of World Architecture

Research in Context By Zhang Yining

Building into a main port in Zhen’an District Urban Construction Bureau of Dandong

Introduction the most reasonable shipping dis- tance. Moreover, it’s the nearest Abstract: Harbor plays a piv- In terms of the geological loca- estuary for the three northeastern otal role in the economic devel- tion of Yingkou port, it gains provinces and hinterland in Inner opment of a country or an area. support mainly from those cit- Mongolia, by 180km compared After the World War II, the re- ies in central province, with Dalian port. Compared with covery of Japan’s economy, the being the nearest marine outfall continental carriage, the cost emergence of “the Four Asian and the second open port among nearly lowered by 10-20 RMB Tigers” and rise of China’s the three provinces (Liaoning, per ton. Thus, it can save vast coastal districts, including the Jilin and Heilongjiang) in north- logistics costs and shipping time and the Yang- east. Yingkou port has formed a for customers. tze River Delta fully demon- complete structure composed by strated harbor’s strategic role in the old port area, Bayuquan port Yingkou port is one of our coun- economic development. As the area and Xianren island port. The try’s main of hub in coastal nearest port to ocean in north- long coastal line offers huge de- areas, as well as the nearest estu- eastern area, port of Yingkou veloping potential. Convenient ary in the northeast. With the con- values a lot to the development transportation and the adjacency tinuing development of its pro- of city groups in the central of several countries in the north- duction and construction, its open part of Liaoning province and eastern part also provide certain port has been expanding with economic districts in Shenyang advantages for Yingkou port in each passing day. And the devel- province, as well, to the reju- the transportation of goods and opment of its open port also has venation of old industrial bases containers. extremely prompted the develop- in northeastern area. At present, ments of import-export trade and Located in the southwest of Li- port of Yingkou has achieved domestic trade, has driven the leapfrog development, becom- aodong peninsula, Yingkou port development of modern logis- lies near to the extensive back- ing a big port of hub accommo- tics, harbor industries and so on. dating hundreds million tons of land of northeast and the east of Recent years have seen a sound Inner Mongolia, which makes goods. And it also transforming rise of business operations, espe- its developing model----from a it the heartland of northeastern cially the world-watching con- port of hub to a powerful inter- Asia in international logistics struction and development of national port which is modern and international gangway for Yingkou port------its open port service oriented. So, from new transshipment. Being an import- has been expanding in scale, its starting point, it is very timely ant sound deepwater port in the functions perfected, its cargo and necessary to have a scien- north of China, the port outstands handling capacity has been sta- tific and new outlook on and to in location advantage, as it lies bly increasing and surpassed one carry out new research on its in the junction point of Bohai hundred million tons in October economic rim and northeastern 2007, making it the tenth of that transformation and develop- economic area. Regarding its ton level in China. According to ment of Yingkou port. This pa- distance to the three provinc- statistics collected till Novem- per, by analyzing the back-land es, it’s 741km from Yingkou to ber 2012, Yingkou port’s cargo of Yingkou port, investigating Harbin, the provincial capital of handling capacity has reached its collecting and distributing Heilongjiang, 499km to Changc- 277.53 million tons. Building it system, as well as studying its hun, Jilin, making Yingkou port into a regional but modern inter- informatization of the manage- the nearest estuary to the three national and powerful port with ment of port and supports from northeastern provinces and four multi-functions not only helps government and politics, tries to league hinterlands in Inner Mon- the economic developments of make Yingkou port an important golia. The cost disparity of conti- three northeastern provinces but port of China. nental carriage is comparatively also a inevitable choice for China obvious for shipping goods via to blend into northeastern Asian ocean from short distance. Be- economic circle and to gain more Key words: Yingkou; harbor; WTO cause Yingkou port is the nearest initiative in northeastern Asian one to cities in central Liaoning, economic cooperation. with all radius within 250km, it’s Published online: 15th July, 2017

