DOCSLIB.ORG

Isoflavone Phytoestrogens in Humans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isoflavone Phytoestrogens in Humans PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet Surname or Family name: Knight First name: David Other name/s: Charles Abbreviation for degree as given in the U niversity calendar: MD Sc hool: O&G Faculty: Title: lsoflavone Phytoestrogens in Humans. The biological effects at different ages from the clinical perspective. Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) In Australia the trend toward dietary change by the general public in an attempt to improve health has resulted in an increased consumption of soy based products containing isoflavones. These compounds are selective oestrogen receptor modulators and have described oestrogen agonist and antagonist effects. The aim of this thesis was to assess the biological effects of isoflavones at different stages of reproductive life in humans. The isoflavone content of different foods, formulas and drinks that may be consumed by infants during their first year of life was investigated by measurement with HPLC in an attempt to define levels of exposure on different feeding regimens. All foods tested contained isoflavones, at varying levels, suggesttng that exposure to these compounds is almost ubiquitous. Given the relatively broad choice of infant foods becoming available, exposure to dietary isoflavones during the first year of life is virtually ubiquitous. The exposure may be higher if soy infant formulas are consumed, however the levels attained appear to fall within normal physiological boundaries. Ovarian follicular fluid was collected during oocyte collection during Assisted Reproduction cycles and examined for the presence of isoflavones by HPLC. Genistein was found to be present in ovarian follicular fluid. This is the first demonstration in humans of the presence of isoflavones of dietary origin in ovarian fluid and the presence of these compounds may effect ovarian function. Supplementation by dietary isoflavones in postmenopausal women was performed to assess the possible effects of isoflavones on estrogen deficiency symptoms and other tissue effects of estrogen deficiency. There was no significant difference in the incidence of vasomotor symptoms between active and placebo groups in three trials conducted. Powdered energy drinks were poorly tolerated and the high withdrawal rate and reporting of side effects suggests that other methods of isoflavone delivery may be more appropriate in the Australian culture. At the doses used no benefit was seen in relief from menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular parameters or bone turnover. Declaration relating to disposition of project report/thesis I am fully aware of th~pol" y of the University relating to the retention and use of higher degree project reports and theses, namely that the University retains the c -1es submitted for examination and is free to allow them to be consulted or borrowed. Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) 1 e University may issue a project report or thesis in whole or in part, in photostat or microfilm or other copying medium. I also authoris' d~ublication by University Microfilms of a 3.5lft.jord abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International (applicabr to doctorates only) . ........... 1 ...: . ............. .... j 1...... .. .. .. .. .... ...l~ . L~ .... .J ......................... .. ' Sign ~e --- " 'Y, Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restricti'on for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing to the Registrar. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances if accompanied by a letter of support from the Supervisor or Head of School. Such requests must be submitted with the thesis/project report. FOR O FFICE USE O NLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: 5(1 ( Ol egtstrar an eputy Principal THIS SHEET IS TO BE GLU ED TO THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE THESIS MBT 612.4 58 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, tior material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contnbution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is expliciUy acknowledged in the thesis. ~ I also declare that the intellectual content of this thes.· is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from oth in the projecfs design and conception or in style, presentation and lin · tic ex ression is acknowledged. (Signed) ............. '-1 AI ,L STATRS Bookbinding Ph. !tl2l ·· ..