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Hermatypic Corals of Western Australia: Records and Annotated Species List

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Hermatypic Corals of Western Australia: Records and Annotated Species List Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 29 . Hermatypic corals of Western Australia: records and annotated species list ].E.N. Veron* and L.M. Marsht * Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No 3, Townsville MC, Q. 4810 Australia t Western Australian Museum Francis Street Perth, WA 6000 Australia Perth 1988 Cover A recently described coral, Symphyllia wilsoni, found only in south-western Australia. Photographed off Dunsborough by Clay Bryce. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. Suppl. no. 29 © Western Australian Museum, 1988. ISSN 0313 122 X Published by the Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000. Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 History of coral taxonomy in Western Australia 2 The Western Australian Museum coral collection 6 Geo"graphic background .......................................................... .. 8 Climate 10 Currents 10 Sea surface temperatures , '" 12 Tides 14 Locality descriptions 14 Distribution patterns 23 Records and annotated species list " 34 Astrocoeniidae 35 Stylocoeniella '" " 35 Pocilloporidae 35 Pocillopora ................................................................... .. 35 Seriatopora 37 Stylophora 38 Palauastrea " '" 38 Acroporidae ..................................................................... .. 38 Montipora 38 Anacropora ................................................................... .. 47 Acropora 47 Astreopora 63 Poritidae 64 Porites 64 Goniopora. ................................................................... .. 68 Alveopora 70 Siderastreidae 72 Pseudosiderastrea 72 Psammocora .................................................................. .. 72 Coscinaraea 74 Agariciidae 76 Pavona 76 Leptoseris 78 Gardineroseris 80 Coeloseris 80 Pachyseris 80 Fungiidae 81 Cycloseris 81 Diaseris ....................................................................... .. 82 Heliofungia 82 Hi r Fungia , 82 Herpo1itha. ................................................................. .. 85 Po1yphyllia ................................................................... .. 85 Sanda101itha ' '.' .............................. .. 86 Lithophyllon ' 86 Podabacia ~ ". .. 86 Oculinidae , 87 Ga1axea 87 Acrhelia ...................................................................... .. 87 Pectiniidae : 88 Echinophyllia 88 Oxypora .-. ........ .. 88 Mycedium 89 Pectinia 90 Mussidae 90 B1astomussa 90 Scolymia 91 Australomussa 91 Acanthastrea 92 Lobophyllia 92 Symphyllia 94 Meru1inidae ..................................................................... .. 95 Hydnophora 95 Meru1ina 96 Scapophyllia 97 Faviidae ' 97 Caulastrea ' 97 Favia 98 Barabattoia 101 Favites. ................................................................. .. 101 Goniastrea 104 Platygyra .................................................................... .. 107 Leptoria 109 Oulophyllia 109 Montastrea 110 Plesiastrea ......................................................... .. III Oulastrea 112 Diploastrea ........................................................ .. 112 Leptastrea 112 Cyphastrea 113 Echinopora 115 Moseleya 116 Trachyphylliidae 116 Trachyphyllia 116 Wellsophyllia 117 iv Caryophylliidae 117 Euphyllia. ................................................................... .. 117 Cata1aphyllia 118 P1erogyra 119 Physogyra 119 Montigyra 119 Dendrophylliidae. .............................................................. .. 119 Turbinaria 119 Duncanopsammia. ........................................................... .. 123 Heteropsammia .............................................................. .. 123 Acknowledgements 124 References 125 Figures 1. Map of Western Australia 9 2. Sea surface temperatures 13 3. Coral distribution patterns ................................................... .. 24 v Abstract A list of hermatypic coral species from Western Australia is presented for the first time, based principally on the Western Australian Museum collections. Locality and habitat data are given for specimens of 318 species, of 70 genera, from the coast of Western Australia and many of its offshore islands and reefs. Computer analysis of distribution patterns shows a major division between reefal and non-reefal regions. Within reefal regions the offshore reefs are distinguished from the more southerly onshore reefs while the Houtman Abrolhos reefs are relatively distinct. Northern and southern non-reefal regions form distinct groups. Introduction The literature on corals from Western Australia is sparse although it goes back to the early 19th century (Lamarck 1816). Most of the 19th and early 20th century records relate to specimens obtained during British Admiralty hydrographic cruises off the north-west coast together with small collections from the German Gazelle Expedition, described by Sluder (1877) and the Swedish Scientific Expedition, described by Folkeson (1919). Neither the Hamburg South-Western Australian Research Expedition of 1905, under Drs W. Michaelsen and R. Hartmeyer, which made extensive invertebrate collec­ tions in Shark Bay, nor Professor W.]