Journal of World Architecture Research in Context By Zhang Yining Building Yingkou port into a main port in China Zhen’an District Urban Construction Bureau of Dandong Introduction the most reasonable shipping dis- tance. Moreover, it’s the nearest Abstract: Harbor plays a piv- In terms of the geological loca- estuary for the three northeastern otal role in the economic devel- tion of Yingkou port, it gains provinces and hinterland in Inner opment of a country or an area. support mainly from those cit- Mongolia, by 180km compared After the World War II, the re- ies in central Liaoning province, with Dalian port. Compared with covery of Japan’s economy, the being the nearest marine outfall continental carriage, the cost emergence of “the Four Asian and the second open port among nearly lowered by 10-20 RMB Tigers” and rise of China’s the three provinces (Liaoning, per ton. Thus, it can save vast coastal districts, including the Jilin and Heilongjiang) in north- logistics costs and shipping time Pearl River Delta and the Yang- east. Yingkou port has formed a for customers. tze River Delta fully demon- complete structure composed by strated harbor’s strategic role in the old port area, Bayuquan port Yingkou port is one of our coun- economic development. As the area and Xianren island port. The try’s main ports of hub in coastal nearest port to ocean in north- long coastal line offers huge de- areas, as well as the nearest estu- eastern area, port of Yingkou veloping potential. Convenient ary in the northeast. With the con- values a lot to the development transportation and the adjacency tinuing development of its pro- of city groups in the central of several countries in the north- duction and construction, its open part of Liaoning province and eastern part also provide certain port has been expanding with economic districts in Shenyang advantages for Yingkou port in each passing day. And the devel- province, as well, to the reju- the transportation of goods and opment of its open port also has venation of old industrial bases containers. extremely prompted the develop- in northeastern area. At present, ments of import-export trade and Located in the southwest of Li- port of Yingkou has achieved domestic trade, has driven the leapfrog development, becom- aodong peninsula, Yingkou port development of modern logis- lies near to the extensive back- ing a big port of hub accommo- tics, harbor industries and so on. dating hundreds million tons of land of northeast and the east of Recent years have seen a sound Inner Mongolia, which makes goods. And it also transforming rise of business operations, espe- its developing model----from a it the heartland of northeastern cially the world-watching con- port of hub to a powerful inter- Asia in international logistics struction and development of national port which is modern and international gangway for Yingkou port------its open port service oriented. So, from new transshipment. Being an import- has been expanding in scale, its starting point, it is very timely ant sound deepwater port in the functions perfected, its cargo and necessary to have a scien- north of China, the port outstands handling capacity has been sta- tific and new outlook on and to in location advantage, as it lies bly increasing and surpassed one carry out new research on its in the junction point of Bohai hundred million tons in October economic rim and northeastern 2007, making it the tenth of that transformation and develop- economic area. Regarding its ton level in China. According to ment of Yingkou port. This pa- distance to the three provinc- statistics collected till Novem- per, by analyzing the back-land es, it’s 741km from Yingkou to ber 2012, Yingkou port’s cargo of Yingkou port, investigating Harbin, the provincial capital of handling capacity has reached its collecting and distributing Heilongjiang, 499km to Changc- 277.53 million tons. Building it system, as well as studying its hun, Jilin, making Yingkou port into a regional but modern inter- informatization of the manage- the nearest estuary to the three national and powerful port with ment of port and supports from northeastern provinces and four multi-functions not only helps government and politics, tries to league hinterlands in Inner Mon- the economic developments of make Yingkou port an important golia. The cost disparity of conti- three northeastern provinces but port of China. nental carriage is comparatively also a inevitable choice for China obvious for shipping goods via to blend into northeastern Asian ocean from short distance. Be- economic circle and to gain more Key words: Yingkou; harbor; WTO cause Yingkou port is the nearest initiative in northeastern Asian one to cities in central Liaoning, economic cooperation. with all radius within 250km, it’s Published online: 15th July, 2017 42 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 