•. >nt., lsoflavone Phytoestrogens in Humans. The biological effects at different ages from the clinical perspective. David C. Knight MB BS, FRANZCOG, GradCert RepodMed City West IVF City West House 12 Caroline St, Westmead, NSW 2145 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Medicine University of New South Wales January 2001 UNSW 3 0 OCT ?001 LIBRARY I" Abstract In Australia the trend toward dietary change by the general public in an attempt to improve health has resulted in an increased consumption of soy based products containing isoflavones. These compounds are selective oestrogen receptor modulators and have described oestrogen agonist and antagonist effects. The aim of this thesis was to assess the biological effects of isoflavones at different stages of reproductive life in humans. The isoflavone content of different foods, formulas and drinks that may be consumed by infants during their first year of life was investigated by measurement with HPLC in an attempt to define levels of exposure on different feeding regimens. All foods tested contained isoflavones, at varying levels, suggesting that exposure to these compounds is almost ubiquitous. Given the relatively broad choice of infant foods becoming available, exposure to dietary isoflavones during the first year of life is virtually ubiquitous. The exposure may be higher if soy infant formulas are consumed, however the levels attained appear to fall within normal physiological boundaries. 2. Ovarian follicular fluid was collected during oocyte collection during Assisted Reproduction cycles and examined for the presence of isoflavones by HPLC. Genistein was found to be present in ovarian follicular fluid. This is the first demonstration in humans of the presence of isoflavones of dietary origin in ovarian fluid and the presence of these compounds may effect ovarian function. Supplementation by dietary isoflavones in postmenopausal women was performed to assess the possible effects of isoflavones on estrogen deficiency symptoms and other tissue effects of estrogen deficiency. There was no significant difference in the incidence of vasomotor symptoms between active and placebo groups in three trials conducted. Powdered energy drinks were poorly tolerated and the high withdrawal rate and reporting of side effects suggests that other methods of isoflavone delivery may be more appropriate in the Australian culture. At the doses used no benefit was seen in relief from menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular parameters or bone turnover. 3 Publications arising from the work related to this thesis Invited Chapters: Knight DC. Ch 20. Phytoestrogens. In Walker JJ. (Ed) Current Concepts for the Management of the Menopause. In press. Prizes: Best Clinical Research Paper. To be presented at British Fertility Society Annual Conference 2001. Knight DC, Driscoll GL, Tyler JPP. Dietary isoflavones are present in follicular fluid of women. Combined Conference of The Fertility Society of Australia and Australian Society of Reproductive Biology Abs 124, 2000. 4. Papers Knight DC, Tyler JPP, Driscoll GL. Dietary-derived isoflavones are present in ovarian follicular fluid of women. Human Reproduction Submitted Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA, Howes LG. The effects and acceptance of isoflavone-containing soy powder dietary supplementation on menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. In press Knight DC, Howes LG. Phytoestrogens or Dietary SERM 1s? Human Reproduction Submitted Hayward CS, Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA, Kelly RP. Effect of supplemental isoflavones on large artery function in postmenopausal women. J Hypertension Submitted Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA The effect of Promensil™, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptoms. Climacteric 1999;2:79- 84. 5 Knight DC, Eden JA, Huang JL, Waring MA. lsoflavone content of infant formulas and other food. J Paediatr Child Health 1998;34: 135- 8. Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:897-904. Knight DC, Lyons Wall PM, Eden JA. A review of phytoestrogens and their effects in relation to menopausal symptoms.[Leading Article] Aust J Nutr Diet 1996;53:5-11. Knight DC, Eden JA, Kelly GE. The phytoestrogen content of infant formulas. [letter] Med J Aust 1996;164:575. Knight DC, Eden JA. Phytoestrogens - a short review. Maturitas 1995;22: 16-75. 6. Abstracts Knight DC, Driscoll GL, Tyler JPP. Dietary isoflavones are present in follicular fluid of women. Combined Conference of The Fertility Society of Australia and Australian Society of Reproductive Biology Abs 124, 2000. Husband AJ, Howes JB, Knight DC et al. The correlation between phenolic estrogen levels and menopause symptoms in women. EEC, COST-916 Phytoestrogens Meeting, Amsterdam, April, 1998. Knight DC, Eden JA,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Étude in Vivo / in Vitro De L'effet De La Zéaralénone Sur L'expression De
