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Hedysarum Alamutense (Fabaceae-Hedysareae), a New Species from Iran, and Its Phylogenetic Position Based on Molecular Data

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Hedysarum Alamutense (Fabaceae-Hedysareae), a New Species from Iran, and Its Phylogenetic Position Based on Molecular Data Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2019) 43: 386-394 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1806-50 Hedysarum alamutense (Fabaceae-Hedysareae), a new species from Iran, and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data 1 1, 2 2 Haniyeh NAFISI , Shahrokh KAZEMPOUR-OSALOO *, Valiollah MOZAFFARIAN , Mohammad AMINI-RAD 1 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Received: 25.06.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 14.01.2019 Final Version: 06.05.2019 Abstract: Hedysarum alamutense, a new species in the tribe Hedysareae DC. (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. It belongs to the traditionally recognized Hedysarum L. section Multicaulia (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch., which extends over the West Alborz Mountains in northern Iran. This species is characterized by greenish stems and corolla persisting in fruiting stage and has mostly 1–2-jointed, unarmed, biconvex pods with short hairs becoming bald early, and flattened margins. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data clearly unite this species with H. formosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Basin. The new species is characterized by 4 singleton nucleotide substitutions, suggesting it as a distinct taxon. Phylogenetic inferences are consistent with the interpretations of morphological features. Moreover, the lack of nucleotide variation among individual samples of H. formosum indicated that the species has not been diversified at the population level and reinforced our findings. Keywords: Alborz Mountains, Hedysarum, phylogeny, section Multicaulia, taxonomy 1. Introduction (Boissier, 1872; Rechinger, 1952; Chrtková-Žertová, 1968; The genus Hedysarum L., encompassing ca. 180 species, is Hedge, 1970; Fedtschenko, 1972; Townsend, 1974, 1984; the largest genus of the tribe Hedysareae, Fabaceae (Lock, Ranjbar et al., 2007; Xu and Choi, 2010) and compared 2005; Xu and Choi, 2010; Amirahmadi et al., 2014). In with the herbarium specimens deposited in TARI, W, and the last 3 decades new findings, mostly new species from LE. It was concluded that the specimens belonging to H. Iran, have increased the species number to 38 (Rechinger, subsect. Multicaulia ought to be considered an undescribed 1952, 1984; Ranjbar et al., 2006, 2007, 2008; Ranjbar, 2010; species with affinity to H. formosum. Here, it is described Akrami et al., 2011; Amirabadi-Zadeh, 2011; Dehshiri as H. alamutense sp. nov. The specimens in vegetative and et al., 2012; Dehshiri, 2013; Amirahmadi et al., 2014; fruiting stages were deposited at the herbaria of TARI and Bidarlord et al., 2015; Dehshiri and Goodarzi, 2016). Tarbiat Modares University (TMUH). A molecular study Most of the species of the genus in Iran belong to H. sect. based on concatenated nrDNA ITS + plastid (trnL-trnF Multicaulia (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch., and recent phylogenetic and matK) sequences of 16 representatives (23 accessions) studies (Duan et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2017; Nafisi et al., of Hedysarum was undertaken to infer the phylogenetic 2019) indicated that this section is composed of 2 clades of position and identity of H. alamutense. The recent findings traditionally recognized subsects: Multicaulia, Subacaulia from Iran together with the new species described herein (Boiss.) B.H.Choi & H.Ohashi, and Crinifera (Boiss) bring the species number to 39 in Iran. Choi & H.Ohashi. One clade is composed of 12 of species from the traditionally recognized subsections Multicaulia 2. Materials and methods and Crinifera. The second clade is a large assemblage of representatives of all 3 subsections. 2.1. Taxon sampling During a botanical trip to the West Alborz Mountains, Five individuals of the new species were collected by the Qazvin Province (northern Iran), in June 2013, we authors during field collection in June 2013. The collected encountered an unknown population belong to Hedysarum. and herbarium specimens were cross-checked with the The newly collected specimens were cross-checked with the various Hedysarum accounts given in the relevant references specific descriptions of the genus in the relevant references (Chrtková-Žertová et al., 1968; Hedge, 1970; Fedtschenko, * Correspondence: [email protected] 386 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. NAFISI et al. / Turk J Bot 1972; Townsend, 1974; Rechinger, 1984; Ranjbar et al., A list of species included in the phylogenetic analysis is 2007). Quantitative traits from the lowest to the highest given in Table 1. values were presented in the species description. The new 2.2. Molecular studies species belonging to H. sect. Multicaulia is described as Total genomic DNA was isolated from dried and fresh H. alamutense. The specimens in vegetative and fruiting materials using the CTAB method of Doyle and Doyle stages were deposited at the herbaria of TARI and TMUH. (1987). