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Skin Care, Insect Bites and Stings
DEPARTMENT KLINISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN | MEDISCHE DIENSTEN Kronenburgstraat 43/3, 2000 Antwerpen | Fax: +32 3 247 64 10 Updated version (20/05/2015 – AVG) see: www.travelhealth.be SKIN CARE, INSECT BITES AND STINGS Sun The closer you get to the Equator, the more intense sunlight becomes. Sunbathing in the tropics has to be done in moderation. Protective clothing and hats are recommended. Apply sun cream with high sun protection factor (30 or more) to exposed skin regularly (every two hours) and carefully. Apply sun cream after bathing and avoid long water exposure since sun stroke will be imminent in spite of reduced heat feeling. Avoid perfumed sun creams and check whether or not used creams or medication can cause "sun allergy" (photo-toxic or photo-allergic reactions). We would like to refer to point 5 of the European cancer code: avoid excessive exposure to sun and sunburn during childhood (increased risk of melanomas in later life). Do not take a course of sunbed sessions before going on holiday as the sun tan obtained through UV-A does not give any extra protection against the natural UV-rays. When using sun creams and insect repellents based on DEET, recent studies have shown that DEET reduces the effectiveness of the sun cream, but that sun creams do not have a negative influence on the effectiveness of DEET. It is advisable, therefore, to apply the insect repellent (DEET or another repellent) with the sun lotion and then to take additional precautions to protect against UV (e.g. a sun cream with a higher protection factor). -
Allergic Reactions to Bites and Stings
Allergic Reactions to Bites and Stings ASCIA EDUCATION RESOURCES (AER) PATIENT INFORMATION Most insect bites and stings result in a localised itch and swelling that settles within a few days. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to insects are relatively uncommon, and are usually due to bees, wasps or the Australian Jack Jumper ant. Fortunately, effective treatments are available to treat allergic reactions to bites and stings. Stinging insects are a common cause of anaphylaxis Allergies to venoms from stinging insects are one of the most common causes of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) in Australia. Symptoms include an all over rash, swelling of tongue or throat, trouble breathing, gut cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting or even a drop in blood pressure (shock). Although the insects are all hymenoptera (which means membranous winged insects), their venoms are very different. Allergy to one type of stinging insect does not usually increase the risk of reaction to another. The Honey Bee is the most common cause of allergic reactions in Australia. Paper Wasps and European Wasps can sting multiple times. The European Wasp is becoming an increasing problem in Australia, is particularly aggressive and likes to get inside drink cans at barbeques, although the more familiar Paper Wasp is responsible for the majority of serious stings. The Australian Jack Jumper Ant (Myrmecia pilosula) is a medium sized black bull ant prevalent down the eastern side of Australia and Tasmania. It can be recognised by its characteristic hopping motion when it walks. It is a very aggressive ant and its sting can cause severe local pain. Severe allergic reactions are much more common than is seen with more common bull ants. -
DRUGS REQUIRING PRIOR AUTHORIZATION in the MEDICAL BENEFIT Page 1
Effective Date: 08/01/2021 DRUGS REQUIRING PRIOR AUTHORIZATION IN THE MEDICAL BENEFIT Page 1 Therapeutic Category Drug Class Trade Name Generic Name HCPCS Procedure Code HCPCS Procedure Code Description Anti-infectives Antiretrovirals, HIV CABENUVA cabotegravir-rilpivirine C9077 Injection, cabotegravir and rilpivirine, 2mg/3mg Antithrombotic Agents von Willebrand Factor-Directed Antibody CABLIVI caplacizumab-yhdp C9047 Injection, caplacizumab-yhdp, 1 mg Cardiology Antilipemic EVKEEZA evinacumab-dgnb C9079 Injection, evinacumab-dgnb, 5 mg Cardiology Hemostatic Agent BERINERT c1 esterase J0597 Injection, C1 esterase inhibitor (human), Berinert, 10 units Cardiology Hemostatic Agent CINRYZE c1 esterase J0598 Injection, C1 esterase inhibitor (human), Cinryze, 10 units Cardiology Hemostatic Agent FIRAZYR icatibant J1744 Injection, icatibant, 1 mg Cardiology Hemostatic Agent HAEGARDA c1 esterase J0599 Injection, C1 esterase inhibitor (human), (Haegarda), 10 units Cardiology Hemostatic Agent ICATIBANT (generic) icatibant J1744 Injection, icatibant, 1 mg Cardiology Hemostatic Agent KALBITOR ecallantide J1290 Injection, ecallantide, 1 mg Cardiology Hemostatic Agent RUCONEST c1 esterase J0596 Injection, C1 esterase inhibitor (recombinant), Ruconest, 10 units Injection, lanadelumab-flyo, 1 mg (code may be used for Medicare when drug administered under Cardiology Hemostatic Agent TAKHZYRO lanadelumab-flyo J0593 direct supervision of a physician, not for use when drug is self-administered) Cardiology Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension EPOPROSTENOL (generic) -
