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SERCARB Prodoc Final 6.26.13

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SERCARB Prodoc Final 6.26.13 United Nations Development Programme Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) Project Document Project Title: Strengthening Ecosystem Resilience and Community Adaptive Capacity in Climate Affected River Basins in DPRK (SERCARB) Expected CP Outcome(s): CPD Outcome 4: Improved national capacities and awareness for environmental protection and waste management. CPD Outcome 5: Improved national capacities in disaster management. CPD Outcome 6: Strengthened enabling environment for use of conventional energy, and accessibility of alternative energy sources, and strategies in adaptation and mitigation to climate change. Expected Output(s): Output 1: Community capacities for participatory hazard mapping and disaster risk reduction strengthened. Output 2: Weather monitoring and early warning systems (EWS) improved in pilot watersheds. Output 3: Improved forest management to reduce flood risk, landslides and erosion in pilot watersheds. Output 4: Sustainable utilization and rehabilitation of sloping lands in agricultural landscapes. Output 5: Multi-stakeholder coordination and project management. Executing Entity: UNDP Implementing Agency: UNDP Ecosystem management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction issues are strongly interlinked in DPRK. Addressing environmental sustainability in the DPRK context requires a strong focus on the impact of climate change and the interplay between environmental degradation and extreme weather events. The project aims to minimize the negative impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on the livelihood of local community and improve community capacity and awareness for environment protection, sustainable management and utilization of natural resources as well as disaster risk management and climate change adaptation. This project is consistent with the support of human development objectives. Programme Period: Jun 2013-Dec 2016 Budget TRAC -1 Key Result Area: Socio Economic Development General Management Support Fee______ Total budget: US$ 2,200,000 Project Atlas ID: _________________ Allocated resources: ____________ Start/End Date: __________________ UNDP: US$ 2,200,000 PAC Meeting Date: __________________ Regular: ____________ Management Arrangement: UNDP Direct Execution Other: ____________ Agreed by (Government): Date: Agreed by (UNDP): Date: I. Situation Analysis The D.P.R. of Korea (DPRK) has a total terrestrial area of 123,188 km2, located on the coast of the Pacific, in the northern half of the Korean peninsula. Topographically DPRK is interspersed with high rugged mountain ranges, which cover approximately 80% of the country. The topographical elevation lowers from the northeast to the southwest, with the bulk of low flood plains located along the western coast. Most of the mountain ranges in DPRK are covered by forestlands comprising typical temperate mountainous forest ecosystems. Due to DPRK’s geographical position at the apex of the Korean peninsula and the Northeast Asian landmass, high levels of ecosystem and biological diversity have developed in a relatively small area. The fauna and flora show characteristics of both the northern temperate areas and southern temperate and sub-tropical areas, which has produced high levels of endemism (particularly amongst the plants). A total of 8,785 plant and 1,431 vertebrate species have been described, including 416 bird species. However, a number of these species are classified as threatened or rare, including 158 higher plant species and 157 vertebrate species. The climate in DPRK is continental in nature with four distinct seasons and is affected by both continental and oceanic influences. The annual average precipitation in the country is 976 mm with 60% of precipitation occurring between June and September. However, the precipitation varies unevenly both temporally and spatially.1 DPRK suffers from a range of natural disasters.2 Weather extremes such as torrential rains, typhoons, flooding and storm surges are frequent, and lead to soil erosion and sedimentation, landslides, droughts and dust and sand storms. Frost, forest fire and hail are reported to be of medium frequency, while earthquakes and air pollution are a relatively limited concern. Agriculture is however severely affected by the frequent weather extremes.3 The collapse of the socialist market system caused severe economic dislocation in the 1990s and, coupled with a series of natural disasters, significantly increased the rate of forest loss and forest degradation in the country. Forests were harvested for fuel-wood and construction materials, and extensive forest areas were converted to agriculture for food production. Deforestation and forest conversion (particularly of slopes and