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out Table 1. Taxa included in the nrDNA ITS, trnL-F, and matK analyses. GenBank accession no. Species (Voucher, source) nrDNAITS/cpDNA trnL-F/ matK Iran, Qazvin, Alborz Mountain, Alamut-e H. alamutense Nafisi & Kaz. Osaloo Gharbi District Kazempour-Osaloo & Bahadori LC466942*/LC466950*/ LC466946 105171(TARI) Iran, Qazvin, Alborz Mountain, Alamut-e Gharbi LC466943*/LC466951*/ H. alamutense Nafisi & Kaz. Osaloo District Kazempour-Osaloo 105173 (TARI) LC466947* H. candidissimum Freyn Turkey, Erzincan, Ganer 15114 (GAZI) LC404209/LC404292/LC404362 Iran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Mozaffarian, H. criniferum Boiss. LC404214/-/LC404365 57360 (TARI) Iran, Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Yasuj, H. elymaiticum Boiss. & Hausskn. LC404219/LC404298/ LC404367 Ghahraman et al., 22526 (TUH) Azerbaijan, Nakhcivan, Grossgeim & Elinskaya H. formosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Basin. KP338165/ KP338286/ KP338542 s.n. (US 2394108), Iran, Azerbaijan, Khoy, Qotur, Kazempour- H. formosum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex Basin. LC404225/LC404303/LC404372 Osaloo & Nafisi 1394-3 (TMUH) Iran, Azerbaijan, Khoy, Seyed Tajaddin, H. formosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Basin. LC466944*/LC466952*/LC466948* Kazempour-Osaloo 1391-3 (TMUH) H. formosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Basin. Iran, Azerbaijan, Maku, Alizade 6741 (TMUH) LC466945*/LC466953*/ LC466949* H. huetii Boiss. Turkey, Artvin, Aytaç 86574 (GAZI) LC404233/LC404310/ LC404378 H. ibericum M.Bieb. Armenia, Vitek et al. 0005008 (W) LC404236/LC404312/ - H. kopetdaghi Boriss. Iran, Khorasan, K.H. Rechinger 5143-b (US) KP338172/KP338548/ KP338292 H. kotschyi Boiss. Turkey, Kahramanmaraş, Aytaç 3957 (GAZI) LC404241/LC404316/ LC404383 H. pestalozzae Boiss. Turkey, Adana, Vural 7517 (GAZI) LC404255/LC404329/ LC404396 Turkey, Malatya, Stainton & Henderson, 5468 H. pogonocarpum Boiss. LC404258/LC404331/ - (MSB) H. syriacum Boiss. Turkey, Ankara, Turgut 6304 (GAZI) LC404269/LC404342/ LC404408 Iran, Khorasan, Rabat-Sefid, Rafei, 30763 H. renzii Rech.f. LC404262/LC404335/ LC404401 (FUMH) H. singarense Boiss. & Hausskn. Iraq, Mosul, Rechinger, 0007043(W) LC404266/LC404339/ LC404405 H. varium Willd. Turkey, Kirikkale, Birden 1133 (GAZI) LC404272/LC404345/ LC404410 H. varium Willd. Iraq, Atrush, C. Chapman 9351 (US) KP338191/KP338309/ KP338567 H. varium Willd. Turkey, İçel, Sorger, 0004415 (W) LC404273/LC404346/ - H. varium Willd. Turkey, Erzincan, Altusoes 5627 (GAZI) LC404274/LC404347/ LC404411 Iran, Qazvin, Kazempour-Osaloo et al. 2013 H. wrightianum Aitch. & Baker LC404279/LC404352/ LC404415 (TMUH) Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Spain, Huesca, Podlech 6892 (MSB) AB854512/AB854555/AB854604 Iran, Bandar-Abbas, Ahangarian & Kazempour Taverniera cuneifolia Arn. AB329706/AB854558/AB854611 Osaloo 2006-4 (TMUH) 387 NAFISI et al. / Turk J Bot with 20 µL of the final volume of mixture containing 1.0 Osaloo & Bahadori 105171 (holotype: TARI, isotype: µL of template DNA (5 ng/µL), 0.5 µL of each primer (10 TMUH). pmol/µL), 10 µL of 2X Taq DNA polymerase Master Mix Diagnosis: Hedysarum alamutense is more closely Red (Amplicon, Cat. No. 180301, Germany), and 8.0 µL of related to H. formosum than to H. varium Willd., having sterile water. The nrDNA ITS region was amplified using the peduncles shorter than (rarely equal to) supporting leaves primers ITS5m (Sang et al., 1995) and ITS4 (White et al., (not longer); calyx indumentum not dense, calyx teeth 1990). PCR cycles consisted of predenaturation at 94 °C for 1.5–3 times as long as tube (not equal to 1.5 times); corolla 3 min followed by 30 cycles of 50 s at 94 °C for template with narrow wings, pale violet spot on the tip of keel or denaturation, 40 s at 53 °C for primer annealing, and 55 s at very rarely on wings, never on the standard, and persistent 72 °C for primer extension. A final elongation step of 7 min at in fruiting stage. The new species is distinct in possessing 72 °C was performed. The trnL-F region was amplified using greenish stems and long-lasting corolla and the following the universal “c” and “f” primers (Taberlet et al., 1991). The pod characteristics: biconvex, compressed with flattened PCR profile for this fragment consisted of predenaturation at margins and 1–2-segmented, covered with short hairs, 94 °C for 2:30 min followed by 30–48 cycles of denaturation becoming bald early, and without any bristles (Figure 1). at 94 °C for 50 s, annealing at 53 °C or 58 °C for 40 s, and H. formosum is characterized by grayish stems, deciduous elongation at 72 °C for 50 s. A final elongation step of 7 min corolla
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