Jews and British Sport: Integration, Ethnicity and Anti-Semitism, C1880-C1960

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Jews and British Sport: Integration, Ethnicity and Anti-Semitism, C1880-C1960 Jews and British Sport: Integration, Ethnicity and Anti-Semitism, c1880-c1960 David Gareth Dee Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for PhD Degree awarded by De Montfort University, Leicester Research sponsored by the Arts and Humanities Research Council Submission Date: March 2011 Contents: Chapter Page Number Number Abstract 4 List of Illustrations 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Acknowledgements 7 1 Introduction 8 2 Sport, ‘Anglicisation’ and Integration 36 ‘Anglicisation’ Through Sport: The Example of the Jewish Youth 45 Movement, 1895-1914 Competitive Sport and Immigrant Integration 80 The ‘Thoroughly Anglicised’ English-Jewish Sportsman?: The 107 Life and Career of Harold Abrahams 3 Sport, Religion and Ethnicity 141 The Impact of Physical Recreation on Observance of the Jewish 149 Sabbath, 1898-1939 The ‘New’ Golden Age of Jewish Professional Boxing 183 Creating a New Jew? Sport, Zionism and The Rise of Maccabi 214 Great Britain 4 Sport and anti-Semitism 249 The British Union of Fascists and the ‘Sporting Jew’, 1935-1939 256 ‘There is no Discrimination Here, but the Committee Never 282 Elects Jews’: Anti-Semitism and Golf Kicking Discrimination into Touch? Sporting Responses to Anti- 322 Semitism 5 Conclusions 352 Bibliography 364 3 Abstract: Between the 1890s and the 1960s, sport had a distinctive and varied impact on the social, cultural, political and economic life of the British Jewish community. During this period, Anglo-Jewry developed a clear sporting tradition, in both a direct and indirect sense, and their participation in the world of British sport had a significant impact on processes and discourses surrounding integration, ethnicity and anti-Semitism. Through a broad analysis of archival materials, newspaper sources and oral history, this thesis seeks to examine the influence that sport exerted on the Jewish community – paying particular attention to the ways in which physical recreation affected the internal dynamics of the community and influenced Jewish relations and interactions with the wider non- Jewish population. As will be shown, whilst sport is a useful lens through which to view socio-cultural development within Anglo-Jewish history, evidence suggests that physical recreation also had a notable and noticeable direct impact on Jewish life within Britain. Although Jewish sport history is an expanding field in an international context, it has been largely ignored within British academic research. Within the historiography of Anglo- Jewry, little attention has been paid to the socio-cultural impact of sporting participation. Similarly, within research concerning British sport history, race and immigration are themes that have been generally overlooked. As well as redressing important historiographical gaps, this thesis will also help expand our knowledge of the process behind minority integration and will further demonstrate the wider social importance, and the extensive and varied applications, of the historical study of sport. This thesis demonstrates that sport has been a key area for the creation, maintenance and erosion of Anglo-Jewish identity and has been an arena for the development, reinforcement and undermining of Jewish stereotypes. Sport, effectively, assumed a central role in Jewish life throughout this time period and was a pivotal factor in many social, cultural and political changes affecting the Jewish community of Britain. 4 List of Illustrations: Figure Description: Page Number: Number: 1 Cartoon from Golf Illustrated, 4 February 1910 292 2 Cartoon from Golf Illustrated, 25 October 1912 294 5 List of Abbreviations: Abbreviation: Full Title: AAA Amateur Athletic Association AJY Association of Jewish Youth BMA British Maccabi Association BUF British Union of Fascists BUSC Birmingham University, Special Collections JAA Jewish Athletic Association JFS Jews‘ Free School, London JLB Jewish Lads‘ Brigade LRO Liverpool Record Office LCC London County Council LFWBC London Federation of Working Boys‘ Clubs LMA London Metropolitan Archives MCA Manchester City Archives MJM Manchester Jewish Museum NA National Archives SJAC Scottish Jewish Archives Centre, Glasgow TWAS Tyne and Wear Archive Services UCCL University