Fact Or Fiction: Remembering Paul Revere
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Vanguards of Empire ANU Library Copy
Vanguards of Empire: the lives of William Dawes, Watkin Tench and George Worgan. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University. Robert Michael Clarke Canberra September 2015 1 Unless otherwise indicated, this is my own original work. Robert Michael Clarke September 2015 2 Acknowledgements I am grateful to the professionalism and assistance received in the many libraries and repositories I visited in Australia and Britain. The librarians from the William Cullen Library at the University of Witwatersrand were prompt and efficient in providing copies of some important correspondence. The staff at the Museum of English Rural Life Library at the University of Reading willingly agreed to fit me in during a day when research facilities were normally closed. I was impressed with the cheerful assistance and encouragement I received from the many county record offices and history centres I visited in Britain. Dr. Ann Coats of the Naval Dockyards Society, Portsmouth was quick to provide information requested. Christine & Colin Edwards, and Anthony Wood, Cornish historians, provided encouragement and guidance and were warm and generous with their hospitality. I will always be grateful that I was able to study History at the University of New England at the end of the 1980s. Alan Atkinson, David Kent and the other members of the team made a lasting impression but especially, the late Norma Townsend. Shortly after enrolling for this degree I read many articles and blog entries about the loneliness of the doctoral student. There is much truth in that, but for me it was alleviated considerably by the encouragement, advice, general support and wisdom I received from my thesis supervisors. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord Battles of Lexington and Concord
Battles of Lexington and Concord Battles of Lexington and Concord In April, 1775, British soldiers marched out of Boston to seize a In April, 1775, British soldiers marched out of Boston to seize a stockpile of colonial weapons and arrest members of the Sons of stockpile of colonial weapons and arrest members of the Sons of Liberty. Warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes that “The Redcoats Liberty. Warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes that “The Redcoats are coming!,” about seventy Minutemen stood in Lexington ready to face are coming!,” about seventy Minutemen stood in Lexington ready to face about 250 British soldiers. No one knows who fired first, but seven about 250 British soldiers. No one knows who fired first, but seven Americans were killed before British soldiers moved past Lexington to Americans were killed before British soldiers moved past Lexington to Concord. In Concord, they were met with more Minutemen who Concord. In Concord, they were met with more Minutemen who fought back until the British retreated. Americans regrouped and fought back until the British retreated. Americans regrouped and continued firing on the British throughout their twenty mile march back continued firing on the British throughout their twenty mile march back to Boston. Lexington and Concord are considered the first battles of to Boston. Lexington and Concord are considered the first battles of the American Revolution. American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson described the American Revolution. American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson described this event as “the shot heard round the world.” this event as “the shot heard round the world.” Directions: Directions: 1) Glue this into your journal. -
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Acquires Rare Paul Revere Tankard
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Media contacts: Robyn Liverant for the Art Museums of Colonial Williamsburg 212.472.6947 or [email protected] THE COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG FOUNDATION ACQUIRES RARE PAUL REVERE TANKARD * Williamsburg, VA (August 17, 2021)—The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has added to its renowned American and British silver collection a rare tankard made ca. 1795 by America’s best-known colonial silversmith, Paul Revere (1734-1818) of Boston, Massachusetts. Originally used as communal drinking vessels, tankards are among the largest forms produced in Revere’s shop. Approximately three dozen Revere tankards are known, and this one is typical of those from the 1790s, with tapering sides, midband, tall domed lid and pinecone form finials. “Colonial Williamsburg has long sought a significant example of Revere’s work,” said Ronald L. Hurst, the Foundation’s Carlisle H. Humelsine chief curator and vice president for museums, preservation and historic resources. “With its impressive size, fine detail, and excellent condition, this tankard fills a significant void in our American silver holdings.” A beloved American patriot, Revere is well known for his activities during the Revolutionary War. Widely recognized as an exceptional colonial silversmith, Revere also engraved prints and bookplates, ran an import business, established a bell and cannon foundry and started the first successful copper rolling mills in the new nation. Many of the objects made in his silver shop are well documented today due to the survival of his record books. Colonial Williamsburg’s Revere tankard stands nearly 10 inches tall and holds 48 ounces of liquid (usually wine, ale or cider), making it weighty to lift when full. -