    Étude in vivo / in vitro de l’effet de la zéaralénone sur l’expression de transporteurs ABC majeurs lors d’une exposition gestationnelle ou néonatale Farah Koraichi To cite this version: Farah Koraichi. Étude in vivo / in vitro de l’effet de la zéaralénone sur l’expression de transporteurs ABC majeurs lors d’une exposition gestationnelle ou néonatale. Toxicologie. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. Français. NNT : 2012LYO10314. tel-01071280 HAL Id: tel-01071280 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071280 Submitted on 3 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre 314-2012 Année 2012 THESE DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE SCIENCES-SANTE (EDISS) DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 août 2006) soutenue publiquement le 20 décembre 2012 par Mlle Farah KORAÏCHI TITRE : ETUDE IN VIVO/IN VITRO DE L’EFFET DE LA ZEARALENONE SUR l’EXPRESSION DE TRANSPORTEURS ABC MAJEURS LORS D’UNE EXPOSITION GESTATIONNELLE OU NEONATALE Directeur de thèse: Sylvaine LECOEUR Co-directeur
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric
    University of Groningen Copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and asymmetric conjugate addition in natural product synthesis Huang, Yange IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Huang, Y. (2013). Copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and asymmetric conjugate addition in natural product synthesis. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 03-10-2021 Copper-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation and Asymmetric Conjugate Addition in Natural Product Synthesis Yange Huang This Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Muscle Enhancement (The BDR) by Author L
    Chemical Muscle Enhancement (The BDR) By Author L. Rea TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. AAS INTRODUCTION ..PG’S 1-12 WARNING: READ FIRST OVER 20 YEARS AGO... WHY STEROIDS AND WHAT IS POSSIBLE? WHAT ARE STEROIDS? FEMALE HORMONE SYNTHESIS MALE HORMONE SYNTHESIS TESTOSTERONE... WHAT DOES IT DO? STEROIDS INCREASE PC SYNTHESIS STEROIDS EFFECT BLOOD VOLUME WHAT HAPPENS AFTER TESTOSTERONE MOLECULES LEAVE RECEPTORS? STEROIDS...GROWTH ON THE CELULAR LEVEL 2. DRUG REFERENCES AND DESCRIPTIONS..PG 12 ORAL ANABOLIC / ANDROGENIC STEROIDS..PG’S 13-30 INJECTABLE ANABOLIC / ANDROGENIC STEROIDS..PG’S 31-45 TESTOSTERONE AND ITS ESTERS..PG’S 45-61 NORTESTOSTERONE (NANDROLONE) AND ITS ESTER..PG’S 62-70 TRENBOLONE AND DERIVATIVES..PG’S 71-78 ESTROGEN CONTROL AND HPTA REGENERATION DRUGS..PG’S 79-94 DIURETICS..PG’S 95-102 THYROID HORMONES ..PG’S 103-116 NON-AAS GROWTH FACTORS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES..PG’S 117-141 OTHER SUBSTANCES..PG’S 142-152 3. REPORTED CYCLES AND EFFECTS.. (Introduction) PG’S 153-159 REPORTED CYCLES AND EFFECTS EXAMPLES (MALE)...PG’S 160-169 REPORTED CYCLES AND EFFECTS EXAMPLES (FEMALE)...PG’S 170-174 REPORTED ADVANCED CYCLES AND EFFECTS-BLITZ CYCLES..PG’S 175-200 (More Reported Cycles and Effects) 4. NUTRITION..PG’S..201-211 5. SUPPLEMENTAL CREATINE..PG’S 212-216 6. REFERENCES AND AVAILABLE LITERATURE..PG’S 217-223 All Rights Reserved CHEMICAL MUSCLE ENHANCEMENT (The Report) and BODYBUILDERS DESK REFERENCE COPYRIGHT ©2002 by AUTHOR L. REA No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the author and publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Scienze Veterinarie
    Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE VETERINARIE Ciclo XXX Settore Concorsuale: 07/H2 Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: VET/04 MYCOTOXIN DETERMINATION IN NON CONVENTIONAL MATRICES: DEVELOPMENT OF MASS SPECTROMETRY BASED ANALYTICAL METHODS Presentata da: Dott.ssa Adele Repossi Coordinatore Dottorato Supervisore Chiar.mo Prof. Arcangelo Gentile Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Teresa Gazzotti Esame finale anno 2018 ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight natural products produced, as secondary metabolites, by filamentous fungi. These molecules represent a wide chemical group with different toxicity effects in human and other animals. These toxins can accidentally occur in food and feed, due to a direct or indirect contamination. The aim of this work was to develop a method for the first time to quantitatively determine zearalenone and its metabolites (α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone) in bovine and human hair using LC-MS/MS. Once the method was set-up for bovine hair, it was successfully validated according to Decision 657/2002/CE on three analytes, with satisfying performances. Moreover the applicability of the method was tested on human hair in a one-day validation with reasonable performances. This method could be a useful tool to evaluate natural feed contamination or detect illegal use of α- zearalanol in bovines and to perform a first inventory of the occurrence of these molecules in bovine and human hair, as biomarkers for zearalenone exposure in future studies. Another purpose of this work was to make a preliminary screening on mycotoxins contamination (aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin) in different pet food types for cats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Different Doses of Zearalenone in Feed on The
    toxins Article The Effect of Different Doses of Zearalenone in Feed on the Bioavailability of Zearalenone and Alpha-Zearalenol, and the Concentrations of Estradiol and Testosterone in the Peripheral Blood of Pre-Pubertal Gilts Łukasz Zielonka 1, Magdalena Gaj˛ecka 1,*, Sylwia Lisieska-Zołnierczyk˙ 2, Michał D ˛abrowski 1 and Maciej T. Gaj˛ecki 1 1 Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] (Ł.Z.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (M.T.G.) 2 Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the Warmia and Mazury Oncology Center in Olsztyn, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-89-523-37-73; Fax: +48-89-523-3618 Received: 31 January 2020; Accepted: 24 February 2020; Published: 26 February 2020 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term (48 days), per os administration of specific zearalenone (ZEN) doses (20 and 40 µg ZEN/kg BW in experimental groups EI and EII, which were equivalent to 200% and 400% of the upper range limit of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), respectively) on the bioavailability of ZEN and the rate of changes in estradiol and testosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood of pre-pubertal gilts. ZEN and α-ZEL levels were similar until day 28. After day 28, α-ZEL concentrations increased significantly in group EI, whereas a significant rise in ZEN levels was noted in group EII.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactivation of Zearalenone by Porcine Hepatic Biotransformation
    Vet. Res. 36 (2005) 799–810 799 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2005034 Original article Bioactivation of zearalenone by porcine hepatic biotransformation Hassan MALEKINEJAD, Roel Franciscus MAAS-BAKKER, Johanna FINK-GREMMELS* Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 16, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands (Received 18 June 2004; accepted 4 April 2005) Abstract – Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative produced by various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The structure of zearalenone is flexible enough to allow a conformation able to bind to mammalian oestrogen receptors, where it acts as an agonist. Using oestrogen-dependent Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) cells, the oestrogenic activity of zearalenone and its derivatives were compared using 17 β-oestradiol as a positive control. The results obtained demonstrate that the oestrogenic potency of ZEA derivatives could be ranked in the following order: α- zearalenol > α-zearalanol > zearalenone > β-zearalenol. Since pigs have been reported to be among the most sensitive animal species, biotransformation studies with pig liver subcellular fractions were conducted. These studies indicated that α-zearalenol is the main hepatic metabolite of zearalenone in pigs, and it is assumed that 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogeneases are involved in the hepatic biotransformation, since the formation of α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol could be inhibited by prototypic substrates for either enzyme. The bioactivation of ZEA into the more active α-zearalenol seems to provide a possible explanation for the observed high sensitivity of pigs towards feedingstuffs contaminated with the mycotoxin.