College, London, Library UoSSC University of Southampton, Special Collections 6 Acknowledgements: Many people have offered assistance with this work. Firstly, I would like to thank Panikos Panayi, whose help as a PhD supervisor and mentor was a significant factor in bringing this thesis to completion. His guidance has helped my academic and personal development in a number of ways and he has offered me considerable assistance and encouragement in the very early stages of my professional career. Thanks must also go to my other supervisors, Dick Holt and Matt Taylor. I am very appreciative of their support and suggestions, as well their thorough and detailed reading of drafts of my thesis during its various stage of development. Although not directly involved with the thesis, I would also like to express my gratitude to Jean Williams, Dil Porter, Neil Carter, Kathy Burrell, Jeff Hill, James Panter, John Martin, Mark Sandle and Chris Goldsmith for their general advice, assistance and reassurance over the past three years. I would like to thank Tony Collins who, together with Dick Holt, first suggested the topic of Anglo-Jewry and sport to me at Master‘s level. I am also very appreciative for the assistance offered by all of the friendly and helpful staff at the various archives, libraries and record offices that I visited during the research phase of the thesis. I would also like to express my gratitude to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for financing this thesis through their ‗Doctoral Scheme‘. Finally, and most importantly, I must thank those closest to me. I thank my parents for the many sacrifices they have made for me and for their unerring encouragement, not just during the research and writing of the thesis, but over the last 25 years as a whole. My brother and sister, Ian and Caroline, have also been a source of considerable support. Finally, I must attempt to express my gratitude to Caz, who has provided me with unending reassurance, guidance, encouragement and friendship. This thesis is as much their achievement as it is mine. 7 Chapter 1 Introduction In 2006, a 68-page booklet entitled Living and Giving: The Jewish Contribution to Life in the UK was published as part of the celebrations of the 350th anniversary of Jewish readmission to the United Kingdom.1 The publication, which included essays from a variety of well-known Anglo-Jewish professionals and intellectuals, sought to document Jewish involvement in British life and culture since 1656. The outwardly and openly celebratory booklet argued that ‗hardly an economic, social or cultural area remains untouched by the Jewish contribution‘. As well as outlining Jewish ‗achievement‘ in British law, medicine and science, ‗traditional‘ avenues of Jewish participation in British life, the booklet also included a chapter on one area of British society and culture not normally or readily associated with the Jewish community – sport and physical recreation.2 The author himself noted the traditional and popular belief, within both Jewish and non- Jewish society, that members of the British Jewish community had not generally been active within British sport. In his very first line, author, journalist and subsequently editor of the Jewish Chronicle, Stephen Pollard, noted that ‗two words which Jews themselves tend not to associate with Judaism are ―sports champion‖‘. Despite this statement, however, 1 Jews were expelled from Britain by Edward I in 1290 due to various economic and popular anti-Semitic charges against the small Jewish community. They were eventually re-admitted by Oliver Cromwell in 1656, seemingly for religious reasons and economic and trade benefits. Cecil Roth, A History of the Jews in England (Oxford, 1964), Chapter 4: ‗The Expulsion, 1272-1290‘; David Katz, The Jews in the History of England: 1485-1850 (Oxford, 1994), pp. 106-136. 