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Taxonomic Studies of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy Region

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Taxonomic Studies of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy Region adansonia 2020 42 10 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION / PUBLICATION DIRECTOR: Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Thierry Deroin RÉDACTEURS / EDITORS : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers ASSISTANT DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR : Emmanuel Côtez ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Emmanuel Côtez COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen) F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse) M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis) P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) COUVERTURE / COVER : Réalisée à partir des Figures de l’article/Made from the Figures of the article. Adansonia est indexé dans / Adansonia is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Adansonia est distribué en version électronique par / Adansonia is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Adansonia est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiquesdu Muséum, Paris Adansonia is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Bryologie, Mycologie. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2020 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1280-8571/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1639-4798 Taxonomic studies of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. IV. Synoptic revision of the Squamosa group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands George E. SCHATZ Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110 (United States) [email protected] Porter P. LOWRY II Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110 (United States) and Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB – Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Sorbonne Université, École pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Submitted on 21 June 2019 | accepted on 6 February 2020 | published on 20 July 2020 Schatz G. E. & Lowry II P. P. 2020. — Taxonomic studies of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. IV. Synoptic revision of the Squamosa group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia, sér. 3, 42 (10): 201-218. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2020v42a10. http://adansonia.com/42/10 ABSTRACT A synoptic revision of the Squamosa group of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands is presented in which nine species are recognized, including six new species that are described and illustrated (Diospyros antakaranae Capuron ex G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros betamponensis KEY WORDS G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros callmanderi G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros darainensis Ebenaceae, Diospyros, G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros phillipsonii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., and Diospyros sennenii Madagascar, G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov.). A key to the species is provided, along with an IUCN risk of extinction Comoros, Mayotte, assessment for each species. Five species are assessed as Endangered (D. betamponensis G.E. Schatz & endemism, Lowry, sp. nov., D. callmanderi G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., D. darainensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. conservation status, nov., D. phillipsonii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., and D. tetraceros H. Perrier), one as Vulnerable (D. lectotypification, new synonyms, antakaranae Capuron ex G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov.), one as Near Threatened D.( comorensis Hiern), new species. and two as Least Concern (D. sennenii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov. and D. squamosa Bojer ex A. DC.). RÉSUMÉ Études taxonomiques de Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) de la région malgache. IV. Révision synoptique du groupe Squamosa à Madagascar et aux Comores. Une révision synoptique du groupe Squamosa du genre Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) à Madagascar et aux Comores est présentée. Neuf espèces sont reconnues dont six nouvelles décrites et illustrées ici (Diospyros antakaranae Capuron ex G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros betamponensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros callmanderi G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros darainensis MOTS CLÉS G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., Diospyros phillipsonii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., et Diospyros Ebenaceae, Diospyros, sennenii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov.). Une clé d’identification est fournie ainsi que des évaluations Madagascar, préliminaires du risque d’extinction selon les critères de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN. Cinq espèces sont Comores, Mayotte, considérées comme “En Danger” (D. betamponensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., D. callmanderi endémisme, G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., D. darainensis G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., D. phillipsonii G.E. statut de conservation, Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., et D. tetraceros H. Perrier), une “Vulnérable” (D. antakaranae Capuron ex lectotypification, synonymes nouveaux, G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov.), une “Quasi-menacée” (D. comorensis Hiern), et deux “Préoccupation espèces nouvelles. mineure” (D. sennenii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov. et D. squamosa Bojer ex A. DC.). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2020 • 42 (10) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 201 Schatz G. E. & Lowry II P. P. INTRODUCTION and an assessment of its conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) for which An ongoing revision of the Ebenaceae of Madagascar, undertaken the area parameters of Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and to update the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores treatment by Area of Occupancy (AOO) were calculated using GeoCat Perrier de la Bâthie (Perrier de la Bâthie 1952), has revealed a (2020). Basic information (locality, senior collector name large number of undescribed species in the genus Diospyros L. and number) is provided for collections of the previously (Madagascar Catalogue 2020; Schatz & Lowry 2011, 2018; published taxa, whereas comprehensive collection data and Schatz et al. 2013). Currently, of the c. 730 accepted species of a distribution map are given for the new species, with the Diospyros worldwide (Govaerts 2020), 91 species are recognized exceptions of D. antakaranae Capuron ex G.E. Schatz & in Madagascar, of which all but three species are endemic, and Lowry, sp. nov. and D. sennenii G.E. Schatz & Lowry, sp. nov., an additional 155 endemic species have been tentatively iden- which can form large enough trees to be potentially exploited tified as new to science (Madagascar Catalogue 2020). Most as a source of ebony, and for which geo-coordinates and Malagasy Diospyros species can easily be placed in one of about detailed locality information have therefore been withheld. a dozen informal morphological groups recognized on the basis Specimen records are available for all members of the group of vegetative and reproductive features. Such groups constitute in the Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar (Madagascar hypotheses of monophyletic groups within Diospyros as revealed Catalogue 2020) and the Sonnerat database (Sonnerat 2020). by analyses using molecular sequence data (Duangjai et al. 2006, Post-facto georeferencing of historical specimens is indicated 2009; Linan et al. 2019). One such group, comprising Diospyros by square brackets. squamosa Bojer ex A. DC. and its putative relatives, has been named the Squamosa group. It is characterized by leaves with the midvein impressed adaxially; solitary, axillary, 4(-5)-merous TAXONOMIC TREATMENT female flowers that are surrounded in bud by distichous, over- lapping, scale-like or squamose bracts; and oblong to spherical The Squamosa group comprises an informally recognized fruits surrounded at their base by an accrescent calyx whose assemblage of nine species of Diospyros, six of which are new lobes have margins that are usually strongly revolute. to science and are described below. The group is centered Three currently recognized species conform to the Squa- in Madagascar, although one species, D. comorensis Hiern, mosa group (D. comorensis Hiern, D. squamosa, and D. tet- was based on material
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