42 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 olume 1; Issue 1 The status quo of Yingkou port’s parts: first, the production put into of creased capacity of metallic ore development the second and third phase of Yingk- transported will mainly come from ou Huaneng power plant will ensue Anshan Iron and Steel Group Cor- Main features of cargo handling ca- coal imported increase doubled; poration Yingkou steel plant, whose pacity of Yingkou port and Bayuquan second, coal imported by various total steel output will reach 5.5 mil- port in recent years are as below: enterprises in hinterland, particu- lion tons and 11 million tons respec- (1) The cargo handling capacity keeps larly Anshan Iron and Steel Group tively and quantity of imported iron increasing with high speed. The aver- Corporation Yingkou steel mill, will ore acquired will be about 8 million age rate of increase was 37.2% during increase; third, striving for enterpris- tons and 16million tons respective- the “eighth five-year plan”, breaking es like Huaneng Group that exploit ly after its second and third phase of records made by nationwide ports’ coal in eastern Mongolia to choose constructions are put into production. developments. And the rate kept in- Yingkou port as the port to launch. As Yingkou middle plate plant and creasing by double-digit during “the It is forecasted that the coal handling Yingkou five mines increased their ninth and the tenth five-year plans”. capacities of Yingkou port in 2010, metallic ore, the metallic ore han- The constructions of Bayuquan port 2015 and 2020 will be 27 million dling capacities of Yingkou port in and deepwater berth greatly met the tons, 51 million tons and 110 million 2010, 2015 and 2020, according to needs of economic development in tons respectively. estimation, will reach 35 million tons hinterland as well. and 50 million tons and 50 million (2) oil and its products: in recent tons respectively. (2) Featured by transfer transporta- years, oil’s handling capacity was tion of large bulk cargo and transpor- around 5 million tons, reaching (4) Steel: it’s one growth point of tation by sea of bulk cargo. Among 5.924 million tons in 2008. After cargo handling capacity in Yingk- the category of goods handled in the 300000 tonnes crude oil was put into ou port in recent years, with 19.785 port, there were mainly coal, oil, me- production in Xianren island port, it million tons in 2008. In future, to- tallic ore, non-metallic ore, chemical values a lot. Besides crude oil which tal steel transport quantity increased fertilizer and food, and the goods ca- has been identified to be imported will be also mainly from Anshan Iron pacity handled accounted for 60% in for Huajin Group and heavy rubber and Steel Group Corporation Yingk- the total cargo capacity handled in asphalt unloading project in energy ou steel plant which will set its own the port. and chemical industrial area in Xian- wharf to transport, making Yingkou ren island port, it will definitely have port’s cargo handling capacity growth (3) Supply of goods came from the important influences on the construc- slows down evidently. It is estimated three northeastern provinces and tion of petrochemical industry parks that the steel handling capacity of all three leagues and one city in eastern in port-nearing area in Xianren island ports in Yingkou port in 2010, 2015 Inner Mongolia. Among each year’s and Shenyang, as well as on the trans- and 2020 will be 25 million tons, cargo capacity handled, supply of port pattern of crude oil in the north- 31 million tons and 36 million tons, goods from Liaoning toke more than east. It also may make it possible to among which the handling capacity 70%, with the most from Shenyang have Fushun petrochemical settle of Yingkou port itself will maintain economic circle. down its reserve warehouse of im- at about 25-26 million tons. ported oil, strategic or business crude (4) The capacities of container, steel, oil here in Xianren island. The devel- (5) Food: it’s handling capacity in metallic ore and coal increased sta- opment of port-surrounding oil pro- recent years remains at 5 million bly. In 2005, the total cargo handling cessing industry will definitely trig- tons, reaching 4.048 million tons in capacity was 75.37 million tons, and ger the need of transporting refined 2008. With the implementation of compared with that in 2000, the av- oil products and liquid chemicals. It our country’s project of increasing erage annual rate of increase was is estimated that the industrial ag- grain production by hundred billion 27.2%, among which the average an- glomeration effect of port-surround- kilograms, great growths have been nual rate of increase of container was ing petrochemical industry park and seen in the export quantities of corn 38.06%, steel 33.5%, metallic ore the transport cluster effect of oil and and rice produced in the northeast. It 45.88% and coal 31.07%. its products in Xianren island port is estimated that the grain handling will appear recently. And according capacity in Yingkou port in 2010, Analysis of the cargo handling ca- 2015 and 2020 will