2 Zaki Cooper, ‗Introduction‘ in Zaki Cooper (Ed), Living and Giving: The Jewish Contribution to Life in the UK, 1656-2006 (London, 2006), p. 11. in a brief three-page summary, Pollard demonstrated that Jews had been involved in sport in various guises as participants, spectators and businessmen since the late eighteenth century. Whilst openly admitting that his contribution to the booklet was ‗far from comprehensive‘, Pollard argued that ‗almost every sport has had successful Jewish participants‘ with Jews having both a ‗huge impact behind the scenes‘ and ‗an enormous contribution on the field‘.3 Despite its brevity and tenuous discussion of certain ‗Jewish‘ sporting personalities, Pollard‘s section on sport highlighted something that was widely known but not necessarily widely stated – namely, that Jews had been active in sport over much of the period since the late eighteenth century.4 But whilst Jews may have made a ‗contribution‘ to British sport, how has sport affected the British-Jewish population? What impact did sporting participation and interest have on the social, cultural, political and economic history of Anglo-Jewry? In what ways, and to what extent, did direct and indirect involvement in sport influence and shape Jewish life in modern Britain? These three questions form the focus of this thesis. By analysing and investigating Jewish participation in British sport between the age of Eastern European immigration in the late nineteenth century
Recommended publications
  • Derogatory Discourses of Veganism and the Reproduction of Speciesism in UK 1 National Newspapers Bjos 1348 134..152
    The British Journal of Sociology 2011 Volume 62 Issue 1 Vegaphobia: derogatory discourses of veganism and the reproduction of speciesism in UK 1 national newspapers bjos_1348 134..152 Matthew Cole and Karen Morgan Abstract This paper critically examines discourses of veganism in UK national newspapers in 2007. In setting parameters for what can and cannot easily be discussed, domi- nant discourses also help frame understanding. Discourses relating to veganism are therefore presented as contravening commonsense, because they fall outside readily understood meat-eating discourses. Newspapers tend to discredit veganism through ridicule, or as being difficult or impossible to maintain in practice. Vegans are variously stereotyped as ascetics, faddists, sentimentalists, or in some cases, hostile extremists. The overall effect is of a derogatory portrayal of vegans and veganism that we interpret as ‘vegaphobia’. We interpret derogatory discourses of veganism in UK national newspapers as evidence of the cultural reproduction of speciesism, through which veganism is dissociated from its connection with debates concerning nonhuman animals’ rights or liberation. This is problematic in three, interrelated, respects. First, it empirically misrepresents the experience of veganism, and thereby marginalizes vegans. Second, it perpetuates a moral injury to omnivorous readers who are not presented with the opportunity to understand veganism and the challenge to speciesism that it contains. Third, and most seri- ously, it obscures and thereby reproduces
    [Show full text]
  • Sportscene | Fall 2014
    THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF MACCABI USA VOLUME 11 | NUMBER 2 | FALL 2014 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE professional Basketball for Israel’s Super 2 David Blatt’s League. He continued to play professionally SEEKING JEWISH ATHLETES Maccabiah until 1993, when he transitioned to what 3 ROBERT E. SPIVAK Experience continues to be a stellar coaching career. LEADERSHIP AWARD “Playing for your country in the Maccabiah Games is a totally different VOLUNTEER PROFILE Influenced His Life Decisions experience than playing in college or 4 DONOR PROFILE professionally,” David said. “It’s about David first got involved with the sport of RECENT EVENTS more than just the competition; it is about Basketball as a small child. He watched immersing yourself in Jewish culture 5 UPCOMING EVENTS his older sisters practice the game using and gives you a sense of community and the basket their dad had installed over the MULTI-GENERATION togetherness. It’s an experience that stays 6 MACCABI USA FAMILIES garage and joined in. He fell in love with the with you always and is one of the main game and it’s been a lifelong affair. reasons I made Aliyah and have lived in LEGENDS OF THE MACCABIAH While playing point guard at Princeton, Israel the last 33 years.” 8 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE David was recruited by a coach from an In 1991, David married Kineret and Israeli kibbutz team, and he played in Israel EUROPEAN BASKETBALL together they are raising four children, INSIDE THIS ISSUE 9 that summer at Kibbutz Gan Shmuel. The Tamir, Shani, Ela and Adi. His son Tamir NEWS following year, a Maccabi USA volunteer competed for Israel at the 2013 Maccabiah 10 approached him about trying out for the Games as a member of the Juniors Boys’ USA Maccabiah team.