    [Show full text]
  • In Human Breast
    AN ESTROGENICALLY REGULATED POTENTIAL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE, PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE γ (PTPγ), IN HUMAN BREAST DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Suling Liu, B.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Young C. Lin, Adviser Dr. Robert W. Brueggemeier _______________________________ Dr. Yasuko Rikihisa Adviser Dr. Pui-kai Li Veterinary Biosciences Graduate Program ABSTRACT Except for skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and second only to lung cancer as the primary cause of cancer deaths in women. Among the endocrine factors associated with breast cancer, estrogens are considered to play a central role in human breast carcinogenesis. In 1988, Henderson et al. showed that breast cancer risks are increased by long-term exposure to estrogens, such as estradiol-17β (E2). Zeranol (Z) (Ralgro®) is a nonsteroidal agent with estrogenic activities and used as a growth promoter in the U.S. beef, veal and lamb industries. We showed E2 and Z induced human breast epithelial cell neoplastic transformation with the similar potency in the long-term exposure through the redox-pathway, in which estrogen metabolites undergo redox-cycling and produce free radicals which directly induce DNA damage leading to tumor initiation, and/or ERβ-mediated pathway and they have the similar potency in stimulating and inhibiting some target gene expressions in human breast cancer cells. Protein tyrosine phosphatase γ (PTPγ) is a member of the receptor-like family of tyrosine-specific phosphatases and has been implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in kidney and lung cancers.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vivo Assessment of Zearalenone Toxicity
    DOI: 10.2478/fv-2020-0018 FOLIA VETERINARIA, 64, 2: 60—65, 2020 IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF ZEARALENONE TOXICITY Harčárová, M.1, Čonková, E.2, Proškovcová M.2, Falis, M.3 1Institute of nutrition, dietetics and feed production, 2Institute of pharmacology 3Institute of toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice Slovakia [email protected] ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most important myco- Fusarium are capable of producing secondary metabo- toxins and it is produced by the Fusarium toxigenic species: lites—mycotoxins. Fusarium fungi synthesize trichot- F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. crookwellense, hecenes, zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins under ap- F. roseum, F. nivale, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides, F. oxy- propriate environmental conditions. In this biological sporum, F moniliforme, F. lateritium, F. sacchari, F. sambu- experiment, we studied the effects of zearalenone on cinum, F. gibbosum and others [2, 14]. Zearalenone (Fig. 1) a model organism called Artemia franciscana. During is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin that has a struc- the three-day in vivo tests, we used five different con- ture similar to steroid hormones, increasing its ability to centrations of zearalenone (0.08 ppm, 0.4 ppm, 2 ppm, bind to the intracellular oestrogen receptors of the uterus, 10 ppm and 50 ppm). The results of this study showed hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It acts as an agonist and that as the zearalenone concentration and the duration partly as an estradiol antagonist. As a result of this action, of the mycotoxin exposure increased, the lethality of ar- zearalenone inhibits the secretion of the follicle-stimu- temia also increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Zearalenone Enhances Reproductive Tract Development, but Does Not
    Animal Feed Science and Technology 174 (2012) 79–85 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Animal Feed Science and Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anifeedsci Zearalenone enhances reproductive tract development, but does not ଝ alter skeletal muscle signaling in prepubertal gilts a,∗ a b b c b W.T. Oliver , J.R. Miles , D.E. Diaz , J.J. Dibner , G.E. Rottinghaus , R.J. Harrell a USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States b Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, United States c Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Zearalenone is a potent mycotoxin that has estrogenic properties. In vitro results indicate Received 23 March 2011 that zearalenone metabolites down-regulate proteins associated with protein synthesis Received in revised form 24 February 2012 (protein kinase B, Akt) and cellular proliferation (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK). Accepted 27 February 2012 The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of zearalenone on (1) growth performance and signaling for protein synthesis, and (2) reproductive tract development. At 28 d of age, gilts were randomly assigned to consume a commercial basal diet (C) or Keywords: Mycotoxin C+1.5 mg/kg zearalenone (n = 10) for 4 wk, at which time gilts were euthanized, urine col- lected, and tissue collected. No differences were observed in average daily gain, average Skeletal muscle Swine daily feed intake, or gain:feed (P>0.28).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,674,892 Giese Et Al