olume 1; Issue 1 The status quo of Yingkou port’s parts: first, the production put into of creased capacity of metallic ore development the second and third phase of Yingk- transported will mainly come from ou Huaneng power plant will ensue Anshan Iron and Steel Group Cor- Main features of cargo handling ca- coal imported increase doubled; poration Yingkou steel plant, whose pacity of Yingkou port and Bayuquan second, coal imported by various total steel output will reach 5.5 mil- port in recent years are as below: enterprises in hinterland, particu- lion tons and 11 million tons respec- (1) The cargo handling capacity keeps larly Anshan Iron and Steel Group tively and quantity of imported iron increasing with high speed. The aver- Corporation Yingkou steel mill, will ore acquired will be about 8 million age rate of increase was 37.2% during increase; third, striving for enterpris- tons and 16million tons respective- the “eighth five-year plan”, breaking es like Huaneng Group that exploit ly after its second and third phase of records made by nationwide ports’ coal in eastern Mongolia to choose constructions are put into production. developments. And the rate kept in- Yingkou port as the port to launch. As Yingkou middle plate plant and creasing by double-digit during “the It is forecasted that the coal handling Yingkou five mines increased their ninth and the tenth five-year plans”. capacities of Yingkou port in 2010, metallic ore, the metallic ore han- The constructions of Bayuquan port 2015 and 2020 will be 27 million dling capacities of Yingkou port in and deepwater berth greatly met the tons, 51 million tons and 110 million 2010, 2015 and 2020, according to needs of economic development in tons respectively. estimation, will reach 35 million tons hinterland as well. and 50 million tons and 50 million (2) oil and its products: in recent tons respectively. (2) Featured by transfer transporta- years, oil’s handling capacity was tion of large bulk cargo and transpor- around 5 million tons, reaching (4) Steel: it’s one growth point of tation by sea of bulk cargo. Among 5.924 million tons in 2008. After cargo handling capacity in Yingk- the category of goods handled in the 300000 tonnes crude oil was put into ou port in recent years, with 19.785 port, there were mainly coal, oil, me- production in Xianren island port, it million tons in 2008. In future, to- tallic ore, non-metallic ore, chemical values a lot. Besides crude oil which tal steel transport quantity increased fertilizer and food, and the goods ca- has been identified to be imported will be also mainly from Anshan Iron pacity handled accounted for 60% in for Huajin Group and heavy rubber and Steel Group Corporation Yingk- the total cargo capacity handled in asphalt unloading project in energy ou steel plant which will set its own the port. and chemical industrial area in Xian- wharf to transport, making Yingkou ren island port, it will definitely have port’s cargo handling capacity growth (3) Supply of goods came from the important influences on the construc- slows down evidently. It is estimated three northeastern provinces and tion of petrochemical industry parks that the steel handling capacity of all three leagues and one city in eastern in port-nearing area in Xianren island ports in Yingkou port in 2010, 2015 Inner Mongolia. Among each year’s and Shenyang, as well as on the trans- and 2020 will be 25 million tons, cargo capacity handled, supply of port pattern of crude oil in the north- 31 million tons and 36 million tons, goods from Liaoning toke more than east. It also may make it possible to among which the handling capacity 70%, with the most from Shenyang have Fushun petrochemical settle of Yingkou port itself will maintain economic circle. down its reserve warehouse of im- at about 25-26 million tons. ported oil, strategic or business crude (4) The capacities of container, steel, oil here in Xianren island. The devel- (5) Food: it’s handling capacity in metallic ore and coal increased sta- opment of port-surrounding oil pro- recent years remains at 5 million bly. In 2005, the total cargo handling cessing industry will definitely trig- tons, reaching 4.048 million tons in capacity was 75.37 million tons, and ger the need of transporting refined 2008. With the implementation of compared with that in 2000, the av- oil products and liquid chemicals. It our country’s project of increasing erage annual rate of increase was is estimated that the industrial ag- grain production by hundred billion 27.2%, among which the average an- glomeration effect of port-surround- kilograms, great growths have been nual rate of increase of container was ing petrochemical industry park and seen in the export quantities of corn 38.06%, steel 33.5%, metallic ore the transport cluster effect of oil and and rice produced in the northeast.