    [Show full text]
  • Jack 'Kid'berg
    WHITECHAPEL WHIRLWIND THE JACK ‘KID’ BERG STORY JOHN HARDING Contents Acknowledgements. 9. Introduction . 10 1. How it all began . 17 2. The fledgling fighter . .30 . 3. Prize fight debut (1923) . 41. 4. Kid Berg at 14 (1923/24) . 51 5. Pride and pet of Premierland (1925). .59 . 6. Harry Corbett: a tough option (1926) . 70 7. Putting on the style (1927). 79. 8. Chicago debut (1928) . 93 9. New York sensation (1929). .105 . 10. Champion of the world? (1930) . 119 11. The roughest of the rough (1930) . 135. 12. A meeting with Kid Chocolate (1930) . 148 13. The private life of a gladiator (1930). 168. 14. Canzoneri’s revenge (1931) . 180. 15. The iron man melts (1931) . .190 . 16. The film star weds (1932–33) . 201 17. British lightweight champion (1934). 209. 18. Second stardom (1934–36) . .224 . 19. Battling in Brooklyn (1938–39). 236. 20. The Peter Pan of boxing (1939–45) . 246 Epilogue. 260. The Last Word. 265. Appendix 1. .266 . Appendix 2. .270 . Cartoonists who drew Jack Berg . 272 Jack Kid Berg’s fight record . 274 Bibliography . 280 Index . .282 . England’s Human Buzzsaw. USA cartoon c1930 Chapter One How it all began If England is to be the dumping ground for foreign ‘scum’ so well and good – but let all aliens be taught that England is a Christian country… (Letter to the East London Observer, February 1909) OR the many thousands of Jewish refugees who arrived in England at the turn of the century, the East End of London Fwas a blessed refuge. For their sons and daughters a decade or more later, it was a ghetto, a prison without walls from which they wished only to escape.
    [Show full text]
  • MS 315 A1076 Papers of Clemens Nathan Scrapbooks Containing
    1 MS 315 A1076 Papers of Clemens Nathan Scrapbooks containing newspaper cuttings, correspondence and photographs from Clemens Nathan’s work with the Anglo-Jewish Association (AJA) 1/1 Includes an obituary for Anatole Goldberg and information on 1961-2, 1971-82 the Jewish youth and Soviet Jews 1/2 Includes advertisements for public meetings, information on 1972-85 the Middle East, Soviet Jews, Nathan’s election as president of the Anglo-Jewish Association and a visit from Yehuda Avner, ambassador of the state of Israel 1/3 Including papers regarding public lectures on human rights 1983-5 issues and the Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, the Middle East, human rights and an obituary for Leslie Prince 1/4 Including papers regarding the Anglo-Jewish Association 1985-7 (AJA) president’s visit to Israel, AJA dinner with speaker Timothy Renton MP, Minister of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office; Kurt Waldheim, president of Austria; accounts for 1983-4 and an obituary for Viscount Bearsted Papers regarding Nathan’s work with the Consultative Council of Jewish Organisations (CCJO) particularly human rights issues and printed email correspondence with George R.Wilkes of Gonville and Cauis Colleges, Cambridge during a period when Nathan was too ill to attend events and regarding the United Nations sub- commission on human right at Geneva. [The CCJO is a NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation) with consultative status II at UNESCO (the United National Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation)] 2/1 Papers, including: Jan -Aug 1998 arrangements
    [Show full text]
  • Ian Salisbury (England 1992 to 2001) Ian Salisbury Was a Prolific Wicket
    Ian Salisbury (England 1992 to 2001) Ian Salisbury was a prolific wicket-taker in county cricket but struggled in his day job in Tests, taking only 20 wickets at large expense. Wisden claimed the leg-spinner’s googly could be picked because of a higher arm action, which negated the threat he posed. Keith Medlycott, his Surrey coach, felt Salisbury was under-bowled and had his confidence diminished by frequent criticism from people who had little understanding of a leggie’s travails. Yet Ian was a willing performer and an excellent tourist. Salisbury’s Test career was a stop-start affair. Over more than eight years, he played in only 15 Tests. Despite these disappointments Salisbury’s determination was never in doubt. Several times as well, he showed more backbone than his supposedly superior English spin colleagues; most notably in India in early 1993. Ian Salisbury also proved to be an excellent nightwatchman, invariably making useful contributions. His Test innings as nightwatchman are shown below. Date Opponents Venue In Out