Avoiding and Treating Work-Related Insect Bites and Stings
FACT SHEET Avoiding and Treating Work-Related Insect Bites and Stings This WorkCare Fact Sheet describes work-related bite and sting risks, symptoms, treatment and preventive measures. Bites and stings are a relatively common occurrence for people who work outdoors and in enclosed environments where bees and wasps, fire ants, insects and arachnids (spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites) feel at home. Employers and workers are encouraged to understand exposure risks, how to recognize and respond to stings and bites, and what they can do to prevent them. Under 29 CFR Part 1904 – Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) considers bites and stings to be recordable when an employee who is bitten or stung while working receives medical treatment beyond first aid. First aid is defined in1904.7 (b)(5)(ii). Exposure Risk Thousands of people in the U.S. are stung or bitten each year. Exposed arms and hands tend to be more susceptible to stings and bites among workers than legs and feet, which are usually protected by clothing and enclosed shoes. In a study of occupationally related bites and stings, the head, one of the most exposed body parts, accounted for one-tenth of cases involving insects and arachnids; a third of those cases affected the eyes. An estimated 90 to 100 people die each year in the U.S. as a result of allergic reactions to bites and stings. Overall, bite- and sting-related injuries and fatalities may be misdiagnosed as heart attack or sunstroke, or attributed to other causes, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). -
Galcanezumab-Gnlm) Injection, for Subcutaneous Use
1 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION • Administer in the abdomen, thigh, back of the upper arm, or These highlights do not include all the information needed to use buttocks subcutaneously. (2.3) EMGALITY safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EMGALITY. ---------------------- DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS -------------------- • Injection: 120 mg/mL solution in a single-dose prefilled pen (3) EMGALITY (galcanezumab-gnlm) injection, for subcutaneous use Initial U.S. Approval: 2018 • Injection: 120 mg/mL solution in a single-dose prefilled syringe (3) • Injection: 100 mg/mL solution in a single-dose prefilled syringe (3) --------------------------- RECENT MAJOR CHANGES ------------------------- Indications and Usage, Episodic Cluster Headache (1.2) 06/2019 ------------------------------- CONTRAINDICATIONS ----------------------------- Dosage and Administration, Recommended Dosing for Episodic EMGALITY is contraindicated in patients with serious hypersensitivity Cluster Headache (2.2) 06/2019 to galcanezumab-gnlm or to any of the excipients. (4) ---------------------------- INDICATIONS AND USAGE -------------------------- ------------------------ WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ---------------------- EMGALITY® is a calcitonin-gene related peptide antagonist indicated in Hypersensitivity Reactions: If a serious hypersensitivity reaction adults for the: occurs, discontinue administration of EMGALITY and initiate appropriate therapy. Hypersensitivity reactions could occur days after • preventive treatment of migraine. (1.1) -
Unit 3 Bites and Stings
First Aid in Common and Environmental Emergencies UNIT 3 BITES AND STINGS Structure 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Bites and Stings 3.2.1 Definition, Causes, Types and Recognition of Bites and Stings 3.2.2 Assessment of the Victim and General First Aid 3.3 Various Bites/Stings 3.3.1 Scorpion Bite and Spider Bite 3.3.2 Snake Bite 3.3.3 Insect Bite 3.3.4 Animal Bites (Dog Bite/Monkey Bites) 3.3.5 Human Bites 3.4 Let Us Sum Up 3.5 Keywords 3.6 Answers to Check Your Progress 3.7 References and Further Readings 3.0 INTRODUCTION Bites and stings are commonly seen in the rural and remote areas. Nowadays, however, they can occur in urban areas also. Lakhs of people every year are bitten or stung by someone or something. These emergencies include bites and stings due to various reasons. These bites or stings need to be identified and treated early as they affect some part or the whole of the body which can cause mild, moderate or severe reaction and can even be life-threatening. Most are not medical emergencies but however, treatment is usually required if there is bleeding, wounds or infection. All bites and stings are not same. Different First Aid treatment and care is needed depending on the type of insect or animal that has caused the bite. Some species are more dangerous and cause more harm compared to others. Hence, in this unit we shall discuss the different types of bites and stings, causes, recognition and first aid in these situations. -