. Dakin's Percy Sladen Trust Expeditions to the Houtman Abrolhos resulted in publications on corals. Rosen (1971) summarizing the literature records of the distribution of reef coral genera in the Indian Ocean listed only 33 confirmed records of genera from Western Australia, 31 of these from the north-west with two additional genera from south­ western Australia. An active W.A. Museum programme of field work on Western Australian coral reefs and temperate coral communities in the 1970s and 1980s has now raised the number of genera known from Western Australia to 70, and for the first time a list of species of hermatypic corals found in all parts of Western Australia has been compiled. Three hundred and eighteen species are herein recorded and an additional 20 species remain unidentified. Some of these may represent undescribed species. The present list, while based principally on the Western Australian Museum (WAM) coral collection, includes literature records (where verified), records from other collec­ tions and some visual locality records. A reference to a recent description, including a figure where possible, is given for each species. A synonymy is included where this has changed since the publication of the Monographs on Scleractinia of Eastern Australia (Veron and Pichon 1976, 1980, 1982; Veron, Pichon and Wijsman-Best 1977; Veron and Wallace 1984) and Veron (1985a). The taxonomic sequence follows Veron (1986b). Locality records include the WAM registration numbers of specimens, habitat and depth range at each locality (where recorded). Details of collector, date of collection and habitat details for each specimen are excluded for reasons of space but are recorded in the W.A. Museum registers. Taxonomic notes are included where necessary. Species distribution records of the principal geographic regions are summarised in Table 2 and computer analysis of distribution patterns within Western Australia is given in Figure 3. History of Coral Taxonomy, Western Australia The earliest collections of corals from Western Australia were made by Peron and Le Sueur (Lesueur), naturalist and artist respectively on the French Baudin Expedition which explored" the coast of Western Australia in the ships Geographe and Naturaliste in 1801 and Geographe and Casuarina in 1803. Lamarck described 20 species of coral from this expedition with sketchy locality data e.g. "Les mers australes" and "les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande". Since the ships surveyed the Western Australian coast from King George Sound to the Kimberley and visited Timor and Mauritius as well as parts of the east coast of Australia it is impo"ssible to allocate type localities to any of these Lamarck species. An appendix to King (1827) lists 19 species of hermatypic corals without any locality. Since King surveyed both the north and west coasts of Australia and did not state where the collection was deposited, there is no possibility of finding the localities from which the specimens were collected nor of revising the identification. The next exploratory voyage to collect from Western Australia was that of Dumont D'Urville (1826-29). The natural history reports by Quoy and Gaimard (1833) record and figure Astrea galaxea Lamarck (= Plesiastrea versipora). The German Gazelle expedition in 1874-76 collected corals at two Western Australian localities, Mermaid Strait in the Dampier Archipelago and the Shark Bay area. From Mermaid Strait Studer (1877) recorded Euphyllia glabrescens (as E. rugosa" Dana), Cyphastrea microphthalma and Turbinaria mesenterina (as T. cinerascens Ellis and Solander). Western Australian corals described from the British Museum (Natural History) collections by Brook (1893) and Bernard (1896 and 1897), derived from the British Admiralty, collected incidentally during survey work off the north coast, and from collections made by the British biologist, W. Saville-Kent. Saville-Kent's early experience in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, where he assisted in "the arrangement and nomenclature of the magnificent collections of Madrepores or Stony-corals" (Saville-Kent 1893) stimulated him to see the corals alive. Thus, when he became Commissioner of Fisheries in Queenslan ' he took every opportunity to photograph reefs at low tide and to collect fish, corals and other invertebrates for the British Museum. Saville-Kent's observations and photographs were included in his "The Great Barrier Reef of Australia" (1893). In February 1893
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