Minutes Score Jun 1992 Pakistan Lord’s 40-1 73-2 58 12 Jan 1993 India Calcutta 87-5 163 AO 183 28 Mar 1994 West Indies Georgetown 253-5 281-7 86 8 Mar 1994 West Indies Trinidad 26-5 27-6 6 0 Jul 1994 South Africa Lord’s 136-6 59 6* Aug 1996 Pakistan Oval 273-6 283-7 27 5 Jul 1998 South Africa Nottingham 199-4 244-5 102 23 Aug 1998 South Africa Leeds 200-4 206-5 21 4 Nov 2000 Pakistan Lahore 391-6 468-8 148 31 Nov 2000 Pakistan Faisalabad 105-2 203-4 209 33 Ian Salisbury’s NWM Appearances in Test matches Salisbury had only one failure as a Test match nightwatchman; joining his fellow rabbits in Curtly Ambrose’s headlights in the rout for 46 in Trinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazeta Fall/Winter 2018
    The site of the Jewish cemetery in Głowno. Photograph from the project Currently Absent by Katarzyna Kopecka, Piotr Pawlak, and Jan Janiak. Used with permission. Volume 25, No. 4 Gazeta Fall/Winter 2018 A quarterly publication of the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies and Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture Editorial & Design: Tressa Berman, Fay Bussgang, Julian Bussgang, Shana Penn, Antony Polonsky, Adam Schorin, Maayan Stanton, Agnieszka Ilwicka, William Zeisel, LaserCom Design. CONTENTS Message from Irene Pipes ............................................................................................... 2 Message from Tad Taube and Shana Penn ................................................................... 3 FEATURES The Minhag Project: A Digital Archive of Jewish Customs Nathaniel Deutsch ................................................................................................................. 4 Teaching Space and Place in Holocaust Courses with Digital Tools Rachel Deblinger ................................................................................................................... 7 Medicinal Plants of Płaszów Jason Francisco .................................................................................................................. 10 REPORTS Independence March Held in Warsaw Amid Controversy Adam Schorin ...................................................................................................................... 14 Explaining Poland to the World: Notes from Poland Daniel Tilles
    [Show full text]
  • BMJ in the News Is a Weekly Digest of Journal Stories, Plus Any Other News
    BMJ in the News is a weekly digest of journal stories, plus any other news about the company that has appeared in the national and a selection of English-speaking international media. Latest highlights (10 - 16 Dec): ● Several studies in the Christmas issue of The BMJ - including research on ​ ​ ​ ​ preventing Christmas weight gain, the link between intellectual engagement and mental decline, and the risk of heart attack over Christmas - were covered globally by BBC News, BBC Radio 4, The Times, The Telegraph, CNN, CBS News, Los Angeles Times, The New York Post, Times of India, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Jakarta Post and many more. ​ ● A US study on the health costs of animal attacks in Trauma Surgery & Acute Care ​ ​ Open was picked up by CNN, COSMOS Magazine and NBC News. ​ ​ ​ ​ ● The BMJ South Asia Awards featured in The Hindu and The Himalayan Times ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ BMJ And the award goes to... (BMJ South Asia Awards) The Hindu 10/12/2018 ​ NAS wins BMJ Awards South Asia The Himalayan Times 11/12/2018 ​ The BMJ Research: Effectiveness of a brief behavioural intervention to prevent weight gain ​ ​ over the Christmas holiday period: randomised controlled trial How long does it take to work off the Christmas pudding? Longer than you think Daily ​ Telegraph 11/12/2018 Maintaining your weight through the holidays CNN 11/12/2018 ​ New study reveals simple ways to avoid weight gain this holiday season The Jakarta Post ​ 12/12/2018 Also in: The Times, The Guardian, The Irish Times, BBC News, i, ITV, Daily Mail, The Independent, Yahoo News UK,
    [Show full text]
  • West Region Newsletter