Wasp Sting Envenomation - a Case Report
Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal Case Report Open Access Wasp sting envenomation - a case report Abstract Volume 4 Issue 6 - 2017 Wasps belonging to the family vespidae is one of the dangerous hymenopteran when 1 2 3 disturbed in its habitat either accidently or purposely. Wasp stings are common, especially Badiadka KK, Amir S, Pramod KL 1Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, in populations living in vicinity to forested areas all over the world. Local signs following Yenepoya Medical College, India stings are common and generally life threatening anaphylaxis may occur, including Kounis 2Postgraduate, Department of Forensic Medicine, Yenepoya syndrome requiring immediate treatment. This case report is of a 67 yr old woman bitten Medical College, India by a swarm of wasps leading to her death due to envenomation and related complications. 3Curator, Department of Forensic Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, India Keywords: wasp sting, hymenopteran, anaphylaxis, kounis syndrome, envenomation Correspondence: K Leena Pramod, Curator, Department of Forensic Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India, Tel 91 9449366780, Email Received: May 01, 2017 | Published: May 12, 2017 Introduction was an early summer season and a very humid day. The scene was a house under construction, with a front area covered with fallen leaves The Phylum Arthropoda constitutes more than 50% of animal and a big tree. The tree was on edge of ground with roots exposed on species found on earth, of which the insects, spiders belonging to one side. The exposed area was burnt and ash was seen near it (Figure 1 the order Hymenoptera are the main cause for human mortality. -
761063Orig1s000
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 761063Orig1s000 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS REVIEW(S) Office of Clinical Pharmacology Review BLA Number 761063 Link to EDR \\cdsesub1\evsprod\bla761063\0001\m1\us\cover.pdf Submission Date 10/27/2017 Submission Type NME, Standard Review Brand Name EMGALITYTM Generic Name Galcanezumab Dosage Form and Strength 120 mg/mL Prefilled auto-injector pen and Pre-filled syringe Route of Administration Subcutaneous injection Proposed Dose/Regimen: 120 mg once monthly, with a 240 mg loading dose as the initial dose Proposed Indication preventive treatment of migraine Applicant Eli Lilly and Company Associated IND 111295 OCP Review Team Bilal AbuAsal, Ph.D., Gopichand Gottipati, Ph.D., Kevin Krudys, Ph.D., Sreedharan Sabarinath, Ph.D. OCP Final Signatory Ramana Uppoor, Ph.D. 1 Reference ID: 4278873 Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Post-Marketing Requirements and Commitments ....................................................................... 4 2. SUMMARY OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ASSESSMENT ..................................................................... 5 2.1 Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacokinetics............................................................................... 5 2.2 Dosing and -
Transcriptional Inhibition of Hypertrophic Scars by a Gene
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Transcriptional Inhibition of Hypertrophic Scars by a Gene Silencer, Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamide, Targeting the TGF-b1 Promoter Hisayo Washio1, Noboru Fukuda2, Hiroyuki Matsuda2, Hiroki Nagase3, Takayoshi Watanabe3, Yoshiaki Matsumoto4 and Tadashi Terui1 Synthetic pyrrole–imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity and specificity, and inhibit the transcription of corresponding genes. We examined the effects of a transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1-targeted PI polyamide (Polyamide) on hypertrophic skin scars in rats. Hypertrophic scars were created dorsally in rats by incisions. FITC-labeled Polyamide was injected to investigate its distribution in the skin. Expression of TGF-b1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type1, and fibronectin mRNAs was evaluated by reverse transcription PCR analysis. The extent of fibrosis and the expression of TGF-b1 were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. Polyamide was distributed in almost all nuclei of skin cells. Expression of TGF-b1 mRNA reached a peak at 3 days after skin incision. Expression of CTGF and extracellular matrix mRNAs was increased continuously even after the peak induction of TGF-b1 mRNA. Injection of Polyamide completely inhibited both the development of scars and the induction of growth factors and extracellular matrix mRNAs. The treatment also markedly inhibited fibrotic changes and reduced the numbers of vimentin-positive spindle-shaped fibroblasts. Injection of Polyamide also reduced established -
Immunfarmakológia Immunfarmakológia