    US005674892A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,674,892 Giese et al. 45 Date of Patent: Oct. 7, 1997 54) METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR Roche etal, "Resorcylic Acid Lactone as an Anabolic Agent NHBTNG PROTEN KNASES in Cattle," Veterinary Research Communications, 7:45-50 (1983). 75 Inventors: Neill A. Giese; Nathalie Lokker, both Sheffield et al., “Zeranol (B-Resorcylic Acid Lactone), A of San Francisco, Calif. Common Residous Component of Natural Foodstuffs, Stimulates Developmental Growth of the Mouse Mammary (73) Assignee: COR Therapeutics, Inc., South San Gland," Cancer Letters, 28:77-83 (1985). Francisco, Calif. Willemart etal, “ARal Compound as an Anabolicin Cattle." Veterinary Research Communications, 7:35-44 (1983). 21 Appl. No.: 463,773 Arch. Geschwulstforsch., vol. 53, No. 1, 1983, pp. 9-15, XP000568651, R. Thust et al.: “Genotoxicity of Fusarium (22 Filed: Jun. 5, 1995 mycotoxins (nivalenol, fusarenon-X, t-2 toxin and Zearale none) in chinese hamster V79-E cells in vitro.' Related U.S. Application Data Proc. Annu. Meet. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., vol. 35, 1994, p. 88, XP002001543, D.T. Zava et al.: "Effects of plant and 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 332,597, Oct. 28, 1994. fungal estrogens on E-sensitive human breast cancer cells." (51) Int. Cl. ............... A61K 31/365 abstract #525. 52 U.S. Cl. ...................... 514/450 Cell, vol. 69, No. 7, 1992, pp. 1227-1236, XP000567055, J. (58) Field of Search ..................................... 514/449, 450 Chung et al.: "Rapamycin-FKBP specifically blocks growth-dependent activitation of and signalling by the 70kd 56) References Cited S6 protein kinases.” Food Chem.
    [Show full text]
  • Compudose, Its Effects on Hereford X Friesian Heifers
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. COMPUDOSE, ITS EFFECTS ON HEREFORD X FRIESIAN HEIFERS A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science (in Animal Science) at Massey University. Jennifer L Burke 1997 Dedicated to my family and friends. ABSTRACT Burke, J.L. 1997. Compudose, its effects on Hereford x Friesian heifers. M. Appl. Se. Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 96 pp. Compudose is an oestrogenic growth promotant that improves liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency in steers. In the past it has not been recommended for use in breeding heifers because of the adverse effects of oestrogen treatment on reproductive performance. The effects of Compudose on liveweight gain, skeletal development, lactational performance, carcass characteristics and offspring performance in heifers at pasture are unknown. However, the expected increase in liveweight gain from Compudose treatment may allow target growth rates to be attained in heifers at critical times of the year, without lactational performance being affected. This study investigated the effect of treating Hereford x Friesian (H x F) once-bred heifers (OBH) with Compudose 400 at 3 months (90 days) of age (Compudose 90) and 7 months (210 days) of age (Compudose 210) compared to non-treated heifers (Control). Compudose 90 heifers (n = 14) gained 0.63 kg/day compared with Control heifers (n = 17) which gained 0.59 kg/day for 385 days from the time of implantation (6.8% increase, P < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
    ANTICANCER RESEARCH 32: 2415-2422 (2012) Effects of (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells ULYANA MUÑOZ ACUÑA1, JENNIFER WITTWER1, SLOAN AYERS2, CEDRIC J. PEARCE3, NICHOLAS H. OBERLIES2 and ESPERANZA J. CARCACHE DE BLANCO1 1Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration and Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.; 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, U.S.A.; 3Mycosynthetix Inc., Hillsborough, NC, U.S.A. Abstract. Aim: (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol was studied to reveal the development since it might, in combination therapy, enhance path through which it exerts its effects on triple-negative MDA- the efficacy of current treatments and reduce resistance to MB-231 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The chemotherapy of triple negative breast cancer. apoptotic effect of (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol on MDA-MB-231 cancer cells was analyzed by cell flow cytometry. The effects of (5Z)- The triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, are 7-oxozeaenol on the expression of the nuclear factor kappa B hormone independent and lack receptors for estrogen (ER), (NF-κB) p65, p50, IκB kinase (IKKα), IKKβ and caspase-7 progesterone (PgR), and the human epidermal growth factor were analyzed by western blot. The expression of intracellular 2 (HER-2) (1). MDA-MB-231 cells are also deficient in p53 reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effects on cell adhesion suppressor gene (2). The cells are aggressive, metastatic and were also assessed. Cell viability was determined using the do not respond to existing pharmacological treatments, such 3[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide as herceptin and estrogen antagonists, and there is still need (MTT) assay.
    [Show full text]