reach 7 million pacity of main goods to estimation, the oil and its products handling capacities of Yingkou port tons, 10 million tons and 12 million (1) Coal: Coal was a kind of goods in 2010, 2015 and 2020 will be 20 tons respectively. fluctuated quite high in cargo - han million tons, 36 million tons and 67 (6) Container: it’s always the most dling capacity in the port. It stepped million tons respectively. important growth point in cargo han- out the lingering situation in recent (3) Metallic ore: it’s one of those dling capacity, with 2.0364 million years and achieved large increase TEU in 2008. Yingkou port has be- for two consecutive years, reaching goods which increased the most rap- idly in Yingkou port in recent years, come a transportation junction of 1.335 million tons in 2008. In future, containers from domestic trade, ob- the increase of coal’s handling ca- with28.874 million tons handling capacity in 2008. In future, the in- vious in agglomeration effect. Econ- pacity will mainly come from three omy in hinterland will keep growing

Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 olume 1; Issue 1 43 and Shenyang economic circle will Europe have been opened. Container With the continuous deepening of become a hot land for investment. marine lines have covered main ports the “Great revitalization of the north- Ministry of railways is making great in coastal areas, several international east” strategy and the economic re- efforts to facilitate container transpor- marine lines to countries and regions covery of old industrial bases in the tation. Cargos in hinterland in depth like Japan and Korea and several northeast, Yingkou port has met a transported with the combination of domestic marine lines which can be bigger opportunity to develop. In railway and waterway containers, transfers to places around the world 2003, Yingkou city established “ the which effectively reduced the cost. also opened. As a result, Yingkou project to revitalize old industrial With the transportation scale of for- port has set up carrying trades with bases” and the municipal committee eign trade containers in Yingkou port over 140 ports in more 50 countries and government proposed sparing gradually formed and the improving and regions. Yingkou port has spe- no efforts to build “one platform, of comprehensive conditions in port, cial ports equipments to reserve var- three bases and five industries”: tak- the handling capacity of foreign trade ious refined oil and petrochemical ing building a good port as platform, containers will also form a virtuous products. Moreover, its special oil building modern logistics base which cycle. It is estimated that the contain- transmission pipelines can through serve the northeast, leading light and er handling capacity of Yingkou port to Liaohe oilfield and Fushun petro- textile industries base in Liaoning, in 2010, 2015 and 2020 will reach 3 chemical, realizing vertical crossing a industrialization base of national million TEU, 5 million TEU and 8 operation simultaneously of pipeline, magnesian material, and developing million TEU, respectively. seaway, railway and expressway. five industries that are metallurgy, petrochemical, equipment manufac- Measures can be taken to build 1.3 Building a informationalized turing, new type of building mate- Yingkou port into a main Chinese port management system rial and intensive processing of ag- port: The fast speed development of ricultural and sideline products. We 1.. Making the most of the adv - Yingkou port can’t be separated from should make full use of the agglom- tages of Yingkou port itself the great support of informatization. eration and radiation effects of port The dynamics of information in port to develop Yingkou coastal econom- 1.1 Taking full use of the powerful is strong and sharing. Mastering of ic belt under the strategy of “striving support from hinterland those production information timely cities with ports, striving cities with and correctly can not only improve industries”, gradually perfecting The direct support of Yingkou port warehousing industry, expanding is from Yingkou city, and its direct the strain capacity of port manage- ment to gain initiative in market industry area, building business and hinterland is centering on Shenyang dwelling complex and tourism ar- economic circle, and its indirect hin- competition but also can offer con- sultancy service meanwhile for min- eas. We also should further develop terlands consist Liaoning, Jilin, Hei- sea-boarding industries, warehousing longjiang provinces and three cities istries of expressway, seaway, trade and port. In a word, informatization and transportation, tourism, carrying plus one league in northeastern In- trade and the system of export, pro- ner Mongolia. Thus, Yingkou port has made important contribution to the port’s plan to proceed to ports duction and processing, meanwhile, has been set by Liaoning province preferential local