Gergely: Immunfarmakológia Immunfarmakológia Prof Gergely Péter Az immunpatológiai betegségek döntő többsége gyulladásos, és ennek következtében általában szövetpusztulással járó betegség, melyben – jelenleg – a terápia alapvetően a gyulladás csökkentésére és/vagy megszűntetésére irányul. Vannak kizárólag gyulladásgátló gyógyszereink és vannak olyanok, amelyek az immunreakció(k) bénításával (=immunszuppresszió révén) vagy emellett vezetnek a gyulladás mérsékléséhez. Mind szerkezetileg, mind hatástanilag igen sokféle csoportba oszthatók, az alábbi felosztás elsősorban didaktikus célokat szolgál. 1. Nem-szteroid gyulladásgátlók (‘nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs’ NSAID) 2. Kortikoszteroidok 3. Allergia-elleni szerek (antiallergikumok) 4. Sejtoszlás-gátlók (citosztatikumok) 5. Nem citosztatikus hatású immunszuppresszív szerek 6. Egyéb gyulladásgátlók és immunmoduláns szerek 7. Biológiai terápia 1. Nem-szteroid gyulladásgátlók (NSAID) Ezeket a vegyületeket, melyek őse a szalicilsav (jelenleg, mint acetilszalicilsav ‘aszpirin’ használatos), igen kiterjedten alkalmazzák a reumatológiában, az onkológiában és az orvostudomány szinte minden ágában, ahol fájdalom- és lázcsillapításra van szükség. Egyes felmérések szerint a betegek egy ötöde szed valamilyen NSAID készítményt. Szerkezetük alapján a készítményeket több csoportba sorolhatjuk: szalicilátok (pl. acetilszalicilsav) pyrazolidinek (pl. fenilbutazon) ecetsav származékok (pl. indometacin) fenoxiecetsav származékok (pl. diclofenac, aceclofenac)) oxicamok (pl. piroxicam, meloxicam) propionsav -
Notes to General Risk Assessment Form RA1
Produced by the Health and Safety Department, the University of Edinburgh Health Risks from Working Outdoors: There are several health hazards which may affect people who work outdoors. Some of the main hazards which people may be exposed to include: Exposure to UV radiation from the sun: UV radiation from the sun causes damage to skin. The main effects include sunburn, blistering, skin ageing, an in the long term may lead to skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common from of cancer in the UK, with over 40,000 new cases diagnosed each year. There are three main types of skin cancer: 1. Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer) This type of cancer is usually found in people over 60. It is often linked with years of working outdoors, outdoor sports, or life in the tropics. The most likely sites are on the face and hair bearing skin. Appearance may vary, but there is often a nodule which slowly grows to 0.5cm over a couple of years. It may look translucent or pigmented, and may develop a raised pearly border with a non-healing ulcer in the centre. This type of cancer does not usually spread to form secondary cancers, however early treatment is vital to prevent extensive tissue damage around the site of the cancer. 2. Squamous cell carcinoma This type of skin cancer mainly occurs in older people usually following long exposure to UV radiation as in outdoor work. Appearance is usually of a warty lump, nodule, ulcer, or sore which does not heal. Squamous cell carcinomas also have a very high cure rate, but early treatment is vital in order to prevent tissue damage. -
Causes and Effective Management of Insect Bites in the UK
KNOWLEDGE WOUND CARE SUPPLEMENT Marion Richardson, BD, CertEd, RGN, RNT, DipN, is senior lecturer Causes and effective management and programme leader, emergency of insect bites in the UK nursing, University of Hertfordshire Insects play an important role in maintaining the site of bites and, worldwide, mosquitoes transmit Marion Richardson describes world’s ecosystem (Zhu and Stiller, 2002) but many diseases from one bitten host to the next. These include the causes of insect bites of them feed on other animals. Humans are relatively malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever (acute arbovirus and the management of this hairless and provide an easy target, especially when infection), lymphatic filariasis (caused by the lymphatic uncomfortable problem partly clothed (Cohn, 2003). Biting insects common filarial parasites), and encephalitis (Zhu and Stiller, 2002). to the UK include midges, gnats, mosquitoes, flies, West Nile virus is the most likely mosquito-borne fleas, lice, mites, ticks, and bedbugs (Fig 1). disease in the UK. It is uncommon because the KEY WORDS population density of mosquitoes is relatively low Insects Although their bites rarely cause serious problems, the (Prodigy, 2003). In most people the infection is Bites salivary gland excretions they deposit contain various asymptomatic or causes a mild influenza-like illness. It Inflammation antigenic substances that may provoke a reaction in may cause encephalitis or aseptic meningitis, especially susceptible people (Prodigy, 2003). in people aged over 50 (Prodigy, 2003; Crook et al, 2002). Insect habits and habitats Midges Only female midges attack, often in swarms at Bedbugs These are nocturnal blood-sucking parasites sunrise or sunset and with a higher frequency in that feed at night.