The Sons and Daughters of Liberty Questions
Name Date The Sons and Daughters of Liberty By Cindy Grigg Caption: A depiction of the tarring and feathering of Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm, a Loyalist, by five Patriots on 5 January 1774 under the Liberty Tree in Boston, Massachusetts. Tea is also being poured into Malcolm's mouth. The print shows the Boston Tea Party occurring in the background, though that incident had in fact taken place four weeks earlier. Note the noose in the tree and the Stamp Act posted upside-down. After Britain began taxing the colonies in 1765, the colonists were angry. They had no representatives in the British Parliament. In Boston, there were public demonstrations. People flooded the streets to protest what they felt were unfair taxes. Angry mobs went to the home of the king's agent who was supposed to collect taxes in the colony. Colonists who fought the tax called themselves the "Sons of Liberty." The name came from a speech made by a member of Parliament. He also opposed the tax. Some of the Sons were common laborers. Some were merchants. Some were lawyers. Some were artists. Some were doctors. Some were newspaper publishers and writers. All of them were Patriots. They supported political freedom in the colonies. These men often held public protests against British taxes and laws. They rallied around "Liberty Trees", "Liberty Poles", or other public meeting places. In Boston, two prominent leaders were Paul Revere and Samuel Adams. In 1773, the tax on tea led the Sons of Liberty to make a public statement. "It is essential to the freedom and security of a free people that no taxes be imposed on them but by their own consent or that of their representatives." They declared that as long as tea was taxed, anyone who brought tea into the colony "shall be deemed an enemy to the liberties of America." The Sons of Liberty planned and carried out the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. -
Chronology of the American Revolution
INTRODUCTION One of the missions of The Friends of Valley Forge Park is the promotion of our historical heritage so that the spirit of what took place over two hundred years ago continues to inspire both current and future generations of all people. It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we are able to offer to the public this chronology of events of The American Revolution. While a simple listing of facts, it is the hope that it will instill in some the desire to dig a little deeper into the fascinating stories underlying the events presented. The following pages were compiled over a three year period with text taken from many sources, including the internet, reference books, tapes and many other available resources. A bibliography of source material is listed at the end of the book. This publication is the result of the dedication, time and effort of Mr. Frank Resavy, a long time volunteer at Valley Forge National Historical Park and a member of The Friends of Valley Forge Park. As with most efforts of this magnitude, a little help from friends is invaluable. Frank and The Friends are enormously grateful for the generous support that he received from the staff and volunteers at Valley Forge National Park as well as the education committee of The Friends of Valley Forge Park. Don R Naimoli Chairman The Friends of Valley Forge Park ************** The Friends of Valley Forge Park, through and with its members, seeks to: Preserve…the past Conserve…for the future Enjoy…today Please join with us and help share in the stewardship of Valley Forge National Park. -
The Famous Ride of Paul Revere К
к The Famous Ride of Paul Revere Paul Revere loved his children and grandchildren. (He had at least 51 grandchildren!) He called them his “little lambs.” Imagine that you are sitting with Paul Revere and some of those grandchildren, hearing about the famous ride of April 18, 1775. Listen! The British were going to march, our spies told us. Soon, they would cross the Charles River. From there they could capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were in Lexington planning the fight against the British. Then they could march on to capture our patriot weapons, stored in Concord. Adams and Hancock had to be warned. The townspeople had to be warned, too, so that they could defend our weapons. The Regulars—the British soldiers—were coming, and people needed to know! I had a plan already. First, I hurried to Christ Church, to give a warning to those waiting across the river. We had agreed on a code: one lantern would be lit in the church steeple window if the British were to leave Boston by land, two lanterns would be lit if they were to leave by the river. Light two lanterns, I told my friend who waited in the steeple. Two friends were waiting to row me across the river to Charlestown. But in the excitement, I had forgotten my spurs! Then I noticed that my little dog had followed me. I wrote a quick note to your grandmother, tied it around the dog’s neck, and sent the dog home. The dog returned shortly—carrying my spurs. -