policies should be as a seaport modeling by “6+1” in which can accommodate hundred billion tons cargos. offered to support the development Shenyang economic region. Relying of Yingkou port. on northeastern economic region, 1.4 Taking full advantage of capital Yingkou port mainly transports large On July 1, 2009, The Development bulk cargo, and goods it can collect The joint stock company was set up Plan of Liaoning Coastal Economic and distribute are container, metallic after the reform and recombination Belt was passed on executive meet- ore, nonmetallic ore, grain (grain in of Yingkou port. It operates strictly ing of the State Council. By then, bag and bulk grain), coal, steel, lum- abiding by modern enterprise system Liaoning coast was incorporated into ber, petroleum coke and roll-on/roll- and perfects its legal person man- national strategy as integrated devel- off car. agement structure. Since it went into opment region. This plan regarded public in 2002, Yingkou port’s share “the five points and one line econom- 1.2 Taking advantage of perfect price has been powerful in momen- ic belt” raised by Liaoning as its core, collecting and distributing system tum, being considered as blue chip and expanded the scope of the orig- Yingkou port is convenient in trans- all the time, which offered a finan- inal one. According to the property portation. Shenyang-Dalian express- cial guarantee for the construction of of Yingkou port and national poli- way and Harbin-Dalian highway lie international port and for the invest- cies’ instruction, Yingkou port in the along the port, Changchun-Dalian ment to infrastructure in the port. future will have multiple modes of transportation, including waterway, railway reaches the wharf apron, and 2.. Makin comprehensive use of container regular trains from Yingk- highway, railway and pipeline. As a external conditions for the devel- service system, is can integrate port ou port to Changchun, Dehui, Harbin, opment of Yingkou port Gongzhuling, Siping and Songyu- enterprises, logistics enterprises and an as well as international container 2.1 Utilizing good policies issued by sea-boarding industries very well. special trains passing Manzhouli to the government Besides those mentioned above,

44 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Volume 1; Issue 1 Yingkou port also can perform func- ideology, to strengthen exchange of tainer, steel and sundries. Moreover, tions like port-surrounding indus- international information, to culti- to make it further perfected in main tries, communication information, vate and perfect market economy. functions, and ultimately achieve comprehensive service, tariff guaran- leapfrog development, Yingkou port tee, processing, commerce and trade, Particularly, the functions that mod- needs to build ten-thousand tons re- and tourism. ern ports have like commerce, indus- fined oil, build deepwater berths for try, business and transportation will vessels that accommodate liquid The construction of Yingkou port further expand and deepen port’s in- chemical, transform existing berths needs great supports from Yingkou fluence in the development of indus- to make them hold more vessels, city, Liaoning province and even the trial economy. Yingkou port, as a port gradually build new grain silos, ex- government. The completion of car- mainly runs international trade (for- tend highway for port, implement the gos’ operation in port not only calls eign trade accounts for 80%), as well construction of modern logistics in- for port authority’s but also port en- a developing port which is stepping dustry parks and EDI. terprises’ unremitting efforts. Mean- into the rank of large modern ports, while, it also calls for close coordi- is perfecting its functions and devel- 3.2 To further perfect collecting nation from vessel operators, cargo oping its port-surrounding industries, and distributing conditions agencies, highway transportation posing an important function on pro- enterprises, inland water transport moting the restructuring of industries To make Yingkou port a powerful enterprises and relevant departments in the northeast. modern hub port, the needs of indus- in the government (like customs, bor- trial distribution and transportation in der defense, commodity inspection 3. Making up for its own deficiency radiated regions have to be taken into and flora and fauna investigation). to prompt the all-dimensional de- consideration. In recent years, the Besides that, governments in various velopment of Yingkou port container transportation in Yingkou port has entered the fast traffic lane levels also should offer necessary 3.1 Improving its handling capaci- supports to Yingkou port in infra- of leapfrog development, and domes- ty by strengthening infrastructure tic trade lines have covered all ports structure construction, land removal construction of the port and relocation compensation and so in China’s coastal areas, becoming on. In terms of transportation of the port, the second largest port for contain- the greater the tonnage of freighter er transportation of domestic trade. 