    West Region Participation Newsletter, 96, November 2019 Inspiring Scotland to Choose Cricket Club Cricket News: Thanks to the 11 attendees, representing 6 different clubs, who came along to the Cricket Scotland West Region Participation Forum, on Sunday 17th November. Those present provided some different perspectives, some valuable input to discussions and some excellent feedback to Cricket Scotland. The forum reviewed All Stars Cricket 2019 and the Cricket Scotland Junior Formats, provided an update on all the participation opportunities available in the region, reminded attendees of the support networks available to clubs, had a creative games-based session in the sports hall…and provided a preview of the programme which is the follow-up to All Stars Cricket. Coach Education & Development News: The Level 2 Course (Coaching Children) got underway on 9 & 10 November, at Eastwood High School. There are 13 attendees, from 7 different clubs. They have completed modules 1, 2, 3 and 4 – with module 5 due to take place on Saturday 7th December. Thanks to tutors Colin McDougall and Gill McElnea who, once again, delivered very well-received Child Wellbeing and Protection in Sport and Basic First Aid for Sport workshops on Sunday 24th November – with 25 attendees coming from 9 different clubs and some attending both workshops. Cricket Scotland News: Unfortuantely, Rosy Ryan is no longer Cricket Scotland’s Development Officer for the West Region – but for the best possible reason! Rosy has now been appointed as Cricket Scotland’s Women’s and Girls Participation Manager. Although a national remit, we still hope to see lots of Rosy’s energy and innovation in various projects in the West Region! For more information about Cricket Scotland, please visit the main website: http://www.cricketscotland.com/.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Frank in Historical Perspective: a Teaching Guide for Secondary Schools
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 391 710 SO 025 758 AUTHOR Grobman, Alex; Fishman, Joel TITLE Anne Frank in Historical Perspective: A Teaching Guide for Secondary Schools. INSTITUTION Martyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust of the Jewish Federation, Los Angeles, CA. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 89p.; Some pictures may not photocopy well. For related item, see SO 025 756. Funding for this publication received from Ore-Ida Foods, Inc. AVAILABLE FROMMartyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust, 6505 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048-4906. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adolescent Literature; *Anti Semitism; Attitudes; Bias; Ethnic Bias; Ethnic Discrimination; History Instruction; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Jews; *Judaism; *Nazism; Reading Materials; Secondary Education; Social Bias; Social Studies; Values; World History; *World War II IDENTIFIERS Diary of Anne Frank; *Frank (Anne); *Holocaust; Holocaust Literatue ABSTRACT This guide helps secondary students to understand "The Diary of Anne Frank" through a series of short essays, maps, and photographs. In view of new scholarship, the historical context in which Anne Frank wrote may be studied to improve the student's perspective of recent history and of the present. A drawing shows the hiding place in the home where the Frank family lived. The essays include:(1) "The Need for Broader Perspective in Understanding Anne Frank's Diary" (Joel S. Fishman); (2) "The Uniqueness of the Holocaust" (Alex Grobman);(3) "Anne Frank's World" (Elma Verhey); (4) "Anne Frank and the Dutch Myth" (Elma Verhey);(5) "A New Perspective on Helpers of Jews During the Holocaust: The Case of Miep and Jan Gies" (Dienke Hondius);(6) "Teaching the Holocaust through the Diary of Anne Frank" (Judith Tydor Baumel);(7) "Examining Optimism: Anne Frank's Place in Postwar Culture" (Alex Sagan);(8) "Dutch Jewry: An Historical Overview"; and (9) "Chronology of the Frank Family and the Families in the Secret Annex." A selected bibliography accompanies the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Amateurism and Coaching Traditions in Twentieth Century British Sport
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-space: Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository Uneasy Bedfellows: Amateurism and Coaching Traditions in Twentieth Century British Sport Tegan Laura Carpenter A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Manchester Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2012 Tegan Carpenter July 2012 If you do well in sport and you train, ‘good show’, but if you do well in sport and you don’t train, ‘bloody good show’. Geoffrey Dyson, 1970 Tegan Carpenter July 2012 Dedication This thesis is proudly dedicated to my parents, Lynne and John, my two brothers, Dan and Will and my best friend, Steve - Thank you for always believing in