Leisure Activities in the Colonial Era
PUBLISHED BY THE PAUL REVERE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION SPRING 2016 ISSUE NO. 122 Leisure Activities in The Colonial Era BY LINDSAY FORECAST daily tasks. “Girls were typically trained in the domestic arts by their mothers. At an early age they might mimic the house- The amount of time devoted to leisure, whether defined as keeping chores of their mothers and older sisters until they recreation, sport, or play, depends on the time available after were permitted to participate actively.” productive work is completed and the value placed on such pursuits at any given moment in time. There is no doubt that from the late 1600s to the mid-1850s, less time was devoted to pure leisure than today. The reasons for this are many – from the length of each day, the time needed for both routine and complex tasks, and religious beliefs about keeping busy with useful work. There is evidence that men, women, and children did pursue leisure activities when they had the chance, but there was just less time available. Toys and descriptions of children’s games survive as does information about card games, dancing, and festivals. Depending on the social standing of the individual and where they lived, what leisure people had was spent in different ways. Activities ranged from the traditional sewing and cooking, to community wide events like house- and barn-raisings. Men had a few more opportunities for what we might call leisure activities but even these were tied closely to home and business. Men in particular might spend time in taverns, where they could catch up on the latest news and, in the 1760s and 1770s, get involved in politics. -
French Bread Riot of 8 Septemeber 1778
The 'French-Bread Riot' of 8 September 1778: The French Fleet and Boston's Food Supply Michael Donnay Introduction On the evening of 8 September 1778, a group of French bakers toiled along the waterfront in Boston baking bread for the French fleet anchored offshore. The French had arrived a little over a week before, battered by a hurricane and desperately short of supplies after the failed attempt to capture Newport, Rhode Island. Upon arriving at Boston, one of the first things Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda, Major of the French Squadron, did was to establish bakeries on shore to supply biscuit, a hard-baked bread, for the fleet.1 On that particular evening, a boisterous crowd approached the bakers and demanded bread. Adhering to their orders from Major Borda, the bakers refused to hand over any of the biscuit. The crowd, “being refused…fell upon the bakers with clubs, and beat them in a most outrageous manner.”2 Two French officers, Lieutenant Grégoire Le Henault de Saint-Sauveur and Lieutenant Georges-René Pléville Le Pelley, were nearby and rushed to investigate the disturbance. Coming upon the scene, they attempted to restore order and the crowd proceeded to assault them as well. Both were seriously wounded, Saint-Sauveur so seriously that he died from his wounds a week later. Major General William Heath, commander of the Eastern Military District headquartered in Boston, quickly become aware of the situation and dispatched the city guard to suppress the rioters. However, by the time the guard arrived the rioters had already dispersed. As the sun rose on the morning of 9 September, the situation appeared very serious indeed. -
What Actually Happened on the Midnight Ride?
Revere House Radio Episode 4 Revisit the Ride: What Actually Happened on the Midnight Ride? Welcome in to another episode of Revere House Radio, Midnight Ride Edition. I am your host Robert Shimp, and we appreciate you listening in as we continue to investigate different facets of Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride leading up to Patriots Day in Boston on Monday April 20. Today, April 18, we will commemorate Paul Revere’s ride, which happened 245 years ago today, by answering the question of what actually happened that night? Previously, we have discussed the fact that he was a known and trusted rider for the Sons of Liberty, and that he did not shout “The British Are Coming!” along his route, but rather stopped at houses along the way and said something to the effect of: “the regulars are coming out.” With these points established, we can get into the nuts and bolts of the evening- how did the night unfold for Paul Revere? As we discussed on Thursday, Paul Revere and Dr. Joseph Warren had known for some time that a major action from the British regulars was in the offing at some point in April 1775- and on April 18, Revere and Warren’s surveillance system of the British regulars paid off. Knowing an action was imminent, Warren called Revere to his house that night to give him his orders- which in Paul Revere’s recollections- were to alert John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the soldiers would be marching to the Lexington area in a likely attempt to seize them. -