2.2 Taking advantage of the entry is, the cheaper the charge is. So, to In future, while keeping developing into WTO, we can build Yingkou make Yingkou port a powerful mod- near-sea shipping lines to Japan and port into a main port in China ern hub port, the construction and Korea, we should open ocean lines to South Asia, North America and Eu- Since the reform and opening transformation of large specialized bulk cargo port in Yingkou port have rope and speed up the development up, the value of import and export of container transportation according has been on the rise annually, which to be accelerated, strengthening port handling capacity and shortening to international enterprises’ needs. In makes hinterland in Yingkou port other words, taking advantage of the got a certain development in foreign dwell time of cargos in port. Besides, constructions of infrastructure in port opportunity to build old industrial trade. After the entry into WTO, the bases in the northeast, we should fur- growth of our country’s volume of like the number of containers in port, handling capacity, storage yards in ther perfect the inland collecting and import and export ensued a great distributing network of Yingkou port. increase in seaborne volume of for- port and fairway depth have to be eign trade, bring sufficient supply of strengthened to provide large mod- 3.3 Speeding up the process the in- goods and sound trading opportunity ern warehouse for logistics service formatization of Yingkou port and for the development of Yingkou port suppliers and to create “zero storage” improving its service efficiency and facilitating corporations’ further for customers. use of foreign capitals to speed up in To promote the process of Yingkou Handling capacity and scale are the port’s informatization can, on one making progress in technology and most basic index demonstrating that to improve management level. side, offer a theme for and set up data port is becoming powerful. In 2003, warehouse accordingly to categorize After the entry into WTO, the trend Yingkou port came up with the target customers, thus different measures of world economic integration be- of constructing port that can accom- can be taken to different customers; came more and more obvious. From modate hundred billion tons cargos, on the other side, informatization can the perspective of international and and by 2010, its handling capacity be updated again in 2009 and various domestic economies, international will reach one 100 million tons, the management systems can be set up trade will gain raise in more exten- number of containers will reach 1.6-2 to make high level management in sive fields. As a frontier of a country million TEU, which calls foe a fur- Yingkou port more effective. Based or a region to integrate with the world ther expanding of Yingkou port in on advanced ideology and resources, market and to participate in world scale. In the following development meanwhile, bonded warehouse and economy recycle and to launch in- and construction, Yingkou port needs tariff-free area should be built and ternational trade, port is undoubtedly to construct 5000 thousand tons the sphere of free activities of cargos an important channel to bring in new deepwater berths requested by con- should be expanded to make cargos

Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Volume 1; Issue 1 45 can be freely transported, stored, ex- with economic structure in Yingkou the northeast and to accelerate the changed, dealt and simply processed city, focusing on export-oriented in- development of modern logistics by and packed in prescribed scope. Tar- dustries; connection with economy in participating in the planning of logis- iff-free treatment should be available hinterland should be set up to serve tics system in city groups in central to realize the four functions of inter- the revitalization of old industrial Liaoning province. national transfer, international deliv- industries in the northeast; so does ery, international purchasing and in- connection with logistics to give play 3.6 carrying out the strategic co- ternational carrying trade, attracting to the function of collecting and dis- operation of port and shipping to more ship-owning companies and tributing pivot. raise the port’s competitive power large-scale enterprises. 