me. Tegan Carpenter July 2012 Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the continued support of family, friends and colleagues. While I am unable to acknowledge you all individually - I will be forever indebted to you. To my supervisor, Dr Dave Day - I consider myself incredibly lucky to have had such an attentive and committed mentor. Someone who transformed the trudge of a PhD into an enjoyable journey, and because of this, I would not hesitate accepting the opportunity again (even after knowing the level of commitment required!). Thank you for never losing faith in me and for your constant support and patience along the way. I would also like to thank Dr Neil Carter and Professor Martin Hewitt for their comments and advice. Special thanks to Sam for being the best office buddy and allowing me to vent whenever necessary! To Margaret and the interviewees of this study – thank you for your input and donating your time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old-Timer
    The Old-Timer produced by www.prewarboxing.co.uk Number 1. August 2007 Sid Shields (Glasgow) – active 1911-22 This is the first issue of magazine will concentrate draw equally heavily on this The Old-Timer and it is my instead upon the lesser material in The Old-Timer. intention to produce three lights, the fighters who or four such issues per year. were idols and heroes My prewarboxing website The main purpose of the within the towns and cities was launched in 2003 and magazine is to present that produced them and who since that date I have historical information about were the backbone of the directly helped over one the many thousands of sport but who are now hundred families to learn professional boxers who almost completely more about their boxing were active between 1900 forgotten. There are many ancestors and frequently and 1950. The great thousands of these men and they have helped me to majority of these boxers are if I can do something to learn a lot more about the now dead and I would like preserve the memory of a personal lives of these to do something to ensure few of them then this boxers. One of the most that they, and their magazine will be useful aspects of this exploits, are not forgotten. worthwhile. magazine will be to I hope that in doing so I amalgamate boxing history will produce an interesting By far the most valuable with family history so that and informative magazine. resource available to the the articles and features The Old-Timer will draw modern boxing historian is contained within are made heavily on the many Boxing News magazine more interesting.
    [Show full text]
  • Critiques of Cultural Decadence and Decline in British
    Purifying the Nation: British Neo-Fascist Ideas on Representations of Culture Steven Woodbridge, Kingston University Paper for the ‘Dangerous Representations’ multi-disciplinary Conference, Sussex University, June, 2001 Introduction Although fascism and neo-fascism have emphasised ‘action’ in politics, we should not underestimate the extent to which far right ideologues have sought to engage in the intellectual and cultural arena. This paper investigates the ideas, attitudes and discourse of the post-1945 British far right concerning representations of culture. I will argue that the ideological texts of the far right show a recurrent concern with the need for the so-called ‘purification’ of national culture. In essence, there is a belief expounded by the extreme right that ‘liberal’ cultural forms have resulted in national decadence, in turn showing the extent to which the nation itself is in serious decline. Consequently, there has been a consistent call in far right texts and statements for the ‘regeneration’ of the nation, together with the expression of a conviction that national culture requires ‘cleansing’ as part of this ambitious project. The far right’s key ideologues in Britain have regularly expressed views on what constitutes ‘true’, legitimate and authentically ‘British’ cultural representations, and they have often pointed to what is (in their estimation) ‘decadent’ versus ‘healthy’ cultural and national identities. It is intended in this paper to illustrate the far right’s prescription for political and cultural renewal through a brief exploration of the intellectual texts of three neo- fascist movements operating after 1945: the Union Movement (UM), formed in 1948, the National Front (NF), formed in 1967, and the British National Party (BNP), 1 formed in 1982.
    [Show full text]