Paul Revere's Ride Cross-Curricular Teaching Idea
CK_4_TH_HG_P087_242.QXD 10/6/05 9:02 AM Page 179 The First Continental Congress, as it was called, adopted the Suffolk Resolves, which had been passed earlier in Suffolk County, Massachusetts. The resolves declared the Intolerable Acts unlawful and called for • a boycott of British goods, • the formation of a government in Massachusetts to replace the one disband- Paul Revere’s Ride General Thomas Gage, the commander of the British army and the governor- general of Massachusetts since the colony’s charter was revoked, was determined to seize the arsenal that his spies told him was stored at nearby Concord. On the night of April 18, 1775, some 700 British infantry marched out of Boston en route to Concord, about 17 miles away. They had expected to use their night departure to surprise the colonists, but the redcoats were constantly watched. Any unusual activity was noticed by the colonists. The colonists had discovered that General Gage had requested that the Cross-curricular British fleet anchored in Boston Harbor be prepared to use its longboats to ferry Teaching Idea his soldiers across the Charles River so they would be closer to Concord. But the You may wish to teach two poems colonial soldiers were not sure if this was Gage’s real plan or a ruse to trick them. from Language Arts, “Paul Revere’s The British might also march overland out of Boston. Ride” (pp. 38–39) and “Concord One of the observers was Paul Revere, a silversmith by trade and a Patriot. Hymn” (p. 35), in conjunction with On the night of April 18, he was prepared to spread the alarm. -
William Dawes, Jr. (1745-1799) Slab Grave King’S Chapel Burying Ground Boston, Suffolk Co., Massachusetts Patriot Index / Revolutionary War Graves Register Nat’L
1 William Dawes, Jr. (1745-1799) slab grave King’s Chapel Burying Ground Boston, Suffolk Co., Massachusetts Patriot Index / Revolutionary War Graves Register Nat’l. Society SAR (NSSAR) Louisville, KY, Headquarters December 24, 2014 Submitted by James Edward Mitchell, Chairman Texas Society SAR RevWar Graves Committee On the date above, Compatriot Charlie E. Scott, Editor (newsletter) of The Kentucky Pioneer sent along my copy of Vol 10, Issue 10, (pg 15) that arrived upon my doorstep with a small color photograph of the front street entrance of the ‘Green Dragon’ Tavern at Boston taken previously by Compatriot Tom Geimeier. Charlie, Tom Higgins Past Pres., of the KYSSAR, and, I go back together, through reenacting in colonial clothing to perpetuate our shared American societal beginnings during the Revolutionary War. This story is shared for the benefit of any NSSAR Compatriot to speak publically and factually about Boston’s Seat of Revolution and an American spy cell and first patriot intelligence network on record, known as the Mechanics. This group grew out of another organization, Sons of Liberty that had successfully formed to oppose the dreaded Stamp Act. Kenneth A. Daigler’s book entitled: Spies, Patriots and Traitors published in 2014 by the Georgetown University Press at WDC, depicts the Boston branch of the ‘Sons of Liberty’ over the summer of 1765 as achieving modest success at spreading information and furthering a united political position against the British authorities while, radical more violent street leaders preferred riots, looting, physical destruction of the stamps, and assaults on British stamp agents. In Boston riots were anything but calm organized demonstrations! Daigler wrote that activists enjoyed intimidating local British officials. -
A Counterintelligence Reader, Volume 1, Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 The American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary Era: A Historical Legacy Introduction From 1774 to 1783, the British government and its upstart American colony became locked in an increasingly bitter struggle as the Americans moved from violent protest over British colonial policies to independence As this scenario developed, intelligence and counterintelligence played important roles in Americas fight for freedom and British efforts to save its empire It is apparent that British General Thomas Gage, commander of the British forces in North America since 1763, had good intelligence on the growing rebel movement in the Massachusetts colony prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord His highest paid spy, Dr Benjamin Church, sat in the inner circle of the small group of men plotting against the British Gage failed miserably, however, in the covert action and counterintelligence fields Gages successor, General Howe, shunned the use of intelligence assets, which impacted significantly on the British efforts General Clinton, who replaced Howe, built an admirable espionage network but by then it was too late to prevent the American colonies from achieving their independence On the other hand, George Washington was a first class intelligence officer who placed great reliance on intelligence and kept a very personal hand on his intelligence operations Washington also made excellent use of offensive counterintelligence operations but never created a unit or organization to conduct defensive counterintelligence or to coordinate its