3.5 Expanding functions of the port We should maintain a good relation 3.4 Developing harbor industries and striving to develop logistics in between port and city and implement reasonably port-surrounding areas the strategy of “striving city by port”. The development of harbor industries At present the development of logis- With the acceleration of globalization in Yingkou port should be operated tics in Yingkou port lacks necessary and the process of market integration, according to the requests of scientific competitive strength, investments in the cooperation of port and shipping outlook on development. We should logistics value-added services like has become a basic strategy foe the coordinate developments between distributing processing, message port’s development. At present com- port and coast areas, coastal areas service, inventory management and petition between Yingkou port and and hinterland, harbor industries and cost control, particularly in the de- its surrounding ports are fierce, as all new types of industries, perfect in- sign of logistics project and whole ports are striving for developments dustrial planning, regulate industrial course of logistics service. In terms and making their service and mar- distribution and optimize industrial of logistics system, Yingkou port is ket status gain great improvements. structure. We should accelerate the centering on port district and gain Many main ports domestically and construction of Yingkou coast eco- support from economy area within abroad are making every endeavor to nomic belt which is headed by port, radiation of the port, so we can adopt build strategic and cooperative part- centering on industrial bases in Li- the development model of “port-sur- nerships with transnational shipping aoning and supported by economic rounding logistics parks-logistics enterprises or groups to outstand in and technological development zone center-distribution center” to build a fierce competitions among ports. in Yingkou, high teach industri- system of layers of regional logistics At present, Yingkou port has made al park, energy and chemical parks points. Yingkou port can form a stra- itself one of the top ten large ports in Xianren island and other various tegic alliance relation with relevant in China, and its role in the revital- coastal parks. We should also strive ports (like Dalian port and Jinzhou ization of old industrial bases in the to develop six new industrial cluster, port), so we can support and develop northeast and the construction of namely metallurgy, petrochemical, a batch of logistics enterprises, lo- ports nationwide also increasingly equipment manufacturing, magne- gistics parks and distribution centers obvious. To make Yingkou a major sian materials, new types of building which have economic strengths, op- international port and distributing material and textile and garment. At erate according to international prac- center in the northeastern part of the same time, we should strength- tices and have reasonable network China, as well a modern port city en the supply ability of production structures, accelerating the construc- advanced in economy and technol- factors, create sound environment tion of logistics networks. ogy in the northeast, the strategy of for industrial development and make “striving city by port” still needs to reasonable arrangements for the use To develop modern logistics in port is good for expanding the port’s han- be implemented in Yingkou, as well a of construction land for key projects good performance in the planning of of heavy chemical industries in port. dling capacity via cargo’s cluster ef- fect, increasing the additional value “one city and two ports”. We should Local governments should active- of port service and comprehensive- also, according to the principle of ly lay out and construct coastal in- ly improving the port’s competitive consolidating, improving, exploiting dustrial parks, enact flexible and power. Now Yingkou port has put 2 and developing new ports, acceler- loose preferential policies, encour- million RMB on logistics parks to fa- ate the three phases construction of age bring-in projects, reduce or free cilitate the exploitation and develop- port to make Bayuquan become a charges for land leasing, planning and ment of international logistics parks real port with world-level deepwa- construction and taxation, thus form- like Xianren island. Building inter- ter wharf. Yingkou should give full ing a competitive policy atmosphere. national logistics parks in Xianren play to two-way radiation and the We should set up talent introduction island into a green passageway for functions of “window” of the port, and cultivation mechanism and give international import and export, and thus facilitating the development of priority to develop road traffic con- cultivating markets of chemical fer- Yingkou’s economy, give full play struction in port area. To develop port tilizer, steel, grain and mineral pow- to the industrial function of the port oriented industries should make full der and distributing center to pro- to driven harbor economy, and give use of regional, port and resource mote the spawning of material flow, full play to the city function in port advantages; to develop harbor indus- information flow and capital flow in areas to promote the construction of tries needs to have a good connection Liaoning and old industrial bases in infrastructure.