mountainsides) has contributed to an increase in floods, landslides and slope failures. A number of significant flood events have occurred in recent years, resulting in widespread economic loss (particularly to agriculture and ecosystem), damage to infrastructure and loss of life and livelihoods. For example, DPRK suffered human and material 1 Data and analysis on climate change and climate variability in DPRK is limited. Government counterparts have confirmed that observed trends in annual mean temperature and precipitation patterns are consistent with the wider climate trends observed in the region. Although rigorous analysis of climate patterns is not available, the frequency of drought and flood events is sufficient to justify the developmental benefits of the proposed intervention, whether or not these are caused by longer-term anthropogenic climate change. 2 An overall national disaster risk profile has not yet been developed in DPRK. The selection of priority risk areas was made based on experience of disaster risk characteristics and frequency in various parts of the country. 3 World Meteorological Organization, “Report of the Fact-finding Mission to The State Hydrometeorological Administration (SHMA), Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 26 June 2011.“ Page | 2 losses caused by typhoon and torrential rains from late June to mid-July 2011. In some areas of North and South Hwanghae, Kangwon and South Hamgyong provinces and Kaesong City, 100-500 mm torrential rains came down from 26-28 July 2011. It rained 564 mm, 469 mm, 339 mm and 337 mm in South Hwanghae Province's Chongdan, Pongchon and Kangryong counties and Haeju City respectively. Particularly, rainfall in South Hwanghae Province's Chongdan is estimated to be more than 50 percent of total annual precipitation in DPRK. The windstorms and flood left dozens of people dead, wounded and missing during late June to mid-July 2011. Over 2,900 houses were wrecked throughout the country, 2,200 houses in South Hwanghae Province alone. Nearly 60,000 hectares of farmland were submerged, buried or washed away, resulting in decreased grain output of the country. An estimated 170 industrial facilities and public buildings collapsed and landslides and broken revetments severed roads and bridges. In 2005 heavy rain and windstorms caused significant flood damage in Dokchon and Bukchang Counties, and in July of the following year a downpour of up to 320 mm within a few hours left huge areas of agricultural land inundated and housing and infrastructure destroyed. In 2010 floods causing widespread damage to housing and agriculture struck rural areas such as Chongdan and Ongjin Counties.4 Environmental management in DPRK is the responsibility of the Ministry of Land and Environment Protection (MoLEP). The Ministry’s mandate arises from the various environmental laws and regulations that it administers, in particular the Law on Land and Environment Protection Control (1998). MoLEP manages the system of national parks and nature reserves, undertakes forestry management and reforestation, and coordinate post-disaster rehabilitation work under the direction of the National Flood and Drought Disaster Rehabilitation Committee. MoLEP faces a number of barriers and constraints in discharging its wide range of duties. Foremost amongst these is inadequate technical capacities, particularly at provincial and local levels. MoLEP has a cadre of dedicated and capable staff, however equipment and financial resources are constrained. Technical and professional staff also lack exposure to the most current approaches, techniques and systems for integrated forest and watershed management, disaster risk reduction and ecosystem management. In particular, MoLEP staff have limited exposure to emerging approaches such as ecosystem-based climate change adaptation (EBA) and ecosystem-based climate mitigation (EBM). MoLEP’s technical capacity is largely concentrated at the central level. Technical capacities at the provincial, county and field level are weak, which hinders the development of community- and local-level ecosystem management and disaster planning. Weather forecasting and meteorological disaster early warning systems are the responsibility of the State Hydro-Meteorological Administration (SHMA). SHMA is the focal agency for meteorology, hydrology and oceanography. It maintains an operational hydro-meteorological observation network for meteorology, climate forecasting and monitoring of water levels in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and coastlines. SHMA is responsible for providing services such as weather and flood forecasts, agricultural outlooks, climatic predictions and environmental monitoring. The climate and disaster risk forecasting capacity in DPRK is hampered by limitations in data communications and data processing capacity.
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