46 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Volume 1; Issue 1 4.Utilizing contents in project All transport facilities have their own Judgment about freight is also one of managements to analyze the theo- advantages. So the optimization se- the ultimate criteria to judge various ry of reasonable transportation of lection of transportation facilities rationalization implementation is ef- hinterland-port logistics should be made according to features fective or not. of different goods. We can use rail- As an important point in logistics way, waterway and automobile trans- Factors mentioned not only interre- chain, port chosen matters a lot to the port to select the best transport route lated but also mutually contradicted. cost of cargos. However, when a hin- to use transport capacity rationally, So, we need to conduct comprehen- terland faces multiple available ports, and use features of transport facil- sive analysis. Expected result can be it’s pivotal to choose a best logistics ities to operate handling and trans- achieved if we consider transporta- route to transport. Theory about that portation to optimize the function of tion rationalization from those five has nearly matured. Because trans- transport facility utilized. parts mentioned above. In practical portation is one of the most important application, it is the key to shorten functional factor, rationalization of The time management of project is to transport time as much as possible hinterland-port logistics largely re- guarantee the project can finish a se- and transport expense as less as pos- lies on the rationalization of transpor- ries of management process on time. sible in general case while consider- tation. And logistics transportation is It includes the limitation of specific ing rational transportation, this is be- the result of interactions among vari- activity, such as the sequencing of ac- cause the two factors epitomize the ous economic, technological and so- tivities, estimation of time, schedule economic efficiency in the process of cial elements, factors affect the ratio- development and time control. logistics. nalization of transportation are quite a lot. And factors from five parts that Managing of transport time in Yingk- 5 Conclusion ou port. act decisively are called the “five fac- In the future, the development of tors” in the rational transportation of Transportation is the link which con- Yingkou should follow the scientific hinterland- port logistics. sumes time quite a lot in the process outlook on development and require- Shipment distance. of logistics, especially in long-dis- ments for the general port planning tance transportation. In the total lo- to construct a modern comprehen- For transportation, several techno- gistics time, transportation time ac- sive port which integrate container logical economic index like time, counts the most, so the shortening of warehouse, transfer and reloading, damage of cargo, freight and circu- transportation time plays a decisive transport organization, modern logis- lation of vehicles all have a certain role in the whole transportation time. tics, harbor industries, communica- relation of proportion with distance, Besides, short transportation time is tion and information, comprehensive so the length of transportation is the beneficial for the quick turnover of service, tariff guarantee, processing, most basic element in evaluating the transportation facilities, and making commerce and trade and tourism transportation is rational or not. So, the most of the function of transport into one that is advanced in facility, when a enterprise is organizing the capacity is good for the turnover of perfect in function, efficient in man- shipment of goods, the first consid- cargo owners’ capitals, as well, for agement, remarkable in efficiency, eration gives to the length of trans- the improvement of transportation harmonious in environmental protec- portation, trying to make it optimized routes’ through abilities, making tion. in transport route. In other words, the great contributions to the rationaliza- length of transportation is the most tion of transportation. Reference basic element in evaluating the trans- The cost management of project is to [1] Current Chinese Economic Re- portation is rational or not, because port Series, 2016. shortening the distance of transporta- guarantee the actual cost and expense tion can bring benefits from the mac- to complete a project can’t exceed the [2] Coastal opening affects the inte- ro or the micro. Conversely, it can management process’s budget cost rior of the province, Business Daily bring damages to society, economy and expense, which consists works Update, Dec 3 2010. and logistics. like the allocation of resources, the budgets of cost and expense and the [3] Wang. 9: Regional Integration Each increase in the number of trans- control of expense. Development in Central Liaoning portation will not only add the freight Urban Agglomeration. Old Industrial of start shipment and total freight, The transportation expenses in Cities Seeking New Road of Indus- but also will definitely add affiliat- Yingkou port. trialization, 2014. ed activities to transportation, like Freight accounts for a large propor- [4] Gao, Wei, and Yan Zhang. A study load and unload and packing, various tion in the total logistics expenses, technological and economic index of portvicinity industry cluster de- so it, to a great degree, decides the velopment of Liaoning coastal eco- will decline therefore. So, reducing whole logistics system’s competitive transport links, particularly the link nomic belt. 2012 2nd International power. In reality, the reduction of Conference on Consumer Electron- of same transport facilities, prompts transportation expense is an import- rational transportation. ics Communications and Networks ant target, no matter to cargo owner (CECNet), 2012. Transport facilities. enterprise or to logistics enterprise.

Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Volume 1; Issue 1 47